Add and Subtract Decimals

Check your understanding of important skills.

Name
→ 2-Digit Addition and Subtraction Find the sum or difference.
1. 2.
Hundreds Tens Ones Hundreds Tens Ones

5 8 8 2
1 7 6
2 4 7

→ Decimals Greater Than One Write the word form and the
expanded form for each.
3. 3.4 4. 2.51

_____ _____
_____ _____
→ Relate Fractions and Decimals Write as a decimal or a fraction.
5. 0.8 5
6. ____ 7. 0.46 _
_ 100 _
6
8. ___ 9. 0.90 35
10. ____
10 _ _ 100 _

WITH
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

TM

Jason has 4 tiles. Each tile has a

number printed on it. The numbers
are 2, 3, 6, and 8. A decimal number
is formed using the tiles and the
clues. Be a Math Detective and find
the number.

GO Assessment Options: Soar to Success Math Chapter 3 103

Online
 Vocabulary Builder
→ Visualize It
Review Words
Use the 3 words to complete the tree map.
3 benchmark
3 hundredth
Estimation 3 place value
3 round
3 tenth

Preview Words

sequence
term
3 thousandth

→ Understand Vocabulary
Read the description. Which word do you think is described?

1. One of one hundred equal parts ___

2. The value of each digit in a number based on the location of the digit

___
3. To replace a number with one that is simpler and is approximately

the same size as the original number ___ © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. An ordered set of numbers ___

5. One of ten equal parts ___
6. A familiar number used as a point of reference ___
7. One of one thousand equal parts ___
8. Each of the numbers in a sequence ___

104
GO • eStudent Edition • Multimedia eGlossary
Online
 Lesson 3.1
Name
Thousandths
Essential Question How can you describe the relationship between two
Investigate
decimal place-value positions?

Investigate
Materials n color pencils n straightedge
Thousandths are smaller parts than hundredths. If
one hundredth is divided into ten equal parts, each
part is one thousandth.

Use the model at the right to show tenths, hundredths,

and thousandths.

A. Divide the larger square into 10 equal columns or rectangles.

Shade one rectangle. What part of the whole is the shaded
rectangle? Write that part as a decimal and a fraction.

_________

B. Divide each rectangle into 10 equal squares. Use a second

color to shade in one of the squares. What part of the
whole is the shaded square? Write that part as a decimal
and a fraction.

_________

C. Divide the enlarged hundredths square into 10 equal

columns or rectangles. If each hundredths square is
divided into ten equal rectangles, how many parts will
the model have?

_________
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Use a third color to shade one rectangle of the enlarged

hundredths square. What part of the whole is the shaded
rectangle? Write that part as a decimal and a fraction.

_________
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

There are 10 times

as many hundredths as there
are tenths. Explain how the
model shows this.

Chapter 3 105
Draw ConclusionsN
1. Explain what each shaded part of your model in the Investigate
section shows. What fraction can you write that relates each shaded

part to the next greater shaded part?

2. Identify and describe a part of your model that shows one

thousandth. Explain how you know.

Make ConnectionsN
The relationship of a digit in different place-value positions is the
same with decimals as it is with whole numbers. You can use your
understanding of place-value patterns and a place-value chart to write
decimals that are 10 times as much as or __ 1
10 of any given decimal.

Ones • Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

? 0.04 ?
__ is 10 times as much as 0.04.
10 times 1 of
as much 10
__ is __
1 of 0.04.
10

Use the steps below to complete the table.

STEP 1 Write the given decimal in a

10 times 1 of
__
place-value chart. Decimal
as much as 10

STEP 2 Use the place-value chart to write a 0.03

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decimal that is 10 times as much as

the given decimal. 0.1

STEP 3 Use the place-value chart to write a 0.07

decimal that is __
1 of the given decimal.
10

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Describe the pattern you

see when you move one decimal
place value to the right and one
decimal place value to the left.

106
 Name

Share and Show

Write the decimal shown by the shaded parts of each model.

1. 2.

__ __

3. 4.

__ __

Complete the sentence.

5. 0.6 is 10 times as much as __ . 6. 0.007 is __

1
10 of __ .

7.
1 of __ .
0.008 is ___ 8. 0.5 is 10 times as much as __ .
10

Use place-value patterns to complete the table.

10 times 1 of
__ 10 times 1 of
__
Decimal Decimal
as much as 10 as much as 10
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9. 0.2 13. 0.06

10. 0.07 14. 0.9

11. 0.05 15. 0.3

12. 0.4 16. 0.08

Chapter 3 • Lesson 1 107

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table for 17–20.

17. What is the value of the digit 2 in the carpenter

bee’s length?
Bee Lengths (in meters)
Bumblebee 0.019
18. If you made a model of a bumblebee that was
Carpenter Bee 0.025
10 times as large as the actual bee, how long
would the model be in meters? Write your Leafcutting Bee 0.014
answer as a decimal. Orchid Bee 0.028
Sweat Bee

19. The sweat bee’s length is 6 thousandths of a

meter. Complete the table by recording the
sweat bee’s length.

20. An atlas beetle is about 0.14 of a meter

long. How does the length of the atlas beetle
compare to the length of a leafcutting bee?

21. Explain how you can use place

value to describe how 0.05 and 0.005 compare.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

22. Test Prep What is the relationship between 1.0

and 0.1?

A 0.1 is 10 times as much as 1.0

B 1.0 is 1
__
10 of 0.1
1
C 0.1 is __
10 of 1.0
D 1.0 is equal to 0.1

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

108 Standards Practice Book, pp. P53–P54
 Lesson 3.2
Name
Place Value of Decimals
Essential Question How do you read, write, and represent decimals
through thousandths?

UNLOCK the Problem

The Brooklyn Battery Tunnel in New York City is 1.726
miles long. It is the longest underwater tunnel for vehicles
in the United States. To understand this distance, you need
to understand the place value of each digit in 1.726.

You can use a place-value chart to understand decimals.

Whole numbers are to the left of the decimal point.
Decimals are to the right of the decimal point. The
thousandths place is to the right of the hundredths place. ↑ The Brooklyn Battery Tunnel passes
under the East River.
Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
1 • 7 2 6

1 131 1
7 3 __ 1
2 3 ___ 1
6 3 _____
6
10 100 1,000
Value
1.0 0.7 0.02 0.006

The place value of the digit 6 in 1.726 is thousandths. The value

1
of 6 in 1.726 is 6 3 _____
1,000 , or 0.006.

