by Kunal Sir

What is Framework?
 A framework is a structure that you can build software on. The purpose of the framework
is to allow developer to focus on building a unique feature of their project rather than
writing code from scratch.
 Framework is a set of (predefined class or function) tools and modules that can be
reused for various projects.
 Framework is a set of conceptual structure and guideline, used to build something
useful.
 Example :- Brick

Why use Framework?

 Collection of tools
 No need to write a code from scratch
 Save time
 Improve productivity
 Clean code
 Reusable code
 Easy debugging
 Testing

Web Framework?
A web framework (WF) or web application framework (WAF) is a software framework
that is designed to support the development of web applications including web services, web
resources, and web APIs.

What is Virtual Environment?

A virtual environment is a tool that helps to keep dependencies required by different
projects separate by creating isolated python virtual environments for them.

Steps:
1.pip install virtualenv
2.python -m virtualenv env_name or virtualenv env_name
3.env_name\scripts\activate
4.pip install Django == 3.0
5.django-admin --version or django -m --version
6.deactivate

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 by Kunal Sir

What is Django?
 Django is a back-end server side web framework.
 Django makes it easier to build web pages using Python.
 Django is a free and open-source web framework.
 Django is a Python-based web framework that allows you to quickly create
efficient web applications.
 It follows the Model-View-Template (MVT) architectural pattern.
 It is maintained by the Django Software Foundation (DSF)
 Django was created in 2003 as an internal project at Lowrence Journal-World
News Paper for their web development.
 The Original authors of Django Framework are: Adrian Holovaty, Simon Willison
 After Testing this framework with heavy traffics, Developers released for the
public as open source framework on July 21st 2005.
 It is also called batteries included framework because Django provides built-in
features for everything including Django Admin Interface, default database –
SQLlite3, etc.
 Django takes care of much of the development, so you can focus on writing your
app without needing to reinvent the wheel.

Application

Instagram, Mozilla, Disqus, Pinterest, etc.

Advantages:
 Rapid Development: Django was designed with the intention to make a
framework which takes less time to build web application. The project
implementation phase is a very time taken but Django creates it rapidly. Fully
loaded: Django includes dozens of extras we can use to handle common Web
development tasks. Django takes care of user authentication, content
administration, site maps, RSS feeds, and many more tasks.

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 by Kunal Sir

 Security: Django takes security seriously and helps developers avoid many
common security mistakes, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, cross-site
request forgery and clickjacking. Its user authentication system provides a
secure way to manage user accounts and passwords.
 Scalable: Django is scalable in nature and has ability to quickly and flexibly
switch from small to large scale application project.
 Fully loaded: Django includes various helping task modules and libraries which
can be used to handle common Web development tasks.
 Versatile: Django is versatile in nature which allows it to build applications for
different-different domains. Now a days, Companies are using Django to build
various types of applications like: content management systems, social networks
sites or scientific computing platforms etc.
 Open Source: Django is an open source web application framework. It is
publicly available without cost.

Disadvantage:
1. Mastering
Developers who are migrating from other programming languages to Python with
Django often find it difficult to learn it. The framework has a lot of configurations and
settings that need to be configured out by Developers. Even though it is a simple and
easy-to-understand framework it is often claimed as hard to master.
2. Not suitable for small Projects
Django has a lot of code that requires Server Computation Power and can take a lot of
time, which takes a toll on small applications. Same reason why we wouldn’t use a
drilling machine to punch a staple hole on paper. You can opt for other frameworks such
as Flask to handle smaller projects.
3. Monolithic
Django does not provide a lot of freedom when it comes to project architecture, Django
has its own way of doing things. If a developer tries to implement something out of the
file structure then there is no way Django can access the file. Django is very specific
when it comes to performing tasks in a certain way.

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 by Kunal Sir

4. Tightly Coupled Components

Usually, frameworks maintain their components loose so that developers have an easy
time moving them. Django’s Components are tightly coupled due to which developers
have to focus on installing all the components at the same time.
Many developers find it annoying and time-consuming while migrating their projects
around systems.
5. Cannot Handle Multiple Requests
The majority of the web frameworks improve the execution of web applications by
offering support to handle multiple requests at once.But Django, being a modern web
framework, does not support handling multiple requests simultaneously. Therefore
developers have to come up with different approaches to deal with multiple requests
rapidly.
MVT Architecture:
 MVT architecture is the software design pattern used by the Django web
framework.
 MVT stands for Model – View – Template.

1)Model
The model is going to act as the interface of your data. It is responsible for
maintaining data in database.

2)Template
Templates are responsible for the entire User Interface completely. It handles all the
static parts of the webpage along with the HTML, which the users visiting the
webpage will perceive.

3) Views
In Django, Views act as a link between the Model data and the Templates.
A request handler that returns the relevant template and content - based on the
request from the user.

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 by Kunal Sir

Note: Just like the controller in MVC, views in Django MVT are responsible for handling
all the business logic behind the web app. It acts as a bridge between Models and
Templates.

Model --> Table in DataBase/Class in Python -->models.py

View --> Business Logic --> FBVs/CBVs -->views.py
Template --> Presentation --> HTML file -->templ.html

How to install django:

Step 1: Open pycharm terminal

Step 2: Check virtual environment is activated or not.

Step 3: Make sure Python is already installed in our system

python --version

Step 4: Install django by using pip

pip install django or pip install Django==version

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 by Kunal Sir

Step 5: To check django version:

py -m django –version

Step 6: Create Django Project

django-admin startproject <project_name>

Step 7: Change Directory

cd <project_name>

Step 8: Run development server

py manage.py runserver
python manage.py runserver

Step 9: Click on development server link

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Folder Structure:

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 by Kunal Sir

__init__.py:
It is a blank python script. Because of this special file name, Django treated this folder
as python package.
Note: If any folder contains __init__.py file then only that folder is treated as Python
package. But this rule is applicable until Python 3.3 Version.

settings.py:
In this file we have to specify all our project settings and configurations like
installed applications, middleware configurations, database configurations, etc.

urls.py:
 In urls.py file we have to store all our URL patterns of our project.
 For every view (web page), we have to define separate URL pattern. End user
can use URL patterns to access our webpages.

wsgi.py/asgi.py:
 The full form of wsgi is Web Server Gateway Interface and asgi is asynchronous
Server Gateway Interface.
 It describes the way how servers interact with the applications.
 ASGI is backward-compatible with WSGI and supports multiple servers and
application frameworks.
 We can use this file while deploying our application in production on online
server.

manage.py:
 The most commonly used python script is manage.py.
 It is a command line utility to interact with Django project in various ways like to
run development server, run tests, create migrations etc.
 We will use this file for debugging, deploying, and running our web applications.

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Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052 , Mobile No.- 8888022204