Power Plant Electrification

Inhouse Version

WÄRTSILÄ®, Power Plant Electrification,

Power plant

1 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

 Wärtsilä Land & Sea Academy

© 2019 BY WÄRTSILÄ CORPORATION Document number WGP-INDFSTMCD001L a51 en

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
OF WÄRTSILÄ CORPORATION WHICH SHALL REMAIN THE PROPERTY OF WÄRTSILÄ CORPORATION.
NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REPRODUCED, COPIED, DISCLOSED OR GIVEN TO ANY THIRD Manual type Learner manual
PARTY IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM WÄRTSILÄ
CORPORATION. THE CONTENT OF THIS DOCUMENT SHALL NOT BE USED FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN
FOR WHICH IT IS PROVIDED.
POWER PLANT ELECTRIFICATION –
WÄRTSILÄ, THE WÄRTSILÄ LOGO AND LEARN@SEA™/ LEARN @ PLANT™ ARE TRADEMARKS OF
WÄRTSILÄ CORPORATION AND SHALL NOT BE USED WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT BY WÄRTSILÄ INHOUSE VERSION
CORPORATION.
THIS DOCUMENT IS PRODUCED FOR TRAINING AND INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY AND THEREFORE
INSTRUCTIONS, DESCRIPTIONS, ILLUSTRATIONS OR DRAWINGS HEREIN MAY CONTAIN DIFFERENCES Dual fuel
COMPARED TO EQUIPMENT OWNED/OPERATED BY YOU. WÄRTSILÄ ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR THE
CONSEQUENCES OF ACTIONS, INACTIONS AND/OR DECISIONS MADE OR BASED ON THE INFORMATION
IN THIS DOCUMENT. THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE"
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TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY MANDATORY PROVISIONS OF APPLICABLE LAW.

2 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Introduction to training course

• Training manual notes
• Engine control system
• Instrumentation system
• Control system
• Automation system
• Safety system
• Monitoring system
• Speed measuring system
• Generator protection and control system
• Generator protection system - VAMP
• Generator control system - Unitrol
• Electrical drawing
• Reading electrical drawings

3 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

 INTRODUCTION TO TRAINING COURSE

4 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

 TRAINING MANUAL NOTES

5 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

TRAINING MANUAL NOTES

NOTE!

The following training material is supplied as general information only. The operating personnel must
decide what actions are appropriate for the whole plant, while taking all equipment into consideration.

For detailed information about supervision, operation and maintenance of the plant refer to manuals and
instructions supplied in plant’s documentation.

Personnel who supervisor, operate and maintain the plant should be well- trained, guided, supervised and
knowledgeable concerning different systems and the work to be carried out.

6 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

 ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM

123 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

 INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM

124 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Abbreviations
n CAC Charge Air Cooler
n LOC Lubricating Oil Cooler
n TC Turbo Charger
n HT High Temperature
n LT Low Temperature

34DF

9 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Engine main systems TE700

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor
TE700 for zero main
bearing

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10 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Engine main systems TE701…TE70*

Components
n 01 Temperature sensors
TE701…TE70* for
main bearings

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11 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Engine main systems TE7011A-TE7062A

Components
n Temperature sensor for
cylinders
n01 Thermoelement
TE7011A…TE7061A
n02 Thermoelement
TE7012A…TE7062A

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12 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Engine main systems TE7011B-TE7062B

Components
n Temperature sensor for
cylinders
n01 Thermoelement
TE7011B…TE7061B
n02 Thermoelement
TE7012B…TE7062B

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13 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Engine main systems SE60*4

Components
n 01 Knock sensor SE60*4

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14 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Fuel system TE101, LS103A, PT101

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor for
fuel oil TE101
n 02 Level switch for leak oil,
clean fuel LS103A
n 03 Pressure sensor for
fuel oil PT101

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© Wärtsilä 15 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Fuel system LS103B

Components
n 01 Level switch for leak oil,
clean fuel LS103B

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© Wärtsilä 16 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Fuel system LS108A

Components
n 01 Level switch LS108A
for leak oil

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17 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Fuel system LS108B

Components
n 01 Level switch LS108B
for leak oil

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18 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Fuel system TE112 and PT112

