Review article

What can be the role of Ayurveda in Health Education: An Overview.

Vishal Gupta1, Vandana Verma2*
1
Ph.D. Research Scholar, 2Assistant Professor Department of KriyaSharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India.

ABSTRACT
In the present highly changing era, every dimension from Technology to Education, Environment to
Sanitation and from Agriculture to our Food basket is getting changed. Our experiences say that the most
affected ethnic group from this rapidly changing pattern of our food intake, lifestyle are our adolescent.
This is also a fact that our adolescent passes their 2/3 of time of a day in their schools. In this regard our
school system needs to formulate their comprehensive approach to Health for our adolescents. On other
hand Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of Medicine had expressed views on a concept of Holistic
Health thousand years ago. This research article is an attempt of borrowing this valuable concept from
Ayurveda and suggesting to introduce them into our comprehensive school health programme such as
concept of wellness, quality of life, Holistic Health and measures related to diet and lifestyle for
preservation, promotion of health and prevention of disorders etc.
This manuscript also evaluates the existing approaches of school health programmes towards current
scenario. Now a day’s our food habits, dietary intake and the life style are not at the level of satisfactory
condition this lead to early onset of metabolic chronic disorder especially in our adolescents because on
the basis of age-immunity relationship they are easily targeted. The chronic metabolic disorders results
into overweight, obesity, anxiety, mental trauma, distress, over- fatigued, incapable for physical work,
getting tired soon.
This article provides a space to rethink and reformulate our school health programmes in light of our
ancient tradition of medicine.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Education, Holistic health, KriyaSharir

INTRODUCTION energy, vast curiosity, having a gradual process of physical

changing, sudden change in their emotions, highly enthusiastic
The status of health was traditionally been observed by the rate towards social dimensions and the most important ; being
at which people die. A decreasing rate of death has been taken capable for habit formation especially their eating habits,
as an indication of improving health conditions. But from past dietary pattern hygienic practices and life style. If in this
few decades however the concept of health has undergone habit formation age adolescents are taught about the Ayurvedic
significant changes. Now there is a new interest in one’s total concept of holistic health, a balanced dietary pattern and life
quality of life rather than merely the length of life. The concept style, a prescribed food intake as per their physiological need,
of health education is not a subject matter of only medical and a healthy life style, code of conduct, this may lead them a
science meanwhile health education is an integral part of each good academic performer in their studies along with proper
level of each curricula. May be this issue is not being physical and mental growth will help in achieving holistic
introduced directly but health education is an integral part of health and wellness. This article focusing on a connectedness of
our day to day life experiences. Basically preschool children health issues with our school going children’s day to day life
and primary school children completely depends on their and hence highlights the need to formulate a comprehensive
parents or care taker; but from the age of adolescence our approach to health and school life rather than touching a single
society or their community begins the efforts to develop a set of categorical concern. Although an enough quantity of work on
good health practices aiming to a good life style. By this way adolescent health is being introduced in school curricula but
the health education aims at to let them introduced about this is yet to be properly institutionalized. This demands our
healthy life style including from health and hygienic practices teachers and students as well to deal with each of these
to a healthy food intake and behavior. Students in the age range concerns one by one and then collectively.
between 10-19 years are categorized as adolescent1. The period
of adolescence is perhaps the most crucial period of an
individual’s life. Adolescent characterized by creative bursts of METHODOLOGY
*Correspondence: VandanaVerma
E-mail: [email protected]
A comprehensive literature search was done on the concept of
Received Oct 03, 2019; Accepted Nov 25, 2019; Published Feb 28, health education, wellness and quality of life, various health
2020 promotive measures described in Ayurveda from standard text
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5667/tang.2020.0005 books of Ayurveda and Education, research articles from
©2020 by CellMedOrthocellular Medicine Pharmaceutical Association different online journals of standard e-database like PubMed,
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license. PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Medline, and Science Direct
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/)

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 What can be the role of Ayurveda in Health Education: An Overview.

