FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020

COME AT
ME, ophtha!
FEU-NRMF PGI
Batch 2019-2020
Ophtha FEU-NRMF Board Review JUEN 2020
These were from the last Ophtha PGI Review we had with Doc Fermin & the
Ophtha Residents. Included is the printer-friendly-Zoom-SCREEN-SHOT -painful (internal hordeolum or acute chalazion) -> palpebral
. powerpoint, & super very few notes from Jimeno trans & some other few conjunctiva
sources. The rest were her discussion & pictures ( the ones in the pics are
exactly how she emphasized them, so no notes needed xD).
This was done at thevery last minuteso please excuse the How to know if external or internal? you know how in eyeliners you
grammar errors. Happy Studying! #we-will-all-pass look for gray line in the eye, If mass is anterior to gray line,
Basic Eye Anatomy & its Diseases eyelashes, skin -
Samplex questions at the end!
the )
-> May give topical antibiotics
Chronic form -- Chalazion
Pre-septal cellulits ( on pic) -> -> reddish -> give anti stastaph (
cloxacillin, co-amox) to reduce inflammation Topical:
aminoglycoside- tobra, fluorquinolone - , moxifloxacin and
chloramphenicol
EYELIDS

I. Eyelids

Tarsal plate: gives form and rigidity

Meibomian glands
Upper eyelids: 30-40 glands -> sebum oil and water
Lower lid: 20 glands
Eyelashes: 100 eyelashes
If cut it regrows within 2 weeks
If pulled, regrow within 4 weeks Eyelids: space bet. Upper and lower eyelid: aperture: measure of
TEAR FILM vertical height: 8-11 mm
responsible for hydration of the surface of the eyes. Horizontal: 27-30 mm
NOTE: Luha ang naghhydrate sa surface ng eyes -> Has Lateral canthus & medial canthus
hindi aqueous humor
Caruncle: Fleshy mass, middle canthus
artificial tears or eye drops only mimic the tears and they
are not used to treat eye infections Plica semilunaris: Redundant tissue:
GLANDS OF ZEIS GLANDS OF MOLL
sebaceous gland apocrine gland
has lipid secretions has lipid secretions

MEIBOMIAN GLAND KRAUSE'S GLAND

modified sweat glands accessory lacrimal gland CN 7 -> orbicularis oculi muscle
produces tears produces tears or the fluid
-> nerve supply: facial , coz pag nagkikiss kayo pumpikit kayo, kasi
has lipid secretions component of tears
same nerve innervation nya. if not 7th nerve palsy
NOTE: Meibomian Gland, Gland of Zeis, and Gland of Moll all
have lipid secretions to prevent the conjuntiva from dehydration.
Kasi makati ang conjuctiva kapag dehydrated. Ptosis: abnormal position of upper lid

CHALAZION
Chalazion: kulite, it is a CHRONIC &
PAINLESS, no sings of infection.
Like bukol lng
-> lipogranulomatous lesion.
Gradually enlarging painless nodule
-> sometimes no treatment, but
treat when persistent
-> Persistent lesions may be treated

FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 1

 FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020

Horner: triad: ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

Myogenic: muscle problem in levator muscle/ MG (myasthenia
gravis) problem in neuromuscular junction
-congenital or acquired

Clinical evaluation: History (age, onset, duration)

-> congenital ptosis: ina-angat nila eyebrow, to compensate for the
drooping eyelid to lift the upper lid

Measurement using the Corneal light reflex ( Bottom left pic):

margin lid reflex: normal 4mm to the corneal light reflex
-> to see the amount of ptosis ->
marginal lid reflex distance 1: distance of upper lid to the corneal -beefy red color conjunctiva, lots of muta-> mucopurulent eye
light reflex discharge
marginal lid reflex distance 2: distance of lower lid to the corneal RED EYE AND DISCHARGE
light reflex

Itching? -> May indicate Allergy

Viral infection: associated with urti, fever, other skin lesions
STD? Gonococcal: sexual hx
Toxicity: excessive use of antibiotics
Foreign body> gumagasgas sa bulbar conjunctiva

Brow suspension/frontalis sling: frontalis muscle, hooked to

orbicularis oculi -> sling, using a fascia lata, used for:
congenital ptosis
CONJUNCTIVA

Serous/watery eye discharge: adenovirus, allergy or toxicity

Mucoid, stringy and ropy: seen in Keratoconjuctivitis: males in
puberty
Cobblestone conjunctivitis in palpebral conjuctiva: if with history of
allergy
Mucopurulent Eye Discharge: From toxic agents or chlamydia ->
hemophilus, staph, steph, Moraxella, gonorrhea
Matted Eye lashes: purulent, dikit dikit eye lashes.