Standard Form: 1.726

Word Form: one and seven hundred twenty-six thousandths
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
1 1 2 3 ____
Expanded Form: 1 3 1 1 7 3 ___ ( 10 )
1 1 6 3 _____
1
( 100 ) ( 1,000 ) Explain how the
value of the last digit in a
decimal can help you read
a decimal.
Try This! Use place value to read and write decimals.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

A Standard Form: 2.35

Word Form: two and _____

Expanded Form: 2 3 11 _____

B Standard Form: __
Word Form: three and six hundred fourteen thousandths
1 1
Expanded Form: __ 1 6 3 ___
10 ( ) __ 1 __

Chapter 3 109
 Example Use a place-value chart.

The silk spun by a common garden spider is about

0.003 millimeter thick. A commonly used sewing
thread is about 0.3 millimeter thick. How does the
thickness of the spider silk and the thread compare?

STEP 1 Write the numbers in a place-value chart.

Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

STEP 2

Count the number of decimal place-value positions to the

digit 3 in 0.3 and 0.003.

0.3 has _ fewer decimal places than 0.003

2 fewer decimal places: 10 3 10 5 __

0.3 is __ times as much as 0.003

0.003 is __ of 0.3

So, the thread is __ times as thick as the garden

spider’s silk. The thickness of the garden spider’s silk is

__ that of the thread.

You can use place-value patterns to rename a decimal.

Try This! Use place-value patterns.

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Rename 0.3 using other place values.

0.300 3 tenths 1
3 3 __
10

1
___
0.300 _ hundredths _ 3 100
0.300 ___ ___

110
 Name

Share and ShowN

1. Complete the place-value chart to find the value of each digit.

Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

3 • 5 2 4

331 1
2 3 ___
6
100
Value
0.5

Write the value of the underlined digit.

2. 0.543 3. 6.234 4. 3.954

____ ____ ____

Write the number in two other forms.

5. 0.253 6. 7.632

______ ______
______ ______
______ ______

On Your OwnN
Write the value of the underlined digit.
7. 0.496 8. 2.726 9. 1.066

____ ____ ____

10. 6.399 11. 0.002 12. 14.371

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

____ ____ ____

Write the number in two other forms.

13. 0.489 14. 5.916

______ ______
______ ______
______ ______
Chapter 3 • Lesson 2 111
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table for 15–17.
Average Annual Rainfall (in meters)
15. What is the value of the digit 7 in New
California 0.564
Mexico’s average annual rainfall?
New Mexico 0.372
New York 1.041

16. The average annual rainfall in Maine is one Wisconsin 0.820

and seventy-four thousandths of a meter Maine
per year. Complete the table by writing that
amount in standard form.

17. Which of the states has an average annual

rainfall with the least number in the
thousandths place?

18. What’s the Error? Damian wrote the

number four and twenty-three thousandths
as 4.23. Describe and correct his error.

19. Explain how you know

that the digit 6 in the numbers 3.675 and
3.756 does not have the same value.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

20. Test Prep In 24.736, which digit is in the

thousandths place?

A 3 C 6
B 4 D 7

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

112 Standards Practice Book, pp. P55–P56
 Lesson 3.3
Name
Compare and Order Decimals
Essential Question How can you use place value to compare and
order decimals?

UNLOCK the Problem

The table lists some of the mountains in the United States that are
over two miles high. How does the height of Cloud Mountain in
New York compare to the height of Boundary Mountain in Nevada?

Mountain Heights
Mountain and State Height (in miles)
Boundary, Nevada 2.488
Cloud, New York 2.495 ↑ The Tetons are located in Grand
Teton National Park.
Grand Teton, Wyoming 2.607
Wheeler, New Mexico 2.493

One Way Use place value.

Line up the decimal points. Start at the left. Compare the digits in each
place-value position until the digits are different.

STEP 1 Compare the ones. STEP 2 Compare the tenths. STEP 3 Compare the hundredths.

2.495 2.495 2.495

↓ 252 ↓ 4 4 ↓ 9 8
2.488 2.488 2.488

Since 9 8, then 2.495 2.488, and 2.488 2.495.

So, the height of Cloud Mountain is __ the height

of Boundary Mountain.

Another Way Use a place-value chart to compare.

Compare the height of Cloud Mountain to Wheeler Mountain.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Ones • Tenths Hundredths Thousandths MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why it is
2 • 4 9 5 important to line up the decimal
2 4 9 3 points when comparing decimals.
•

252 45_ 95_ 5._

Since 5 3, then 2.495 2.493, and 2.493 2.495.

So, the height of Cloud Mountain is __ the height

of Wheeler Mountain.

Chapter 3 113
Order Decimals You can use place value to order decimal numbers.

Example
Mount Whitney in California is 2.745 miles high, Mount Rainier in
Washington is 2.729 miles high, and Mount Harvard in Colorado is
2.731 miles high. Order the heights of these mountains from least to
greatest. Which mountain has the least height? Which mountain has
the greatest height?

STEP 1 STEP 2

Line up the decimal points. There are Underline the hundredths and compare. Order from
the same number of ones. Circle the least to greatest.
tenths and compare.
2.745 Whitney
2.745 Whitney
2.729 Rainier
2.729 Rainier
2.731 Harvard
2.731 Harvard
Since , , , the heights in order from least to
There are the same number of tenths.
greatest are __ , __ , __.

So, ___ has the least height and

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why you do

not have to compare the digits in
___ has the greatest height. the thousandths place to order the
heights of the 3 mountains.

Try This! Use a place-value chart.

What is the order of 1.383, 1.321, 1.456, and 1.32 from greatest to least?

• Write each number in the place-value chart. Compare

the digits, beginning with the greatest place value. Ones • Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

• Compare the ones. The ones are the same.

1 • 3 8 3

• Compare the tenths. 4 . 3.

1 •
1 •
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The greatest number is __.

Circle the greatest number in the place-value chart. 1 •
• Compare the remaining hundredths. 8 . 2.

The next greatest number is __.

Draw a rectangle around the number.

• Compare the remaining thousandths. 1 . 0.

So, the order of the numbers from greatest to least is: _____ .

114
 Name

Share and ShowN

1. Use the place-value chart to compare the two
Ones • Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
numbers. What is the greatest place-value
position where the digits differ?
3 • 4 7 2
3 • 4 4 5

Compare. Write <, >, or 5.

2. 4.563 4.536 3. 5.640 5.64 4. 8.673 8.637

Name the greatest place-value position where the digits differ.

Name the greater number.

5. 3.579; 3.564 6. 9.572; 9.637 7. 4.159; 4.152

____ ____ ____

____ ____ ____
Order from least to greatest.

8. 4.08; 4.3; 4.803; 4.038 9. 1.703; 1.037; 1.37; 1.073

______ ______

On Your OwnN
Compare. Write <, >, or 5.

