ES8388

ES8388 User Guide

ES8388 User Guide

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1 ES8388 BLOCK DIAGRAM .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3

2 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITION ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

3 TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

4 I2C / SPI INTERFACE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6

5 DIGITAL AUDIO INTERFACE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.1 MASTER AND SLAVE MODE OPREATION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.2 MCLK / LRCK RATIO AND MCLK / SCLK RATIO ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 FOUR DIGITAL AUDIO FORMATS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

6 CHIP CONTROL AND POWER MANAGEMENT REGISTER....................................................................................................................................................................................11

7 ANALOG INPUT SIGNAL PATH .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

7.1 THE ANALOG INPUT SIGNAL PATHS AND THE CONTROL REGISTER ................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
7.2 SINGLE-ENDED MICROPHONE INPUT ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
7.3 PESUDO-DIFFERENTIAL MICROPHONE INPUT ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
7.4 FULLY-DIFFERENTIAL MICROPHONE INPUT ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14

8 ADC FOR RECORDING .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

8.1 THE ADC BLOCK DIAGRAM............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

8.2 THE ADC CONTROL REGISTERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
8.3 AUTOMATIC LEVEL CONTROL (ALC) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
8.3.1 CONTROL FIELDS................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
8.3.2 Recommended Settings for ALC ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
8.4 MICROPHONE INPUT CIRCUIT AND THE SAMPLE CODE FOR RECORDING ........................................................................................................................................................................... 19
8.4.1 Fully-Differential Microphone input circuit and sample code........................................................................................................................................................................... 19
8.4.2 Pseudo-Differential Microphone input circuit and sample code...................................................................................................................................................................... 20
8.4.3 Single ended Microphone input circuit and sample code ................................................................................................................................................................................ 21

9 OUTPUT SIGNAL PATH .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21

9.1 THE OUTPUT SIGNAL PATHS AND THE CONTROL REGISTER........................................................................................................................................................................................... 22

9.2 THE DAC CONTROL REGISTER ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
9.3 EQUALIZER AND STEREO ENHANCEMENT ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

10 REGISTER CONFIGURATION SEQUENCE FOR ES8388 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 25

10.1 THE SEQUENCE FOR START UP CODEC ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25

10.2 THE SEQUENCE FOR START UP RECORDING ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
10.3 THE SEQUENCE FOR START UP PLAY BACK MODE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
10.4 THE SEQUENCE FOR START UP BYPASS MODE .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
10.5 POWER DOWN SEQUENCE (TO STANDBY MODE) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
10.6 RESUME FROM STANDBY MODE SEQUENCE ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28

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1 ES8388 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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INPUT SIGNAL PATH

The two analogue inputs LlNPUT1/2 RlNPUT1/2 can be selected by a switch, and then followed by a PGA gain boost. The inputs can be individually selected or a
differential input of either (LlNPUT1 RlNPUT1) or (LlNPUT2 RlNPUT2) may also be selected. These Inputs can be configured as microphone or line level. The
signal then enters a high quality ADC. Alternatively, the two channels can also be mixed in the analogue domain and digitized in one ADC while the other ADC is
turned off.

One on-chip ALC module can be used to control the signal level during recording. The gain of the PGA can be controlled either by the user or by the on-chip ALC
function.

OUTPUT SIGNAL PATH

The output signal paths consist of digital filters, DACs, analogue mixers and output drivers. The digital filters and DACs are enabled in the “playback” or “record
and playback” mode. In “bypass” mode, the analogue mixing and amplification can be utilized while DAC is disabled.
DACs output can be mixed with analogue signals from the input pins Linput1/2 and Rinput1/2, and the mixed signal is fed to the output drivers LOUT1/ROUT1,
LOUT2/ROUT2. The mixers and output drivers can be separately enabled by individual control bits.

The LOUT1/ROUT1 and LOUT2/ROUT2 can drive a 16Ω (up to 40mW) or 32Ω stereo headphone or stereo line output.

2 Recommended operating condition

Digital supply range (Core) DVDD 1.8V to 3.3V (Lowest power consumption at 1.8V)

Digital supply range (Buffer) PVDD 1.8V to 3.3V

Analog supply range HPVDD, AVDD 1.8V to 3.3V (Best audio performance at 3.3V)

Ground DGND, AGND, HPGND 0V

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3 Typical Application Circuit

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Notes:
* One LDO is recommended to provide power supply to ES8388 because ES8388 is an analog device which will be sensitive
to noise.
* A differential Microphone circuit is recommended to ES8388.
*The signal MIC_INP and MIC_INN must be parallel with each other on PCB layout.
* Filter and decoupling capacitors should be located as close to ES8388 package as possible during layout.
* Two 1K pull up resisters are recommended to I2C bus. R-C low pass filter is recommended to I2C CLK.
* If PIN26 (CE) be pulled down to GND, I2C Chip ID is 0x20, otherwise 0x22.
* One 10ohm resister is recommended between AVDD and HPVDD if AVDD and HPVDD share the same power supply.

4 I2C / SPI Interface

I2C is a bi-directional bus which can be used to read or write register. SPI bus should only be used to write register.
Ø I2C BUS
Don’t connect CE pin to IO of MCU, CPU or DSP. CE pin should be pulled up to PVDD or pulled down to DGND.
The chip address for I2C is 0x20 if CE pin is pulled down to DGND. The chip address for I2C is 0x22 if CE pin is pulled up to PVDD.

There are two pull-up resisters on I2C CCLK pin and I2C CDATA pin. 1KΩ resister is recommended for the pull-up resisters.

Figure 2. I2C timing

Figure 3. I2C write

Figure 4. I2C Read

Ø SPI BUS
CE pin should be connected to IO of MCU, CPU or DSP. Don’t connect CE pin to DGND. The chip address for SPI is 0x20.
SPI bus should only be used to write register.

5 Digital Audio Interface

The digital audio interface is used for inputting DAC data to ES8388 and outputting ADC data from it. The digital audio interface uses
four pins:
Ø ASDOUT : ADC data output
Ø DSDIN : DAC data input
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Ø LRCK : Left/Right data alignment clock
Ø SCLK : Bit clock, for synchronisation
The clock signals SCLK and LRCK can be outputs when ES8388 operates as a master, or inputs when it is a slave.