LACRIMAL SYSTEM

surface of the eyelid (palpebral conjunctiva) and the

anterior surface of the sclera (bulbar conjunctiva)
mposed of 2-5 layers of stratified columnar epithelial cells
ins glands which help in ocular lubrication Opening: punctum at lower lid, and also in upper lid
↳
- -

drains in
Inferior
meatus
FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 2
 FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020

Where tears are drained: lacrimal gland 2 parts: Corneal endothelium; type of epithelium? k
Orbital part & Palpebral part -> produce tears , drains to ampulla, SIMPLE squamous EPITHELIUM
vertical orientation 2mm, then horizontal canaliculus , lower and
upper canaliculi: 8mm, -> meet at common canaliculus, then Cornea ( external): SSNon-Keratinized Epithelium
lacrimal sac, drain going to valve of Hasner corneal epithelium? stratified epithelium
Drainage of tears: go to inferior meatus Cornea outside- - simple

Causes of Tearing: Epiphora: sign of overflow of tears

-
: newest layer: located between corneal stroma and
Hypersecretion: ocular inflammation layer
Defective drainage: malposition (due to aging,lax muscle, nawawala Corneal ulcer:
sa position punctum), , obstruction, lacrimal pump failure
SCLERA

Layers of the sclera:

÷
1. Episclera
2. Sclera proper Not clear- -> , may be a result of contact lens
3. Lamina fusca wear (poor hygiene?)
-Has scanty vascular supply, -> but episcleral tissue has numerous Blue(bottom left pic): dendritic lesion, viral keratitis.
vessels Corneal foreign body ( bottom right) : 2ndary to welding, etc
SCLERITIS: -> perforated cornea: iris prolapsed
hyphema: Blood in anterior chamber
Hypopyon: pus in ant chamber
Corneal Abrasion: Instill a cobalt
blue dye- ->
turns yellow
Prolapsed iris ( bottom pic)

Types: Diffuse/ Nodular/ Necrotizing 3 layer of eyeball: fibrous, vascular,

CORNEA and nervous
Fibrous coat: external corneal and sclera
Vascular Layer: Iris, ciliary body and choroid

Uveal tract: IRIS:

→ dehydration
-thicker at the limbus ( location where cornea and sclera meets),
thinner at the center. Has uniformly arrangement of collagen fibers
-Gets nutrition form vessels of limbus, aqueous and tears,
atmosphere. It is clear because it is avascular
Deturgesence: state of dehydration. The cornea is dry. If swollen->
will turn white.
Blood Supply: Major circle of the iris
Layers of Cornea:
Iris: colored portion of eye, depend on melanin content
CIRCULAR MUSCLES RADIAL MUSCLES
aka sphincter pupillae or aka Dilator pupillae muscle
constrictor pupillae muscle innervated by sympathetic nerves
innervated by parasympathetic (C8 and T1)
nerves (specifically CN 3 NOTE: Any destruction in C8 and
ciliary ganglion) T1 will result to
Horner's Syndrome

FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 3

 FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020

CILIARY BODY
PUPILS:
Pupils: regulates light that enter eye
PERRLA: Pupils Equal Round Round Reactive to Light and Dark
Accommodation
Flash light test= normal reaction is pupillary light constriction
Dark= takes a while to adapt to light
Light= cones, dark= rods
Reading= during accommodation, pupils should constrict
Pupillary Reaction:
Ciliary process: secrete aqueous humor, the NON-PIGMENT part
ACCOMODATION:

Consensual light reflex: check reaction of other pupil

Swinging flash light test: to check when there

dysfunction : REPD (Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect) ->
poor vision due to an optic nerve problem
DAMN
NEAR /duomo
ciliary m . content If eye is accommodating: zonular fibers become taut and the AP diameter of
•

constrict lens increases so we can read

•
pupil LENS WILL THICKEN
^
TAP diameter increases the refractive power of the lens
All objects including the eyes have the capability to bend
routes relax
-
light, regardless if an object is opaque or transparent.

