BIOLOGY FORM 2

AUGUST HOLIDAY ASIGNEMENT .

1.a) What is the fundamental difference between a lion and a cedar tree?
(2marks)
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b) List the three other differences (3marks)
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2.The diagram below represents a biological tool. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

i) Identify the tool (1mark)

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ii) Give a reason for your answer (1mark)
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iii) State the use of the tool (1mark)
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iv) State any two maintenance practices of the tool (1mark)

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3.a) What is Binomial nomenclature (1mark)
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 b) State three rules of Binomial nomenclature (3marks)
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4.Give one reason for each of the following precautions:
a) Light microscope should be kept free from dust (1mark)
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b) Light microscope should be kept free from moisture (1mark)
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c) A microscope should never be put too close to the edge of a working bench
during practicals. (1mark)
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d) Focusing should never be done downwards with eyes on the ocular lens.
(1mark)
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5.State the functions of each of the following parts of a microscope.
a) Diaphragm (1mark)
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b) Objective lens (1mark)
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c) Condenser (1mark)
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6.The diagram below is a generalized diagram of a cell.

(a) (i) Suggest an organism from which this cell was obtained (1mark)
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(ii) Give three reasons for your answer in (a) (i) above (3marks)
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(b) State three functions of the structure labelled G (3marks)
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State two functions of the cell sap. I'll(2 marks)
(c) Which of the labelled structures?
i) Stores enzymes (1mark)
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ii) Secretes enzymes (1mark)
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iii) Synthesizes glucose (1mark)
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(d) Name the organic compound found in the structure marked C
(1mark)
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 7.a) Give a reason why each of the following steps are followed when
preparing a cross section of a leaf for examination under a microscope:
(i) Cutting very thin sections (1mark)
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(ii) Placing the sections in water (1mark)
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(iii) Staining the sections before observing under a microscope (1mark)
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(iv) Placing a cover slip over the plant section (1mark)
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(v) Using a sharp razor blade (1mark)
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b) If a microscope with an eyepiece lens of x10 Was used to magnify the cell
400times, what power of the objective lens was used in that microscope? show
your working. (2marks)
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8. (a) Sate the function of the following tissues in animals:
i) Blood. (1mark)
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ii) Connective tissue (1mark)
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iii)Epithelial tissue (1mark)
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(b) (i) Name the two components of the vascular tissues in plants and give the
function of each. (2marks)
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(ii) Name two supportive tissues in plants (1mark)
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(c)State two characteristics of meristematic tissues in plants (2marks)
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9. Differentiate:
i) Osmosis and diffusion. (2marks)
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ii) Hypertonic and hypotonic solution (2marks)
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10.A group of students set up an experiment to investigate a certain
physiological process. The set up was as shown in the diagram below.

After sometimes the student observed that the level of the sugar solution had
risen.

a) What physiological process was being investigated? (1mark)

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b) Account for the rise in the level of the sugar solution in this experiment
(4marks)
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c) Suggest the results that the students would obtain if they repeated the
experiment using a piece of boiled potato. (1mark)
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d) Give a reason for your answer in (c)(i) above (2marks)
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11. (a) The diagram below shows the detail of part of the lower surface of a leaf.

(i) Name each of the cell A and B (2marks)

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(ii) State two adaptations of the cell labelled A ` (2marks)
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12.a) In a chloroplast where do the following occur?
i) Light dependent stage. (1mark)
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ii) Light independent stage (1mark)
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b) Briefly describe the light stage of photosynthesis. (5marks)
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c) Apart from glucose state two other subsidiary products formed at the end of
photosynthesis. (2marks)
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13. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follows

a) Where in the cell does process R occurs? (1mark)

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b) Name:
i) Molecule C (1mark)
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ii) Bond E (1mark)

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 iii) Two substances that can break bond E (2marks)
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c) (i) Name each of the process Rand S (2marks)

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d) Name an Enzyme that can facilitate process S (1mark)

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e) Where in the Human body does process S occurs (1mark)

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f) State the function of molecule C (3marks)

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14. The diagram below shows part of the human alimentary canal.