ES8388 can support four different audio data formats:

Ø I2S
Ø Left Justified
Ø Right Justified
Ø DSP mode (PCM)
All four of these formats are MSB first.

5.1 Master and Slave Mode opreation

ES8388 digital audio interface can operates as a master or a slave as shown in the figure listed below.

In master mode, SCLK is derived from MCLK via a programmable division set by BCLK_DIV. LRCK is derived from MCLK via a
programmable division set by ADCFsRatio or DACFsRatio
In slave mode, ES8388 can auto check MCLK/LRCK ratio and MCLK/SCLK ratio.

The Bit7(MSC) in register 0x08 should be used to set ES8388 in Master or Slave mode.

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5.2 MCLK / LRCK ratio and MCLK / SCLK ratio

In master mode, the SCLK and LRCK signals are generated by ES8388 when any of the ADCs or DACs is enabled.
In slave mode, the SCLK and LRCK clock outputs are disabled by default to allow another digital audio interface to drive these pins.

ES8388 include stereo ADC and stereo DAC. The ADC and DAC have individual LRCK clock. The LRCK clock for ADC is named ALRCK.
The LRCK clock for DAC is named DLRCK. But only one LRCK pin is used in ES8388. Thus the ALRCK and DLRCK must be same in
ES8388. Bit7(slrck) in register 43 should be used to select the same LRCK or individual LRCK for ADC and DAC. Bit6(lrck_sel)
in Register 43 must be 0.

Register 0x0D is used for ADC MCLK/LRCK ratio setting. Register 0x18 is used for DAC MCLK/LRCK ratio setting. Please refer to the
MCLK/LRCK table listed below.

In slave mode, ES8388 will auto-check MCLK/LRCK ratio. Only the left side ratios in the table are supported in slave mode.

In master mode, all ratios in the table are supported. Codec send the LRCK to external CPU/DSP/MCU according to MCLK / LRCK ratio
setting. The value of register 0x0D and register 0x18 must be suitable for LRCK frequency.
Please refer to the diagram below to learn about the MCLK / LRCK ratio.

ALRCK Divider
ALRCK
MCLK Pin
According to MCLK / ALRCK ratio

slrck
Lrck_sel=0
SameFs=1

DLRCK Divider
DLRCK
According to MCLK / DLRCK ratio

MCLK / LRCK ratio vs. LRCK Frequency in Master mode

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The BCLKDIV control bits in register 8 are used for MCLK/SCLK ratio setting. Please refer to the BCLKDIV table listed below.

In slave mode, Codec will auto-check the MCLK/SCLK ratio in slave mode. Thus BCLKDIV control bits in register 0x08 should be
“00000” in slave mode.

In master mode, Codec send SCLK signal to external CPU/DSP/MCU according to MCLK/SCLK ratio setting.
If the SFI of codec is I2S-24bit, the frequency of SCLK is usually equal to 64 or 48 times frequency of LRCK. If the SFI of codec is
I2S-16bit, the frequency of SCLK is usually equal to 32 times frequency of LRCK.
SCLK Divider
MCLK Pin SCLK Pin
According to MCLK / SCLK ratio

MCLK / SCLK ratio vs. SCLK Frequency in Master mode

Digital Audio Interface Format SCLK Frequency (Minimum) BCLKDIV(Maximun)

I2S / Left Justified / Right Justified / DSP -16bit SCLK = 32 x LRCK
I2S / Left Justified / Right Justified / DSP -18bit SCLK = 36 x LRCK
Master Integer of
I2S / Left Justified / Right Justified / DSP -20bit SCLK = 40 x LRCK
Mode MCLK/SCLK
I2S / Left Justified / Right Justified / DSP -24bit SCLK = 48 x LRCK
I2S / Left Justified / Right Justified / DSP -32bit SCLK = 64 x LRCK

5.3 Four Digital Audio Formats

ES8388 supports 4 digital audio formats.

² I2S
² Left Justified
² Right Justified
² DSP Mode (PCM)
All of these four formats are MSB first.
The register 12 and register 23 are used for ADC and DAC formats.

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6 Chip control and Power management Register

Some registers are used to ES8388 power management. These register’s address located from register 0 to register 6.
The register 0 and register 1 should be used to control the internal bias current and internal reference voltage of ES8388. The control bits in
these two registers must be enabled when ES8388 start up.
The register 2 should be used to control the digital block, state machine, DLL and internal reference voltage. The bits in register 2 must be zero
when ES8388 start up.
The register 3 should be used to power up ADC and Line inputs. The register 3 should be used to power up DAC and Line outputs.
The register 5 and register 6 should be used to set low power mode.

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7 Analog input signal path

ES8388 has 4 analog input pins which may be used to support connections to multiple microphone or line input sources. The input
multiplexers on the left and right channels can be used to select different configurations for each of the input sources. The analog input paths
can support line inputs or microphone inputs, in single-ended mode, pseudo-differential and fully-differential modes. The input stage can also
provide common mode noise rejection in some configurations.

The Left and Right analog input channels are routed to ADCs where it is digitised. Alternatively, the two channels can also be mixed in the
analog domain and digitized in one ADC while the other ADC is switch off. The mono-mix signal appears on both digital output channels.

There is also a BYPASS path for each channel, enabling the analog input signal to be routed directly to the output multiplexers and PGAs.

7.1 The Analog input signal paths and the control register

The ES8388 analog input signal paths and control registers are illustrated in the figure which be listed below.

pdnAINL and pdnAINR control bits in register 3 should be used to power up / power down the input channel.

In this figure, LINSEL and RINSEL control bits are used to select independently between external inputs and internally generated differential
products (LIN1-RIN1 or LIN2-RIN2). The choice of differential signal, LIN1-RIN1 or LIN2-RIN2 is made using DS, DSSEL and DSR control bits.

Example 1, the ES8388 can be set up to convert one differential signal by applying the differential signal to LIN1/RIN1. By setting the
LINSEL and RINSEL to L-R differential and setting the DSSEL, DSR and DS to zero, the differential signal can then be routed to the
Left/Right ADCs.