lens convex
•
/
How do you thicken the lens in order to increase
-> ptosis, where to observe the difference in pupil size? spherical its refractive power? Loosen the zonular
-> if in the dark: appreciated better ligaments by contracting the ciliary muscle
Anisocoria: greater in dim light-> difference of 2 mm or more them =
24 26mm
-

Confirmatory test for : drops of cocaine in each Presbyopia aka Old-sightedness

-Loss of accommodation due to aging
eye
- NOT part of error of refraction, physiologic
EOR: astigmatism, myo/hyper
Lenses become inelastic beginning 14y/o
becomes very evident by 40 y/o
images may fall behind or in front of the retina
Causes:
a. inelastic lens
b. denaturation of the proteins of the lens
NOTE: The lens are capable of thinning and thickening
if the lens is inelastic, it will not easily thicken or thin out
***decrease elasticity-> will decrease the refractive power of the lens -> lens
Accomodates but does not react when flash light, direct light will not be able to bend light rays immediately
Management: BIFOCAL or PROGRESSIVE LENS
response, it does not react-> steady reaction only. But when ask
MYOPIA CORRECTION HYPEROPIA CORRECTION
patient to read near objects-> pupil constricts because of the dorsal Cause of Myopia: Cause of Hyperopia:
location (dorsal midbrain). a. Too strong lens a. Weak lens
->It depends on location of defect/lesion, coz the center for direct b. Long Eyeball b. Short Eyeball
light response is located dorsally. NOTE: Kaya lumalapit ang patient Management: BICONVEX LENS
And the center for near response is located ventrally sa object kasi Biconvex lens ang ibigay mo para
-Caused by neurosyphilis diverging palang yung light i-converge na nia
-bilateral but asymmetrical: pupils are smaller (less than 2 mm) and Management: BICONCAVE LENS agad yung light rays
Biconcave lens ang ibigay mo
irregular (+) light near dissolution
para mag-diverge
-> Impt to elicit history of STD muna ang light bago mag-converge
Refractive
404
comin
aqueous humor FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 4
lens
without humor
 FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020
vascular part of eye
✓
CHOROID:
ASTIGMATISM
- problem is in the CORNEA
Cause:
a. Uneven curvature of the cornea b. Oblong-shaped cornea
Since uneven ang cornea, kung saan-saan na din narerefract
yung light. Remember, the refractive media that will greatly
refract light is the cornea
Management: CYLINDRICAL LENS or CONTACT LENS
NOTE: Contact lenses may be given so that the cornea will
become even. Kasi ang magrerefract na ng light will be the
contact lens Choroid: nutritive layer of eye
Nourish outer layer of retina

LENS

Sudden onset of Blurring of Vision: eye pain,

Steamy cornea with dilated pupil, and with injection
Diagnosis: glaucoma
AQUEOUS PATHWAY
I

Lens: Simple cuboidal epithelium

Total diopter (refractive power of eye):60 diopters
Lens:19-20 , cornea 40 diopters

% 4 refractive medium of eyes: cornea, aqueous humor, lens and

vitreous humor
-> lens should accommodate to facilitate clear vision
-> Aqueous pathway: major route of drainage: thru trabecular
meshwork Cataract:
Trabecular meshwork: 40-45 degrees
-angle closure: dumidikit uung root ng iris to cornea, so no drain,
kaya angle closure-> increase pressure in eyes -> forward
displacement, cataract that pushes iris forward. Mass or lesion that Afhopurinl -
causes cataract

Pushes iris forward =

GLAUCOMA:

Diabetes -> inc blood sugar level -> prone for cataract at young age
radiation: .01 rod, to have cataract , mga 200 grams of
rod

Normal intraocular pressure: -> 10-21 mm Hg

Glaucoma: irreversible -> will not go to normal vision

IF PATIENT presents with blurring of vision, ipsilateral headache, and

vomiting -> -> angle closure glaucoma
Immature: if not all lens fibers have opacity
Mature: if all lens fibers whitish already or with opacity
Hypermature: The nucleus in the middle is floating already
Nuclear cataract: most common

FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 5

 FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020

Senile nuclear cataract: due to becoming old ->if not 20/20 -> do pinhole test -> eliminates light rays coming from
Posterior subcapsular: due to diabetes, or medications -> younger different meridian, parallel to visual axis
patients -> with GLARE like nasisilaw, but affects only posterior Squinting eyes: pinhole effect-> do slit lamp exam
Artificial lens-> IOL -> may have dirt -> cleaned through laser Macular integritiy, 2-point discrimination
surgery -> cataract will never go back Fundus: intraocular pressure
Gonioscopy: for angles
TYPES OF CATARACT: MANAGEMENT:

2nd sight phenomenon: Oldies who had bad vision, suddenly are
able to see close objects-> bigla nakakalagay sinulid sa karayom
Mature cataract: patient become myopic

ICCE: remove the entire lens

ECCE: remove the anterior capsule, remove cortex and nucleus, the
posterior capsule is left where you put intraocular lens
Surgery:

Cortical cataract: spoke-like Outermost layer of lens->

Glare: gets silaw sa light->, halos around light Anterior capsulotomy: remove ant capsule, cortex and nucleus,
-> has monocular diplopia: double vision , using 1 eye, double leaving posterior capsule , then place IOL, put on top of posterior
nakikita ng patient due to cataract, displaced lens, high astigmatism capsule
Laser aka Phacoemulsification: you emulsify lens using ultrasound->
If binocular diplopia: both eyes open, double vision-> neuro problem make small incision, leaving posterior capsule behind then insert
foldable lens , smaller incision compared to manual extraction
Manual extraction: need to close with sutures
Phacoemulsification: since small, no need to do sutures

VITREOUS:

Vitreous: last refractive medium: clear and has a gelatinous body

Evaluation of patients with Cataract: 99% water, 1% hyaluronic acid and collagen
-Visual Acuity of patient
NUMERATOR is the test subject. Vitreous hemorrhage due to trauma
NOTE: The test subject should be 20ft away from the Snellen's Chart photo bottom right:
The numerator represents the distance of the test subject from the Ultrasound: vscan: Funnel shaped:
Snellen's Chart retinal detachment, but attached
DENOMINATOR is the distance in which a normal pa din sa optic nerve
person can read the particular letter

FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 6

 FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020

RETINA:
Retinopathy: loss of pericytes and weakening of the membrane
-> grow vessels
1st pic: microaneursym at posterior pole
Fluorescent angiography: checks stability of vessels
Bottom Left: exudates:
With new vessels forming elsewhere -> DM, loss of pericytes,
thickening of capillary membranes, then leak-> ischemia on
surrounding areas-> -> Vascular
endothelial growth factor -> Make new blood vessels-> ->
neovascularization
HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY

Grading
0 - no changes
1 - barely detectable arterial narrowing
2 - obvious narrowing with focal constrictions
3 - grade 2 with exudates and hemorrhages
4 - grade 3 with disc edema
features: focal or generalized arteriolar constriction
Hemorrhages, exudates
RETINAL DETACHMENT:

inw

outer

outer
inner
Blood supply: choriocapillaries
Blood supply of the retina
The inner retina is supplied by the central retinal artery, the branch
of the ophthalmic artery that enters the optic nerve 4 mm posterior
to the eye. The central retinal artery has 4 main branches within the
retina.
Rhegmatoenous-> has retinal teary
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Hx of trauma or myopic patient (long AP diameter, prone to detach)

Non-rhegmatogenous: walang tear

Tractional: formation of retinal bands without tears-> proliferative
diabetic retinopathy: has neurovasularizaiton-> new vessels -> kapit
sa nearby retina -> pull retina so detach

FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 7

 FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020

MACULA:

BONES:

-> Optic disc located nasally; 2-3 disc temporal to optic disc is your
macula
-> has a yellow pigment or xantophyl

Area of the most acute vision: pinaka malinaw

Optic Disc: area of blind spot
MACULA LUTEA FOVEA CENTRALIS
the orange area a depression in the macula lutea
seen in fundoscopy only cones (photoreceptor) are located in this
area of the retina area
with the sharpest NOTE: Cones lang ang makikita sa fovea
vision or the most centralis unlike sa para-foveal areas na both
acute vision rods and cones are present. Cones lang ang
nasa fovea centralis kaya siya most acute vision

ORBITAL WALL:

