MD GROUP

THUMB RULES
FOR CIVIL SITE
ENGINEER
civil engineering
interview questions 2022
 what is the
thumb rule

The rule of thumb is colloquially

referred to as a thumb rule. A Thumb
Rule is a guideline which provides
concise advice on a given subject. It is a
general concept that offers specific
guidance for executing or approaching
a given task. Thumb rules usually
evolve as a result of practice and
experience rather than a theoretical
study
 1. Thumb Rule for
Concrete Volume

The volume of concrete required

= 0.038 m3/square feet area
Example:-
If Plan Area = 40 x 20 = 800 Sq. m.
So, for the plan area of 800 Sq. m.
the area the total volume of
concrete required
= 800 x 0.038m3 = 30.4m3
 2.Steel Quantity for Slab,
Beams, Footings & Columns

1. Slab - 1% of the total volume of concrete

(Slab steel calculation thumb rule)

2. Beam – 2% of the total volume of concrete

3. Column – 2.5% of the total volume of concrete

4. Footings - 0.8% of the total volume of concrete

Steel required in residential buildings = 4.5 Kgs –

4.75 Kgs / sq. Ft.
Steel required For Commercial buildings = 5.0
Kgs-5.50 Kgs/Sq. Ft.
 3. Thumb Rules For
Shuttering Work

Shuttering costs are taken as 15-18% of the

total construction of the building.
Shuttering work is done to bring the
concrete in Shape. The Thumb rule to
estimate the shuttering required is 6 times
the quantity of concrete or 2.4 times of the
Plinth area.
For example, the concrete quantity is 0.5m3, then
Area of Shuttering is 0.5 x 6 = 3m2
Components of Shuttering
Shuttering Ply Quantity estimation
The Shuttering plate Ply, Battens, Nails are
components of Shuttering.
Suppose, The Shuttering Ply has a length, width &
depth of 2.44 x 1.22 x 0.012
The No. of Shuttering Ply Sheets = 0.22 times of
Shuttering
Suppose, the Shuttering Area = 3m
Then Ply required for shuttering = 0.22 x 3 = 0.66m2
 4.BATTENS QUANTITY
CALCULATION
Jane Doe

Shuttering Batten usually has a length & width of 75mm x 40mm.

Batten Quantity = 19.82 x No. of Ply Sheets
If work requires 25 Ply sheets, the total quantity of Battens are
19.82 x 25 = 495 Battens
Nails & Binding Wire Quantity in Shuttering:
Approximately, 75 grams of Nails were used in the shuttering of the
1m2 area.
Add a little bit of body text

75gms of Binding wire is used for every 1m2 of Shuttering.

Thumb rule for Shuttering oil estimation :
Shuttering oil is applied on the shuttering plate surface used to de-
frame or de-assemble from the concrete easily.
Total required Shuttering oil = 0.065 x Total Area of Shuttering
(or)
For every 15m2 of shuttering 1 liter of shuttering oil is consumed.
Example :
If, total area of shuttering is 15 m2, then Shuttering oil Consumption
= 0.065 x 15 = 0.975.
 5.Cement, Sand,
Coarse Aggregate
Quantity Calculations

M10 ( 1 : 3.92 : 5.62 )

Cement : 210 Kg/ m3
20 mm Jelly : 708 Kg/ m3
12.5 mm Jelly : 472 Kg/ m3
River sand : 823 Kg/m3
Total water : 185 Kg/ m3
Fresh concrete density: 2398 Kg/m3
M20 ( 1 : 2.48 : 3.55)
Cement : 320 Kg/ m3
20 mm Jelly : 683 Kg/ m3
12.5 mm Jelly : 455 Kg/ m3
River sand : 794 Kg/ m3
Total water : 176 Kg/ m3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2430 Kg/ m3
 M25 ( 1 : 2.28 : 3.27)
Cement : 340 Kg/ m3
20 mm Jelly : 667 Kg/ m3
12.5 mm Jelly : 445 Kg/ m3
River sand : 775 Kg/ m3
Total water : 185 Kg/ m3
Admixture : 0.6%
Fresh concrete density: 2414 Kg/ m3
Note: sand 775 + 2% moisture, Water 185 -20.5 = 164 Liters,
Admixture = 0.5% is 100ml
M30 ( 1 : 2 : 2.87)
Cement : 380 Kg/ m3
20 mm Jelly : 654 Kg/ m3
12.5 mm Jelly : 436 Kg/ m3
River sand : 760 Kg/m3
Total water : 187 Kg/ m3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2420 Kg/ m3
Note: Sand = 760 Kg with 2% moisture (170.80+15.20)