were searched to get relevant research papers related to work has been done most of them are associated with only
manuscript. health issues.
The scenario for writing this review article is partially
based on literature and partially based on survey conducted by Aim of Education
an eminent company named Hindustan Liver taken three It is said that Education gives third eye to a person. It means an
schools (situated at Delhi, Chennai and Punjab region) eye of insight; this insight is needed to remove darkness and
affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education. The data shatters illusion. As our, classical literature defines “Tamso-
concerned by Hindustan Liver depicts, that our school children MaaJyotirgamaya”(BrihadaranyakaUpnishad Part 1, 3/28).The
are not healthy, neither mentally nor physically (Srihari G.et.al word education derived from a Latin word Educo, E stands for
2007). The another survey data used in the presented article is out of and the word Duco means to lead. In simple, education
conducted by National Family Health Survey NFHS round III means to bring outside. Among many core objectives of
reveals that not only our male adolescent but also female education the main objective of education is not only to get a
adolescent are suffering from metabolic chronic disorder high earning job or business but it also helps one to understand
(NFHS-3 2005-06)Govt. of India. one self’s body and mind, capabilities, social values and culture
The literature based on health Surveys of school education to that one can remain physically and mentally, socially,
recommended by school Health check-ups manual adopted by spiritually healthy and can make healthy social and
some state school health education Boards. A comprehensive environmental interaction.
school Health Check-ups guideline developed by CBSE has
also been reviewed. Eventually these all literature provides a Health education in the form of comprehensive school
space to us for updating and adding the role of Ayurveda in health programs
Health education. Health does not mean only absence of disease it also includes
complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. In the 19th
century we have seen that how morbidly and mortality were
REVIEW AND DISCUSSION closely associated with infectious diseases but from 20th
century to recent the major causes of our sufferings are our bad
Why Health Education should be an integral part of school food habits, wrong dietary pattern, malnutrition in terms of
curricula? over nourishment and over eating excessively less physical
Developing countries such as India is under passing through a activity and more mental trauma and our faulty life style due to
nutritional transition due to increased market globalization lack of awareness and education about the concept of health
leading to a rapid change in our life style. Use of machines and and preventive and promotive measures of health. Ultimately
electronic gadgets has reduced markedly the physical activity. the above mentioned factors are collectively responsible for our
This decreased physical activity along with poor dietary habits behaviours (Rathi 2017)
have led to an increase in obesity and overweight. A research Our recent curricula of school education deals much on
survey conducted by an imminent Indian Company Hindustan communicable diseases and side step the portion of non-
liver2 depicts these surprising facts as depicted below in the communicable diseases. National policy on Education 1986
table: signifies the holistic nature of child development viz. food and
nutrition health and social, mental, physical, moral and
emotional development. Since the early nineteenth, School
Overweight % Obesity% health program has been believed to include three major areas
(Joint committee report on health 1961, pg. 6-8) and these are
School
Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls
Region
1. School health services such as Health care complexes
Delhi 24.7 23.1 27.7 7.4 8.3 5.5 2. School health education (Information making
awareness among students)
Chennai 16.3 17.8 15.8 3.2 3.6 2.9 3. School health environment (Location of School
premises)
Punjab 10.9 9.9 12.0 5.6 5.0 6.3
We know that how a school health programs plays a
significant role through the route of health inspections, routine
check-ups, health interventions, immunization campaign and
Findings from the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) soother related activities.1Health and education there are two
adolescence are poorly informed on the issue associated with major concerns both aim at maximum welfare of mankind but
their own health. This survey also reveals a fact that on one run at the two different corners. So health must be a strong part
side young people are considered healthier comparatively on of our education and in this health issue we need to have strong
another side 56% of females and 25% males in the 15-24 age impact of precautionary effort incorporated with the life style
group suffer from anaemia.3 This may affect adversely their of our youngsters.
physical growth, cognitive development and performance in The real aim of health education is not only to increase our
school. So in this way adolescent are urgent needed to be school aged students’ health knowledge but also to promote
empowered by acquiring reliable knowledge about their health behaviour and to create positive health attitude towards
specific concerns, including rational attitude in order to manage their own wellbeing. Although there are some introductory
peer pressure, depression, stress and make them capable to scattered information is given in curricula of prescribed text
avoid risky behaviour4. Now we need a national policy on book but that information is highly associated with some
school based health promotion in this regard to make alarming certain chapters and limited to sharing only some information
awareness among our adolescent about their wrong food habits with some specific objectives of the module so keeping this
and dietary pattern with a disturbed life style. In this field it is lacuna the prime objective of the presented study is to transmit
not worth saying that no work has been done even if those this information into some behavioural changes in their life

