COMPUTER NETWORKS

CASE STUDY
COLLEGE NETWORK SYSTEM
GROUP NUMBER 16

Registration No Name Email ID

CB.EN.U4CSE21412 Boya Abhiram cb.en.u4cse21412@c

b.students.amrita.edu

CB.EN.U4CSE21430 K .Mahammad cb.en.u4cse21430@c

Sami b.students.amrita.edu

CB.EN.U4CSE21431 K.Adithya cb.en.u4cse21431@c

b.students.amrita.edu

CB.EN.U4CSE21462 T.Bhargavi cb.en.u4cse21462@c

b.students.amrita.edu
 Table Of Contents

Content Page no
1.Introduction 3
2.Problem Statement 4
3.protocols used 5
4.Network devices used 7
5.Performance parameters 8
6.Ip adressing plan 10
7.Architecture design 13
8.server room 14
9.Implementation 15
10.RIP 17
11.Departments 19
12.Results 20
13.Analytical Questions 24
14.Table 25

Importance of Networking in College Environments:

1. Interdepartmental Communication:

Networking fosters seamless communication between different departments,

enabling effective collaboration among faculty, staff, and students.

2. Resource Sharing:

Facilitates the sharing of resources like printers and storage, optimizing

resource utilization and reducing the need for redundant equipment in each
department.

3. Access to Centralized Services:

Allows access to centralized services such as databases, email servers, and

learning management systems, ensuring consistency and efficiency in service
delivery.

4. Course Materials and Information Sharing:

Enables efficient sharing of course materials, research findings, and

academic information, supporting collaborative projects and interdisciplinary
studies.

5. Student Services:

Supports online registration, access to library resources, communication with

professors, and the implementation of e-learning platforms and online
assessments.

6. Security and Access Control:

Incorporates security measures to control access, ensuring the protection of

sensitive data and resources with different levels of access based on roles.

7. Administrative Functions:

Streamlines administrative processes such as attendance tracking, grading

systems, and student information management.

8. Distance Learning and Virtual Collaboration:

Allows for the implementation of distance learning programs and virtual

collaboration tools, especially relevant in situations with remote students and
faculty.
Problem statement:
Background: In today's dynamic educational landscape, colleges face the challenge
of creating a robust and scalable network infrastructure that can meet the diverse
communication and collaboration needs of different departments, students, and
faculty members.

Problem: The current state of our college network lacks a well-organized and
optimized LAN topology. This deficiency leads to inefficiencies in communication,
resource sharing, and administrative functions. The absence of a cohesive network
design hinders the seamless exchange of data and information between
departments, impacting collaboration and the overall efficiency of academic and
administrative processes.

Objective: The primary goal of this project is to design and implement an optimized
LAN topology for our college network, addressing the identified issues. This includes
enhancing interdepartmental communication, improving resource sharing,
strengthening security measures, streamlining administrative processes.

How WiFi works ?

1. Wireless Access Points (APs):

Deploy wireless access points strategically across the college campus to

provide coverage in various locations, such as classrooms, labs, offices, and
common areas.
Use enterprise-grade access points that support the latest Wi-Fi standards for
better performance and security.

2. VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks):

Implement VLANs to logically segregate Wi-Fi traffic based on different

departments, user groups, or purposes.
Assign each VLAN a unique identifier to facilitate efficient network
management and security.

3. Router Configuration:

Configure routers to facilitate inter-VLAN routing, allowing communication

between different VLANs while maintaining logical separation.
Implement security measures to control and monitor the traffic between
VLANs.
4. Security Measures:

Enforce WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) or WPA2 security protocols to

secure Wi-Fi communications.
Utilize strong authentication methods, such as WPA3-Enterprise with 802.1X
authentication, for user authentication.

Protocols Used:

1. Internet Protocol (IP)

2. Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
3. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
4. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
5. Domain Name System (DNS)
6. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Software/Operating System used:

 Cisco Packet Tracer:

Cisco Packet Tracer is a widely used network simulation tool for learning and
practicing networking concepts. It allows users to design, configure, and
simulate network topologies. The report mentions the use of Cisco Packet
Tracer in designing and implementing the college network scenario.

 Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System):

Cisco IOS is the operating system used on Cisco routers and switches. In the
context of the report, the routers and switches in the college network scenario
may be running Cisco IOS.

 Windows/Linux for End Devices:

The end devices, such as computers and servers, in the college network may
run operating systems like Windows or Linux.