M35 ( 1 : 1.79 : 2.57)

Cement : 410 Kg/ m3
20 mm Jelly : 632 Kg/ m3
12.5 mm Jelly : 421 Kg/ m3
River sand : 735 Kg/ m3
Total water : 200 Kg/m3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2400 Kg/ m3
Note: sand = 735 + 2%, Water = 200- 14.7 = 185.30,
Admixture = 0.7%
 M40 ( 1 : 1.67 : 2.39)
Cement : 430 Kg/ m3
20 mm Jelly : 618 Kg/ m3
12.5 mm Jelly : 412 Kg/ m3
River sand : 718 Kg/ m3
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%
Note: Sand = 718 + Bulkage 1%

M45 ( 1 : 1.58 : 2.26)

Cement : 450 Kg/ m3
20 mm Jelly : 626 Kg/m3
12.5 mm Jelly : 417 Kg/ m3
River sand : 727 Kg/m3
Bulkage 1%
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%
M50 ( 1 : 1.44 : 2.23)
Cement : 450 Kg/ m3
20 mm Jelly : 590 Kg/ m3
12.5 mm Jelly : 483 Kg/ m3
River sand : 689 Kg/ m3
Bulkage 12%
Water Cement ratio : 0.36 (188 Kg)
Admixture : 1.20%3
Micro silica : 30 Kg
Super flow 6.7% of cement
 6.Thumb Rules For Civil
Engineers for Brickwork

Cement Qty in Bags

Brickwork for 1m3 Cement Qty in m3
230 mm Brickwork 0.876m3 25.4 Bags

115 mm Brickwork 0.218m3 6.32 Bags

7.Thumb Rules For Cement Masonry
Quantity

CEMENT MASONRY TYPE & CEMENT QTY IN BAGS CEMENT QTY IN KGS
MIX
6.2Kgs/m2
0.124Bags/m2
200mm in Cement Masonry work

of Ratio 1:6
4.65Kgs/m2
150mm in Cement Masonry work 0.093Bags/m2

of Ratio 1:6
10.3Kgs/m2
200mm in Cement Masonry work
0.206Bags/m2
of Ratio 1:4
7.2Kgs/m2
150mm in Cement Masonry work
0.144Bags/m2
of Ratio 1:4
5.15Kgs/m2
100mm in Cement Masonry work

of Ratio 1:4
0.103Bags/m2
Rough Plastering 0.09 Bags/m2 4. 5Kgs/m2
Internal Wall Plastering 0.09 Bags/m2 4.5 Kgs/m2
External Wall plastering 0.175 Bags/m2 8.75 Kgs/m2
9.Thumb Rule
for Concrete
Mix Designs
FOR ADDING 4 LITERS OF WATER IN 1
CU.M FRESHLY MIXED CONCRETE

1. The slump value will be increased by 25 mm.

2. The compressive strength of concrete will be
decreased by 1.5 to 2.0 N/mm2
3. The shrinkage potential will be increased by 10%.
4. 1/4 bag of cement Will be wasted.
10.Thumb rule to calculate the
Concrete Volume with respect
to area:
The Concrete Volume of 0.038m3 of concrete is used for each Square Feet

