Republic of the Philippines

BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

Don M. Banzon Ave. Poblacion
City of Balanga, Bataan
Balanga Campus
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
(047) 237-4688

A Detailed Lesson Plan

in English 10

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, 100% of the students at the least 85% level of proficiency will be able to:
a. Explain the literary devices used. ( EN10-LT-IVb-2.2.2: )
II. Subject Matter
Topic: Figures of Speech- Understatement, Litotes, and Overstatement
Text: Fire and Ice by Robert Frost
Reference: http://softschools.com/examples/grammar/understatement_examples/191/
https://literarydevices.net/litotes/
Materials: Printed visual aids, LCD projector, laptop, cartolinas
Skills: Reading skill, speaking skill, writing skill, critical thinking skill
Value/s: Taking care of our environment.

III. Procedure

Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities

A. Preliminary Activities
1. Prayer

2. Greetings of the students

3. Checking of attendance and cleanliness

Review of the Lesson

“Before we proceed to our lesson, what were the
two figures of speech we discussed last time?
Oxymoron and Paradox
“Correct! Now tell me if these sentences show an
oxymoron or a paradox”.

It’s hard work doing nothing.

Stop being a big baby.
As I said before, I never repeat myself.
He has a passive aggressive attitude

Paradox
Oxymoron
Paradox
Oxymoron

“Amazing! It seems like you really understood the

 lesson about these literary devices.”

B. Motivational Activity

DO NOT UNDERESTIMATE ME!

“Let’s play a game. I created some riddles here, try to

guess them.”

1. I’m not tall when I’m old, I’m not short when I’m
young. What am I?
-a candle

2. See, I’m not unkind. I get wet while drying

someone. But, if you don’t use me, you’ll stay
wet. -a towel

3. I’m okay. I just have a little problem. I have two

hands but I can’t clap.
-a clock

4. You have hands but you can’t clap? That must be

terrible. Well, don’t worry about me, I have some
teeth but I can’t bite. That’s not a problem, right?
-a comb

5. So you can’t bite with those teeth? You are not

doing badly at all. How about me? I am
perfectly fine, don’t mind me. They keep cutting
me on the table but they are not interested in eating
-a deck of cards
me. Sigh.

6. Hey deck of cards, at least you’re not getting eaten

today! About me, I am seriously not bothered for I
have kept a few words with me but I never speak,
just wrote them for you. I hope you’re not
unaware that when your friend chose not to stay, I
did not leave you. Never mind you won’t hear me
by the way.
-a book

“Very good class. That was fun. Let’s go back to the way
those objects described their situation. Tell me what are the
words they used in describing themselves to us.”

Student’s answer may vary.

“Correct. They used words that minimize their

situation. They’re trying to affirm a positive
sentiment.”
 C. Presentation of the Lesson
“These are called Understatements.
D. Lesson Proper
“Let us now talk about understatements. Kindly read
the definition.”

An understatement is a figure of speech employed by

writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation
seem less important than it really is.

For example:

“I have this operation. It isn’t very serious. I have this

tiny little tumor on the brain.”
(Catcher in the Rye)

Here are some more examples.

“It rained a bit last night.” Describing a huge storm

that caused floods.

“I did ok on that tests.” You got a perfect score on .

that test.

“She has some money.” Referring to Oprah Winfrey.

“Now that we know the definition of an

understatement, please give an example and use it in a
sentence.”
Student’s answer may vary.

“Thank you for sharing! But that’s not all, there is

another literary device that is quite similar with an
understatement. In fact, it is considered as a category
of an understatement. Check out this sentence and try
to see what is different. “

“I am not unaware how the productions of the Grub

Street brotherhood have of late years fallen under
many prejudices.”
(A Tale of a Tub)

“Let’s look at this sentence, what can you infer from

it? What are the similarities and differences of this
sentence and the sentences that we have discussed?”

Student’s answer may vary.

“That’s right! This kind of sentence is called Litotes.
Kindly read the definition.”