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Example 2, the ES8388 can be set up to convert two differential signal by applying one differential signal to LIN1/RIN1 and applying
the other to LIN2/RIN2. By setting the LINSEL and RINSEL to L-R differential, setting the DSSEL and DSR to one and setting DS to
zero, the LIN1/RIN1 differential signal can be routed to the Left ADC and the LIN2/RIN2 differential signal can be routed to Right ADC.

MicAmpL and MicAmpR control bits are used to control PGA to amplify the amplitude of input signals. The input signals are selected by
LINSEL and RINSEL control bits. The PGA gain is adjustable from 0dB to +24dB in 3dB steps.

The two input channels can also be mixed in the analog domain and digitized in one ADC while the other ADC is switch off. By setting
MONOMIX to ‘01’ or ‘10’, the mono-mix signal can then be routed to Left ADC or Right ADC. For analog mono mix either the left or right ADC
can be used, allowing the unused ADC to be powered off. The user also has the flexibility to select the data output from the audio interface
using DATSEL control bits.

LMIXSEL and RMIXSEL control bits are used to select the input channel of Left and Right Bypass path. The selected input channels can be
routed directly to the the output multiplexers and PGAs.

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7.2 Single-ended Microphone input

ES8388 should be used in single-ended microphone input mode when LINSEL and RINSEL in Register 10 don’t be set to ‘11’. The
single-ened microphone input signal can be connected to LIN1, RIN1, LIN2 or RIN2.The MicAmpL or MicAmpR can be used to boost the
microphone signal level.
Single-ended microphone mode can not provide common mode noise rejection.

7.3 Pesudo-differential Microphone input

ES8388 should be used in pseudo-differential microphone input mode when LINSEL and RINSEL in Register 10 are set to ‘11’. The
pseudo-differential microphone input signal can be connected to LIN1 and RIN1 or LIN2 and RIN2.The MicAmpL and MicAmpR can be used to
boost the microphone signal level.
When GND has obvious noise, Pseudo-differential microphone mode can provide common mode noise rejection

7.4 Fully-differential Microphone input

ES8388 should be used in fully-differential microphone input mode when LINSEL and RINSEL in Register 10 are set to ‘11’. The
fully-differential microphone input signal can be connected to LIN1 and RIN1 or LIN2 and RIN2.The MicAmpL and MicAmpR can be used to
boost the microphone signal level.
Fully-differential microphone mode can provide common mode noise rejection. The recording volume in fully-differential mode should be 2
times volume of pseudo-differential mode.
The fully-differential microphone mode is recommended for microphone recording.

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8 ADC For Recording

ES8388 can provides a stereo ADC for recording via I2S/PCM interface. The digital output data is sent out on ASDOUT pin.
The ADC full scale input level is proportional to AVDD. With a 3.3V supply voltage, the full scale level is 1.0Vrms. Any voltage greater than
full scale may overload the ADC and cause distortion.

One ALC module should be used for recording. The registers used for ALC is located from register 18 to register 22.

8.1 The ADC block diagram

RIN1 (0-24dB)
ES8388 ADC Block
ALC
RIN2 RINSEL MICAmpR Right Channel ADC RADCVOL
r Reg0x12,Reg0x13,
Reg 0x0A Reg 0x09 Reg0x10
Reg0x14,Reg0x15
LIN1-RIN1 or Reg0x16
pdnAINR
Adcvref_Pdn

LIN2-RIN2 DAI
Reg0x03
Reg0x0B
(0-24dB)
ALC
LIN1 LINSEL MicAmpL Left Channel ADC LADCVOL
r Reg0x12,Reg0x13,
LIN2 Reg 0x0A Reg 0x09 Reg0x11
Reg0x14,Reg0x15
Reg0x16
pdnAINL
pdnADCBiasgen

Adc_DLLPDN

Reg0x03
adc_DigPDN

adc_stm_rst
VREF

pdnADCR

pdnADCL
pdnVrefBuf
Reg0x01
pdnAna

pdnIbiasgen BIAS & VREF CIRCUIT DIGITAL & CLOCK CONTROL

IBIASGEN
Reg0x01 Reg 0x00,Reg0x01,Reg0x03 Reg0x02

8.2 The ADC Control Registers

PdnADCL and PdnADCR control bits in register 3 should be used to power up / power down Left and right ADC.
ADC_invL control bit in register 14 are used to invert the polarity of left channel ADC. ADC_invR control bit in register 14 are used for right
channel ADC.
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ADC_HPF_L and ADC_HPF_R control bits in register 14 are used to enable or disable high pass filter of left and right channel ADC. The
default setting are recommended to ADC_HPF_L and ADC_HPF_R.
ADCSoftRamp control bit is used to fade in and fade out. ADCRampRate control bits are used to set the soft ramp rate.

ES8388 ADC’s digital volume can be adjustable from -96dB to 0dB in 0.5dB steps. LADCVOL and RADCVOL is used to independently
control the left an right ADC recording volume. If ADCLeR control bit in register 15 is set to ‘1’, the volume of left and right ADC can adjust
synchronously by adjusting left ADC volume.

ES8388 ADC should be mute by setting ADCMute to ‘1’.

8.3 Automatic Level Control (ALC)

In applications that offer a recording feature, ALC is often desirable to keep the recorded signal at a constant level. For example, if
recording voice, the signal may vary a great deal depending on how loud the user speaks or how close to the mouth the microphone is
held. This will result in a recorded signal that is difficult to listen to when played back.
The purpose of the ALC is to keep a constant output volume irrespective of the input signal level. This is achieved by continually
adjusting the PGA gain so that the signal level at the ADC output remains constant.

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Setting up the ALC to be optimal for each recorded source such as voice, classical music, pop music, etc. is quite a complex process.
Recommended setups have been provided as a base to work from. The resultant effect is very subjective and may vary between
applications. Some further modifications may be required to optimize the feature for a specific application but the recommended
settings should offer suitable solutions in most cases.
There are some registers which can be use to control ALC. Please refer to the register listed below.
REGISTER ADDR
REMARK BIT[7] BIT[6] BIT[5] BIT[4] BIT[3] BIT[2] BIT[1] BIT[0] DEFAULT
(HEX)
Reg. 18 ALC Control 1 ALCSEL MAXGAIN MINGAIN 0011 1000
Reg. 19 ALC Control 2 ALCLVL ALCHLD 1011 0000
Reg. 20 ALC Control 3 ALCDCY ALCATK 0011 0010
Reg. 21 ALC Control 4 ALCMODE ALCZC TIME_OUT WIN_SIZE 0000 0110
Reg. 22 ALC Control 5 NGTH NGG NGAT 0000 0000

8.3.1 CONTROL FIELDS

The ALC function in ES8388 CODEC is highly adaptable on account of the number of different parameters that may be individually set. The
following paragraphs describe each of these parameters, and also some of the constraints or tradeoffs that determine the optimum setting for
each. Different parameter values will be desirable to suit different types of audio signal. Personal preferences can also influence the choice of
settings.