of Plan area

Example:-

From below fig: Plan Area = 20 x 20 = 400SFT

The plan area is 400SFT then the total volume of concrete required = 400 x

0.038m3 = 15.2 m3
 CIVIL ENGINEERING
INTERVIEW QUESTION
2022
1. Name various authorities or workers on a
construction site?
2. Senior Engineer/Project manager
3. Site Engineer
4. Contracter
5. Mistri
6. Mason/labor
2.What is least cover provided for different RCC
Members?
1. Footing = 50 mm
2. Column = 40mm
3. Beam = 25mm
4. Slab = 20mm
3.What are the functions of column in a building?
Column is a verticle member in building whose primary
function is to support structural load and transfer it
through beams. Upper columns transfers the load to the
lower columns and finally to the ground through
footings.
4.What is the cement sand & aggregate ratios for
various grades of concrete mix?
1. M10 – 1:3:6
2. M15 – 1:2:4
3. M20 – 1:1.5:3
4. M25 – 1:1:2
5. M30 – 1:1:1
5.What do you mean by honeycomb in concrete?
Honeycomb, also known as airpocket, is nothing but the air
voids in concrete. It is usually formed during concrete
casting.
6.Does Water damage concrete?
Plain concrete is not affected or damaged by water but
Reinforced Concrete (RCC) can be damaged due to water.
This is because the water may seep into the concrete and
corrode the steel reinforcement inside.
7.What is the initial and final setting time of ideal
cement mix?
Initial setting time for ideal cement mix is around 30 minutes
for almost all kind of cements. For masonry cement it can be
90minutes. Final setting time of ideal cement mix should be
10 hours at max. For masonry cement it shouldn’t exceed
24hours.
8.What are common methods of curing the concrete?
Spraying
Wet covering of Surface
Ponding
Application of curing chemicals
Steam curing
9.What is the formula for weight of steel?
Weight of steel in kg can be calculate by formula (D2*L)/162;
where D is diameter of steel bar in millimeter and L is total
length of steel bar in meter
10.What do you know about “TMT”?
TMT stands for “Thermo Mechanically Treated”. Generally
we use TMT bars and sheet for construction purposes for
the reason that they have high strength and high corrosion
resistance compared to normal steels.
11.What is difference between working stress method and
limit state method?
Working stress method is an elastic design method in
which structure is designed to bear the load upto elastic
limit. Whereas, limit state method is a plastic design
method in which structure is designed to bear the load
beyond plastic limit.
12.What field tests are required for quality check of
cement?
Quality of cement can be checked with color, physical
properties, etc. Cement should have grey color with light
greenish shade. It should feel smooth when rubbed
between fingers. If hand is inserted in a heap of cement or
its bags, it should feel cool. When pinch of cement is
thrown in Water then cement should float for some time
before it sink. Also, it should be lump free.
13.What are the types of foundation used in construction?
There are basically two types of foundation: Shallow &
Deep foundation. Again shallow foundation can be
classified as spread footing, combined footing, strap or
cantilever footing and finally mat or raft footing. Deep
foundations can be classified as pile footing, pier footing,
caissons footing and well foundation.
14.What are the types of cement?
There are various types of cement which are: Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC), White Portland Cement (WPC), Portland Pozzolana
Cement (PPC), Low Heat Portland Cement, Coloured Portland
Cement, Hydrophobic cement, Rapid Hardening Cement, Portland
Slag Cement, Sulphate resisting Portland Cement, etc.
15.What is guniting?
It is a process in which mixture of cement & sand in proportion of
1:3 is shooted on concrete surface with the help of cement gun
under pressure of 2 to 3 kg/cm2. It is a highly effective process for
repairing concrete walls or damaged surfaces.
16.What is the function of sand in mortar?
The main role of sand (aggregate) in mortar or plaster is to provide
core strength, but it has other benefits too. If water is mixed with
binder without adding sand to the mixture, both compressive and
tensile strength of the mixture would be drastically lower than in
mixture with added sand. It also helps to prevent mortar shrinkage,
increases density and helps in setting.
17.What are various tests for checking brick quality?
We can use water absorption test, hardness test, shape & size,
crushing strength test, soundness test, etc. to check the brick
quality. In water absorption test, we dip the brick for 16 hours in
water. If weight of brick after dipping in water doesn’t exceed by
20%, it can be considered as first class brick, if below 22.5% it can
be considered as second class brick, if below 25% it can be
considered as third class brick. In crushing test, it crushing
strength should be minimum of 10 N/mm2 for first class brick, 7.5
N/mm2 for second class bricks. In hardness test, we scratch the
brick with nails. It should be scratch free. In soundness test we
check the metallic sound by striking two bricks with each other.
18.What is void ratio?
Void ratio is the ratio of volume of voids to volume of solids.
The civil engineering interview questions asked above are useful
knowledge required in day-to-day work on field as a site engineer.
Hence, it is vital to have sound knowledge of these basic
questions.
 .What is OSHA compliance?
19

OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Health Act; its

motive is to fulfill the health and safety requirement of

employees and workers. It is a standard for health and

safety that is followed by every industrial segment and

corporate offices throughout U.S.A.