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor
TE112 for pilot fuel
n 02 Pressure sensor
PT112 for pilot fuel

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19 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Fuel system PT125

Components
n 01 Pilot fuel pressure,
PT125 pump outlet

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20 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Fuel system PDS129

Components
n 01 Pressure switch PDS129
for pilot fuel filter

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21 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Fuel system PT901

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor
PT901 for main gas

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22 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM ALT. DESIGN 1

Sensors for Fuel system PT901

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor
PT901 for main gas

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23 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Lubricating oil system PT201, TE201 and PTZ201

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor for
lube oil, PT201
n 02 Temperature sensor
for lube oil, TE201
n 03 Lubrication oil pressure,
PTZ201

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24 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Lubricating oil system TE202

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor
TE202, engine outlet

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25 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Lubricating oil system LS204

Components
n 01 Level switch LS204
in oil sump, low level

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26 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Lubricating oil system PT241

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor PT241,
filter inlet

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27 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Lubricating oil system PT271

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor PT271
oil to turbocharger, TC inlet

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28 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Lubricating oil system PT281

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor PT281,
TC B inlet

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29 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Lubricating oil system PT700

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor PT700
for crankcase

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30 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Cooling water system PT401 and TE501

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor PT401,
jacket inlet
n 02 Temperature sensor
TE401, jacket inlet

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31 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Cooling water system TE402 and TE403

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor
TE402
n 03 Temperature sensor
TE403

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32 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_01en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Cooling water system TEZ402 and TEZ403

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor
TEZ402, engine outlet
n 02 Temperature sensor
TEZ403, engine outlet

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© Wärtsilä 33 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Cooling water system TE471 and TE432

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor
TE471for LT water,
CAC inlet
n 02 Temperature sensor
TE432 for HT water,
CAC outlet

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34 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Cooling water system PT471

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor
PT471 for LT water,
CAC inlet

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35 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM ALT. DESIGN 1

Sensors for Cooling water system PT471

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor
PT471 for LT water,
CAC inlet

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36 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Intake and Exhaust systems TE50*1A

Components
n 01 Pressure sensors for
cylinders TE5011A… TE5*1B

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37 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Intake and Exhaust systems PT50*1A

Components
n 01 Pressure sensors for
cylinders PT5011A… PT5*1B

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38 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Intake and Exhaust systems TE511 and TE521

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor
TE511, A-bank
n 02 Temperature sensor
TE521, B-bank

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39 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Intake and Exhaust systems TE517

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor
TE517,for exhaust gas,
TC A outlet

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40 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Intake and Exhaust systems TE527

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor
TE527 for exhaust gas,
TC B outlet

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41 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Intake and Exhaust systems TE600

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor
TE600, sensor for
charge air, TC inlet

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42 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Intake and Exhaust systems TE601

Components
n 01 Temperature sensor
TE601, engine inlet

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43 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Intake and Exhaust systems PT601

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor
PT601, engine inlet

34DF

44 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM ALT. DESIGN 1

Sensors for Intake and Exhaust systems PT601

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor
PT601, engine inlet

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45 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Control and Instrumentation systems GS171

Components
n 01 Position sensor GS171

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46 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Control and Instrumentation systems PT301-2A

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor PT301-2A
starting air, engine inlet

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47 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Control and Instrumentation systems PT301-2B

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor PT301-2B
starting air, engine inlet

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48 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Control and Instrumentation systems PT311

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor PT311
for control air

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49 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Control and Instrumentation systems PT312

Components
n 01 Pressure sensor PT312
for instrument air

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50 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Sensors for Control and Instrumentation systems GS792

Components
n 01 Position sensor GS792
for turning gear

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51 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Speed measuring system ST173 and ST174

Components
n 01 Engine speed sensor
ST173 (main), ESM1
n 02 Engine speed sensor
ST174 (back-up), ESM2

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52 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Speed measuring system ST196P and ST196S

Components
n 01 Engine speed sensor
ST196P (prime)
n 02 Engine speed sensor
ST196S (back-up)

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53 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Speed measuring system ST197P and ST197S

Components
n 01 Engine speed sensor
ST197P (prime) at
camshaft
n 02 Engine speed sensor
ST197S (back-up)
camshaft