ALC Enable / ALC Level. The ALC function is enabled by setting the register field ALCSEL. ALCSEL=2’b00: ALC OFF; ALCSEL=2’b01: ALC
Right Channel Enabled; ALCSEL=2’b10: ALC Left Channel Enabled; ALCSEL=2’b11: ALC Enabled. When enabled, the ALC output volume
can be programmed using the ALCLVL register field. The range of ALC Level varies between 0dBFS and -16.5dBFS with 1.5dBFS per step.
The maximum target level is always not above ADC full-scale level to help reduce the possibility of clipped signals. This level should be set as
high as possible in order to achieve the best signal to noise performance, but not so high as to allow signal clipping to occur as the signal
changes. The more erratic the signal level, the greater the required headroom between the ALC Target Level and the ADC full-scale level.

ALC Maximum Gain. An upper limit for the PGA gain is imposed by setting the register field MAXGAIN. The range of MAXGAIN varies
between -6.5dBFS and 35.5dBFS with 6dBFS per step. The purpose of the maximum gain is to ensure the small input signals are
accommodated and not excessively amplified by the ALC function. For example, if a recorded music track fades out; the Maximum Gain
setting prevents ALC from destroying the effect by continually increasing the gain as the music signal fades. The Maximum Gain should be
determined from the level of a quiet signal that the designer determines should be treated as a fading signal.

ALC Minimum Gain. A lower limit for the PGA gain is imposed by setting the register field MINGAIN. The range of MINGAIN varies between
-12dBFS and 30dBFS with 6dBFS per step. The purpose of the minimum gain is to ensure that large input signals are permitted and not
excessively attenuated by the ALC function. If the Minimum Gain is large, then the ALC will be restricted in its ability to control the signal level
and there is a greater possibility that it will be unable to prevent distortion of large signals. However, if the Minimum Gain is small, then a
greater attenuation will be applied to large signals, which may undesirably limit the dynamic range of the processed signal. The Minimum Gain
should be set as low as is possible, and certainly no greater than the gain that would be required to adjust the largest input signal down to the
ALC target level.

ALC Hold Time. The time delay between the signal level detected below target level and the PGA gain beginning to ramp up, is controlled by
register field ALCHLD. It can be set to zero, or can be programmed in power-of-two (2n) steps, e.g. 2.67ms, 5.33ms, 10.67ms etc. up to 1.36s.
Note that the ALC Hold Time only applies to gain ramp-up; there is no delay before ramping the gain down when the signal level is above
target. The ALC Hold Time is not active in Limiter Mode (see below).
The purpose of this delay is to ensure that the ALC is not over-responsive to a changing signal level. The Hold Time should be set according to
the type of ALC response that is desired. A short Hold Time should be used if an immediate gain adjustment is required to a changing signal;
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this might be applicable to voice applications. A longer Hold Time should be used if the ALC gain adjustments are to be made more sparingly,
thus responding only to long term signal level changes and preserving the original signal dynamics to a greater extent; this might be applicable
to music containing a large dynamic range, as is frequently found in classical music.

ALC Decay Time. The time taken by the ALC for ramp up the PGA gain is controlled by register field ALCDCY. The ALC Decay Time is
defined as a time per gain step. It can be programmed in power-of-two (2n) steps, e.g. 410us/step, 820us/step, 1.64ms/step, etc up to
420ms/step.
The Decay Time determines how rapidly the ALC will make adjustments in response to a fall in signal level. A short Decay Time should be
used if a fast response is required to a changing signal. The Decay Time should not be so short as to cause rapid ALC response to a nominally
constant signal level. For example, if the input signal is likely to have pauses or silences, the Decay Time should be set long enough to ensure
that the ALC is prevented from making large adjustments to the gain during those durations.

ALC Attack Time. The time taken by the ALC for ramp down the PGA gain is controlled by register field ALCATK. The ALC Attack Time is
defined as a time per gain step. It can be programmed in power-of-two (2n) steps, e.g. 104us/step, 208us/step, 416us/step, etc up to
106ms/6dB.
It is measured similarly to the Decay Time. The advantage of a short Attack Time is that it results in a fast response to an increased signal level.
This in turn reduces the possibility of clipping. Many of the same considerations apply as for Hold Time and Decay Time. The Attack Time
should be set in conjunction with the Decay Time. If the system requires fast response such as voice applications, a faster Attack/Decay Time
may be needed. On the other hand, if a more steady input signal is anticipated, then a slower Attack/Decay Time may be most suitable.

ALC Mode. Two modes of operation are available via register bit ALCMODE. Normal ALC operation is selected by setting ALCMODE = 0.
Limiter Mode is selected by setting ALCMODE = 1. In Limiter mode, the ALC Maximum Gain is set equal to the PGA setting at the time that
limiter mode is entered. In this mode, the signal level may be reduced to prevent overload, but may not be increased above the initial PGA gain
setting - the register field MAXGAIN are not used when Limiter Mode is selected. In Limiter mode, the gain control circuit runs approximately 4
times faster to allow quick reduction of high signal levels and quick increment of low signal levels.
Don’t use limiter mode during microphone recording.

Peak Limiter. To avoid clipping when a large signal is applied just after a period where the PGA gain has been ramped up (eg. after a period of
quiet), the ALC circuit includes a Peak Limiter function. If the input signal after PGA gain exceeding the Peak threshold (fixed at 1.5dB below
full scale), the PGA gain is ramped down at the maximum attack rate (as when ALCATK = 0000), until the signal level falls below the Peak
threshold. This function is always enabled whenever the ALC is enabled.

