WAVES 1

EXERCISE – 4: PREVIOUS YEARS JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. A sonometer wire resonates with a given tuning fork 3. A police car moving at 22 m/s chases a motorcyclist.
forming standing waves with five antinodes between The police man sounds his horn at 176 Hz, while both
the two bridges when a mass of 9 kg is suspended of them move towards a stationary siren of frequency
from the wire. When this mass is replaced by mass M. 165 Hz. Calculate the speed of the motorcycle. If it is
The wire resonates with the same tuning fork forming given that the motorcyclist does not observe any beats
three antinodes for the same positions of the bridges. (speed of sound = 330 m/s) [2004]
The value of M is: [2002]
(a) 25 kg (b) 5 kg
(c) 12.5 kg (d) 1/25 kg
Ans. (a)
Sol. Let f0 = frequency of tuning fork
5 9g
Then, f 0  ( = mass per unit length of (a) 33 m/s (b) 22 m/s
2 2 
(c) zero (d) 11 m/s
wire) Ans. (b)
3 Mg Sol. The motorcyclist observes no beats. So, the apparent

2 2  frequency observed by him from the two sources
must be equal.
Solving this, we get M = 25 kg f1 = f2
In the first case, frequency corresponds to fifth
 330  v   330  v 
harmonic while in the second case it corresponds to  176    165  
 330  22   330 
third harmonic.
Solving this equation, we get v = 22 m/s
2. In the experiment for the determination of the speed
4. A source of sound of frequency 600 Hz is placed
of sound in air using the resonance column method,
inside water. The speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s
the length of the air column that resonates in the
and in air it is 300 m/s. The frequency of sound
fundamental mode, with a tuning fork is 0.1 m. When
recorded by an observer who is standing in air is
this length is changed to 0.35 m, the same tuning fork
[2004]
resonates with the first overtone. Calculate the end
(a) 200 Hz (b) 3000 Hz
correction. [2003]
(c) 120 Hz (d) 600 Hz
(a) 0.012 m (b) 0.025 m
Ans. (d)
(c) 0.05 m (d) 0.024 m
Sol. Frequency does not depend on medium
Ans. (b)
5. A closed organ pipe of length L and an open organ
Sol.  1  0.1m
pipe contain gases of densities 1 and 2 respectively.
v The compressibility of gases are equal in both the
f  … (i)
4 (0.1  e) pipes. Both the pipes are vibrating in their first
e is end correction overtone with same frequency. The length of the open
 2  0.35 organ pipe is
[2004]
3v
f  … (ii) L 4L
4[0.35  e] (a) (b)
3 3
From (i) and (ii)
v 3v 4L 1 4L 2
 (c) (d)
4[0.1  e] 4[0.35  e] 3 2 3 1

0.35  e  0.3  3e Ans. (c)

Sol. Frequency of first overtone for closed pipe
2e  0.05
e  0.025 m n 
f 
4L 1
WAVES 2

n=3 7. A tuning fork of 512 Hz is used to produce resonance

3  in a resonance tube experiment. The level of water at
f  … (i) first resonance is 30.7 cm and at second resonance is
4L 1
63.2 cm. The error in calculating velocity of sound is:
Frequency of first overtone for open pipe
[2005]
3  (a) 204.1 cm/s (b) 110 cm/s
f 
4 L1 2 (c) 58 cm/s (d) 280 cm/s
n=2 Ans. (d)
Sol. f  512 Hz
1 
f  … (ii) 1  30.7 cm
L1 2
From (i) and (ii)  2  63.2 cm

3  1    2 ( 2   1 )