20.Mention what are the composition of a landfill?

For secure landfill, there are four critical elements

The bottom liner

A leachate collection system

A cover

Natural hydrogeologic settings

21.List out some of the software used in the

construction sector to estimate cost and monitoring
expenses?
Tally System

Sage

Maxwell System

Premier construction software

eTakeoff

Construction partner, etc.

 22.What are the different types of foundation?
1. Three main types of foundation are
2. Basement: In this a basement is prepared first on top of it
building is constructed
3. Crawl space: A crawl space is a raised foundation, it is built
above the ground, just allowing enough space to crawl
underneath
4. Slab: In this foundation, concrete is directly poured into the
pit made in the ground.
23Explain what is Hybrid Foundation?
Hybrid Foundation is usually used for high rise building, it
contains both soil supported mat and piles. This type of
foundation is helpful in reducing the amount of the settlement.
What are the common ways of demolition?
1. Hydro-demolition
2. Pressure Bursting
3. Dismantling
24.Explain what is floating slab foundation?
A floating concrete foundation is a type of mat foundation that
consists of the hollow mat formed by a grid of thick reinforced
concrete walls between two thick reinforced concrete slabs.
25.Explain what is flashing?
Flashing is an extended construction that is done to seal and
protects joints in a building from water penetration. Flashing is
installed at the intersecting roofs, walls and parapets.
Mention different types of roof systems?
1. Slate or Stone roofs
2. Wood shingle roofs
3. Metal roofing systems
 26.Explain what are the phases inspections are done by local
authority while construction?
Various inspections during the construction includes
• Site Inspection
• Pre-construction or first construction Inspection
• Foundation inspection(before placing of concrete)
• Framing inspection ( before insulating or covering frame)
• Insulation inspection ( After insulation is completed)
• Final inspection (after all construction is completed, and permits
are received)
27.List out some of the checking’s, done at the completion of
construction?
Some of the checking done on the exterior of the construction is
• Utility connections
• Drainage
• Retaining walls
• Compaction of fill material
• Caulking at opening
• Storm sewer system
• Safety provision ( terraces, porches, areaways)
• Accessory buildings
• Pavement edging
• Protection against moisture penetration
• Design of dwelling structure
28.Explain what is alternate bid ?
Alternate bid is the amount stated in the bid to be deducted or added
from the base bid amount. Alternate bid is proposed when there is a
use of alternate materials or methods of construction.
29.Explain what is change order request?
Change order request is a written document issued or given by the
owner, requesting an adjustment to the contract sum or an
extension of the contract time. Usually, it is issued by the architect or
owners representative.
 30.If you have to estimate a Building, what type of data
do you need?
· A project specification- Document which describe the
quantity, type, nature, construction method and size of
construction work
· Project drawings- Architectural Drawing Includes The
buildings for 2-D and 3-D
· Rates of materials- Usually to know the The average
construction cost of home depend on the material cost.
that varies location wise.
31.What is the size of Fine aggregate?
(< 4,75 sieve, passing-ex-Sand )
32.Why Are Pull-out Tests Performed For Soil Nails?
Pull out tests are performed for primarily the following
reasons:
In order to detect and the verification of the bond
strength among the soil and the grout adopted during
the design of soil nails. This is considered to be as the
primary objective of performing pull out tests for soil
nails.
For the detection of any slippage or occurrence of
creeps.
To detect the elastic and deformations (plastic) of any
of the test nails employed. Observations are made
during the loading and unloading cycles of the soil nails
repetitively.
To achieve the perfect balance the test nails should
always be loaded so that the ultimate soil/grout mixture
with an upper limit of 80%.
33.What do you mean by bulking?

(the volume increase of fine aggregate due to presence of Moisture

Content in it)

34.Which cement is used for mainly building construction where

strength required with age-

(PPC)

Why Is Propping Required For Long Structures Once The Form

35.

Work Is Removed?

Once the process of concreting is performed the striking of the

formworks should be done as soon as possible as delay in this process

can lead to the discoloration of the concrete structures. In case of long

structures particularly long span structures once the structures have

attained enough strength to support themselves it is essential to

provide them with propping as creep deflection can take place which

can greatly reduce the integrity of the structure.