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 What can be the role of Ayurveda in Health Education: An Overview.

style and try to correlate this with the day to day experiences (acquirement of wealth), Kama (gratification of desire) and
hoping more positive changes may occur.2 In our country Moksha (final emancipation) could be achieved successfully
Indian school treat any health programs as an initiatives and in only in state of Arogya (good health) (Charak Samhita
this regard in our point of view health promotion in school Sutrasthan1/14). So it is necessary to maintain the human
must be a part of our middle school curricula. Since students of body physically and mentally, spiritually fit. Diseases are the
this age group belongs to transition period from child to destroyers of health, wellbeing and a great obstacle in the way
adolescence and is considered as most appropriate age for habit of human life. Dharma is righteous code of conduct governed
formation and character building.3 The increasing pandemic of by the soul i.e. consciousness, Artha is the attainment of wealth,
emerging non –communicable diseases i.e. also known as non- Kama is the fulfilment of worldly desires; Moksha is liberation
infectious diseases has raised the importance of a setting or complete detachment from the worldly life. Arogya means
approach and include the health promotion through our schools, health, represents the equilibrium state among the Dosha
having a framework to promote better health and hygiene. (biological factors regulating all the functions of the body),
Dhatus (body tissues) and Mala (waste products of digestion
Ayurveda and metabolism) in the absence of disease. Happiness is the
India is admirably advanced in knowledge of traditions and ultimate goal of human life. For this, balance of mental,
practices. In past decades India had a rich tradition of physical, spiritual and social health and wellbeing is essential.
intellectual inquiry and a literary heritage. Ayurveda is among Ayurveda has extensively described the measures through
one of them. The word Ayurveda consist of two words ‘Ayus’ which the healthy person can preserve their health and the ill
means life and ‘Veda’ means knowledge. Therefore the word can overcome their suffering in order to attain their desired
Ayurveda, means knowledge of life i.e. study of life. Ayuveda happiness during this human birth.
has two major objectives, first is SwasthasyaSwasthyaRak-
shanam means preservation of health of a healthy individual, Concept of Quality of life in Ayurveda
and second is AtursyaVikaraPrasmanam means management of On the basis of quality of life the Lifespan (Ayu) may be of
disease of a diseased person or to remove the suffering from four kinds namely Sukhayu (disease-free state with happiness)
disease. Ayurveda has given extensive measures for each phase and Dukhayu (life afflicted with disease and sorrow), Hitayu
of lifespan to attain healthy state and longevity. Ayurveda (adopting congenial diet and life style leads to happiness),
physicians have advised that individual should adopt diet and Ahitayu (adopting non-congenial diet and lifestyle leads to
lifestyle after proper analysis of his/her own body and mind. disease and sorrow) (Charak Samhita Sutrasthan13/41).
Everyone should know the basics of human body and its Ayurveda has defined what is good (hita) and what is bad (ahita)
homeostasis with the environment and advised to follow the for life, concerning different states of life span. In the above
diet and code of conduct as prescribed under the concept of verse the words Hita and Sukha are closely interlinked whereas
Dincharya, Ritucharya and Sadvritta. the word Ahita and Dukha are also interlinked. If a person is
Ayurveda has given comprehensive measures for health happy in his own mental and physical level his life is
which can be summarised under three categories for purpose of considered as a Sukhayu but if the person is not following the
health education 1. Preventive health education (Knowledge ethical code of conducts and making harm to society and
about Sadvritta (code of concuct), Dincharya(daily routine), environment then his life is considered as Ahitaayu. In term of
Dharniya and Adharniyavega i.e. biological natural reflex urges, Ayurveda a person is treated completely happy when he is
2. Promotive health education (Knowledge about use of happy from his inner part of body with his surrounding also.
Rasayandravya), 3. Absolute health education (Knowledge Thus this description about life refers to various dimensions of
about the measures of Moksha i.e. salvation) health viz. physical, mental, social and spiritual.