-> swollen, ink-blot/ smoke-stack appearance,

Bottom pic: -> fluid accumulation
RETINOBLASTOMA:

Lateral wall: thickest part of orbital cavity

Roof: nakapatong brain->fracture-> leak CSF -> brain tissue prolapse
Medial wall: thinnest part of orbital cavity
even if thinnest, why not fractured? Because of ethmoid air cells->
act as cushion
Inferior wall: floor: maxillary, palatine and zygomatic bone -> most
common destroyed due to trauma -> floor fracture
MC fractured: FLOOR
most common fracture location: Left. Most of us are right handed,
so when smacked-> hit left

Think-> cherry red spots

-> treat patient immediately! 45-90 min

FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 8

 FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020

Innervation: LR6, SO4, The rest Occulomotor nerve

INDIRECT OR BLOW OUT FRACTURES Levator palpebrae: closure- 7th nerve
Elevation of eyelid: 3rd nerve

Medial and lateral: adduct/abduct away from midline, both

horizontal muscle
SR: elevate, it adducts the eye, intorsion: pinapasok nya
IR: depress, adducts and Extorts, palabras
SINRAD ior

CN 3, 4, 6 -> diplopia. How to diff the 3?

SO4, LR6! CN 3 - > other eyeball movements + eyelid & pupillary
Indirect or blowout fracture: means 1-2 walls involved, the floor and constriction
medial wall, but the RIM is uninvolved
If oculomotor: eyeballs move down and out
has [1]ptosis (drooping
of eyelid)
[2]Eyeball down and out, [3] dilated pupils

CN4: eyeball is extorted! Superior oblique muscle; inability to move eyeball

downward! Eyes are extorted, looks up!

A- Ecchymosis, left eye, also with subconjunctival hemorrhage CN6: Diplopia eyeball medial deviated coz lateral
B-no abduction on left gaze rectus not working
C- No adduction on right gaze
Orbital Fracture: Motility disorders:

Inward deviation of eye: esotropia

Imaging: fracture and entrapment of medial
Outward deviation: exotropia: manifest deviation
rectus
CT scan: To see bony structure of eye: MRI: soft tissue
not always evident
bony structures
MRI infarct Look at Corneal light reflex, should fall in middle of pupil. So we
CVA: CT scan for hemorrhage
Extraocular Eye Muscles:
Optic nerve: fundus: window to brain

Cup disc ratio: 0.3 with AV ratio of 2-3

-Intraocular portion of the optic nerve
Last division of optic nerve is located intracranially
Sheaths covering the optic nerve (Wini Ong trans):
Pia mater: Dura (outer Meningeal *Myelination
contains the sheath): covering: begins at
blood vessesls; arachnoid matter; 12mm the lamina
divide via continuous w/ posterior to cribrosa
collagen sclera the globe
septa

FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 9

 FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020

4 Divisions: (memorize lengths): ( Discussed- same in Wini ong trans)

1. Intraocular (1-2mm width, 1mm length)
- also known as optic nerve head
- major ophthalmic landmark
2. Intraorbital (3-4mm width, 20-30mm length)
- S-shaped: permit the rotation of the eye so nerve does
not have to stretch
- Longest part
3. Intracanalicular (5 (6)mm long)// (6-9mm in some sources)
- fixed to optic canal d/t dura matter
- 2 structures that accompany: ophthalmic artery
&posterior ganglionic fiber
- Passes a narrow space so most commonly injured
most common site for traumatic optic neuropathy , coz very narrow
4. Intracranial 10mm long (varies,range: 5-16mm)
- short bridge between optic foramen going up the
contralateral chiasm
- vulnerable to lesions d/t variable length

Optic Neuritis-> due to inflammation/infection/ demyelinating

disease
Papilledema: 2ndary to inc ICP -> so note for signs of inc intracranial
pressure to diff it from Optic Neuritis
Visual Field Pathway:

Occipital lobe infarct/ parietal lobe infarct on left: defect is on the

right -> fibers postchiasmal-> run along parallel to each other ->
same side, and vertical defect
Kaya hemianopsia, respects the vertical meridian

The Visual Pathway is often asked in Physio

Ethambutol: anti TB med, can cause toxic optic neuropathy. In
Pharma & Katzung: it will cause rectobulbar neuritis
In reality: Optic neurtis is due to TB, but when you drink the
medicine-> neuropathy -> nanghihina ugat ng patient