4L 1 L1 2   2[63.2  30.7]
v f
4L 1
L1  v = 512 × 0.65 m
3 2
v = 332.8 m/s
6. An open pipe is in resonance in 2nd harmonic with
v  332.8  330
frequency f1. Now one end of the tube is closed and
= 2.8 m/s = 280 cm/s
frequency is increased to f2 such that the resonance 8. A massless rod BD is suspended by two identical
again occurs in nth harmonic. Choose the correct massless strings AB and CD of equal lengths. A block
option. [2005] of mass m is suspended from point P such that BP is
3 5 equal to x. If the fundamental frequency of the left
(a) n  3, f 2  f1 (b) n  3, f 2  f1
4 4 wire is twice the fundamental frequency of right wire,
5 3 then the value of x is: [2006]
(c) n  5, f 2  f1 (d) n  5, f 2  f1
4 4
Ans. (c)
nd
Sol. 2 harmonic frequency of open pipe
2
f1  v
2L
v
f1  … (i)
L (a) l/5 (b) l/4
th
Frequency of n harmonic for closed pipe (c) 4l/5 (d) 3l/4
n Ans. (a)
f2  v … (ii)
4L Sol.
n = 1, 3, 5 ......
If n = 3
3 v
f2 
4 L
Then frequency is not increased.
So, n will be equal to 5.
n=5
From (i) and (ii)
5
f 2  f1
4
Fundamental frequency of wire AB
1 T1
2f  … (i)
gL 
Fundamental frequency of wire CD
WAVES 3

1 T2 In one second function will zero 96 times.

f  … (ii) cos 4 t  0
gL 
f = 2Hz
From (i) and (ii)
In one second function will zero 4 times.
T2 1
 So total, y will be zero, 100 times in 1 sec.
T1 4
Torque is balanced about point P Paragraph Type Questions
Use the following passage, solve Q. 12 to Q. 14
T1 x  T2 (  x) Passage - 2
T1  4T2
Two trains A and B are moving with speeds 20 m/s and
4T2 x  T2 (  x) 30 m/s respectively in the same direction on the same
 straight track, with B ahead of A. The engines are at the
x front ends. The engine of train A blows a long whistle.
5

Paragraph Type Questions

Use the following passage, solve Q. 9 to Q. 11
Passage - 1
Two plane harmonic sound waves are expressed by the
equations.
y1 (x, t) = A cos (0.5 x – 100 t) f1 f2 Frequency
y2 (x, t) = A cos (0.46 x – 92 t) Assume that the sound of the whistle is composed of
(All parameters are in MKS) components varying in frequency from f1 = 800 Hz to
9. How many times does an observer hear maximum f2 = 1120 Hz, as shown in the figure. The spread in the
intensity in one second? [2006] frequency (highest frequency–lowest frequency) is thus
(a) 4 (b) 10 320 Hz. The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.
(c) 6 (d) 8 12. The speed of sound of the whistle is [2007]
Ans. (a) (a) 340 m/s for passengers in A and 310 m/s for
Sol. 1  2  f1  100  passengers in B
f1 = 50 Hz (b) 360 m/s for passengers in A and 310 m/s for
2  2  f 2  90  passengers in B
(c) 310 m/s for passengers in A and 360 m/s for
f2 = 46 Hz
passengers in B
No. of beats = 50 – 46 = 4
(d) 340 m/s for passengers in both the trains
10. What is the speed of the sound?
Ans. (b)
[2006]
Sol. Speed is sound depends on moving source and frame.
(a) 200 m/s (b) 180 m/s
Speed for A = 340 + 20 = 360 m/s
(c) 192 m/s (d) 96 m/s
Speed for B = 340 – 30 = 310 m/s
Ans. (a)
 100
Sol. v  
k 0.5 
v = 200 m/s
11. At x = 0 how many times the amplitude of y1 + y2 is
zero in one second? [2006]
(a) 192 (b) 48
(c) 100 (d) 96
Ans. (c)
Sol. y1  y2  2 A cos96  t cos 4 t
y1 + y2 = 0
cos 96  t  0
f = 48 Hz
WAVES 4