10. 8.72 8.720 11. 5.4 5.243 12. 1.036 1.306

13. 2.573 2.753 14. 9.300 9.3 15. 6.76 6.759

Order from greatest to least.

16. 2.007; 2.714; 2.09; 2.97 17. 0.386; 0.3; 0.683; 0.836
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

______ ______
18. 5.249; 5.43; 5.340; 5.209 19. 0.678; 1.678; 0.587; 0.687

______ ______

Algebra Find the unknown digit to make each statement true.

20. 3.59 . 3.5 1 . 3.572 21. 6.837 . 6.83 . 6.835 22. 2.45 , 2. 6 , 2.461

Chapter 3 • Lesson 3 115

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the Table for 23–26.

23. In comparing the height of the mountains, which is

the greatest place value where the digits differ?

Mountains Over Three Miles High

24. How does the height of Steele Mountain compare
to the height of Blackburn Mountain? Compare the Mountain and Location Height (in miles)
heights using words. Blackburn, Alaska 3.104
Bona, Alaska 3.134
Steele, Yukon 3.152

25. Explain how to order the height

of the mountains from greatest to least.

26. What if the height of Blackburn Mountain

were 0.05 mile greater. Would it then be the
mountain with the greatest height? Explain.

27. Test Prep Mount Logan in the Yukon is 3.702 miles © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

high. Mount McKinley in Alaska is 3.848 miles high

and Pico de Orizaba in Mexico is 3.571 miles high.
Order these mountains by height from greatest to
least.

A Logan, McKinley, Pico de Orizaba

B McKinley, Logan, Pico de Orizaba
C Pico de Orizaba, Logan, McKinley
D Logan, Pico de Orizaba, McKinley

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

116 Standards Practice Book, pp. P57–P58
 Lesson 3.4
Name
Round Decimals
Essential Question How can you use place value to round decimals to
a given place?

UNLOCK the Problem

The Gold Frog of South America is one of the smallest
frogs in the world. It is 0.386 of an inch long. What is this • Underline the length of the Gold Frog.
length rounded to the nearest hundredth of an inch? • Is the frog’s length about the same
as the length or the width of a large
paper clip?

One Way Use a place-value chart.

• Write the number in a place-value chart and circle the
digit in the place value to which you want to round.

• In the place-value chart, underline the digit to the

right of the place to which you are rounding.

• If the digit to the right is less than 5, the digit in

the place value to which you are rounding stays
the same. If the digit to the right is 5 or greater, Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
the digit in the rounding place increases by 1. 0 • 3 8 6

• Drop the digits after the place to which you Think: Does the digit in the rounding
are rounding. place stay the same or increase by 1?

So, to the nearest hundredth of an inch, a Gold Frog is

about _ of an inch long.

Another Way Use place value.

The Little Grass Frog is the smallest frog in North America.
It is 0.437 of an inch long.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

A What is the length of the frog to the B What is the length of the frog to the
nearest hundredth of an inch? nearest tenth of an inch?

0.437 7.5 0.437 3,5

↓ ↓
0.44 0.4

So, to the nearest hundredth of an inch, the frog So, to the nearest tenth of an inch, the frog is

is about __ of an inch long. about __ of an inch long.

Chapter 3 117
 Example
The Goliath Frog is the largest frog in the world. It is found in the
country of Cameroon in West Africa. The Goliath Frog can grow
to be 11.815 inches long. How long is the Goliath Frog to the
nearest inch?
STEP 1 Write 11.815 in the place-value chart.

Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

STEP 2 Find the place to which you want to round. Circle the digit.

STEP 3 Underline the digit to the right of the place value

to which you are rounding. Then round.
Think: Does the digit in the rounding
place stay the same or increase by 1?

So, to the nearest inch, the Goliath Frog is about _ inches long.

• Explain why any number less than 12.5 and greater than or equal to
11.5 would round to 12 when rounded to the nearest whole number.

Try This! Round. 14.603

A To the nearest hundredth:

Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths Circle and underline the digits as you
did above to help you round to the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

• nearest hundredth.

So, 14.603 rounded to the nearest hundredth is __.

B To the nearest whole number:

Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths Circle and underline the digits as you
did above to help you round to the
• nearest whole number.

So, 14.603 rounded to the nearest whole number is __.

118
 Name

Share and ShowN

Write the place value of the underlined digit. Round each
number to the place of the underlined digit.

1. 0.673 2. 4.282 3. 12.917

___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___
Name the place value to which each number was rounded.

4. 0.982 to 0.98 5. 3.695 to 4 6. 7.486 to 7.5

___ ___ ___

On Your OwnN
Write the place value of the underlined digit. Round each
number to the place of the underlined digit.

7. 0.592 8. 6.518 9. 0.809

___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___
10. 3.334 11. 12.074 12. 4.494

___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___
Name the place value to which each number was rounded.

13. 0.328 to 0.33 14. 2.607 to 2.61 15. 12.583 to 13

___ ___ ___

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Round 16.748 to the place named.

16. tenths __ 17. hundredths __ 18. ones __

19. Explain what happens when you round 4.999 to

the nearest tenth.

Chapter 3 • Lesson 4 119

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table for 20–22.
Insect Speeds (meters per second)
20. The speeds of two insects when rounded to the
Insect Speed
nearest whole number are the same. Which two
Dragonfly 6.974
insects are they?
Horsefly 3.934
Bumblebee 2.861

21. What is the speed of the housefly rounded to Honeybee 2.548

the nearest hundredth? Housefly 1.967

22. What’s the Error? Mark said that the

speed of a dragonfly rounded to the nearest
tenth was 6.9 meters per second. Is he correct?
If not, what is his error?

23. A rounded number

for the speed of an insect is 5.67 meters per
second. What are the fastest and slowest
speeds to the thousandths that could round to
5.67? Explain.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

24. Test Prep To which place value is the number

rounded?

6.706 to 6.71
A ones C hundredths
B tenths D thousandths

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

120 Standards Practice Book, pp. P59–P60
 Lesson 3.5
Name
Decimal Addition
Essential Question How can you use base-ten blocks to model
decimal addition?

CONNECT You can use base-ten blocks to help you

find decimal sums.

1 0.1 0.01
Investigate one one tenth one hundredth

Materials n base-ten blocks

A. Use base-ten blocks to model the sum of 0.34 and 0.27.
B. Add the hundredths first by combining them.
• Do you need to regroup the hundredths? Explain.

_________

_________

_________

C. Add the tenths by combining them.

• Do you need to regroup the tenths? Explain.