Due to the above mentioned reasons propping should be done after

the removal of formwork. Also the props should not be made to stand

long as it can lead to overstress for the structures.

36.Unit Weight of RCC

(25Kn/cum)

37.Thickness of DPC –

50mm

38.Water to be used in concrete must have a PH value of?

(6 to 8.5 )
39.What is BBS?-

bar bending schedule meaning way to organizing rebar’s for

structural unit, giving detailed reinforcement requirement.

40.What is material statement?-

it’s a Table showing quantity of materials required for a particular

work. For the Excavation, Brick work, R.C.C P.C.C and other

What is analysis of rates?

41.

-it’s a process in which overall cost of any item of work is

determined per unit quantity of work.

42. What do you mean by demising walls?

The demising wall is used for the border that separates your land

from neighbour’s house.

43.What is the Tension and Compression zone in Cantilever Beam?

In Cantilever Beam, the Tension zone is located above the Neutral Axis

and the Compression zone is located below the Neutral Axis.

44. What is least cover provided for different RCC Members?

Footing = 50 mm

Column = 40mm

Beam = 25mm

Slab = 20mm

Which grade of concrete is considered as HSC (High Strength

45.

Concrete)?

As per IS 456: 2000 [Table – 2], the grade of concrete considered as

HSC (High Strength Concrete) is M65, M70, M75, M80, M85, M90, M95,

and M100.

46. What are the functions of column in a building?

Column is a verticle member in building whose primary function is to

support structural load and transfer it through beams. Upper columns

transfers the load to the lower columns and finally to the ground

through footings.

47.What is the cement sand & aggregate ratios for various grades
of concrete mix?

M10 – 1:3:6

M15 – 1:2:4

M20 – 1:1.5:3

M25 – 1:1:2

M30 – 1:1:1
48.What do you mean by honeycomb in concrete?
Honeycomb, also known as airpocket, is nothing but the air voids in

concrete. It is usually formed during concrete casting.

49.Why should pumping be not used in case of concreting

works?
During the pumping operation the pump exerted pressure must

overcome any friction between the pumping pipes and the

concrete, also the weight of the concrete and the pressure head

when the concrete is placed above the pumps. Since only water is

pump able, all the pressure generated is by the water that is

present in the concrete. The major problem due to pumping are

segregation effects and bleeding. In order to rectify and reduce

these effects, generally the proportion of the cement is increased in

order to increase the cohesion , which leads to the reduction of

segregation and bleeding. Also if a proper selection of the

aggregate grading can vastly improve the concrete pump ability.

50.What is the number of concrete cube samples taken for 6-15

cubic meter concrete?
As per IS 456: 2000 [Clause – 15.2.2], the number of concrete cube

samples taken for 6-15 cubic meter concrete is 2, which consists of

6 concrete cubes.

1 samples = 3 test specimens = 3 concrete cube

Does Water damage concrete?

51.

Plain concrete is not affected or damaged by water but Reinforced

Concrete (RCC) can be damaged due to water. This is because the

water may seep into the concrete and corrode the steel

reinforcement inside.
52.What is the formula for weight of steel?

Weight of steel in kg can be calculate by formula (D2*L)/162;

where D is diameter of steel bar in millimeter and L is total

length of steel bar in meter.

53.What do you know about “TMT”?

TMT stands for “Thermo Mechanically Treated”. Generally we use

TMT bars and sheet for construction purposes for the reason that

they have high strength and high corrosion resistance compared

to normal steels.

54.What is the standard Diameter of Tremie Pipe?

As per IS 456: 2000 [Clause – 14.2.4(a)], The tremie pipe shall

be not less than 200 mm in diameter and shall be large enough

to allow a free flow of concrete and strong enough to withstand

the external pressure of the water in which it is suspended, even

if a partial vacuum develops inside the pipe.

55.What is difference between working stress method and

limit state method?

Working stress method is an elastic design method in which

structure is designed to bear the load upto elastic limit.

Whereas, limit state method is a plastic design method in which

structure is designed to bear the load beyond plastic limit.

56.What should be the spacing considered when we use
coupler in a longitudinal reinforcement bar?