 Web Servers:

The web server mentioned in the report could be running a web server
software like Apache, Nginx, or Microsoft IIS. The specific operating system
for the web server is not mentioned.
Programming Languages:

a) Java

b) C

d) Assembly Language for processors like 8086

e) C++

Network Requirements

1: The new system should be able to reduce internet downtime. Download

and upload links should be maintained above 5 Mbps speed requirement.

2: Network will be scalable.

3: The system should support remote access.

4: Should comprise of data centers with necessary security features and

support.

Networking devices used :

 Cisco Catalyst 6509 Switch:

This is a high-performance switch that is part of the Cisco Catalyst 6500

Series. It's equipped with Cisco 720 supervisors and Virtual Switching System
(VSS).

 Cisco 4500 Switch:

We have used Cisco 4500 switches, which are likely part of the Cisco
Catalyst 4500 Series. These switches are often used in campus networks.

 Mobility Services Engine (MSE) and Cisco Aironet 1140 Access Points:

The Mobility Services Engine (MSE) and Cisco Aironet 1140 access points
are part of the Cisco Unified Wireless Network. They are used for wireless
connectivity within the college network.

 Routers (Router0, Router1, Router2):

 The project outlines the routing protocol plans for three routers: Router0,
Router1, and Router2. These routers are crucial for routing data between
different departments or segments within the college network.

 Web Server:

A web server is used in the proje t, indicating the presence of a server that
hosts web content, potentially used for the college website or other web
applications.

 FTP Server:

An FTP server is mentioned, which could be used for file transfer purposes
within the college network.

 DNS Server:

A DNS server is mentioned, indicating the presence of a Domain Name

System server that resolves domain names to IP addresses.

 End Devices (Computers, Laptops, Printers):

The report mentions various end devices, such as computers, laptops, and
printers, connected to different departments in the college.

 Firewall

Used for server side as only ip protocols are enabled and others are disabled
For security reasons.

SECURITY DEVICES

1. ACCESS CONTROL LISTS (ACLS)

- Implemented for controlling user access to the external site using ACLs.

2. FIREWALL RULES
- Firewalls for securing the network and controlling traffic

Performance parameters:

Parameter Meaning Formula

 Bandwidth Bandwidth is the capacity of a wired or Expressed as bits per second (bps),
wireless network communications link to modern network links have greater
transmit the maximum amount of data from capacity, which is typically
one point to another over a computer network measured in millions of bits per
or internet connection in a given amount of second (megabits per second, or
time Mbps) or billions of bits per second
(gigabits per second, or Gbps).

Throughput measures the percentage of data

Throughput
packets that are successfully being sent; a
low throughput means there are a lot of failed
or dropped packets that need to be sent
again.

Packet Loss Packet loss occurs when one or more packets Efficiency = 100% * (transferred -
of data travelling across a computer network retransmitted) / transferred
fail to reach their destination.Due to network
congestion Network Loss = 100 - Efficiency

Transmission time The time required for transmission of a Transmission time=Message size /
message depends on the size of the message Bandwidth
and the bandwidth of the channel.

Propagation Time Propagation time measures the time required Propagation time = Distance
for a bit to travel from the source to the /Propagation speed
destination. The propagation time is
calculated by dividing the distance by the
propagation speed.

Time taken by the processor to process the

data packet is called processing delay.
Processing Delay

Time spent by the data packet waiting in the

Queuing Delay
queue before it is taken for execution is called
queuing delay.
 Jitter is defined as the variation in time delay Latency=sum of all delays
Jitter
for the data packets sent over a network. This
variable represents an identified disruption in
the normal sequencing of data packets. Jitter
is related to latency, since the jitter manifests To measure Jitter, we take the
itself in increased or uneven latency between difference between samples, then
data packets, which can disrupt network divide by the number of samples
performance and lead to packet loss and (minus 1).
network congestion. Although some level of
jitter is to be expected and can usually be
tolerated, quantifying network jitter is an
important aspect of comprehensive network

IP Addressing Plan
1.IT DEPARTMENT:

IT DEPARTMENT (192.168.1.0)

HOD CABIN 192.168.1.2

IT LAB 1 192.168.1.3

IT LAB 2 192.168.1.4

IT LAB 3 192.168.1.5

IT LAB 4 192.168.1.6

Printer 0 192.168.1.7

2.Computer Department:
COMPUTER DEPARTMENT (192.168.2.0)