_________

_________

_________

D. Record the sum. 0.34 1 0.27 5 __

Draw Conclusions
1. What if you combine the tenths first and then the hundredths?
Explain how you would regroup.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2. Synthesize If you add two decimals that are each greater

than 0.5, will the sum be less than or greater than 1.0? Explain.

Chapter 3 121
Make ConnectionsN
You can use a quick picture to add decimals greater than 1.

STEP 1

Model the sum of 2.5 and 2.8 with a quick picture.

STEP 2

Add the tenths.

• Are there more than 9 tenths? _

If there are more than 9 tenths, regroup.

Add the ones.

STEP 3

Draw a quick picture of your answer. Then record.

2.5 1 2.8 5 __

Share and Show

Complete the quick picture to find the sum.

1. 1.37 1 1.85 5 __ © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you know

where to write the decimal point
in the sum.

122
 Name

Add. Draw a quick picture.

2. 0.9 1 0.7 5 __ 3. 0.65 1 0.73 5 __

4. 3.71 1 0.54 5 __ 5. 1.05 1 0.78 5 __

6. 1.3 1 0.7 5 __ 7. 2.72 1 0.51 5 __

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you

solved Exercise 6.

Chapter 3 • Lesson 5 123

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense
Problem SolvingN
Sense or Nonsense?
8. Robyn and Jim used quick pictures to model 1.85 1 2.73.

Robyn’s Work Jim’s Work

1.85 1 2.73 5 3.158 1.85 1 2.73 5 4.58

Does Robyn’s work make sense? Does Jim’s work make sense?
Explain your reasoning. Explain your reasoning.

• Explain how you would help Robyn understand that regrouping is

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

important when adding decimals.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

124 Standards Practice Book, pp. P61–P62
 Lesson 3.6
Name
Decimal Subtraction
Essential Question How can you use base-ten blocks to model
decimal subtraction?

CONNECT You can use base-ten blocks

to help you find the difference
between two decimals.

1 0.1 0.01
one one tenth one hundredth
Investigate
Materials n base-ten blocks
A. Use base-ten blocks to find 0.84 2 0.56.
Model 0.84.

B. Subtract 0.56. Start by removing 6 hundredths.

• Do you need to regroup to subtract? Explain.

_______

_______

C. Subtract the tenths. Remove 5 tenths.

D. Record the difference. 0.84 2 0.56 5 __

Draw Conclusions
1. What if you remove the tenths first and then the hundredths?
Explain how you would regroup.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2. Synthesize If two decimals are both less than 1.0, what do

you know about the difference between them? Explain.

Chapter 3 125
Make ConnectionsN
You can use quick pictures to subtract decimals
that need to be regrouped.
STEP 1

• Use a quick picture to model 2.82 2 1.47.

• Subtract the hundredths.

• Are there enough hundredths to remove? _

If there are not enough hundredths, regroup.

STEP 2

• Subtract the tenths.

• Are there enough tenths to remove? _

If there are not enough tenths, regroup.

• Subtract the ones.

STEP 3

Draw a quick picture of your answer. Then record.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2.82 2 1.47 5 __
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why you have

to regroup in Step 1.

126
 Name

Share and Show

Complete the quick picture to find the difference.

1. 0.62 2 0.18 5 __

Subtract. Draw a quick picture.

2. 3.41 2 1.74 5 __ 3. 0.84 2 0.57 5 __

4. 0.93 2 0.38 5 __ 5. 2.71 2 1.34 5 __

6. 4.05 2 1.61 5 __ 7. 1.37 2 0.52 5 __

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you can

use a quick picture to find
0.81 2 0.46.

Chapter 3 • Lesson 6 127

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense
Problem Solving
Pose a Problem
8. Antonio left his MathBoard on his desk during lunch. The quick
picture below shows the problem he was working on when he left.

Write a problem that can be solved using the quick picture above.

Pose a problem. Solve your problem.

• Describe how you can change the problem by changing

the quick picture.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

128 Standards Practice Book, pp. P63–P64
 Name

Mid-Chapter Checkpoint
→ Concepts and Skills
1. Explain how you can use base-ten blocks to find 1.54 1 2.37.

Complete the sentence.

2. 0.04 is __
1
10 of
__ . 3. 0.06 is 10 times as much as __ .

Write the value of the underlined digit.

4. 6.54 5. 0.837 6. 8.702 7. 9.173

Compare. Write ,, ., or 5.

8. 6.52 6.520 9. 3.589 3.598 10. 8.463 8.483

Write the place value of the underlined digit. Round each

number to the place of the underlined digit.

11. 0.724 12. 2.576 13. 4.769

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Draw a quick picture to find the sum or difference.

14. 2.46 1 0.78 5 __ 15. 3.27 2 1.84 5 __

Chapter 3 129
Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

16. Marco read that a honeybee can fly up to 2.548 meters per
second. He rounded the number to 2.55. To which place value
did Marco round the speed of a honeybee?
A ones C hundredths
B tenths D thousandths

17. What is the relationship between 0.04 and 0.004?

A 0.04 is 10 times as much as 0.004
B 0.04 is __
1
10 of 0.004
C 0.004 is 10 times as much as 0.04
D 0.04 is equal to 0.004

18. Jodi drew a quick picture to model the answer for

3.14 2 1.75. Which picture did she draw?

A C

B D

19. The average annual rainfall in California is 0.564 of a meter per

year. What is the value of the digit 4 in that number?
1
A 431 C 4 3 ____
100
1 1
B 4 3 ___ D 4 3 _____
10 1,000
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

20. Jan ran 1.256 miles on Monday, 1.265 miles on Wednesday,

and 1.268 miles on Friday. What were her distances from
greatest to least?
A 1.268 miles, 1.256 miles, 1.265 miles
B 1.268 miles, 1.265 miles, 1.256 miles
C 1.265 miles, 1.256 miles, 1.268 miles
D 1.256 miles, 1.265 miles, 1.268 miles

130
 Lesson 3.7
Name
Estimate Decimal Sums and Differences
Essential Question How can you estimate decimal sums
and differences?

UNLOCK the Problem

A singer is recording a CD. The lengths of the three
songs are 3.4 minutes, 2.78 minutes, and 4.19 minutes.
About how much recording time will be on the CD?

Use rounding to estimate.

Round to the nearest whole number. Then add. To round a number, determine the place to
which you want to round.
3.4 3 • If the digit to the right is less than 5, the
digit in the rounding place stays the same.
2.78 • If the digit to the right is 5 or greater, the
+ 4.19 + digit in the rounding place increases by 1.

So, there will be about _ minutes of recording time on the CD.

Try This! Use rounding to estimate.

A Round to the nearest whole dollar. B Round to the nearest ten dollars.
Then subtract. Then subtract.

