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Functions of Cell Organelles : PDF

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Functions of Cell Organelles : PDF

Uploaded by

christiangyeabour2011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions of cell organelles :

● Cell Membrane: The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells
and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. The cell membrane
consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. The cell membrane regulates the
transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
● Lysosome: A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive
enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or
worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
● Nucleolus: The nucleolus is a spherical structure found in the cell's nucleus whose primary
function is to produce and assemble the cell's ribosomes. The nucleolus is also where
ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed.
● Nuclear Membrane: The nuclear membrane is a double layer that encloses the cell's
nucleus, where the chromosomes reside. The nuclear membrane serves to separate the
chromosomes from the cell's cytoplasm and other contents.
● Vacuole: A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are
generally small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help
maintain water balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of the interior
space of the plant cell.
● Mitochondrion: Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion,
singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's
biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small
molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
● Centrosome: A centrosome is a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division.
Before cell division, the centrosome duplicates and then, as division begins, the two
centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
● Cytoplasm: The structure of the cytoplasm is gel-like in consistency. It contains
organelles, structures and cytoplasmic inclusions. Its function is to transport, maintain
cell shape and structure, protect, store macromolecules and act as the host to
metabolic processes.
● Rough ER: Rough endoplasmic reticulum in general is to produce proteins for the rest of
the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are
small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.
● Smooth ER: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in many metabolic processes. It
synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids. Cells that
secrete these products, such as cells of the testes, ovaries, and skin oil glands, have an
excess of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
● Ribosomes: A ribosome is an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and
it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the messenger RNA
(mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids,
which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.
● Golgi Body: The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply
the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane
system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the
cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination.

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