Take note of SE of Chloramphenicol because of COVID

Sildenafil(Viagra) : Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, for erectile
dysnfuction: ischemic opthaneuropathy patient

FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 10

 FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020

A 23-yr old female complained of painless right lower lid mass with b. hemophilus
3 weeks duration. Patient underwent excision biopsy which c. neisseria
showed lipogranulomatous histopathology. What is the dx? d. streptococcus
a. sebaceous cyst A 50-yr old male patient complained of sudden loss of vision.
b. chalazion Fundoscopic vindings: cherry red spot in macula. Dx?
c. xanthelasma a. branch retinal artery occlusion
d. melanoma central retinal artery occlusion Correct 45-90 min
retinal detachment
posterior vitreous detachment
A 30 yr old emale with ptosis, anhydrosis and miosis. What is the
likely diagnosis?
a. myasthenia gravis
b. optic neuritis
c. syndrome
d. multiple sclerosis

A 20-yr old male call center came in for consult due to eye
discharge which was subjected for gram staining. -> intracellular
diplococci which is consistent?
a. chlamydia trachomatis
b. Neisseria gonorrhea
c. h influenza
d. streptococci.

A 53-yr old male consulted at ER due to sudden onset of BOV

associated with eye pain, headache, nausea & vomiting. Dx?
a. acute angle closure glaucoma
b. secondary open angle glaucoma
c. malignant glaucoma
d. ocular hypertension

What is the most common type of cataract seen in clinic

a. nuclear
b. posterior subcapsular
c. cortical
d. morgagnian

Which of the following anit-gout medications causes cataracts

a. allopurinol
b. colchicine
c.febuxostat
d. indomethacin

A 25-y/o myopic gym instructor accidentlally hit left eye while

lifting weights. Experienced floaters and flashes of light. Dx?
a. rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
b. traction retinal detachment
c. exudative retinal deteachment
d. vitreous detachment

Most common intraocular tumor in childhood?

a. rhabdomosarcoma
b. retinoblastoma
c. glioma
d. meningioma -Athrun Zala, Gundam Seed
Destiny
MC etiology of conjunctivitis
A. adenovirus

FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 11

 FEU-NRMF PGI OPHTHA BOARD REVIEW JUNE 2020

A 23-yr old female complained of painless right lower lid mass with b. hemophilus
3 weeks duration. Patient underwent excision biopsy which c. neisseria
showed lipogranulomatous histopathology. What is the dx? d. streptococcus
a. sebaceous cyst A 50-yr old male patient complained of sudden loss of vision.
b. chalazion Fundoscopic vindings: cherry red spot in macula. Dx?
c. xanthelasma a. branch retinal artery occlusion
d. melanoma central retinal artery occlusion Correct 45-90 min
retinal detachment
posterior vitreous detachment
A 30 yr old emale with ptosis, anhydrosis and miosis. What is the
likely diagnosis?
a. myasthenia gravis
b. optic neuritis
c. syndrome
d. multiple sclerosis

A 20-yr old male call center came in for consult due to eye
discharge which was subjected for gram staining. -> intracellular
diplococci which is consistent?
a. chlamydia trachomatis
b. Neisseria gonorrhea
c. h influenza
d. streptococci.

A 53-yr old male consulted at ER due to sudden onset of BOV

associated with eye pain, headache, nausea & vomiting. Dx?
a. acute angle closure glaucoma
b. secondary open angle glaucoma
c. malignant glaucoma
d. ocular hypertension

What is the most common type of cataract seen in clinic

a. nuclear
b. posterior subcapsular
c. cortical
d. morgagnian

Which of the following anit-gout medications causes cataracts

a. allopurinol
b. colchicine
c.febuxostat
d. indomethacin

A 25-y/o myopic gym instructor accidentlally hit left eye while

lifting weights. Experienced floaters and flashes of light. Dx?
a. rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
b. traction retinal detachment
c. exudative retinal deteachment
d. vitreous detachment

Most common intraocular tumor in childhood?

a. rhabdomosarcoma
b. retinoblastoma
c. glioma
d. meningioma -Athrun Zala, Gundam Seed
Destiny
MC etiology of conjunctivitis
A. adenovirus

FEU-NRMF PGI 2019-2020! ! ! 11