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54 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Speed measuring system SE518

Components
n 01 Turbocharger speed
sensor SE518,
A-bank

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© Wärtsilä 55 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Speed measuring system SE528

Components
n 01 Turbocharger speed
sensor SE528,
B-bank

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© Wärtsilä 56 W34DF-V00R07CB0719D001S_02en / Turku Training Centre

 CONTROL SYSTEM

197 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

CONTROL SYSTEM
Shut-down mechanism

Components
n 01 Emergency stop button
n 02 Stop lever

58 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Control shaft assembly

Components
n 01 Quantity control shaft
n 03 Lever
n 04 Lever
n 05 Cylindrical torsion spring
n 07 Bearing bracket
n 08 Shaft lever
n 09 Injection pump
n 10 Mechanical limiter

59 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Control shaft at driving end

Components
n 01 Mechanical limiter
n 02 Shaft lever

60 © Wärtsilä 60 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Mechanical control system - Connection rods for control shafts

Components
n 01 Lever
n 02 Control shaft
n 03 Connecting rod
n 04 Connecting sleeve
n 05 Bearing bracket

61 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Governing system arrangement

Components
n 01 Actuator
n 02 Actuator drive
n 03 Levers and link bars
n 04 Booster

62 © Wärtsilä 62 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Governing system arrangement

Components
n 01 Actuator
n 02 Quantity control shaft
n 03 Control rack
n 04 Lever
n 05 Link bar

63 © Wärtsilä 63 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Actuator

Connections
n A Oil inlet 1, from booster
n B Oil outlet, to booster

64 © Wärtsilä 64 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Booster servomotor

Components
n 01 Check valve A
n 02 Check valve B
n 03 Check valve C
n 04 Stroke limit screw
Connections
n A Oil outlet 1
n B Oil outlet 2
n C Oil inlet from governor
n D Air connection
n E Vent

65 © Wärtsilä 65 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Booster servomotor, first phase of operation

Components
n 01 Check valve A, open
n 02 Check valve B, open
n 03 Check valve C, closed
n 04 Stroke limit screw
Connections
n A Oil outlet 1
n B Oil outlet 2
n D Air connection
n E Vent

66 © Wärtsilä 66 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Booster servomotor, second phase of operation

Components
n 01 Check valve A, closed
n 02 Check valve B, closed
n 03 Check valve C, open
n 04 Stroke limit screw
Connections
n C Oil inlet from actuator
n D Air pressure released
n E Vent

67 © Wärtsilä 67 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Actuator drive assembly

Components
n 01 Gear wheel for governor
drive
n 02 Gear for governor drive
shaft
n 03 Connection sleeve
n 04 Drive shaft
n 05 Bearing bush
n 06 O-ring
n 07 Actuator CV161
n 08 Cover

68 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Control air system arrangement - Internal
System components
n 01 Main starting valve
n 02 Flame arrester
n 03 Starting air valve in cylinder head
n 04 Starting control valve in VIC
n 05 Camshaft
n 08A Solenoid valve for starting
n 08B Solenoid valve for slow turning
n 09 Blocking valve for turning gear
n 12 Air container
n 13A Stop/shutdown solenoid valve
n 13B Stop/shutdown solenoid valve
n 14 Pneumatic stop cylinder
n 23 Booster for governor
n 28 Safety valve
Connections
n 301 Starting air from B-bank

69 © Wärtsilä November 21, 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Control air system arrangement - Internal
System components
n 20 Control air valve CV312
n 21 I/P converter for wastegate positioner CV519
n 22 Exhaust wastegate positioner
n 23 Wastegate valve
n 24 I/P converter to by-pass valve CV643
n 25 By-pass valve positioner
n 26 By-pass valve
n 27 Solenoid valve for gas venting CV947
n 28 Gas venting valve

Connections
n 320 Control air inlet

70 © Wärtsilä November 21, 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM 04 03
01
Control air piping at driving end
Components
n 01 Main starting valve
n 02 Air bottle
n 03 Solenoid valve for
slow turning CV331 E
n 04 Solenoid valve for C
starting CV321
D B

Connections
n A Starting air inlet F
A
n B Air for slow turning control 02
n C Air to blocking valve
n D Air from blocking valve
n E Air for starting control
n F Control air for starting air valve

71 © Wärtsilä 71 November 2019

21 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre
CONTROL SYSTEM
Control air to pneumatic stop cylinders

The pneumatic stop cylinders are

electronically controlled by the stop
button.
When the control valve is activated,
the air flows through the air block and
the control air pipes to the pneumatic
stop cylinders on the injection pumps.

