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Class Xii Physics

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Class Xii Physics

Uploaded by

robinaaspirant
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS SYLLABUS

CLASS XII
THEORY

Unit I: Electrostatics
Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-force between two-point charges,
forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field
due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely
long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical
shell (field inside and outside).
Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and
system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two-point
charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.
Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and
electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in
parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between
the plates, energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).

Unit II: Current Electricity.


Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their
relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V- I characteristics (linear and
non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature
dependence of resistance, internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell,
combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff ’s laws and simple applications,
Wheatstone bridge.

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism


Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. Biot - Savart law and its application to current
carrying circular loop.
Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight solenoids (only
qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Force
on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel
current-carrying conductors - definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in a
magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil
galvanometer- its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. Bar magnet,
bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field intensity due
to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative
treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field
(qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines.
Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia-, and ferro- magnetic substances with examples,
Magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents


Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced EMF and current; Lenz’s Law, Self and
mutual induction.
Alternating currents, relation between peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage;
reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasor only), resonance (without sharpness of
resonace); power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. AC generator and transformer

Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves


Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves: their characteristics, transverse
nature (qualitative ideas only).
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays,
gamma -rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Unit VI: Optics


Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection
and optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker’s
formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction and
dispersion of light through a prism.
Optical instruments: Microscope and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and
their magnifying powers.
Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens’ principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a
plane surface using wavefronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’
principle.
Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation
final expression only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light.
Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum (qualitative treatment only).
Polarisation, plane polarised light; uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids.
Unit VlI: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s
observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation - particle nature of light. Experimental study of
photoelectric effect. Matter waves — wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation (expression
only).

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei


Alpha - particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model of hydrogen
atom, Expression for radius, velocity and energy of possible nth orbit (No derivation), energy
levels, hydrogen spectrum (qualitative treatment only).
Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones, nuclear force.
Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass
number; nuclear fission (without Nuclear reactor) and fusion.

Unit IX: Electronic Devices


Energy bands in conductors, insulators and semiconductors (qualitative ideas only), intrinsic
and extrinsic semiconductors-p and n type, p-n junction.
Semiconductor diode — I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier.

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