As per IS Code 13920: 2016, Clause – 6.2.6.2 (b), The spacing

between adjacent longitudinal bars shall be based also on the

outer size of the coupler to allow easy flow of concrete.

What field tests are required for quality check of

57.

cement?

Quality of cement can be checked with color, physical

properties, etc. Cement should have grey color with light

greenish shade. It should feel smooth when rubbed between

fingers. If hand is inserted in a heap of cement or its bags, it

should feel cool. When pinch of cement is thrown in Water then

cement should float for some time before it sink. Also, it should

be lump free.

58. What are the types of foundation used in construction?

There are basically two types of foundation: Shallow & Deep

foundation. Again shallow foundation can be classified as

spread footing, combined footing, strap or cantilever footing

and finally mat or raft footing. Deep foundations can be

classified as pile footing, pier footing, caissons footing and well

foundation.
59.What are various tests for checking brick quality?

We can use water absorption test, hardness test, shape & size, crushing

strength test, soundness test, etc. to check the brick quality. In water

absorption test, we dip the brick for 16 hours in water. If weight of brick

after dipping in water doesn’t exceed by 20%, it can be considered as

first class brick, if below 22.5% it can be considered as second class

brick, if below 25% it can be considered as third class brick. In crushing

test, it crushing strength should be minimum of 10 N/mm2 for first class

brick, 7.5 N/mm2 for second class bricks. In hardness test, we scratch the

brick with nails. It should be scratch free. In soundness test we check the

metallic sound by striking two bricks with each other.

60. What is RERA?

As per the Real Estate (Regulation & Development) Act, 2016 – Real Estate

Regulatory Authority (RERA) would regulate and promote the real estate

sector. The RERA will –

• Ensure the sale of land or building or a project in an efficient and

transparent manner

• Protect the interests of consumers/buyers

• Establish an Appellate Tribunal mechanism to ensure speedy redressal of

disputes

• Covers both residential and commercial projects

What is void ratio?

61.

Void ratio is the ratio of volume of voids to volume of solids.

The civil engineering interview questions asked above are useful

knowledge required in day-to-day work on field as a site engineer. Hence,

it is vital to have sound knowledge of these basic questions.

62.What Is The Compressive Strength Of Brick?
Second class brick-70kg/cm2

First class brick-105kg/cm2

Fire brick-125kg/cm2

What’s The Length Of Rise And Tread In The Staircase?

Rise – 150mm to 200mm, Tread – 250mm to 300mm

63.What Is The Unit Weight Of Concrete?

As per IS: 456-2000 Unit weight of Plain cement

concrete is 24KN/m3 and Reinforced cement concrete

is 25KN/m3

64. What Is Soil Analysis?

Soil analysis is the testing of soil to determine the

nutritional and elemental composition of the soil. It is

generally tested for knowing the contents of nitrogen,

potassium, and phosphorous.

65.Which Is The World’s Tallest Man-Made

Structure?
The world’s tallest man-made structure is the Burj Dubai

which stands at Approx. 830 meters tall.

66.What Are The Steps Involved In The Concreting Process,
Explain?
steps involved in the concreting process are :

1. Batching

2. Mixing

3. Transporting and placing of concrete

4. Compacting.

67. What Are The Nominal Concrete Mix Proportions For

Different Grades?
Nominal mix concrete used for concrete of M-20 or lower.

M5- 1:5:10,

M7.5- 1:4:8,

M15- 1:2:4,

M20-1:1.5:3

68. What Is Ductility?

Ductility is the ability to deform under tensile stress.

69.How Do You Find The Weight Of A Steel Bar Used In

Reinforcement?
Weight of Bar in kg/m = D2 /162.2 { D- Diameter of bar in mm }

70.What’s The Difference Between A One-Way Slab And A

Two-Way Slab?
One way slab: Ratio of Longer Span / Shorter span > 2

Two-way slab: when the Ratio of Longer span / shorter span <=

2
71. What Is A Flat Slab?
The slab which is supported on columns (Flab slab don’t

have beams)

72.What Is The Difference Between Engineering

Stress And True Stress?
At any load, the engineering stress is the load divided by

this initial cross- area. At any load, the true stress is the

load divided by the cross-area at that instant.

73.What Is The Slope Of The Staircase?