Sample Rate. The ALC Hold, Decay and Attack times will vary slightly depending on the sample rate used. For example, when sampling at
48kHz, the ALC Hold, Decay and Attack times are equal to the values in registers’ definition. If the actual sample rate was 44.1kHz, then the
ALC Hold, Decay and Attack times would be scaled down by 44.1/48.

ALC Zero Cross/Time out. The register field ALCZC is used to control whether PGA gain updates are timed to occur at the zero-cross points
of the input signal. Enabling this feature ensures that pops and clicks arising from the PGA gain adjustments are minimized, but this feature
may also result in a faster ALC response. If the PGA gain steps are small enough to eliminate the need for Zero-Cross detection, the
Zero-Cross option is not required.
A timeout is provided to ensure that the gain may still be updated if a zero-cross has not occurred within a fixed time. The timeout is enabled
via register setting TIME_OUT, it is not automatically enabled.

Noise Gate Enable / Noise Gate Threshold / Noise Gate Type. The Noise Gate function is enabled by setting the register field NGAT. When
enabled, the Noise Gate Threshold can be programmed using the NGTH register field. The range of Noise Gate Threshold varies between
-76.5dBFS and -30dBFS with 1.5dBFS per step; this threshold is the input signal level below which the PGA gain will either be muted or be
held constant. the Noise Gate type (Mute or Hold Gain) can be set by register field NGG.

8.3.2 Recommended Settings for ALC

Recommended settings are provided below for a number of typical portable recording applications. These include voice recording and music
recording. A generic setting is also provided, which aims to cater for the widest possible range of sounds.
It is important to note that these are suggested initial values only, as a starting point from which to derive the best settings for a particular circuit
application. The quoted settings should give adequate performance in many cases, but it may be possible to improve the ALC performance
through further adjustment of these settings.

For voice recording, a fast ALC response is desirable in order to quickly compensate for different peoples voices, movement relative to the
microphone.
For music recording, the fast response is not recommended as it is likely to result in clipping in response to any sudden changes in the music
signal level. A reduction in the maximum gain setting may help to avoid clipping when the music level increases after a quiet period and to
restrict the extent of the ALC adjustments. This may not be desirable in all music applications and is therefore not shown in the recommended
settings. It is one of the many adjustments that the user should consider when optimizing for a known operational environment.
For generic recording, the ALC must attempt to accommodate all types of sounds, a compromise setting must be found. For an ALC response
that is tolerant to impulses such as handclaps, it is recommended that the ALC Attack time should not be set too fast and the ALC Decay time
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should not be set too slow. The minimum and maximum gain settings could be adjusted to restrict the extent of the ALC control if desired. The
combination of settings should allow the ALC to respond quickly to changes in signal level and to impulse-type sounds, but also to minimize
gain pumping caused by the associated level changes.

The settings in following table are the recommended settings for voice, music and generic (hand clap).

RECOMMENDED VALUE
REGISTER BIT VOICE
MUSIC GENERIC(handclap)
(Microphone Recording)
ALCSEL[1:0] 11 (Stereo) 11 (Stereo) 11 (Stereo)
ALCLVL[3:0] 1100 (-4.5dB) 0011 (-12dB) 0011 (-12dB)
MAXGAIN[2:0] 101 (+23.5dB) 111 (+35.5dB) 111 (+35.5dB)
MINGAIN[2:0] 010 (0dB) 000 (-12dB) 000 (-12dB)
ALCHLD[3:0] 0000 (0ms) 0000 (0ms) 0000 (0ms)
ALCDCY[3:0] 0001 (820us/step) 1010 (420ms/step) 0101 (13.1ms/step)
ALCATK[3:0] 0010 (416us/step) 0110 (6.66ms/step) 0111 (13.3ms/step)
ALCMODE 0 (ALC) 0 (ALC) 0 (ALC)
ALCZC 0 (ZC off) 0(ZC off) 0 (ZC off)
TIME_OUT 0 (not enable) 0( not enable) 0(not enable)
NGAT 1 (enabled) 1 (enabled) 1 (enabled)
NGTH[4:0] 11000 (-40.5dB) 01011(-60dB) 10001 (-51dB)
NGG[1:0] 01 (mute ADC) 00 or 10 (hold gain) 00 or 10 (hold gain)
WIN_SIZE[4:0] 00110(default) 00110(default) 00110(default)
MicAmpl Gain
0x77 (+21dB)
Reg. 0x09

8.4 Microphone input circuit and the sample code for recording

In recording mode, the analog input pins can be used as single ended input or differential input.
Some microphone input circuits (single ended input or differential input) and sample code for recording are listed below. In microphone
recording mode, ALC should be enabled to boost the microphone input signal.

Please note that the fully-differential input circuit and pseudo-differential input circuit are recommended to ES8388 microphone
recording.

8.4.1 Fully-Differential Microphone input circuit and sample code

Notes:
1. On PCB layout, these wires which be marked as red must be paralleled each other.
2. On PCB layout, the components such as R1, R2, R3, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6 must be located as close to Microphone as
possible.

The sample code for microphone differential input:

es8388_write( 0x02, 0xF3); // Reg0x02 = 0xF3, Stop STM, DLL, and digital block
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es8388_write(0x08, 0x00); // Reg 0x08 = 0x00, ES8388 in I2S slave mode
//es8388_write( 0x08 0x80); // Reg 0x08 = 0x80 (ES8388 in I2S master mode)
es8388_write( 0x2B, 0x80); // Reg 0x2B = 0x80 (Set ADC and DAC have the same LRCK)

es8388_write( 0x00, 0x05); // Reg 0x00 = 0x05 (start up reference)

es8388_write( 0x01, 0x40); // Reg 0x01 = 0x40 (start up reference)
es8388_write( 0x03, 0x00); // Reg 0x03 = 0x00 (Power on ADC and LIN/RIN input)
es8388_write( 0x09 0x77); // Reg 0x09 = 0x77 (MicBoost PGA=+21Db)
es8388_write( 0x0A 0xF0); // Reg 0x0A = 0xF0 (differential input)
es8388_write( 0x0B 0x02); // Reg 0x0B = 0x02 (Select LIN1and RIN1 as differential input pairs)
// es8388_write( 0x0B 0x82); // Reg 0x0B = 0x82 (Select LIN2and RIN2 as differential input pairs)