$27.95 $27.95
− $11.72
__ −
__ − $11.72
__ −
__

To the nearest dollar, To the nearest ten dollars,

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

$27.95 – $11.72 is about __. $27.95 – $11.72 is about __.

• Do you want an overestimate or an underestimate when you

estimate the total cost of items you want to buy? Explain.

Chapter 3 131
Use Benchmarks Benchmarks are familiar numbers used as
points of reference. You can use the benchmarks 0, 0.25, 0.50,
0.75, and 1 to estimate decimal sums and differences.

Example 1 Use benchmarks to estimate. 0.18 1 0.43

Locate and graph a point on the number line for each decimal.
Identify which benchmark each decimal is closer to.

0.18

0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1

Think: 0.18 is between 0 and 0.25. Think: 0.43 is between __ and

It is closer to __. __. It is closer to __.

0.18 1 0.43

_ 1_ 5 _

So, 0.18 1 0.43 is about __.

Example 2 Use benchmarks to estimate. 0.76 2 0.22

Locate and graph a point on the number line for each decimal. Identify
which benchmark each decimal is closer to.

0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1

Think: 0.76 is between __ and Think: 0.22 is between 0 and 0.25. It is

__. It is closer to __. closer to __.

0.76 2 0.22
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

_2_5_

So, 0.76 2 0.22 is about __.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Use Example 2 to explain

how using rounding or benchmarks
to estimate a decimal difference can
give you different answers.

132
 Name

Share and ShowN

Use rounding to estimate.
1. 2.34 2. 10.39 3. $19.75
1.9 –__
4.28 + $ 3.98
___
+
__5.23

Use benchmarks to estimate.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
4. 0.34 5. 10.39 Describe the difference
between an estimate and an exact
0.1 −
__4.28 answer.

+
__0.25

On Your Own
Use rounding to estimate.
6. 0.93 7. 7.41 8. 14.68
+
__0.18 −
__3.88 − 9.93
__

Use benchmarks to estimate.

9. 12.41 10. 8.12 11. 9.75
− 6.47
__ + 5.52
__ –__
3.47

Practice: Copy and Solve Use rounding or benchmarks to estimate.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

12. 12.83 1 16.24 13. $26.92 2 $11.13 14. 9.41 1 3.82

Estimate to compare. Write , or ..

15. 2.74 1 4.22 3.13 1 1.87 16. 6.25 2 2.39 9.79 2 3.84

_ _ _ _
estimate estimate estimate estimate

Chapter 3 • Lesson 7 133

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table to solve 17–18. Show your work.
Top Songs
17. For the week of April 4, 1964, the Beatles had
the top four songs. About how long would Number Song Title Song Length
it take to listen to these four songs? (in minutes)
1 “Can’t Buy Me Love” 2.30
2 “She Loves You” 2.50
3 “I Want to Hold Your Hand” 2.75
4 “Please Please Me” 2.00

18. What’s the Error? Isabelle says she can 19. Test Prep Fran bought sneakers for $54.26
listen to the first three songs in the table in and a shirt for $34.34. If Fran started with
6 minutes. $100, about how much money does she
have left?

A $5

B $20
C $35
D $80

Nutrition
Your body needs protein to build and repair cells. Grams of Protein per Serving
You should get a new supply of protein each day. Type of Food Protein (in grams)
The average 10-year-old needs 35 grams 1 scrambled egg 6.75
of protein daily. You can find protein in foods
1 cup shredded wheat cereal 5.56
like meat, vegetables, and dairy products.
1 oat bran muffin 3.99
1 cup low-fat milk 8.22
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Use estimation to solve.

20. Gina had a scrambled egg, an oat bran 21. Pablo had a cup of shredded wheat cereal,
muffin, and a cup of low-fat milk for a cup of low-fat milk, and one other item
breakfast. About how many grams of for breakfast. He had about 21 grams of
protein did Gina have at breakfast? protein. What was the third item Pablo had
for breakfast?

______ ______

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

134 Standards Practice Book, pp. P65–P66
 Lesson 3.8
Name
Add Decimals
Essential Question How can place value help you add decimals?

UNLOCK the Problem

Henry recorded the amount of rain that fell over 2 hours.
In the first hour, Henry measured 2.35 centimeters of rain.
In the second hour, he measured 1.82 centimeters of rain.

Henry estimated that about 4 centimeters of rain fell in 2 hours.

What is the total amount of rain that fell? How can you use
this estimate to decide if your answer is reasonable?

Add. 2.35 1 1.82

• Add the hundredths first.

5 hundredths 1 2 hundredths 5 _ hundredths.

• Then add the tenths and ones. Regroup as needed.
2.35
3 tenths 1 8 tenths 5 _ tenths. Regroup. 1 1.82
__
2 ones 1 1 one 1 1 regrouped one 5 _ ones.
• Record the sum for each place value.

Draw a quick picture to check your work.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you know

when you need to regroup in a
decimal addition problem.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

So, _ centimeters of rain fell.

Since _ is close to the estimate, 4, the answer is reasonable.

Chapter 3 135
Equivalent Decimals When adding decimals, you can use equivalent
decimals to help keep the numbers aligned in each place. Add zeros to
the right of the last digit as needed, so that the addends have the same
number of decimal places.

Try This! Estimate. Then find the sum.

STEP 1 STEP 2

Estimate the sum. Find the sum.

Add the hundredths first.

20.4 + 13.76
Then, add the tenths, ones, and tens.
Regroup as needed.
Estimate: 20 + 14 5 _

2 0. 4 0 Think: 20.4 5 20.40

+ 1 3. 7 6

20.40 1 13.76 5 __

• Is your answer reasonable? Explain.

Share and ShowN

Estimate. Then find the sum.

1. Estimate: _ 2. Estimate: _ 3. Estimate: _

2.5 8.75 2.03
+ 4.6
__ + 6.43
__ + 7.89
__ © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. Estimate: _ 5. Estimate: _
6.34 1 3.8 5 __ 5.63 1 2.6 5 __
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why it is important

to remember to line up the place
values in each number when adding or
subtracting decimals.

136
 Name

On Your OwnN
Estimate. Then find the sum.

6. Estimate: _ 7. Estimate: _ 8. Estimate: _

12.3 19.2 6.8
+ 4.9
__ +
__12.68 +
_ 7.4

9. Estimate: _ 10. Estimate: _ 11. Estimate: _

7.86 1 2.9 5 __ 4.3 1 2.49 5 __ 9.95 1 0.47 5 __

Find the sum.

12. seven and twenty-five hundredths added 13. twelve and eight hundredths added
to nine and four tenths to four and thirty-five hundredths

14. nineteen and seven tenths added 15. one and eighty-two hundredths added
to four and ninety-two hundredths to fifteen and eight tenths
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Practice: Copy and Solve Find the sum.