13. The distribution of the sound intensity of the whistle f '  310 Hz
as observed by the passengers in train A is best 15. A transverse sinusoidal wave moves along a string in
represented by [2007] the positive x–direction at a speed of 10 cm/s. The
(a) wavelength of the wave is 0.5 m and its amplitude is
10 cm. At a particular time t, the snap-shot of the
wave is shown in figure. The velocity of point P when
its displacement is 5 cm is: [2008]

f1 f2 Frequency
(b)

3 ˆ 3 ˆ
(a) jm/ s (b)  jm/ s
50 50

f1 f2 Frequency 3 ˆ 3 ˆ
(c) i m/s (d)  i m/s
(c) 50 50
Ans. (b)
Sol. Point will oscillate in y-direction. Slope at point P is
negative so velocity of particle at point P will be
negative in y-direction
3 ˆ
vP   j m/s
50
f1 f2 Frequency
16. A vibrating string of certain length l under a tension T
(d) resonates with a mode corresponding to the first
overtone (third harmonic) of an air column of length
75 cm inside a tube closed at one end. The string also
generates 4 beats/s when excited along with a tuning
fork of frequency n. Now when the tension of the
string is slightly increased the number of beats
f1 f2 Frequency reduces to 2 per second. Assuming the velocity of
sound in air to be 340 m/s, the frequency n of the
Ans. (a)
tuning fork in Hz is: [2008]
Sol. Intensity
(a) 344 (b) 336
(c) 117.3 (d) 109.3
Ans. (a)
Sol. Frequency of our column for third harmonic
3
f  v
4
String is resonating with pipe to frequency of string
14. The spread of frequency as observed by the
will be same
passengers in train B is
3
[2007] f  v
(a) 310 Hz (b) 330 Hz 4
(c) 350 Hz (d) 290 Hz Tuning fork and string gives 4 beats so
Ans. (a) 3v
n 4
 340  30  4
Sol. f '  320  
 340  20 
WAVES 5

3v 19. A stationary source is emitting sound at a fixed

n  4
4 frequency f0, which is reflected by two cars
3  340 approaching the source. The difference between the
n  4  344 Hz frequencies of sound reflected from the cars is 1.2%
4  0.75
17. A student performed the experiment to measure the of f0. What is the difference in the speeds of the cars
speed of sound in air using resonance air-column (in km per hour) to the nearest integer? The cars are
method. Two resonances in the air-column were moving at constant speeds much smaller than the
–1
obtained by lowering the water level. The resonance speed of sound which is 330 ms . [2009]
with the shorter air-column is the first resonance and Ans. (7.00)
that with the longer air column is the second  v  v1 
resonance. Then, [2009] Sol. f1  f 0  
 v  v1 
(e) the intensity of the sound heard at the first
resonance was more than that at the second  v  v2 
f2  f0  
resonance  v  v2 
(f) the prongs of the tuning fork were kept in a  v  v1 v  v2 
horizontal plane above the resonance tube f1  f 2  f 0   
(g) the amplitude of vibration of the ends of the  v  v1 v  v2 
prongs is typically around 1 cm 1.2 2v (v1  v2 )
f0  f0
(h) the length of the air–column at the first resonance 100 (v  v1 ) (v  v2 )
was somewhat shorter than l/4th of the wavelength v – v1 = v – v2 = v
of the sound in air
1.2 2 (v1  v2 )
Ans. (a,d) f0  f0
100 v
Sol. Longer the length of tube lesser be the intensity
v1 – v2 = 1.98 m/s
1
  v  7 km/hr
4L
v 1 20. When two progressive waves y1 = 4 sin (2x – 6t) and
 v
 4L  
y2 = 3 sin  2 x  6t   are superimposed, the
  2
L
4 amplitude of the resultant wave is [2010]
18. A 20 cm long string, having a mass of 1.0 g, is fixed Ans. (5.00)
at both the ends. The tension in the string is 0.5 N. Sol. A  A12  A22
The string is set into vibration using an external
vibrator of frequency 100 Hz. Find the separation (in A  42  32
cm) between the successive nodes on the string. A=5
[2009] 21. A hollow pipe of length 0.8 m is closed at one end. At
Ans. (5.00) its open end a 0.5 m long uniform string is vibrating
T 0.5 in its second harmonic and it resonates with the
Sol. v  fundamental frequency of the pipe. If the tension in
 10 3 –1
0.2 the wire is 50 N and the speed of sound is 320 ms ,
the mass of the string is: [2010]
v = 10 m/s
(a) 5 g (b) 10 g
v 10
  (c) 20 g (d) 40
f 100
Ans. (b)
  0.1m Sol. 2nd harmonic frequency for string
Distance between two successive nodes. 2 T
 f 
  0.05 m gL 
2
Fundamental frequency of closed pipe
v
f '
4L '
WAVES 6