CS HOD CABIN 192.168.2.2

CS LAB 1 192.168.2.3

CS LAB 2 192.168.2.4

CS LAB 3 192.168.2.5

CS LAB 4 192.168.2.6

Printer 7 192.168.2.7
3.OTHERS :

OTHERS (192.168.3.0)

OFFICE 192.168.3.2

Printer 2 192.168.3.6

EXAM CELL 192.168.3.3

Printer 3 192.168.3.7

ENQUIRY 192.168.3.4

TPO 192.168.3.5

Printer 4 192.168.3.8

4..SERVER ROOM :

SERVER ROOM (1.0.0.0)

FTP SERVER 1.0.0.4
PC1 1.0.0.5
DNS SERVER 1.0.0.2
WEB SERVER 1.0.0.3
5.INTERNET LAB :

INTERNET LAB (128.168.0.0)

PC2 128.168.0.2

PC3 128.168.0.3

PC4 128.168.0.4

PC5 128.168.0.5

Printer 5 128.168.0.6

6.PRINCIPLE ROOM

PRINCIPLE ROOM (192.168.4.0)

PC 0 192.168.4.2

LAPTOP 0 192.168.4.3

Architecture diagram:
1. server room
 Contains dns,web,ftp servers with the subnet ip 1.0.0.0
` firewall configured for the web server (only ip is allowed)
Users can access web browser,dns ,ftp by ips

Implementation

1. firewall blocking
ICMP protocol blocked for all ips

2. Web page
We have made a webpage users can acess
3. FTP
Created ftp users with password so that one can access ftp from their pcs

Ex:username-sami password-boya

4. similarly for DNS

5. Email:

Configuring mail in any pc

Here we have taken domain name as amrita.com and created student ids as per their
respective reg nos now from any dept students can use the mail server and
send/receive mails

RIP (Routing Information Protocol):

What is it?
 RIP is a way for routers in a network to talk to each other and figure out the
best paths for sending data from one place to another.

How does it work?

Routers share information about the networks they know. They decide the
best way to reach a destination based on the number of routers (hops)
involved.

Key Points:

RIP uses the "hop count" to measure distance. Fewer hops mean a better path.
Routers tell each other about the networks they know by broadcasting updates.
To avoid confusion, routers don't share information back through the same path they
received it (split horizon).

RIP CONFIGURING IN ROUTERS:

For r1,r2,r0
###code

Router#
Router#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "rip"
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 2 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Redistributing: rip
Default version control: send version 1, receive any version
Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain
FastEthernet1/0 12 1
Serial2/0 12 1
FastEthernet0/0 12 1
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
192.168.1.0
192.168.2.0
Passive Interface(s):
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.10.0.2 120 00:00:04
Distance: (default is 120)
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Departments Info:
Like the computer department we have 4 more rooms/departments where we have
one switch connected with the pcs,printers etc with the dedictaed ips for the
respective subnets connected with the same vlan as we have to transfer files across
the whole college so same vlan is reqd if possible we can changa vlan and use
access list to restrict the packet sending to private networks in our side we have used
firewall in the web server

Results for all configurations:

Basic vlan config:

Same vlan so packets transferred successfully

Here in Others in Exam Cell lets define new vlan 7 with name Exam and add the
Exam-cell pc and printer 3 and others on default vlan so no others can access the
exam cell and printer other than themselves this is the concept of vlan
For PC

For Printer:

Results:
Pc to printer:

Other case:

Accessing Web Browser:

1. lets say from it dept I want to access the web browser

Firewall check:

Lets check whether firewall is working or not as firewall is included for the wen server
as no icmp protocols are accessed

Its failed as firewall protects the server

DNS:Results:
Email-results:

Lets say 21430 is in it lab wants to send the mail to 21412 in internet lab
21430-mail side

21412-mail side in internet lab

FTP:resullts
We can put files in the ftp and store there as per the users permissions given for the
user name as per the ftp server
Final Check:
Lets check the transfer of packets from departments

So as seen all possible cases are successful

Analytical questions:

 Question 1: What factors influenced the choice of the RIP routing protocol for
this network project?

Answer: The choice of RIP was influenced by the project's simplicity

requirements and the size of the network. RIP's ease of configuration and low
resource requirements made it suitable for the project's context.

 Question: How does the implementation of VLANs contribute to network security

in this college network scenario?

Answer: VLANs enhance network security by logically segmenting the

network, isolating departments or groups. This segmentation helps control
access, contain potential security breaches, and improve network
performance.
 Question: What security measures were implemented in the project to protect
against unauthorized access and potential threats?