KriyaSharir Our traditional view of health and Wellness, an Ayurvedic

KriyaSharir is the branch of Ayurveda science, which deals approach of Holistic health
with the study of human body in relation to its physiological As far as the definition of wellness is concerned the eminent
norms i.e. functioning of human body. KriyaSharir i.e. health expert Dunn defines “Wellness is an integrated method
Ayurveda biology is based on Tridosha i.e. Vata, Pitta, Kapha of functioning for maximizing an individual’s potentials.”
(biological factors responsible for all bodily functions and According to Bruhn “Wellness is treated as a measurable
regulations), Agni (biofire responsible for digestion and process involving a person’s active participation to become
metabolism), Srotas(body channels of transport and more healthy.” Wellness is more than being free from illness; it
transformation), Oja (immunity, physical and mental strength), is a dynamic process of change and growth. It is a conscious
Satva (mind) and Atma (consciousness). Ayurveda has self-directed and evolving process of achieving full potential.
extensively observed and enumerated all the factors that are Ayurveda also believes that health is a dynamic state it
responsible for homeostasis of Tridosha, Agni and Oja, such as depends on the conscious effort of an individual, right adoption
Daily routine (Dincharya), Diet as per season, personal of diet and code of conduct results in healthy state and faulty
hygienic practices and code of conduct (Sadvritta), seasonal diet and code of conduct will lead to disease and unhealthy life.
routine (Ritucharya), personality or Prakirti (Psycho-somatic The concept of health and wellness has been well explored and
constitution), tastes (Rasas) and their effects on human body, comprehensive descriptions have been made by Ayurveda
etc. The Ayurveda biology aims to explore the normal scholars. They have considered all dimensions of health i.e.
functions of the living organism, their principles, mechanism physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing, while defining
and actions. It involves understanding human physiology along the ideal state of health. As Sushruta has defined that the person
with the principles of functions of human body from Ayurvedic in considered healthy whose Dosha (biological entities
perspective. responsible for regulation of all bodily functions and
regulations), Agni (biofire responsible for digestion and
Aim of human life described in Ayurveda metabolism), Dhatu (tissues), are in optimal functional state,
Ayurveda the Science of life has conceived that four main excretion of Mala (waste products) is proper, sensory and
pursuits of human life i.e. Dharma (virtuous acts), Artha motor organs and mental faculties are normal and having

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 What can be the role of Ayurveda in Health Education: An Overview.