System components
n 01 Control air pipe
Connections
n G Control air to pneumatic stop
cylinders

Fig. name: Control air to pneumatic stop cylinders

72 © Wärtsilä 72 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Control air to booster

Components
n 01 Booster
n 02 Actuator
Connections
n H Control air to booster

73 © Wärtsilä 73 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Blocking valve for turning gear

Components
n 01 Blocking valve for turning gear
n 02 Lever

Connections
n A Air to blocking valve
n B Air from blocking valve

74 © Wärtsilä 74 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

CONTROL SYSTEM
Control air for gas air venting system
System components
n System components
n 01 Actuator
n 02 Solenoid valve CV947
n 03 Gas venting valve
n 04 Air pipe to gas venting
n 05 Control air pipe for actuator

Connections
n A Gas from gas manifold
n B Gas system vent
n C Control air to actuator

© Wärtsilä 75
21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre
CONTROL SYSTEM
Control air pipes for wastegate and by-pass system 04
Components
n 01 Air distribution piece 03
n 02 I/P converter for wastegate
positioner CV519
n 03 Positioner for wastegate
n 04 Actuator for wastegate
n 05 I/P converter for by-pass 07
positioner CV643
n 06 Positioner for by-pass
n 07 Actuator for by-pass 05 06

02
Connections
01
n A 320 Control air inlet
A

76 © Wärtsilä 21 November 2019 W34DF-V00R07CB0707A003S_01en / Turku Training Centre

 AUTOMATION SYSTEM

197 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

AUTOMATION SYSTEM

UNIC – Design targets

Quality and Reliability

• Reliability – The system shall meet and exceed the expectations on reliability. This will include special
measures for redundancy, fault tolerance as well as mechanical and electrical design.
• Quality – Complete on-engine controls with proper system integrity for safe commissioning, ready
tested and tuned systems from factory.
• Cost efficiency – Providing a good total cost efficiency, where the manufacturing, installation,
commissioning and operation have been taken into account. The system scalability shall allow for a
feasible application on all Wärtsilä engines.
• Capability – The system shall provide a cutting-edge technology that will develop and scale with the
upcoming needs on advanced engine controls.

No backward compatibility required!

198 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

AUTOMATION SYSTEM

UNIC – One system for ”One Wärtsilä”

• EFIC = Electronic Fuel Injection

Control
• CR = Common rail
• DF = Dual Fuel
• SG = Spark ignite Gas engine

199 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

AUTOMATION SYSTEM

UNIC – One system for ”One Wärtsilä”

200 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

AUTOMATION SYSTEM

UNIC_C3 main components

LCP-Local control panel

• Backup instruments
• Monitoring
• Local controls

LDU-Local display unit

• Local parameter display
• Logging
• Ethernet gateway

MCM-Main control module

• Engine management
• Speed/load control
• I/O interface

WCD-Wärtsilä coil driver

• SG-engines only

201 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

AUTOMATION SYSTEM

UNIC_C3 main components

ESM-Engine safety module

• Safety functions
• Engine shutdowns
• Backup operation
• Speed monitoring

CCM-Cylinder control module

• Fuel injection, combustion control
• Cylinder measurements
• Fast measurements (knock, pressure)

IOM-Input/Output module
• Measurements
• Analogue control
• Binary control

202 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

AUTOMATION SYSTEM

UNIC_C3 main components

PDM-Power distribution module

• Filtering
• Protection
• Earth fault detection

WECSPlorer UT, Tool

• Engine tuning
• Trending
• Advanced diagnostics
• Software updates
• Troubleshooting

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AUTOMATION SYSTEM

System platforms of UNIC_C3

The UNIC system provides the following functionality:

• On-engine safety (e.g. over speed, LO pressure, cooling water temp.)
• Local monitoring
• Hardwired and bus interface to external alarm and monitoring systems
• Speed and load control
• Start and stop management
• Engine control

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System platforms of UNIC_C3

The system is handling the following major tasks and functions:

• Provides a local interface to the operator, including a local display indicating all important engine
measurements, an hour-counter and a local control panel.
• Engine start and stop management, including e.g. start block handling and slow-turning, load reduction,
waste-gate control and LT/HT-thermostat control.
• Handles engine safety (e.g. alarms, shutdowns, emergency stops, load reductions) including fully
hardwired safety for engine over speed trip, lube oil pressure, cooling water temperature and external
shutdowns.
• An electronic speed and load controller with various operation modes.

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System platforms of UNIC_C3

The system is handling the following major tasks and functions:

• Electronic Fuel Injection Control (EFIC) technology.
• Fuel management for operation on gas- and diesel- and backup fuel, and transfer between these fuel
modes (DF).
• Limp mode functionality (for Single Main Engine design).

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Local display unit

Power plant installation

System components
• 01 Graphical display
• 02 Selector knob
• 03 Escape button
• 04 Alarm list button
• 05 Acknowledge button
• 06 Home button

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Main controller/speed governor (MCM)

• Handles all strategic control

functions (such as start/stop
sequencing and speed control) of
the engine.

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Actuator

• This hydraulic-mechanical actuator

is used in diesel- and back-up
operating mode for control of the
fuel rack of the engine.
• The actuator receives a control
signal from main controller module
and sets the fuel rack position
accordingly.

Connections
• 01 Cable connection

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Engine safety module (ESM)

• The ESM is an electronic control

unit especially developed for the
purpose of fundamental safety and
speed measuring functions on
Wärtsilä 4-stroke engines.
• The ESM module is largely
redundant, based on multiple
microcontrollers and FPGA logic
and built to meet the stringest
safety requirements.

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Engine safety module (ESM)

Speed related
• Engine speed input #1 • Speed signal 4-20 mA, local indication
• Engine speed input #2 • Speed signal 4-20 mA/0-10 V, remote indication
• Overspeed shutdown #1 • Running hour counter signal
• Overspeed shutdown #2 • Turbo charger A speed input
• Engine speed pulse to MCM • Turbo charger B speed input
• Speed window #1 • TC-A speed signal, local indication
• Speed window #2 • TC-A speed signal, remote indication
• Speed switch #1 (“Engine running”) • TC-B speed signal, local indication
• Speed switch #2 • TC-B speed signal, remote indication
• Speed switch #3 • Speed pulse LED-indications
• Speed switch #4

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Engine safety module (ESM)

Safety related
• LO pressure shutdown • Emergency stop
• LO pressure start blocking • Pneumatic stop solenoid #1
• HT-water temp shutdown A • Pneumatic stop solenoid #2
• HT-water temp shutdown B • Rigsaver stop solenoid
• Local/remote stop (“manual”) • SSV stop solenoid
• Main controller shutdown (MCM) • Mechanical governor stop solenoid
• Oil mist shutdown • Run/stop information to governor
• Speed actuator driver shutdown • De-clutch control
• HT-water pressure shutdown • Pre-lubrication start blocking
• Crankcase/big end bearing shutdown • Shutdown pre-warning
• External shutdown #1 (PLC) • Stop/shutdown override
• External shutdown #2 (ext. Governor) • Shutdown reset
• External shutdown #3 (Gear box LO pressure) • CAN communication bus

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Input/Output module (IOM-10)

• The I/O unit is used for data

acquisition of analogue/
binary/frequency signals, but also
for control, such as:
• waste-gate control
• by-pass control
• LT/HT-water thermostat valve
control

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Cylinder control module (CCM-20)

• The module processes locally

functions related to fuel injection
control and cylinder-specific
measurements.
• The cylinder control module
handles the injection control of 1-3
cylinders and can be used as
backup-controller up to 3 other
cylinders.

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Main gas admission valve

• The quantity of main gas admitted

to each cylinder is controlled by gas
admission valves, which are
actuated by the cylinder controller
modules (CCM).
• The operating voltages for main gas
admission valves are 24 VDC and
110 VDC.