For resonance 23. Column-I show four systems, each of the same
f  f length L, for producing standing waves. The lowest
possible natural frequency of a system is called its
1 T v
L  fundamental frequency, whose wavelength is denoted
L m 4 L
as f Match each system with statements given in
1 50  0.5 320 Column-II describing the nature and wavelength of

0.5 m 4  0.08 the standing waves. [2011]
m = 10g Column-I Column-II
22. A police car with a siren of frequency 8 kHz is (A) Pipe closed at one (p) Longitudinal
moving with uniform velocity 36 km/h towards a tall end waves
building which reflects the sound waves. The speed
of sound in air is 320 m/s. The frequency of the siren
heard by the car driver is [2011] O L
(a) 8.50 kHz (b) 8.25 kHz (B) Pipe open at both (q) Transverse
(c) 7.75 kHz (d) 7.50 kHz ends waves
Ans. (a)
 v  v0 
Sol. f app   f O L
 v  vs 
(C) Stretched wire (r) f = L
320 clamped at both ends
f app   8 103
320  10
f app  8.25 103 Hz O L
Frequency reflected by wall (D) Stretched wire (s) f = 2L
3
f  8.25 10 Hz clamped at both ends
Frequency heard by driver and at mid-point
320  10
f '  8.25 103 O L
320
L/2
f '  8.5 103 Hz
(t) f = 4L
Ans. (A – p, t; B – p, s; C – q, s; D – q, r)
Sol. (a) In closed organ pipe sound waves are
superimposed
which are longitudinal waves


L
4
  4L
(b) In open organ pipe-sound waves are super
imposed
which are longitudinal waves.
WAVES 7

 (d) a high-pressure pulse starts travelling up the pipe,

L
2 if the other end of the pipe is closed.
  2L Ans. (b,d)
(c) In string waves produced are transverse Sol. A low pressure pulse starts travelling up the pipe if
other end of pipe is open.
A high pressure pulse start travelling up if other end
of pipe is closed.
 26. A student is performing an experiment using a
L resonance column and a tuning fork of frequency
2
244 s-1. He is told that the air in the tube has been
  2L
replaced by another gas (assume that the column
(d)
remains filled with the gas). If the minimum height at
which resonance occurs is (0.350  0.005) m, the gas
in the tube is
(Useful information: 167 RT  640 J 1/ 2 mole 1/ 2 ;
L 140 RT  590 J 1/ 2 mole 1/ 2 . The molar masses M in
24. A student is performing the experiment of resonance grams are given in the options. Take the values of
column. The diameter of the column tube is 4 cm. 10
for each gas as given there.) [2014]
The frequency of the tuning fork is 512 Hz. The air M
temperature is 38°C in which the speed of sound is
10 7
336 m/s. The zero of the meter scale coincides with (a) Neon (M = 20,  )
20 10
the top end of the resonance column tube. When the
first resonance occurs, the reading of the water level 10 3
(b) Nitrogen (M = 28,  )
in the column is [2012] 28 5
(a) 14.0 cm (b) 15.2 cm 10 9
(c) 16.4 cm (d) 17.6 cm (c) Oxygen (M = 32,  )
32 16
Ans. (b)
10 17
1 (d) Argon (M = 36,  )
Sol. f  v 36 32
4(  e)
Ans. (d)
v Sol. The speed of sound in a gas with molecular mass M,
e 
4f ratio of specific heat  , and temperature T is given
v by
 e
4f  RT
v .
e = 0.6 r = 1.2 cm M
336  102 The minimum height of air column for the resonance
  1.2
4  512 to occur is
  15.2 cm  v 1  RT
   … (1)
25. A person blows into open-end of a long pipe. As a 4 4f 4f M
result, a high-pressure pulse of air travels down the 5
pipe. When this pulse reaches the other end of the The ratio of specific heat is  m   1.67 for
3
pipe, [2012]
7
(a) a high-pressure pulse starts travelling up the pipe, monatomic gases  d   1.4 for diatomic gases.
5
if the other end of the pipe is open.
Substitute these values in equation (1) to get
(b) a low-pressure pulse starts travelling up the pipe,
if the other end of the pipe is open 1 1.67 RT 167 RT 10
 Ne  3