As per IS 456, the slope or pitch of stairs should be

between 25 degrees to 40 degrees.

74.What Is A Crank Length In The Slab?

The crank length in Slab is 0.42 D.

Where D = Slab thickness – (Top cover + Bottom Cover)

75. What Is The Honeycombing Of Concrete?

Honeycombs are hollow spaces and cavities left in

concrete mass on the surface or inside the concrete

mass where concrete could not reach. These look like

honey bees nest.

76.What Do You Mean By Segregation?
Segregation is a separation of cement, sand from

aggregate. This is caused due to Water cement ratio

and when concrete is poured about more than 1.5m

77. What Is Bleeding In Concrete?

Bleeding is one form of segregation, where water

comes out to the surface of the concrete, because of

it’s the lowest specific gravity of water among all the

ingredients of concrete.

78.What Is Grouting?
Grout is a fluid form of concrete that is used to fill the

voids.

79.What Is The Allowable Moisture Content In Fine

Aggregate For The Concrete Mix?
We won’t use the aggregate if its moisture content is

more than 5%.

80.1 BHK Full Form?

1 Bedroom, 1 Hall, 1kitchen

81.What Is The Initial & Final Setting Time Of

Concrete?
Initial Setting time: 30mins, Final setting time: 10hrs
82.What Are The Main Reasons For Building Collapse?
There are several reasons for building collapse. Passage of time is

the main reason. Also weak foundations, Natural calamities like

earthquakes, Tsunamis, etc

83.State the Applications Of Modulus Of Elasticity.

The modulus of elasticity is related to the flexibility of the material.

This value of modulus of elasticity is very important in the case of

the deflection of different materials used in construction.

What Are The Basic Differences Between Absorption,

84.

Adsorption, And Sorption?

Absorption: It is the conversion or mixing of one material into

another state.

Adsorption: The physical bonding of ions and molecules onto

the surface of another phase

Sorption: It is a physical and chemical process in which one

substance becomes attached to another.

Ex: cotton dipped in an ink bottle

85.How Do You Check The Quality Of Cement On The Site?

Date of Mfg: Cement strength decreases with its age so it is very

important to check.

Color: The Colour should be grey with light greenish. color is an

indication of excess lime or clay

Float test: A good cement will float for some time and then sinks.

Also, When you put your hand in a cement bag you should feel cool.
86.State The Building Codes.
These codes are set of specifications given by NBC ( national building

code ) which states the dimensions and regulations of any building in

India { Every country has different building codes}

87.Describe Briefly The Various Methods Of Concrete Curing?

Curing is the process of maintaining temperature and moisture

conditions for hardening of concrete are known as curing. This process

of curing helps fresh concrete from shrinkage:

(a) Spraying of water: In this method, water is sprinkled over the

concrete structures, Ex: columns, walls, etc

(b) Wet covering of surface: This can be cured by using the wet gunny

bags or straw

(c) Ponding: the horizontal surfaces including the slab and floors can

be cured by stagnating the water for a longer time.

(d) Steam curing: This method pf curing is used in prefabricated

concrete units. steam is passed over the units that are under closed

chambers. This allows faster curing and results in faster recovery.

(e) Application of curing compounds: compounds having calcium

chloride can be applied on the curing surface. This keeps the surface

wet for a long time.

88.Explain The Cavitation Process In Pipes & Drains?

Usually due to the air bubble formation within the fluids usually because

of low-pressure conditions get even lower than the saturation pressure

is defined as the cavitation process. This creates a potentially

damaging situation to the durability of pipes.

89.What is the maximum percentage dosage of retarder we
can use?

Answer: As per IS 456: 2000 [Clause – 10.3.3], the maximum

percentage dosage of retarder we can use is 0.5 percent by

weight of cementitious materials.

90.What is the Rolling Margin Tolerance for Nominal mass for

a 25 m diameter bar?

Answer: As per IS 1786, the Rolling Margin Tolerance for Nominal

mass for 25 m diameter bar is ±3 %.

What is the allowable maximum percentage of Carbon in

91.

the manufacturing of TMT (Thermo Mechanically Treated)

Bar?

Answer: As per [IS 1786, Clause- 3.2], the allowable maximum

percentage of Carbon in the manufacturing of TMT (Thermo

Mechanically Treated) Bar is 0.25 %

What is the Standard Length of Steel Bar taken for Rolling

92.