16. 7.99 1 8.34 17. 15.76 1 8.2 18. 9.6 1 5.49

19. 33.5 1 16.4 20. 9.84 1 21.52 21. 3.89 1 4.6

22. 42.19 1 8.8 23. 16.74 1 5.34 24. 27.58 1 83.9

Chapter 3 • Lesson 8 137

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

UNLOCK the Problem

25. A city receives an average rainfall of 16.99 centimeters
in August. One year, during the month of August, it had
rained 8.33 centimeters by August 15th. Then it rained
another 4.65 centimeters through the end of the month.
What was the total rainfall in centimeters for the month?

A 3.68 centimeters
B 4.68 centimeters
C 12.98 centimeters
D 13.98 centimeters

a. What do you need to find?

b. What information are you given?

c. How will you use addition to find the total number of centimeters
of rain that fell?

d. Show how you solved the problem. e. Fill in the bubble for the correct answer
choice above.

26. Tania measured the growth of her plant 27. Maggie had $35.13. Then her mom
each week. The first week, the plant’s height gave her $7.50 for watching her
measured 2.65 decimeters. During the second younger brother. How much money © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
week, Tania’s plant grew 0.38 decimeter. does Maggie have now?
How tall was Tania’s plant at the end of the
second week?

A 2.27 decimeters A $31.63

B 3.03 decimeters B $32.63
C 3.23 decimeters C $41.63
D 3.93 decimeters D $42.63

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

138 Standards Practice Book, pp. P67–P68
 Lesson 3.9
Name
Subtract Decimals
Essential Question How can place value help you subtract decimals?

UNLOCK the Problem

Hannah has 3.36 kilograms of apples and
2.28 kilograms of oranges. Hannah estimates she • What operation will you use to solve
the problem?
has about 1 more kilogram of apples than oranges.
How many more kilograms of apples than oranges
does Hannah have? How can you use this estimate
• Circle Hannah’s estimate to check that
to decide if your answer is reasonable? your answer is reasonable.

Subtract. 3.36 2 2.28

• Subtract the hundredths first. If there are not enough

hundredths, regroup 1 tenth as 10 hundredths.

_ hundredths 2 8 hundredths 5 8 hundredths

• Then subtract the tenths and ones. Regroup as needed.
3.36
_ tenths 2 2 tenths 5 0 tenths
−
__2.28
_ ones 2 2 ones 5 1 one
• Record the difference for each place value.

Draw a quick picture to check your work.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

So, Hannah has __ more kilograms of apples than oranges.

Since __ is close to 1, the answer is reasonable. MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you know

when to regroup in a decimal
subtraction problem.

Chapter 3 139
Try This! Use addition to check.
Since subtraction and addition are inverse operations, you can
check subtraction by adding.

STEP 1 STEP 2
Find the difference. Check your answer.

Subtract the hundredths first. Add the difference to the number

you subtracted. If the sum matches
Then, subtract the tenths, ones, the number you subtracted from,
and tens. Regroup as needed. your answer is correct.

← difference

+ 8.63
__ ← number subtracted
1 4 . 2 ← number subtracted from
2 8 . 6 3

• Is your answer correct? Explain.

Share and Show

Estimate. Then find the difference.

1. Estimate: _ 2. Estimate: _ 3. Estimate: _

5.83 4.45 4.03
−2.18
__ −1.86
__ −2.25
__
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Find the difference. Check your answer.

4.
0.70 5. 13.2 6. 15.8
− 0.43
__ −
__8.04 − 9.67
__

140
 Name

On Your Own
Estimate. Then find the difference.

7. Estimate: _ 8. Estimate: _ 9. Estimate: _

4.08 13.54 19.64
−1.74
__ − 6.7
__ − 8.12
__

Find the difference. Check your answer.

10. 16.05 11. 7.3 12. 21.4

− 1.5
__ −
_ 5.4 − 16.97
__

Find the difference.

13. three and seventy-two hundredths subtracted 14. one and six hundredths subtracted from eight
from five and eighty-one hundredths and thirty-two hundredths

Algebra Write the unknown number for n.

15. 5.28 2 3.4 5 n 16. n 2 6.47 5 4.32 17. 11.57 2 n 5 7.51

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

n 5 ___ n 5 ___ n 5 ___

Practice: Copy and Solve Find the difference.

18. 8.42 2 5.14 19. 16.46 2 13.87 20. 34.27 2 17.51

21. 15.83 2 11.45 22. 12.74 2 10.54 23. 48.21 213.65

Chapter 3 • Lesson 9 141

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

UNLOCK the Problem

24. In peanut butter, how many more grams
of protein are there than grams of
carbohydrates? Use the label at the right.

a. What do you need to know? __

b. How will you use subtraction to find how

many more grams of protein there are than
grams of carbohydrates?

c. Show how you solved the problem. d. Complete each sentence.

The peanut butter has _ grams

of protein.

The peanut butter has _ grams

of carbohydrates.

There are _ more grams of protein

than grams of carbohydrates in the
peanut butter.

25. Kyle is building a block tower. Right now the 158.7 centimeters tall. Her
26. Test Prep Allie is
tower stands 0.89 meter tall. How much younger brother is 9.53 centimeters shorter
higher does the tower need to be to reach a than she is. How tall is Allie’s younger brother?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

height of 1.74 meters?

A 159.27 centimeters
B 159.23 centimeters
C 149.27 centimeters
D 149.17 centimeters

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

142 Standards Practice Book, pp. P69–P70
 ALGEBRA
Name
Lesson 3.10
Patterns with Decimals
Essential Question How can you use addition or subtraction to describe
a pattern or create a sequence with decimals?

UNLOCK the Problem

A state park rents canoes for guests to use at the lake. It costs
$5.00 to rent a canoe for 1 hour, $6.75 for 2 hours, $8.50 for
3 hours, and $10.25 for 4 hours. If this pattern continues, how
much should it cost Jason to rent a canoe for 7 hours?

A sequence is an ordered list of numbers. A term is each

number in a sequence. You can find the pattern in a sequence
by comparing one term with the next term.

STEP 1

Write the terms you know in a sequence. Then look for a pattern
by finding the difference from one term in the sequence to the next.

1 $1.75 difference between terms

$5.00 $6.75 $8.50 $10.25

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
1 hour 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours

STEP 2

Write a rule that describes the pattern in the sequence.

Rule: ________

STEP 3

Extend the sequence to solve the problem.

$5.00, $6.75, $8.50, $10.25, __ , __ , __

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

So, it should cost __ to rent a canoe for 7 hours.