(c) a low-pressure pulse starts travelling up the pipe, 4(244) 20  10 4(244) 20
if the other end of the pipe is closed 640 7
  0.459 m,
4(244) 10
WAVES 8

140 RT 10 590 3
 N2    0.363 m, 28. A container of fixed volume has a mixture of one
4(244) 28 4(244) 5
mole of hydrogen and one mole of helium in
140 RT 10 590 9 equilibrium at temperature T. Assuming the gases are
 O2    0.340 m,
4(244) 32 4(244) 16 ideal, the correct statement (s) is (are) [2015]
(a) The average energy per mole of the gas mixture is
167 RT 10 640 17
 Ar    0.348 m. 2RT
4(244) 36 4(244) 32
(b) The ratio of speed of sound in the gas mixture to
Thus, only  Ar lies in the specified range that in helium gas is 6 / 5
(0.350  0.05) m. (c) The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that
27. One end of a taut string of length 3m along the x axis 1
of hydrogen molecules is
is fixed at x = 0. The speed of the waves in the string 2
is 100 ms-1. The other end of the string is vibrating in (d) The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that
the y direction so that stationary waves are set up in 1
of hydrogen molecules is
the string. The possible waveform (s) of these 2
stationary waves is (are) [2014] Ans. (a,b,d)
x 50 t Sol. The internal energy of one mole of an ideal gas at
(a) y (t) = A sin cos
6 3 f
temperature. T is given by U  RT , where f is the
x 100 t 2
(b) y (t) = A sin cos
3 3 degrees of freedom of the gas molecule. The degrees
5 x 250 t of freedom for hydrogen (diatomic) and helium
(c) y (t) = A sin cos (monatomic) gases are f H 2  5 and f H e  3 ,
6 3
5 x respectively.
(d) y (t) = A sin cos 250 t
2 5 3
Thus, U H 2  RT and U He  RT . The total internal
Ans. (a,c,d) 2 2
Sol. The displacement of a stationary wave is given by energy of the gas mixture is
 2 x  5 3
U total  U H 2  U He  RT  RT  4 RT
y (x, t) = A sin   cos (2  ft ). 2 2
  
The mixture contains two moles of the gases, The
The boundary conditions give node at x = 0 and internal energy per mole of the mixture is
antinode at x = 3m i.e., U
y (0, t) = 0, ... (1) U mix  total  2RT
2
y (3, t) =  A. ... (2) The specific heat at constant volume is given by
dU
Cv  . Thus, the specific heats at constant volume
dT
for helium and the mixture are
dU He 3 dUmix
Cv,He   R and Cv,mix   2R .
dT 2 dT
The specific heats at constant pressure, Cp = Cv + R,
for these gases are, t
The fundamental frequency is given by 5
C p , He  Cv , He  R  R and C p , mix  Cv , mix  R  3R
v v 100 25 2
f0     Hz. 5
 4 4(3) 3 The ratio of specific hearts,   C p / Cv , are  He 
3
Thus, the waveform will satisfy equations (1) and (2),
3
and the permissible frequencies will be odd multiples and  mix  .
of f0. 2
The speed of sound, in a gas of molecular mass M, is
given by vs   RT / M . The molecular mass of the
gas mixture is
WAVES 9

