Past Simple (‫)اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬

The past simple tense describes actions that were completed at a specific time in the past.

.‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﯾﺼﻒ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺠﺎزھﺎ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

Key Points (‫)ﻧﻘﺎط رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬

- For regular verbs, add -ed to the base form of the verb.

- ‫ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ‬،‫ ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬-ed ‫إﻟﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬.

- Irregular verbs have unique past forms that must be memorized.

- ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺸﺎذة ﻟﮭﺎ أﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺎﺿﯿﺔ ﻓﺮﯾﺪة ﯾﺠﺐ ﺣﻔﻈﮭﺎ‬.

Components of a Sentence (‫)ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬

In English, a simple sentence in the past simple tense typically consists of a subject and a verb in
the past form.

.‫ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ وﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬

1. Subject (‫)اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬

The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing the action.

.‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ھﻮ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ أو اﻟﻤﻜﺎن أو اﻟﺸﻲء أو اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬

- Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

- I (‫)أﻧﺎ‬

- You (‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫أﻧ‬/‫)أﻧﺖ‬

- He (‫)ھﻮ‬

- She (‫)ھﻲ‬

- It (‫ھﻲ ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬/‫)ھﻮ‬

 - We (‫)ﻧﺤﻦ‬

- They (‫ھﻦ‬/‫)ھﻢ‬

2. Verb (‫)اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬

The verb in the past simple tense changes depending on whether it is a regular or irregular verb.

.‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﻨﺎ ًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻓﻌﻼً ﻋﺎدﯾًﺎ أو ﺷﺎ ًذا‬

- Regular Verbs (‫)اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬: Add -ed to the base form.

.‫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ed- ‫ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ‬-

- Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

- Walk → Walked (‫)ﯾﻤﺸﻲ → ﻣﺸﻰ‬

- Play → Played (‫)ﯾﻠﻌﺐ → ﻟﻌﺐ‬

Rules for Adding -ed to Regular Verbs (‫ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬-ed ‫)إﻟﻰ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬

For most regular verbs, simply add -ed to the base form.

.‫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ed- ‫ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬

• Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

• Walk → Walked (‫)ﯾﻤﺸﻲ → ﻣﺸﻰ‬

• Play → Played (‫)ﯾﻠﻌﺐ → ﻟﻌﺐ‬

2. Verbs Ending in -e (‫ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﺑـ‬-e)

For verbs that already end in -e, just add -d.

.d- ‫ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﻓﻘﻂ‬،e- ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑـ‬

• Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:
• Live → Lived (‫)ﯾﻌﯿﺶ → ﻋﺎش‬

• Bake → Baked (‫)ﯾﺨﺒﺰ → ﺧﺒﺰ‬

3. Verbs Ending in Consonant + y (‫ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬+ y)

For verbs that end in a consonant followed by -y, change -y to -i and add -ed.

.ed- ‫ وﻧﻀﯿﻒ‬i- ‫ إﻟﻰ‬y- ‫ ﻧﻐﯿﺮ‬،y- ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺘﺒﻮع ﺑـ‬

• Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

• Cry → Cried (‫)ﯾﺒﻜﻲ → ﺑﻜﻰ‬

• Study → Studied (‫)ﯾﺪرس → درس‬

4. Verbs Ending in Vowel + y (‫ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬+ y)

For verbs that end in a vowel followed by -y, simply add -ed.

.ed- ‫ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﻓﻘﻂ‬،y- ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﻣﺘﺒﻮع ﺑـ‬

• Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

• Play → Played (‫)ﯾﻠﻌﺐ → ﻟﻌﺐ‬

• Enjoy → Enjoyed (‫)ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ → اﺳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬

5. Verbs Ending in a Single Vowel + Single Consonant (‫ ﺣـﺮف ﺳـﺎﻛـﻦ‬+ ‫اﻷﻓـﻌﺎل اﻟـﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﮭـﻲ ﺑﺤـﺮف ﻣﺘﺤـﺮك ﻣـﻔﺮد‬
‫)ﻣﻔﺮد‬

For one-syllable verbs that end in a single vowel followed by a single consonant, double the
consonant and add -ed.