Litotes is a figure of speech that employs an

understatement by using double negatives or, in other
words, a positive statement expressed by negating its
opposite expressions.
Students will read the definition.

Here are some more examples of litotes:

A million dollars is no small amount.

You are not doing badly at all.

Your apartment is not unclean.

“Can you think of an example of litotes? Kindly

share.”

“Good job!”

UNDERSTATEMENT VS. OVERSTATEMENT

Contrary to Understatement is the overstatement or
the Hyperbole.

Overstatement is an act of stating something more

profoundly than it actually is, in order to make the
point more serious or important or beautiful.

Synonymous to Hyperbole (exaggeration)

-I’ve been waiting forever.
-It was so hot outside I could fry an egg on the
sidewalk.
-I nearly died laughing.
 (Students’ answers may vary.)
E. Application
“How do you think the world would end?”

“That’s a sad thing but that could really happen

anytime soon. To see if you have really understood
the things that we have discussed, let us a read a
poem. But let me unlock two difficult words in the
poem first.”
(Students’ answers may vary.)
1. But if I had to perish twice, I think I know
enough of hate.

PERSIH-to die or be killed

2. To say that for destruction ice is also great and

would suffice.
SUFFICE-to be enough or sufficient

“Now, I will be reading it aloud. Listen carefully.”

FIRE AND ICE

by Robert Frost

Some say the world will end in fire,

Some say in ice.
From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if I had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate to say
that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.

“Now, it’s your time to read it.”

“Thank you for reading class. According to the

speaker, how would the world end?”
“Which do you think the speaker prefer?” Students will read the poem.

“That’s right! Your task is to find the understatement

in this poem and explain why it is understatement. Students will read the poem.
Then rewrite some words to make some litotes
statements.”

Student’s answer may vary.

F. Generalization
“To see if you have really understood the lesson,
kindly provide the differences between an oxymoron
and a paradox.”
Student’s answer may vary.

Understatement Litotes

Understatement Litotes
A figure of speech Figure of speech
employed by that employs an
writers or speakers understatement by
to intentionally using double
make a situation negatives or, in
seem less important other words, a
than it really is positive statement
G. Evaluation expressed by
Get one whole sheet of paper. Write U for negating its
Understatement and L for Litotes. opposite
expressions

1. He is not the cleverest person I have ever met.

2. “It’s a bit warm today.” (while traveling
through a desert)
3. She is not unlike her mother.
4. She’s no spring chicken.
5. “It’s but a scratch.” After King Arthur cuts off
the knights other arm.
6. Ken Adams is not an ordinary man
7. “It was okay.” (The top ranker being asked
about his exams.)
 8. You are not doing badly at all.
9. I’m a little tired after completing that
marathon.
10. “It’s a bit yellow” (describing a very yellow
house.
11. A million dollars is no small amount.
12. “He’s a little on the old side” (describing an
old person)
13. It wasn’t a terrible trip.
14. In the middle of an intense thunderstorm:
"We're having a little rain."
15. The ice cream was not too bad.
16. After coming home to find that your dog has
torn apart couch cushions and strewn stuffing
all over the floor: "Well, you had a little fun
while I was gone."
17. They’re aren’t unhappy with the presentation.
18. When you have lost a thousand dollars in a
poker game: "I lost a couple of dollars."
19. They do not seem the unhappiest couple
around.
20. New York is not an ordinary city. 1. L
2. U
3. L
4. L
5. U
6. L
7. U
8. L
9. U
10. U
11. L
12. U
13. L
14. U
15. L
16. U
17. L
18. U
19. L
20. L

H. Extended

“Bring out your notebook in English and copy. Your

task is to search for the meaning of allusion and
apostrophe. Give 3 examples each.”
Students will copy their extended activity.

“Do you have any question?”

“None Sir.”

“If that’s the case, let’s call it a day. Goodbye class!” “Goodbye Sir. Jerymie!”
Prepared By:

Jerymie Pegolio
BSE- IV ENGLISH

Checked by:

Ms. Rio S. Solomon

Bataan National High School