(a) Identify the organ labelled K (1mark)

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(b) Name the muscles labelled T and S and give the function of each (4marks)
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(c) Name the part labelled R.
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(d) Name an enzyme secreted in the organ labeled K and give the functions of
each in the digestion process. (4marks)
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(e) Explain how this organ is suited to its function (3marks)
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15. The diagram below shows the villi of the Mammalian ileum.

a) Name the Part labeled A

(1mark)
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b) What is the importance of intestinal villi?

(1mark)

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c) What is the function of the part labelled C
(1mark)

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d) Name one digestive product that can be found in each part labeled A and B
(2marks)

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16. State two roles of peristalsis in living organisms (2marks)

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17.The diagram below represents a transverse section of a plant stem.

(a) Name the parts labelled A and D (2marks)

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(b) State the function of each of the parts labelled B, C and F (3marks)
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(c) List the three differences between the sections shown above and the one
that would be obtained from the root of the same plant. (3marks)
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18. Explain how the following factors affect the rate of transpiration.
(i) Sunken stomata. (2marks)
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(ii) Hairy leaves. (2marks)
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(iii) Saturation deficit. (2marks)
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19. (a) Distinguish between each of the following.
(i) Diastole and Systole (2marks)
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(ii) Tissue fluid and lymph (2marks)
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(iii) what is the functional difference between hepatic portal vein and
pulmonary vein. (2marks)
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(b). Explain the antibody antigen reaction if a recipient of blood group A- who
previously had received blood of group A+ receives the same blood of group A+
for the second time. (2marks)
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20. Below is a summary of blood clotting.
 a) Identify the blood cells represented by letter A
(1mark)

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b) Name the metal ion represented by letter W (1mark)

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c) Name the blood protein represented by C (1mark)

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d) Identify the product B and state its significance (1mark)

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21. Study the following metabolic reaction and answer the questions that follow.
 (a) Name the tissue in which the above reaction takes place (1mark)
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(b) What is the significance of the process (1mark)
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(c) Name the enzyme x (1mark)
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(d) State the effects of accumulation of H+ in the equation. (1mark)
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22. Name two ways in which leaves of a plant are adapted for gaseous
exchange
(2marks)
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23.Lenticels are gaseous exchange sites in woody plants. However, no intake of
carbon iv oxide occurs through them like in stomata. (2marks)
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24.The diagram below shows how gaseous exchange occurs across the gill
filaments of a fish.

(a) According to the water and blood flows in opposite direction across the
gills.
(i) Give the term used to describe this flow (1mark)
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(ii) Explain the advantage of the above flow named in a(i) above
(2marks)
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(b) What difference would be observed if water and blood flows across the
gills in the same direction (2marks)
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(c) Name the two organs in man, which display the flow system named in a
(i) above. (1mark)
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25.The diagram below shows part of gaseous exchange system in an insect.

(a) Name the structures A to D and give function of each. (2marrks)

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(b) State two ways in which structure D is adapted to carry out its
functions. (3marks)
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 (c) During a strenuous muscular activity in this organism the amount of
fluid Q reduces. Explain how this change arises and its significance.
(3marks)
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(d) Account for the absence of structure C in D. (2marks)
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26. The diagram below represents a structure dealing with gaseous

exchange in a mammal.

a) Name the structure shown above, (1mark)

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b) Sate two adaptations of the structure you have named in (a) above
(1mark)
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c) Name the parts labeled A and B (1marks)
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 d) In what forms is carbon iv oxide transported in structures B (2marks)
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e) State the role of the surfactant fluid (1mark)
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Given the equation of respiration:

C6 H12 O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + Energy

27. Name the type of respiration taking place. (1mk)

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Calculate the respiratory quotient (RQ) , use the equation. (2marks)

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Give three (3) economic importance of the process in a above. (3 marks)

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