Answer: The project includes the implementation of VLANs, access control

lists (ACLs), and the use of a firewall. These measures collectively enhance
network security by controlling traffic, isolating segments, and preventing
unauthorized access.

 Question: Describe how the RIP routing protocol adapts to changes in the
network topology, and discuss any potential drawbacks.

Answer: RIP adapts to changes through periodic updates and route

poisoning. Drawbacks include slower convergence times, potential routing loops
during changes, and a limited maximum hop count of 15.

 Question: Explain the role of a firewall in the college network and how it
enhances security.

Answer: A firewall controls incoming and outgoing traffic, acting as a barrier
between the internal network and the internet, preventing unauthorized
access and protecting against cyber threats.

 Question: Explain the significance of the ICMP protocols in the context of

network troubleshooting and diagnostics.

Answer: ICMP protocols, such as Echo Request (ping) and Destination

Unreachable, are crucial for network troubleshooting. They provide feedback
on network reachability, errors, and performance, aiding administrators in
diagnosing and resolving network issues.

Table
Purpose-
The Computer Department's
 network serves as a vital
connectivity and communication
hub, fostering seamless
interaction and data exchange
Number of nodes:6 across various computing
resources. With a strategic
Range of IP address: allocation of IP addresses and
implementation of essential
192.168.2.1 protocols such as IP, DNS, and
Computer Dept CMP-SW To RIP, the network ensures
192.168.2.6 efficient resource management
and a secure environment. The
Subnet address: design caters to the specific
needs of computer labs, offering
192.168.2.0 an interconnected platform for
collaborative work, research, and
Subnet mask: shared access to resources like
printers. This holistic approach
"255.255.255.0"
contributes to an optimized and
productive learning environment
Protocols configured
within the Computer Department,
IP,DNS,RIP
supporting the diverse computing
needs of students and faculty
alike.
Number of nodes:6 Purpose:
The IT Department's network is
Range of IP address: designed to foster seamless
communication and collaboration
192.168.1.0 through strategically planned IP
To addressing and essential
192.168.1.6 protocols like IP, DNS, and RIP.
IT Dept IT-SW It prioritizes reliability, scalability,
Subnet address: and security to support the
diverse activities within the
192.168.1.0 department, ensuring efficient
information exchange and
Subnet mask: technology services. The network
serves as a robust foundation for
"255.255.255.0"
IT-related functions, promoting a
conducive environment for
Protocols configured
research, innovation, and
IP,DNS,RIP
academic endeavors.
Number of nodes:5 Purpose
Range of IP address:
128.168.0.0 The Internet Lab serves as a
To hands-on space for students to
Internet Lab IL-SW 128.168.1.5 explore and experiment with real-
world internet applications and
Subnet address: services. With a dedicated IP
address range and essential
192.168.0.0 protocols like IP, it enhances
Subnet mask: practical learning in web hosting,
"255.255.255.0" FTP servers, and other internet-
Protocols configured related functionalities within the
 IP,DNS,RIP secure college network
environment.
Principle Room Principle-sw Number of nodes:3 Purpose-
Range of IP address: The Principal's Room in the
192.168.4.0 college network scenario serves
To as the administrative hub for the
192.168.4.4 college principal. It functions as a
space for decision-making,
Subnet address: communication, meetings, and
record-keeping. It is used for
192.168.0.0 administrative tasks, discussions
Subnet mask: with faculty, decision-making
"255.255.255.0" processes, and private
workspace for the principal.
Protocols configured Additionally, the room may be
IP,DNS,RIP utilized for counseling sessions,
visitor reception, and strategic
planning for the college's
development.
Other Exam Number of nodes:7 Purpose-
Range of IP address:
192.168.3.0 Exam Cell:
To Manages and coordinates the
192.168.3.6 examination process.
Handles exam scheduling,
Subnet address: question paper preparation, and
result declaration.
192.168.3.0 Ensures the integrity and security
Subnet mask: of the examination process.
"255.255.255.0"
Enquiry Department:
Protocols configured Addresses inquiries from
IP,DNS,RIP prospective students, parents,
and the community.
Provides information about
courses, admissions, and
general college details.

Server FTP Cat:FTP For reliable file transfer

Adress:
1.0.0.4
Server Web,dns Cat:web For accessing IP protocols over
Firewall,access list the network
Adress:
1.0.0.3 for web
1.0.0.5 for dns