• What observation can you make about the pattern in the

sequence that will help you write a rule?

Chapter 3 143
 Example Write a rule for the pattern in the sequence.
Then find the unknown terms in the sequence.

29.6, 28.3, 27, 25.7, _ , _ , _ , 20.5, 19.2

STEP 1 Look at the first few terms in the sequence.

Think: Is the sequence increasing or decreasing
from one term to the next?

STEP 2 Write a rule that describes the pattern in the sequence.

What operation can be used to describe a sequence that increases?

___
What operation can be used to describe a sequence that decreases?

___
Rule: ________

STEP 3 Use your rule to find the unknown terms.

Then complete the sequence above.

• Explain how you know whether your rule for a sequence

would involve addition or subtraction.

Try This!

A Write a rule for the sequence. Then find the

unknown term.

65.9, 65.3, _ , 64.1, 63.5, 62.9

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Rule: _______

B Write the first four terms of the sequence.

Rule: start at 0.35, add 0.15

_, _, _, _

144
 Name

Share and Show

Write a rule for the sequence.

1. 0.5, 1.8, 3.1, 4.4, … 2. 23.2, 22.1, 21, 19.9, …

Think: Is the sequence increasing or decreasing?

Rule: Rule:

Write a rule for the sequence. Then find the unknown term.

3. 31.5, 25.2, 18.9, _ , 6.3 4. 0.25, 0.75, _ , 1.75, 2.25

Rule: Rule:

5. 0.3, 1.5, _ , 3.9, 5.1 6. 19.5, 18.8, 18.1, 17.4, _

Rule: Rule:

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

What operation, other

than addition, suggests an increase
from one term to the next?

On Your Own
Write a rule for the sequence. Then find the unknown term.

7. 1.8, 4.1, _ , 8.7, 11 8. 6.85, 5.73, 4.61, _ , 2.37

Rule: Rule:

9. 33.4, _ , 28.8, 26.5, 24.2 10. 15.9, 16.1, 16.3, _ , 16.7

Rule: Rule:
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Write the first four terms of the sequence.

11. Rule: start at 10.64, subtract 1.45 12. Rule: start at 0.87, add 2.15

_, _, _, _ _, _, _, _

13. Rule: start at 19.3, add 1.8 14. Rule: start at 29.7, subtract 0.4

_, _, _, _ _, _, _, _

Chapter 3 • Lesson 10 145

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Pose a Problem
15. Bren has a deck of cards. As shown below, each card is labeled with
a rule describing a pattern in a sequence. Select a card and decide
on a starting number. Use the rule to write the first five terms in
your sequence.

Add Add Add Add Add

1.6 0.33 6.5 0.25 1.15

Sequence: _ , _, _, _, _
Write a problem that relates to your sequence and requires the
sequence be extended to solve.

Pose a Problem Solve your problem.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

• Explain how you solved your problem.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

146 Standards Practice Book, pp. P71–P72
 PROBLEM SOLVING
Name
Lesson 3.11
Problem Solving • Add and Subtract Money
Essential Question How can the strategy make a table help you
organize and keep track of your bank account balance?

UNLOCK the Problem

At the end of May, Mrs. Freeman had an account balance of
$442.37. Since then, she has written a check for $63.92 and made
a deposit of $350.00. Mrs. Freeman says she has $729.45 in her
account. Make a table to determine if Mrs. Freeman is correct.

Read the Problem Solve the Problem

What do I need to find?
Mrs. Freeman’s Checkbook
I need to find
May balance $442.37

Check $63.92 2$63.92

What information do I need to use?

Deposit $350.00
I need to use the

How will I use the information?

–
I need to make a table and use the information to
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Mrs. Freeman’s correct balance is __.

1. How can you tell if your answer is reasonable? _______

Chapter 3 147
 Try Another Problem
Nick is buying juice for himself and 5 friends.
Each bottle of juice costs $1.25. How much
does 6 bottles of juice cost? Make a table to
find the cost of 6 bottles of juice.

Use the graphic below to solve the problem.

Read the Problem Solve the Problem

What do I need to find?

What information do I need to use?

How will I use the information?

So, the total cost of 6 bottles of juice

is ___.

2. What if Ginny says that 12 bottles of juice cost $25.00? Is Ginny’s

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
statement reasonable? Explain.

3. If Nick had $10, how many bottles of juice could he buy?

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you

could use another strategy to
solve this problem.

148
 Name

Share and Show

1. Sara wants to buy a bottle of apple juice from a vending machine.
She needs exactly $2.30. She has the following bills and coins:

Make and complete a table to find all the

ways Sara could pay for the juice.

First, draw a table with a column for

each type of bill or coin.

Next, fill in your table with each row

showing a different way Sara can
make exactly $2.30.

2. What if Sara decides to buy a bottle of 3. At the end of August, Mr. Diaz had a balance
water that costs $1.85? What are all the of $441.62. Since then, he has written two
different ways she can make exactly checks for $157.34 and $19.74 and made a
$1.85 with the bills and coins she has? deposit of $575.00. Mr. Diaz says his balance
Which coin must Sara use? is $739.54. Find Mr. Diaz’s correct balance.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Chapter 3 • Lesson 11 149

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense
On Your Own
Use the following information to solve 4–7.
At Open Skate Night, admission is $3.75 with a
membership card and $5.00 without a membership
card. Skate rentals are $3.00.

4. Aidan paid the admission for himself and two

friends at Open Skate Night. Aidan had a
membership card, but his friends did not. Aidan
paid with a $20 bill. How much change should
Aidan receive?

5. The Moores and Cotters were at Open Skate

Night. The Moores paid $6 more for skate rentals
than the Cotters did. Together, the two families
paid $30 for skate rentals. How many pairs of
skates did the Moores rent?

6. Jennie and 5 of her friends are going

to Open Skate Night. Jennie does not have a
membership card. Only some of her friends
have membership cards. What is the total
amount that Jennie and her friends might
pay for admission?

7. Test Prep Sean and Hope each have a

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

membership card for Open Skate Night. Sean

has his own skates, but Hope will have to rent
skates. Sean gives the clerk $15 for their
admission and skate rental. How much change
should he receive?

A $3.50 C $5.00

B $4.50 D $6.50

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

150 Standards Practice Book, pp. P73–P74
 Lesson 3.12
Name
Choose a Method
Essential Question Which method could you choose to find decimal
sums and differences?

UNLOCK the Problem

At a track meet, Steven entered the long jump.
His jumps were 2.25 meters, 1.81 meters, and • Underline the sentence that tells you
what you are trying to find.
3.75 meters. What was the total distance Steven
jumped? • Circle the numbers you need to use.
• What operation will you use?
To find decimal sums, you can use properties and
mental math or you can use paper and pencil.