es8388_write( 0x0C 0x40); // Reg 0x0C = 0x00 (I2S – 24bits, Ldata = LADC, Rdata = RADC)
es8388_write( 0x0D 0x02); // Reg 0x0D = 0x02 (MCLK/LRCK = 256)
es8388_write( 0x10 0x00); // Reg 0x10= 0x00 (LADC volume = 0dB)
es8388_write( 0x11 0x00); // Reg 0x11= 0x00 (RADC volume = 0dB)

es8388_write(0x12, 0xe2); // Reg 0x12 = 0xe2 (ALC enable, PGA Max. Gain=23.5dB, Min. Gain=0dB)
es8388_write( 0x13, 0xa0); // Reg 0x13 = 0xc0 (ALC Target=-4.5dB, ALC Hold time =0 mS)
es8388_write( 0x14, 0x12); // Reg 0x14 = 0x12(Decay time =820uS , Attack time = 416 uS)
es8388_write( 0x15, 0x06); // Reg 0x15 = 0x06(ALC mode)
es8388_write( 0x16, 0xc3); // Reg 0x16 = 0xc3(nose gate = -40.5dB, NGG = 0x01(mute ADC))
es8388_write( 0x02, 0x55); // Reg 0x16 = 0x55 (Start up DLL, STM and Digital block for recording)

8.4.2 Pseudo-Differential Microphone input circuit and sample code

Notes:
1. On PCB layout, these wires which be marked as red must be paralleled each other.
2. On PCB layout, the components such as R4, R5, C7, C8, C9, C10, and C11 must be located as close to Microphone as
possible.

The sample code for microphone pseudo differential input:

es8388_write( 0x02, 0xF3); // Reg0x02 = 0xF3, Stop STM, DLL, and digital block
es8388_write(0x08, 0x00); // Reg 0x08 = 0x00, ES8388 in I2S slave mode
//es8388_write( 0x08 0x80); // Reg 0x08 = 0x80 (ES8388 in I2S master mode)
es8388_write( 0x2B, 0x80); // Reg 0x2B = 0x80 (Set ADC and DAC have the same LRCK)
es8388_write( 0x00, 0x05); // Reg 0x00 = 0x05 (start up reference)
es8388_write( 0x01, 0x40); // Reg 0x01 = 0x40 (start up reference)
es8388_write( 0x03, 0x00); // Reg 0x03 = 0x00 (Power on ADC and LIN/RIN input)
es8388_write( 0x09 0x77); // Reg 0x09 = 0x77 (MicBoost PGA=+21Db)
es8388_write( 0x0A 0xF0); // Reg 0x0A = 0xF0 (differential input)
es8388_write( 0x0B 0x02); // Reg 0x0B = 0x02 (Select LIN1and RIN1 as differential input pairs)
// es8388_write( 0x0B 0x82); // Reg 0x0B = 0x82 (Select LIN2and RIN2 as differential input pairs)
es8388_write( 0x0C 0x40); // Reg 0x0C = 0x00 (I2S – 24bits, Ldata = LADC, Rdata = RADC)
es8388_write( 0x0D 0x02); // Reg 0x0D = 0x02 (MCLK/LRCK = 256)

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es8388_write( 0x10 0x00); // Reg 0x10= 0x00 (LADC volume = 0dB)
es8388_write( 0x11 0x00); // Reg 0x11= 0x00 (RADC volume = 0dB)
es8388_write(0x12, 0xe2); // Reg 0x12 = 0xe2 (ALC enable, PGA Max. Gain=23.5dB, Min. Gain=0dB)
es8388_write( 0x13, 0xa0); // Reg 0x13 = 0xc0 (ALC Target=-4.5dB, ALC Hold time =0 mS)
es8388_write( 0x14, 0x12); // Reg 0x14 = 0x12(Decay time =820uS , Attack time = 416 uS)
es8388_write( 0x15, 0x06); // Reg 0x15 = 0x06(ALC mode)
es8388_write( 0x16, 0xc3); // Reg 0x16 = 0xc3(nose gate = -40.5dB, NGG = 0x01(mute ADC))
es8388_write( 0x02, 0x55); // Reg 0x16 = 0x55 (Start up DLL, STM and Digital block for recording)

8.4.3 Single ended Microphone input circuit and sample code

Notes:
1. On PCB layout, the components such as R6, R7, C12, C13, C14, and C15 must be located as close to Microphone as
possible.
2. In customer application, the microphone single ended input circuit must not be recommended for ES8328 microphone
recording.

The sample code for microphone single ended input:

es8388_write( 0x02, 0xF3); // Reg0x02 = 0xF3, Stop STM, DLL, and digital block
es8388_write(0x08, 0x00); // Reg 0x08 = 0x00, ES8388 in I2S slave mode
//es8388_write( 0x08 0x80); // Reg 0x08 = 0x80 (ES8388 in I2S master mode)
es8388_write( 0x2B, 0x80); // Reg 0x2B = 0x80 (Set ADC and DAC have the same LRCK)
es8388_write( 0x00, 0x05); // Reg 0x00 = 0x05 (start up reference)
es8388_write( 0x01, 0x40); // Reg 0x01 = 0x40 (start up reference)
es8388_write( 0x03, 0x00); // Reg 0x03 = 0x00 (Power on ADC and LIN/RIN input)
es8388_write( 0x09 0x77); // Reg 0x09 = 0x77 (MicBoost PGA=+21Db)
es8388_write( 0x0A 0x00); // Reg 0x0A = 0xF0 (Lin1 and RIN1 used as single ended input)
//es8388_write( 0x0A 0x50); // Reg 0x0A = 0xF0 (Lin2 and RIN2 used as single ended input)
es8388_write( 0x0C 0x40); // Reg 0x0C = 0x00 (I2S – 24bits, Ldata = LADC, Rdata = RADC)
es8388_write( 0x0D 0x02); // Reg 0x0D = 0x02 (MCLK/LRCK = 256)
es8388_write( 0x10 0x00); // Reg 0x10= 0x00 (LADC volume = 0dB)
es8388_write( 0x11 0x00); // Reg 0x11= 0x00 (RADC volume = 0dB)
es8388_write(0x12, 0xe2); // Reg 0x12 = 0xe2 (ALC enable, PGA Max. Gain=23.5dB, Min. Gain=0dB)
es8388_write( 0x13, 0xa0); // Reg 0x13 = 0xc0 (ALC Target=-4.5dB, ALC Hold time =0 mS)
es8388_write( 0x14, 0x12); // Reg 0x14 = 0x12(Decay time =820uS , Attack time = 416 uS)
es8388_write( 0x15, 0x06); // Reg 0x15 = 0x06(ALC mode)
es8388_write( 0x16, 0xc3); // Reg 0x16 = 0xc3(nose gate = -40.5dB, NGG = 0x01(mute ADC))
es8388_write( 0x02, 0x55); // Reg 0x16 = 0x55 (Start up DLL, STM and Digital block for recording)