mH 2 M H 2  nH e M He  2 I 0  2 I 0 cos ( / 3)  3I 0 .
M mix 
nH 2  nH e 30. Two loudspeakers M and N are located 20 m apart
and emit sound at frequencies 118 Hz and 121 Hz,
(1) (2)  (1)(4)
  3 g / mol , respectively. A car is initially at a point P, 1800 m
11
away from the midpoint Q of the line MN and moves
where nH 2  1 and nH e  1 are the number of moles of
towards Q constantly at 60 km/hr along the
hydrogen and helium in the gas mixture. The ratio of perpendicular bisector of MN. It crosses Q and
the speed of sound in the gas mixture and helium is eventually reaches a point R, 1800 m away from Q.
vs ,mix  mix RT / M mix  mx M He Let v(t) represent the beat frequency measured by a
  person sitting in the car at time t. Let fP, fQ and fR be
vs , He  He RT / H He  He M mix
the beat frequencies measured at locations P, Q and
(3 / 2) (4) 6 R, respectively. The speed of sound in air is 330 ms-1.
  .
(5 / 3) (3) 5 Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true
The rms speed of the atoms/molecules is given by regarding the sound heard by the person? [2016]
vrms  3RT / M. The ratio of the rms speed of helium (a) The plot below represents schematically the
variation of beat frequency with time
atoms to that of hydrogen molecules is
vrms , He 3RT / M He M H2 2 1
    .
vrms , H 2 3RT / M H 2 M He 4 2
29. Four harmonic waves of equal frequencies and equal
 
intensities I0 have phases angles  and  .
 
When they are superposed, the intensity of the
resulting wave is nI 0 .The value of n is. [2015]
(b) The plot below represents schematically the
Ans. (3.00) variation of beat frequency with time
Sol. The intensity of a wave is proportional to the square
of its amplitude i.e., I0  cA2 , where c is a constant.
The amplitudes of four harmonic waves are equal as
their intensities are equal. Let these waves be
travelling along the x direction with wave number k
and angular frequency  . The resultant displacement
of these waves is given by
(c) The rate of change in beat frequency is maximum
y = y1 + y2 + y3 + y4
when the car passes through Q
 A sin( t  kx  0)  A sin ( t  kx   / 3)
(d) fP + fR = 2 fQ
 A sin (t  kx  2 / 3)  Asin ( t  kx   ) Ans. (a,b,c)
 A sin (t  kx   / 3)  Asin ( t  kx  2 / 3) Sol. The frequency of the sources M and N are fM = 118
 2 A sin (t  kx   / 2) cos ( / 6) Hz and fN = 121 Hz. The distances MQ = QN = d =
10 m and PQ = QR = D = 1800 m (see figure). The
 3 A cos ( t  kx).
speed of sound in air is v = 330 m/s and speed of the
The amplitude of the resultant wave is Ar  3 A and car is u = 60 km/hr = 50/3 m/s. The car will
its intensity is I r  cRr2  3cAr2  3I 0 reach Q at time tQ = D/u = 108s and it will reach R at
Note that y1 and y4 are out of phase and interfere time
tR = 2D/v = 216 s.
destructively. The displacement y2 and y3 have a
phase difference of    / 3 . Thus, we can arrive at
the resultant intensity by using the formula.
I r  I 0  I 0  2 I 0 I 0 cos 
WAVES 10