Margin?

Answer: The Standard Length of Steel Bar taken for Rolling Margin

at Construction site is 1 meter.

93. What is the allowable tolerance for Concrete Cover size?

Answer: As per IS 456: 2000 [Clause – 12.3.2], the Actual concrete

cover should not deviate from the required nominal cover by +10

mm and -0 mm.
94. What is the reference IS code used for the Bend Test
of a Steel bar?

Answer: The reference IS code used for the Bend Test of a

Steel bar is IS 1599.

95. What is the angle for the Bending of steel bar for the
Bend test?

Answer: As per IS 1599, the angle for the Bending of steel bar

for the Bend test is 180 degrees.

96. What is the minimum curing period required when we

use blended cement in construction?

Answer: As per IS 456: 2000 [Clause – 13.5.1], the minimum

curing period required when we use mineral admixtures or

blended cement in construction is 10 days.

97. What is the diameter of the Mandrel used for the

Bend Test of Fe 500 for diameter 20 mm?

Answer: As per IS 1786, the diameter of the Mandrel used for

the Bend Test of Fe 500 for diameter 20 mm is 4 Φ, where Φ

is the diameter of the bar.

98 . What is the Slump value for Pumped concrete?

Answer: As per IS 456: 2000 [Clause – 7.1], the Slump value

for Pumped concrete is (75 – 100) mm.

99. What is the angle for the Bending of steel bar for
the Rebend test?

Answer: For the Rebend test, Initially bend the bar to an

included angle of 135 degrees. Keep it in boiling water

at 100 degrees for 30 minutes. Then cool it down for

some time. After cooling bent it back to an included

angle of 157.5 degrees.

100. Which IS code specified for Mandrel diameter

for Bend and Rebend test?

Answer: The IS code specified for Mandrel diameter for

Bend and Rebend test is IS 1786.

. What is the maximum percentage dosage of

101

plasticizers we can use?

Answer: As per IS 456: 2000 [Clause – 10.3.3], the

maximum percentage dosage of plasticizers we can use

is 1.0 percent by weight of cementitious materials.

ROLE OF A SITE ENGINEER IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

As a site engineer, in a construction project of high rise

buildings, you carry a lot of responsibility to finish the project in

time and with cent percent accuracy. As we know,

construction projects are generally a one time activity and are

irreversible in nature.

Hence, it is on site engineer to inspect the activities/work on

construction site and ensure that everything is going as per the

schedule, plan & design.

In a way, these points reflect the role and responsibilities of a

site engineer in a construction project of high rise buildings

BRICK WORK
1. During the brickwork, the vertical alignment of bricks has to be

constantly checked, while piling brick, with the help of plumb-bob

attached to a rope.

2. For 9-inch wall, the rod is not necessary. But for brick-work of 4

½ inch wall, a single rod has to be placed after each 5 layers of

brick.

3. During brick-work, the brick should be wetted in water before

using it in brick work of wall.

4. During brickwork there must be kept small gap between bricks

and the gap must be filled properly with cement mix prepared.

5. Chipping must be done in the beams and columns before brick

work.
CASTING OF SLAB, BEAMS AND COLUMNS

1. The props used for supporting shuttering plies

(during casting of slab and beam) must be kept

perfectly vertical and the gaping between these

props shouldn’t exceed 1m. Props must be properly

tightened.

2. During casting of slab, the concrete mix shouldn’t

leak from down-side of shuttering plies. If so, it

should be checked and hole must be blocked.

3. Spacing of rings and formwork should be checked

using the drawing of beams and slabs.

4. Leveling of slabs and beams (shuttering plies) has

to be checked using theodolite before casting.

5. Small pieces of concrete block have to be

inserted below formwork to maintain the spacing.

6. The plywood used for supporting the slab should

be changed after using it for casting slabs 3-4 times

FINISHING
1. 90 degree has to be maintained in all nooks

and corners of room while plastering or finishing.

2. Finishing of Plaster work must be checked.

3. Alignment of walls, ducks should be checked.

4. Dimensions of windows, doors & other

elements of room should be checked

all creadit goes to ganpati bappa shri swami
samarth shani dev udaygiri baba mashner
raya
HUGE
SALE