9 Output Signal Path

ES8388 output signal path consist of digital filters, DACs, Analog mixers and Output drivers. The digital filters and DACs are enabled when
ES8388 is in ‘play back mode’ or ‘record and play back mode’. The mixers and output drivers can be separately enabled by individual
control bits. Thus it is possible to utilize the analog mixing and amplification provided by ES8388, irrespective of whether the DACs are
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running or not.
ES8388 receives digital input data on DSDIN pin. The digital filter block process the data to provide the following functions:
Ø Digital volume control
Ø Equalizer and stereo enhancement
Ø Sigma-Delta Modulation
Two high performance sigma-delta audio DACs convert the digital input data into two analog signals(left and right). These can be mixed
with analog input signals from LIN1/2 and RIN1/2 pins, and the mixed is fed to the output drivers,LOUT1/ROUT1 and LOUT2/ROUT2.
Ø LOUT1/ROUT1: can drive 16Ω or 32Ω stereo headphone or stereo line output
Ø LOUT2/ROUT2: can drive 16Ω or 32Ω stereo headphone or stereo line output

9.1 The Output Signal Paths And The Control Register

PdnDACL and PdnDACR control bits in register 4 are used to power up / power down Left and Right channel DAC.
LOUT1, ROUT1, LOUT2 and ROUT2 control bits in register 4 are used to power up / power down output drivers, LOUT1, ROUT1, LOUT2
and ROUT2.

The signal volume on LOUT1, ROUT1, LOUT2 and ROUT2 can be independently adjusted under software control by writing LOUT1VOL,
ROUT1VOL, LOUT2VOL and ROUT2VOL, respectively. The output driver volume is adjustable from -45dB to +4.5dB in 1.5dB steps. Note that
the volume over 0dB may cause clipping if signal is large.

Left and right mixers are used to mix the DAC’s output and the analog input signal which be selected by LMIXSEL and RMIXSEL. If LI2LO
control bits in register 39 is set to ‘1’,the analog input signal which be selected by LMIXSEL should be mixed in left mixer. If RI2RO control bits
in register 42 is set to ‘1’,the analog input signal which be selected by RMIXSEL should be mixed in right mixer.

The mixed signal can be controlled with Mixer PGAs (LI2LOVOL and RI2ROVOL). The gain of Mixer PGA is adjustable from -15dB to
+6dB in 3dB steps. The left mixed is fed to LOUT1 and LOUT2 output drivers, and the right mixed is fed to ROUT1 and ROUT2 output drivers.

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9.2 The DAC Control Register

PdnDACL and PdnDACR control bits in register 4 are used to power up / power down Left and Right channel DAC. Please refer to
section 9.2.

ES8388 DAC’s digital volume can be adjustable from -96dB to 0dB in 0.5dB steps. LDACVOL and RDACVOL is used to independently
control the left an right DAC volume. If DACLeR control bit in register 25 is set to ‘1’, the volume of left and right DAC can adjust synchronously
by adjusting left DAC volume. DACs should be mute if DACMute control bit in register 25 is set to ‘1’.
ZeroL and ZeroR control bits in register 29 are used to set the left and right channel DACs output all zero. This operation is equivalent to
mute the DAC or set the DAC digital volume to -96dB.

DAC_invL control bit in register 28 are used to invert the left channel DAC ouput, and DAC_invR control bit in register 28 is used for right
channel DAC.

DACSoft Ramp control bit in register 25 is use to fade in and fade out. DACRampRate control bits are used to set the soft ramp rate.

Mono control bit is used to set the DAC in stereo output mode or mono output mode.

9.3 Equalizer and Stereo Enhancement

ES8388 provides equalizer and stereo enhancement function in play back mode. These can not be used in Bypass mode.

For equalizer, only 2 band equalizer is used. It can do bass or treble operation, but can not do bass and treble operation at the same time.
Everest Semiconductor Co., Ltd will provide equalizer calculator to help user to utilize this equalizer.
The equalizer register address is located from register 30 to register 37.

The SE control bits in register 29 are used to set the stereo strength. There are 8 levels stereo strength from 0 to 7. ES8388 will get the
strongest stereo effect if SE equal to 7. There is not any stereo enhancement if SE equal to 0.

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10 Register Configuration Sequence for ES8388

The Register configuration sequence include start up codec mode, start up recording mode, start up play back mode, start up by pass
mode, power down (to standby mode), resume from standby mode, etc.

10.1 The Sequence for Start up codec

Start
Power up DAC and Enable Set ADC Digital Volume Set LOUT/ROUT Volume
LOUT/ROUIT Reg 0x10 = 0x00 (0dB) Reg 0x2E = 0x1E (0dB)
Set Chip to Master / Slave
Reg 0x04 = 0x3C Reg 0x11 = 0x00 (0dB) Reg 0x2F = 0x1E (0dB)
Mode Only for ADC
Reg 0x30 = 0x1E (0dB)
Reg 0x08 = 0x00 (Slave Mode)
Select ALC for ADC Record Reg 0x31 = 0x1E (0dB)
Reg 0x12 to Reg 0x16
Power down DEM and STM Select Analog input channel for
Refer to ALC description Power up DEM and STM
Reg 0x02 = 0xF3 ADC
Reg 0x02 = 0x00
Reg 0x0A = 0x00 (Lin1/Rin1)
Set SFI for DAC
Reg 0x17 = 0x00 (I2S – 24Bit)
Set same LRCK Select Analog Input PGA Gain
Reg 0x2B = 0x80 for ADC End
Reg 0x09 = 0x88 (24dB)
Select MCLK / LRCK ratio for
DAC
Set Chip to Play&Record Mode Set SFI for ADC
Reg 0x18 = 0x02 (256)
Reg 0x00 = 0x05 Reg 0x0c = 0x00 (I2S – 24Bit)