‫ ﻧـﻀﺎﻋـﻒ اﻟﺤـﺮف‬،‫ﺑـﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻟـﻸﻓـﻌﺎل اﻟـﺘﻲ ﺗـﺘﻜﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﻣـﻘﻄﻊ ﺻـﻮﺗـﻲ واﺣـﺪ وﺗﻨﺘﮭـﻲ ﺑﺤـﺮف ﻣﺘﺤـﺮك ﻣـﻔﺮد ﻣـﺘﺒﻮع ﺑﺤـﺮف ﺳـﺎﻛـﻦ ﻣـﻔﺮد‬
.ed- ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ وﻧﻀﯿﻒ‬
• Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

• Stop → Stopped (‫)ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ → ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬

• Plan → Planned (‫)ﯾﺨﻄﻂ → ﺧﻄﻂ‬

- Irregular Verbs (‫)اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺸﺎذة‬: Have unique past forms.

.‫ ﻟﮭﺎ أﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺎﺿﯿﺔ ﻓﺮﯾﺪة‬-

- Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

- Go → Went (‫)ﯾﺬھﺐ → ذھﺐ‬

- Eat → Ate (‫)ﯾﺄﻛﻞ → أﻛﻞ‬

Form of Past Simple (‫)ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬

- Affirmative Sentences (‫)اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬

- Subject + verb in past form.

Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

- I visited my grandmother.

.‫ أﻧﺎ زرت ﺟﺪﺗﻲ‬-

- She watched a movie.

.ً ‫ ھﻲ ﺷﺎھﺪت ﻓﯿﻠﻤﺎ‬-

- They traveled to France.

.‫ ھﻢ ﺳﺎﻓﺮوا إﻟﻰ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬-

- Negative Sentences (‫)اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﯿﺔ‬

-Subject + did not (didn't) + base form of verb.

Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

- I did not (didn't) play soccer.

.‫ أﻧﺎ ﻟﻢ أﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮة اﻟﻘﺪم‬-

 - He did not (didn't) eat dinner.

.‫ ھﻮ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻌﺸﺎء‬-

- We did not (didn't) finish the project.

.‫ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻧﻨﺘﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬-

- Questions (‫)اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬

-Did + subject + base form of verb?

Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

- Did you go to the park?

‫ ھﻞ ذھﺒﺖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﻘﺔ؟‬-

- Did she read the book?

‫ ھﻞ ﻗﺮأت اﻟﻜﺘﺎب؟‬-

- Did they arrive on time?

‫ ھﻞ وﺻﻠﻮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد؟‬-

Usage of Past Simple (‫)اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬

1. Completed Actions in the Past (‫)اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺠﺰة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

- English: The past simple is used to describe actions that were completed at a specific time in the
past.

.‫ﯾُﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺠﺎزھﺎ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

- I finished my homework yesterday.

- ‫أﻧﮭﯿﺖ واﺟﺒﻲ أﻣﺲ‬.

- They moved to a new house last year.

- ‫اﻧﺘﻘﻠﻮا إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺰل ﺟﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬.

2. Series of Completed Actions (‫)ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺠﺰة‬

- English: It is also used to describe a series of completed actions in the past.

.‫ﯾُﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﯾﻀًﺎ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺠﺰة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

- She woke up, brushed her teeth, and went to work.

.‫ وذھﺒﺖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬،‫ ﻏﺴﻠﺖ أﺳﻨﺎﻧﮭﺎ‬،‫ اﺳﺘﯿﻘﻈﺖ‬-

- He cooked dinner, cleaned the kitchen, and watched TV.

.‫ وﺷﺎھﺪ اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎز‬،‫ ﻧﻈﻒ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﺦ‬،‫ ھﻮ طﺒﺦ اﻟﻌﺸﺎء‬-

3. Duration in the Past (‫)اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

- English: It can describe the duration of an action in the past.

Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

- They lived in Spain for two years.

.‫ ﻋﺎﺷﻮا ﻓﻲ إﺳﺒﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻦ‬-

- She studied French for six months.