One Way Use properties and mental math.

Add. 2.25 1 1.81 1 3.75

2.25 + 1.81 + 3.75

= 2.25 + 3.75 + 1.81 Commutative Property

= ( _ + _ ) + 1.81 Associative Property

= _ + 1.81
=_

Another Way Use place-value.

Add. 2.25 1 1.81 1 3.75

2.25
1.81
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

+ 3.75

So, the total distance Steven jumped was __ meters. MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why you

might choose to use the
properties to solve this problem.

Chapter 3 151
Try This!
In 1924, William DeHart Hubbard won a gold medal with
a long jump of 7.44 meters. In 2000, Roman Schurenko won the
bronze medal with a jump of 8.31 meters. How much longer was
Schurenko’s jump than Hubbard’s?

A Use place-value. B Use a calculator.

8 3 1
8. 3 1 7 4 4
− 7. 4 4

So, Schurenko’s jump was __ meter longer than Hubbard’s.

• Explain why you cannot use the Commutative Property or the

Associative Property to find the difference between two decimals.

Share and ShowN

Find the sum or difference.

1. 4.19 + 0.58 2. 9.99 − 4.1 3. 5.7 + 2.25 + 1.3

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. 28.6 − 9.84 5. $15.79 + $32.81 6. 38.44 − 25.86

152
 Name

On Your OwnN
Find the sum or difference.

7.
$18.39 8. 8.22 − 4.39 9. 93.6 − 79.84 10. 1.82
+
__$ 7.56 2.28
+ 2.18
__

11.
2.35 12. 5.16 13. 15.3 14. 2.64
−
__0.16 +
__4.54 −
__6.53 +
__8.41

Practice: Copy and Solve Find the sum or difference.

15. 6.3 1 2.98 1 7.7 16. 27.96 2 16.2 17. 12.63 1 15.04 18. 9.24 2 2.68

19. $18 2 $3.55 20. 9.73 2 2.52 21. $54.78 1 $43.62 22. 7.25 1 0.25 1 1.5

23. 14.56 2 7.8 24. 3.35 1 1.4 1 3.65 25. $22.50 2 $8.99 26. 9.77 1 5.54

Algebra Find the missing number.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

27. n − 9.02 = 3.85 28. n + 31.53 = 62.4 29. 9.2+ n + 8.4 = 20.8

n = ___ n = ___ n = ___

Chapter 3 • Lesson 12 153
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table to solve 30–32.
2008 Men’s Olympic
30. How much farther did the gold medal winner Long Jump Results
jump than the silver medal winner? Medal Distance (in meters)
Gold 8.34
Silver 8.24
31. The fourth-place
competitor’s jump measured 8.19 meters. Bronze 8.20
If his jump had been 0.10 meter greater, what
medal would he have received?
Explain how you solved the problem.

32. In the 2004 Olympics, the gold medalist

for the men’s long jump had a jump of
8.59 meters. How much farther did the
2004 gold medalist jump compared to the
2008 gold medalist?

33. Jake cuts a length of 1.12 meters from a

3-meter board. How long is the board now?

34. Test Prep In the long jump, Danny’s first

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attempt was 5.47 meters. His second attempt

was 5.63 meters. How much farther did
Danny jump on his second attempt than on
his first?

A 11.1 meters C 5.16 meters

B 10.1 meters D 0.16 meter

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

154 Standards Practice Book, pp. P75–P76
 Name

Chapter Review/Test
→ Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Choose the best term from the box.

1. If one hundredth is divided into ten equal parts, each part is sequence
term
one __ . (p. 105)
thousandth
2. An ordered list of numbers is called a __ . (p. 143)

→ Concepts and Skills

3. Explain how the value of a decimal changes as you move to the left
or the right in a place-value chart.

Write the place value of the underlined digit. Round each number to the
place of the underlined digit.

4. 0.735 5. 9.283 6. 4.079

Find the sum or difference.

7. $12.87 2 $5.75 8. $32.64 1 $18.78 9. 9.28 2 0.54

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10. 14.36 1 7.87 11. 10.05 2 6.38 12. 3.25 1 6.75 1 8.75

GO Assessment Options
Online Chapter Test
Chapter 3 155
Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

13. Doug bought a pair of sneakers for $47.82 and a shirt for $13.36.
If Doug had $100 before his purchase, about how much money
does Doug have left now?

A $29.00
B $39.00
C $48.00
D $61.00

14. Since September, Mrs. Bishop has written a check for $178.23
and made a deposit of $363.82. Her balance was $660.00.
Which amount should Mrs. Bishop’s checkbook balance
show now?

A $481.77
B $483.77
C $845.59
D $847.59

15. Helen earns $12 each weekend babysitting her brother. After
the third weekend, Helen buys a new CD for $12.48. How much
money does Helen have left after buying the CD?

A $36.00
B $24.00
C $23.52
D $11.52

16. Morgan jogged 51.2 kilometers one week. Karen jogged

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53.52 kilometers the same week. How many more kilometers

did Karen jog that week than Morgan?

A 48.4 kilometers
B 12.3 kilometers
C 2.32 kilometers
D 2.3 kilometers

156
 Name

17. Angelo measured the amount of rain that fell on July 14th. His rain
gauge recorded 1.54 centimeters. If 1.73 centimeters fell between
July 1st and July 13th, which model shows the total amount of rain
that fell from July 1st through July 14th?

18. The Ruby Throated Hummingbird has an average weight of

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just 4.253 grams. What is its average weight rounded to

the nearest tenth?

A 4.3 grams
B 4.253 grams
C 4.25 grams
D 4.2 grams

Chapter 3 157
→ Constructed Response
19. The Smiths are on a summer road trip. They travel 10.9 hours
the first day, 8.6 hours the second day, and 12.4 hours the final
day. About how may hours does the Smith family travel over the
3-day trip?

Explain how you found your answer.

→ Performance Task
20. The prices for different beverages and snacks at a snack stand
Park Snacks
in a park are shown in the table.
Item Price
A Blair buys a pretzel and fruit juice. Jen buys popcorn and iced tea.
Fruit Juice $0.89
Find the difference between the cost of the snacks Blair buys and
Iced Tea $1.29
the cost of the snacks Jen buys.
Lemonade $1.49
Pretzel $2.50
Popcorn $1.25

B For which two beverages is the difference between the prices the
greatest? What is the difference?

C What if a frosty beverage was being added to the menu that would
cost $0.20 more than the fruit juice? How much would the frosty
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beverage cost? Explain how you can determine the cost by using
mental math.

158