happiness of mind and soul (Sushruta Samhita One should not speak badly about good persons and
Sutrasthan115/10). teachers. (Carak Samhita 8/23).
Ayurveda believes that Mind, soul and body are like a
tripod; the life is sustained by their combination (Charak (B) Acara Rasayana (Code of conducts which produce
Samhita Sutrasthan11/42). The modern concept of health health benefits as Rasayan drug)
(Health does not mean only absence of disease it also One should always speak truth refrain from anger, alcohol and
includes a complete physical, mental and social wellbeing) violence. One should be peaceful avoid exertion, speak sweetly
accepted by W.H.O. has been propounded thousands year back and practice cleanliness. One should be courageous, generous,
by the rich tradition of Ayurveda (Health is a state of and kind to all. One should sleep and get up at proper time, take
physiological, psychological and spiritual well-being). Even milk and ghee every day have knowledge about place, time
Ayurveda has added spiritual aspects also and made it three should have proper planning with intelligence not egoistic,
dimensional that is health is reflected by our body, mind and have good conduct, be devoid of wrong thoughts included
soul. This concept of health is known as holistic health. towards philosophy have belief in God, serve elders, read
religious books. (Charak Samhita 1/4/30-35).
Code of Conducts
In this article many points discussed for maintaining good (C) Dharniyavegas (suppressible urges)
heath; now some other aspects for mental health like Sadvritta, One desirous of his well-being has to suppress certain urges
Acara rasayana and Dharaniyavega which has significant role like doing work which is more to his capacity which will lead
in achievement of social and mental dimensions of health will to unwanted effect on the body and bad deeds mentally.
be discussed. Similarly one should control urges of greed, grief, anger, fear,
ego, shamelessness, jealousy, excessive attachment and desire
(A) Sadvritta for things.
Sadvritta is consists of two words ‘Sat’ meaning good and All those aspects mentioned above aims towards mental
‘Vritta’ means Acara means behave. By this way relating to harmony. Lord Budhha considers desires as the route cause for
good people leads to the path of good behaviour can be unhappiness. These mental orientations are treated as six
considered as Sadvritta. For fulfilling and maintaining good enemies onto the path of happiness. They are desire (Kama),
health of sense organs and the mind, one has to observe the anger (Krodh), greed (Lobha), attachment (Moha), ego (Mada)
following path. and jealousy (Matsara). Indian system of medicine Ayurveda
1. Proper interaction of sense organ depicts that one who conquers these will be treated happy and
2. Proper thoughtful analysis by his own intelligence one who fails to do so be unhappy. Charak considers grief an
3. Proper acting contradistinction to the qualities of aggravating factor of disease, worry as emaciating detachment
places, seasons and own’s psycho somatic among nourishing greed as prime factors responsible for
constitution (Chakrapani on Charak Sutra 8/17) trouble. (Charak Samhita 25/40).
Dietary considerations- A detailed guideline have been
Sadvritta not only includes mental discipline but also rules described related to food cooking, selection of food ingredients,
for general hygiene, religion, food consumption, exercise and beneficial and harmful food combinations, food intake.
so on. Similar principles are maintained in Acara Rasayan and Similarly Daily routine and Seasonal regimens have been also
Dharaniya Vega. Ayurveda admits that mind, soul and body are mentioned to maintain the health and prevent the disorders.
the three pillars of life. In the continuation of this writing we By the above said expressions extracted from an eminent
will discuss some points associated with code of conduct. and well known fundamental book of Indian system of
I. Rules regarding hygiene - One should cut hair, medicine (Ayurveda) Charaksamhita, Sushrutasamhita and
moustache ,body hair and nails thrice in fifteen days, Astanghridyam; one should act in such a way that he will be
wear cleaned good cloth every day (Charak Samhita always healthy by remembering all the things mentioned in
8/18). Code of Conducts.
II. Rules regarding social behaviours - One should The state of health is dynamic and it depends on diet
follow the path of abstinence, +knowledge, lifestyle adopted by an individual. When a person adopts diet
donations, friendship, happiness, detachment and and lifestyle, good code of conduct congenial to his
peace. One should not desire for others money. psychosomatic constitution as per age and season, level of
(Charak Samhita 8/29). physical activity, then it leads to a healthy state of body and
III. Rules regarding study- One should not study during mind and vice-versa.
unseasonal lightning or when direction look as if There is a very surprising fact that Ayurveda gives
being burnt, during earth quake fairs, new moon day emphasis on individual’s wellness compare to community’s
(Charak Samhita 8/24). wellness. Ayurveda assumes if an individual is healthy and
IV. Rules’ regarding natural body urges - One should holds the characteristics of wellbeing whole the community
not sneeze, eat or sleep in prone position, not do any will have good health. Actually the recently added term “Social
work with holding the natural urges. One should not well-being” introduced by WHO along with the definition of
spit and defecate in front of fire, water, sun and flow health has been defined thousand years ago in Ayurveda.
of directional wind. (Charak Samhita 8/21). Ayurveda states the balance of inner environment and
V. Rules regarding diet- One should not take stale food. personalised medicine.
One should not take food without taking bath, The core concept of Ayurveda is to maintain life skill and to
wearing torn cloth, without praying God, without deal with the daily requirement in our life such as diet as per
offering forefather, teacher, guest and dependent. seasonal changes. Ayurveda is not merely a branch of medicine
(Charak Samhita 8/20). it is a science of life so in this age wrong dietary patterns itself
VI. Rules regarding speech-One should wish to speak is needed to be corrected by some major interventions
less, timely conducive and in sweet language. One mentioned in our Ayurveda.
should not speak lies, point out mistakes of others.

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 What can be the role of Ayurveda in Health Education: An Overview.

Ayurveda talks about the conscious effort of an individual BriskaSudjana, IrvanAfriandi, JulistioDjais. Correlation of
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