 u ut  D 
 1  f .
 v d 2  (ut  D )2  M
 
The beat frequency heard by the observer at time
t ( tQ ) is
f (t)  f N  f 'M
 u ut  D 
 1    f  f M  … (2)
 v d 2  (ut  D) 2  N
Consider the time when car is at S1 between P and Q.  
Substitute t = 0 and t = tQ = D/u in equation (1) to get
The distance travelled by the car in time t is PS1 = ut.
vP and vQ and substitute t = tR = 2D/u in equation (2)
At this instant, the lines S1N and S1M both makes
 to get vR
angle  with the velocity vector u . The component
of observer (person sitting in the car) velocity towards  u  D
i.e., f P  f  t  0   1    f N  f M  ,
 v
2 2
the sources N and M is u0  u cos  . The sources N d D 
and M are at rest i.e., us = 0. Apply Doppler’s effect fQ  f (t  D / u)  ( f N  f M ),
equation to get frequencies of the sources N and M  u 
D
heard by the observer as f R  f  t  2 D / u   1    f N  f M  ,
 v d 2  D2 
v  u0 v  u cos 
f 'N  fN  fN which gives fP + fR = 2fQ.
v  us v
Differentiate equations (1)-(2) w.r.t. time t to get rate
 u D  ut 
 1   fN , of change of beat frequency
 v 2 2 
d  ( D  ut )  df (t ) u2 d2
    fN  fM  … (3)
v  u0 v  u cos  dt v  d 2  ( D  ut ) 2 3/ 2
f 'M  fM  fM
v  us v
 u D  ut 
 1  f .
 v d 2  ( D  ut ) 2  M
 
The beat frequency heard by the observer at time
t ( tQ ) is f (t )  f 'N  f 'M
 u D  ut 
 1    f N  f M  . … (1)
 v d 2  ( D  ut ) 2 

Now, consider the time t ( tQ ) when car is at S2
From equation (3), the slope is negative and its
between Q and R. The distance travelled by the car in magnitude is maximum when t = D/u = tQ
time t is PS2 = ut. At this instant, the lines S2N and (denominator is minimum). Thus, the rate of change
S2M both make angle (180o –  ) with the velocity of beat frequency is maximum when car passes

vector u . The component of observer velocity through Q. The figure shows that beat frequency is
towards the sources N and M is u0  u cos  . Apply equal to 3.15 Hz at P, it reduces slowly till the car
reaches close to Q, at Q the beat frequency reduces
Doppler’s effect equation to get
sharply, and then it reduces slowly to 2.85 Hz when
v  u0 v  u cos 
f 'N  fN  fN the car reaches R.
v  us v
 u ut  D 
 1   fN ,
 v d 2  (ut  D) 2 

v  u0 v  u cos 
f 'M  fM  fM
v  us v
WAVES 11

31. Two men are walking along a horizontal straight line 32. A train S1, moving with a uniform velocity of 108
in the same direction. The man in front walks at a km/h, approaches another train S2 standing on a
speed 1.0 ms-1 and the man behind walks at a speed platform. An observer O moves with a uniform
2.0 ms-1. A third man is standing at a height 12 m velocity of 36 km/h towards S2, as shown in figure.
above the same horizontal line such that all three men Both the trains are blowing whistles of same
are in a vertical plane. The two walking men are frequency 120 Hz. When O is 600 m away from S2
blowing identical whistles which emit a sound of and distance between S1 and S2 is 800 m, the number
frequency 1430 Hz. The speed of sound in air is 330 of beats heard by O is ……… (Speed of the sound =
ms-1. At the instant, when the moving men are 10 m 330) [2019]
apart, the stationary man is equidistant from them.
The frequency of beats in Hz, heard by the stationary
man at this instant, is ………
[2018]
Ans. (5.00)
Sol.