.‫ درﺳﺖ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺳﺘﺔ أﺷﮭﺮ‬-

Here are 30 important irregular verbs with their past simple forms and meanings:

1. be - was/were (‫)ﯾﻜﻮن‬

2. become - became (‫)ﯾﺼﺒﺢ‬

3. begin - began (‫)ﯾﺒﺪأ‬

4. break - broke (‫)ﯾﻜﺴﺮ‬

5. bring - brought (‫)ﯾﺤﻀﺮ‬

 6. build - built (‫)ﯾﺒﻨﻲ‬

7. buy - bought (‫)ﯾﺸﺘﺮي‬

8. catch - caught (‫)ﯾﻤﺴﻚ‬

9. choose - chose (‫)ﯾﺨﺘﺎر‬

10. come - came (‫)ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬

11. do - did (‫)ﯾﻔﻌﻞ‬

12. drink - drank (‫)ﯾﺸﺮب‬

13. eat - ate (‫)ﯾﺄﻛﻞ‬

14. find - found (‫)ﯾﺠﺪ‬

15. fly - flew (‫)ﯾﻄﯿﺮ‬

16. get - got (‫)ﯾﺤﺼﻞ‬

17. give - gave (‫)ﯾﻌﻄﻲ‬

18. go - went (‫)ﯾﺬھﺐ‬

19. have - had (‫)ﯾﻤﻠﻚ‬

20. hear - heard (‫)ﯾﺴﻤﻊ‬

21. know - knew (‫)ﯾﻌﺮف‬

22. leave - left (‫)ﯾﻐﺎدر‬

23. lose - lost (‫)ﯾﺨﺴﺮ‬

24. make - made (‫)ﯾﺼﻨﻊ‬

25. read - read (‫)ﯾﻘﺮأ‬

26. run - ran (‫)ﯾﺮﻛﺾ‬

27. say - said (‫)ﯾﻘﻮل‬

28. see - saw (‫)ﯾﺮى‬

29. take - took (‫)ﯾﺄﺧﺬ‬

30. write - wrote (‫)ﯾﻜﺘﺐ‬

The verb "to be" in the past simple tense has two forms:
1. was (for singular subjects: I, he, she, it)

- Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

- I was at home. (‫)ﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬

- She was tired. (‫)ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﻌﺒﺔ‬

- It was a sunny day. (ً ‫)ﻛﺎن ﯾﻮﻣﺎ ً ﻣﺸﻤﺴﺎ‬

2. were (for plural subjects: we, you, they)

- Examples (‫)أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:

- We were happy. (‫)ﻛﻨﺎ ﺳﻌﺪاء‬

ِ ‫ﻛﻨ‬/ً‫)ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮا‬
- You were late. (‫ﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮة‬

- They were excited. (‫)ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴﯿﻦ‬

Verb "to be" in the Past Simple: Negative, Yes/No Questions, and WH-Questions

1. Negative Sentences (‫)اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﯿﺔ‬

To form a negative sentence with the past simple of "to be," use was not or were not, which can be
contracted to wasn't and weren't.

- Singular Subjects (I, he, she, it):

- I was not at home. (‫)ﻟﻢ أﻛﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬

- She was not tired. (‫)ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﺒﺔ‬

- It wasn’t a sunny day. (ً ‫)ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﯾﻮﻣﺎ ً ﻣﺸﻤﺴﺎ‬

- Plural Subjects (we, you, they):

- We were not happy. (‫)ﻟﻢ ﻧﻜﻦ ﺳﻌﺪاء‬

- You were not late. (‫ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮة‬/ً‫)ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮا‬

 - They weren’t excited. (‫)ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴﯿﻦ‬

2. Yes/No Questions (‫ﻻ‬/‫)أﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻧﻌﻢ‬

To form a yes/no question, invert the subject and the verb "to be."

- Singular Subjects:

- Was she tired? (‫)ھﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﻌﺒﺔ؟‬

- Was it a sunny day? (‫)ھﻞ ﻛﺎن ﯾﻮﻣﺎ ً ﻣﺸﻤﺴﺎً؟‬

- Plural Subjects:

ِ ‫ﻛﻨ‬/ً‫)ھﻞ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮا‬

- Were you late? (‫ﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮة؟‬

- Were they excited? (‫)ھﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴﯿﻦ؟‬

3. WH-Questions (‫ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬WH)

To form WH-questions, start with the WH-word, followed by the verb "to be," then the subject, and
finally the rest of the question.

- Singular Subjects:

- Why was it so cold? (‫)ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺠﻮ ﺑﺎرداً؟‬

- Plural Subjects:

- Why were they late? (‫)ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﺄﺧﺮوا؟‬