Set DAC Digital Volume

Reg 0x1A = 0x00 (0dB)
Power Up Analog and Ibias Select MCLK / LRCK ratio for Only for DAC
Reg 0x1B = 0x00 (0dB)
Reg 0x01= 0x40 ADC
Reg 0x0D = 0x02 (256)
Setup Mixer
Reg 0x26 = 0x00
Power up ADC / Analog Input /
Reg 0x27 = 0xB8
Micbias for Record
Reg 0x28 = 0x38
Reg 0x03 = 0x00 Please refer to MCLK/LRCK ratio
Reg 0x29 = 0x38
description
Reg 0x2A = 0xB8
Please refer to Mixer description
The above item must
be done step by step.

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10.2 The sequence for Start up recording

Start

Set Chip to Master / Slave Set ADC SFI

Mode Reg 0x0C = 0x00 (I2S,24BIT)
Reg 0x08 = 0x00 (Slave Mode)
Reg 0x08 = 0x80 (Master Mode)
Set MCLK / LRCK ratio
Power down DEM and STM Reg 0x0D = 0x02 (256)
Reg 0x02 = 0xF3

Set same LRCK Set ADC Digital Volume

Reg 0x2B= 0x80 Reg 0x10 = 0x00 (0dB)
Reg 0x11 = 0x00 (0dB)
Set Chip to Play&Record Mode
Reg 0x00 = 0x05 UnMute ADC
Reg 0x0F = 0x30 (ADC unmute)
Power Up Analog and Ibias
Reg 0x01= 0x40
Set ALC mode if necessary
Refer to ALC description

Power up ADC / Analog Input /

Micbias for Record
Power up DEM and STM
Reg 0x03 = 0x00
Reg 0x02 = 0x55

Select Analog input channel for

ADC
Reg 0x0A = 0x00 (Lin1/Rin1)
End

Select PGA Gain for ADC

analog input
These will be done step by step.
Reg 0x09 = 0x00 (0dB)

10.3 The sequence for Start up play back mode

Start

Set Chip to Master / Slave Set ADC Digital Volume

Mode Reg 0x1A = 0x00 (0dB)
Reg 0x08 = 0x00 (Slave Mode) Reg 0x1B = 0x00 (0dB)
Reg 0x08 = 0x80 (Master Mode)
UnMute DAC
Power down DEM and STM Reg 0x19 = 0x32 (DAC unmute)
Reg 0x02 = 0xF3

Set same LRCK Set Mixer for DAC Output

Reg 0x2B = 0x80 Refer to Mixer description
Reg 0x26 = 0x00
Set Chip to Play&Record Mode Reg 0x27 = 0xB8 (LDAC to Lout)
Reg 0x00 = 0x05 Reg 0x28 = 0x38
Reg 0x29 = 0x38
Power Up Analog and Ibias Reg 0x2A = 0xB8(RDAC to Rout)
Reg 0x01= 0x40 Please refer to Mixer description

Power up DAC / Analog Output Set Lout/Rout Volume

for Record Reg 0x2E = 0x1E (0dB)
Reg 0x04 = 0x3C Reg 0x2F = 0x1E (0dB)
Reg 0x30 = 0x1E (0dB)
Set DAC SFI Reg 0x31 = 0x1E (0dB)
Reg 0x17 = 0x00 (I2S,24BIT)
Power up DEM and STM
Reg 0x02 = 0xAA
Set MCLK / LRCK ratio
Reg 0x18 = 0x02 (256)

End

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10.4 The sequence for Start up bypass mode

Start

Set Chip to Master / Slave Set Mixer for Bypass Output

Mode Refer to Mixer description
Reg 0x08 = 0x00 (Slave Mode) Reg 0x26 = 0x00 (Lin1/Rin1)
Reg 0x08 = 0x80 (Master Mode) Reg 0x27 = 0x50 (LIN to LOUT)
Reg 0x28 = 0x38
Power down DEM and STM Reg 0x29 = 0x38
Reg 0x02 = 0xF3 Reg 0x2A = 0x50 (RIN to ROUT)
Please refer to Mixer description
Set same LRCK
Reg 0x2B = 0x80

Set Chip to Play&Record Mode Set Lout/Rout Volume

Reg 0x00 = 0x05 Reg 0x2E = 0x1E (0dB)
Reg 0x2F = 0x1E (0dB)
Power Up Analog and Ibias Reg 0x30 = 0x1E (0dB)
Reg 0x01= 0x40 Reg 0x31 = 0x1E (0dB)

Power up DEM and STM or

Power down ADC, Power up Power up reference voltage
Analog Input for Bypass Reg 0x02 = 0xF0 or 0x00
Reg 0x03 = 0x3F

End
Power down DAC, Power up
Analog Output for Bypass These will be done step by step.
Reg 0x04 = 0xFC

10.5 Power Down Sequence (To Standby Mode)

Start

Mute ADC and DAC

Reg 0x0F = 0x34 (ADC Mute)
Reg 0x19 = 0x36 (DAC Mute)

Power down DEM and STM

Reg 0x02 = 0xF3

Power Down ADC / Analog

Input / Micbias for Record
Reg 0x03 = 0xFC

Power down DAC and disable

LOUT/ROUIT The above item must
Reg 0x04 = 0xC0 be done step by step.

End

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10.6 Resume from standby mode Sequence

Start

Power up ADC / Analog Input /

Micbias for Record
Reg 0x03 = 0x00

Power up DAC and enable

LOUT/ROUIT
Reg 0x04 = 0x3C

UnMute ADC and DAC

Reg 0x0F = 0x30 (ADC unmute)
Reg 0x19 = 0x32 (DAC unmute)

Power up DEM and STM

Reg 0x02 = 0x00 The above item must
be done step by step.

End

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