Ans. (8.13)
Sol. Speed of sound =330 m/s
Beat frequency,

Let the speeds of two men by uP = 2m/s and uQ = 1

m/s. the component of velocity of source P in the  330  10 cos 53º   330  10  
fb  120   
direction of observer O is us = uP cos  (approaching  330  30 cos37º   330  
O). By Doppler’s effect equations. The frequency of  336 34 
Q heard by the observer (u0 = 0) is  120     8.128 Hz
 306 33 
v  u0 v0
f 'p  fp  fp
v  us v   u p cos  
330 1430
 .
330  2 cos
The component of velocity of source Q in the
direction of observer O is us = –uQ cos (moving
away from O). The frequency of Q heard by the
observer O is
v  u0 v0
f Q'  fQ  fQ
v  us v    vQ cos  
330 1430
 .
330  cos
The beat frequency heard by the observer is
 330  1430 330  1430 
f  f 'P  f 'Q    
 330  2 cos  330  cos  
330 1430  3(5 /13)
  5 Hz.
330  330
WAVES 12

33. A musical instrument is made using four different 5 T3

metal strings 1, 2, 3 and 4 with mass per unit length f3   f0
5L 3
 , 2  ,3 and 4  respectively. The instrument is 2 0
4
played by vibrating the strings by varying the free 2 T3 3T0
length in between the range L0 and 2L0. It is found  f0   T3 
3L0  16
that in string 1(  ) at free length L0 and tension T0
the fundamental mode frequency is f0.  L0
Case 4. L =
[2019] 4
14 T4
 f4   f0
List-I List-II 7L 4
2 0
(I) String-1 (  ) (P) 1 4
(II) String-2 (2  ) (Q) 1 2 T4 T0
 f0   T4 
2 L0  16
(III) String-3 (2  ) (R) 1 34. A stationary tuning fork is in resonance with an air
2 column in a pipe. If the tuning fork is moved with a
(IV) String-4 (4  ) (S) 1 speed of 2 ms-1 in front of the open end of the pipe
3 and parallel to it, the length of the pipe should be
(T) changed for the resonance to occur with the moving
3
tuning fork. If the speed of sound in air is 320 ms-1,
16
the smallest value of the percentage change required
(U) 1 in the length of the pipe is ………… [2020]
16 Ans. (0.62 to 0.63)
The length of the strings 1, 2, 3 and 4 are kept fixed at 1 k
Sol. f   f  … (1)
3L 5 L 7L 1 1
L0, 0 , 0 and 0 , respectively. Strings 1, 2, 3 and
2 4 4 ( 1  initial length of pipe)
4 are vibrated at their 1st, 3rd, 5th and 14th
 V  k
harmonics, respectively such that all the strings have   f  {VT Speed of tuning fork,
same frequency. The correct match for the tension in  V  VT  2
the four strings in the units of T0 will be:  2  new length of pipe} … (2)
(a) I  P, II  R, III  T, IV  U (1)  (2)
(b) I  P, II  Q, III  R, IV  T
V  VT  2
(c) I  P, II  Q, III  T, IV  U 
V 1
(d) I  T, II  Q, III  R, IV  U
Ans. (c) 2 V  VT
1  1
Sol. Case 1. L = L0, T = T0, f = f0 1 V

1 T0  2  1 VT
f1  
2 L0  1 V

3L0  2  1 2
Case 2. L =  100   100  0.625
2 1 320
3 T2 1 T2 Therefore, smallest value of percentage change
f2   f0  f0  required in the length of pipe is 0.625.
3L 2 2 L0 
2 0
2
T0
 T2 
2
5L0
Case 3. L =
4
WAVES 13

35. A source, approaching with speed u towards the open

end of a stationary pipe of length L, is emitting a
sound of frequency f s . The farther end of the pipe is
closed. The speed of sound in air is v and f0 is the
fundamental frequency of the pipe. For which of the
following combination(s) of u and fs will the sound
reaching the pipe lead to a resonance? [2021]
(a) u=0.8 v and f s  f 0
(b) u=0.8 v and f s  2 f 0
(c) u=0.8 v and f s  0.5 f 0
(d) u=0.5 v and f s  1.5 f 0
Ans. (a,d)
Sol.

For resonance,
v
 f s  ( odd )  f 0
vu
v
(A)  f 0  5f 0
v  0.8v
v
(B)  2f 0  10f 0
v  0.8v
v f  5
(C)  0  f0
v  0.8v  2  2
v  3f 
(D)   0   3f 0
v  0.5v  2 