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PWM control

• The PWM drive signal has envelop

shaping to provide fast and
consistent valve opening but also
low heat generation in the coil.

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PWM control

• Higher current level (“pull-in

current”) is used to ensure a very
fast and cycle-to-cycle consistent
opening of the valve.
• The pull-in and hold-in current
levels are software configurable.

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PWM control

Control module, CCM

• PWM output characteristics,
measured curves.

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Power distribution module (PDM-20)

The following features are provided

• Monitoring of voltages
• Short circuit protection
• EMC filter
• Over-voltage protection
• Transient suppressors
• Power failure detection
• Earth fault detection
• Reverse polarity protection
• Separate modules for 24VDC and
110VDC

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Power distribution module (PDM-20)

Internal connections of power module
• Internally, the PDM is designed in
the following principal way.

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Wärtsilä Terminal Box (WTB)

• Electronic modules and terminals

which are distributed on the engine,
are mounted in specially designed
Wärtsilä terminal boxes.

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Pmax control

• Based on adjusting the duration of the

gas admission (cylinder wise)
• The actions are determined by two
values:
1. The peak pressure for the cylinder
2. The average peak pressure for all
cylinders

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Pmax control

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Knock control

• Two different types of knock

measurements:
• electrical signal from piezo-element
accelerometers
• extracted knock frequencies from
cylinder pressure sensors

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Knock control

• Knock measurements without and with knock

• A Cylinder pressure curve
• B Signal supplied by the piezo-electric knock sensor

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Knock control

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Cylinder output balancing

• The cylinder output balancing is trying to keep the cylinderwise Pmax value within x bar of the engine Pmax average
value.
• The allowed deviation is load dependent and is divided into:
• “small cylinder balancing”
• “large cylinder balancing”

• Example of activating values:

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Exhaust gas balancing

• The CCM balances the engine with

help of exhaust gas temperature
while engine load is less than 70-75
% (adjustable limit).
• Balancing is done by equalizing
exhaust gas temperatures.
• Knock sensor as protection against
knocking.

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Adaptive light knock control

• On loads over 70-75 % the knock

control is enabled.
• The knock monitoring is activated
on the engine start.
• When knocking would get severe,
i.e. heavy knock, load reduction or
shutdown is performed.

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Transfer and fuel trip

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Transfer and fuel trip

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Transfer and fuel trip

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Transfer and fuel trip

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Transfer and fuel trip

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Transfer and fuel trip

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Transfer and fuel trip

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Transfer and fuel trip

• The percentage share between the

fuel demand output to the gas
admission valves and the diesel
actuator ramp from 0 % to 100 % or
vice versa.
• The transfer should happen in
below 2 minutes.

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AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Exhaust gas waste-gate control

• On gas engines the waste-gate is

used for control i.e. air/fuel ratio
control.

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Air by-pass valve control

• The air by-pass valve is used to

improve performance at low engine
speed/load.
• The by-pass valve is controlled
between open and closed
according to the charge air
pressure and the engine speed.

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Wastegate control

• The main purpose of the lambda/wastegate/air-fuel

ratio control is to regulate the amount of air fed into
the engine by controlling the charge air pressure.
• The control is based on a PID controller that
compares the measured charge air pressure with a
pressure reference.
• The charge air pressure reference is based on the
engine speed and load.
• This reference is compensated for receiver
temperature and can be compensated for air
humidity.
• The derived reference must be below a safety limit
that is set to the maximum charge air pressure
allowed for the engine.
• If no data of the engine's load is available from the
external system, an internal load estimation is used.

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Wastegate control

• Other optional purposes of the lambda/wastegate/air-fuel ratio control are the exhaust gas temperature, turbocharger speed and
cylinder pressure control.
• The regulation is done by controlling one or more wastegate valves and/or the air bypass valve.
• If any of the input signals fails, the wastegate control closes the wastegate.
• The engine's safety system handles all alarms caused by the sensor failures, high temperature or speed.
• When all inputs are restored to the wastegate control, normal operation continues.
• Notifications about the wastegate operation are displayed on the Log page of the local display unit (LDU).
• When the air wastegate opens, air is let out from the air receiver.
• This reduces the charge air pressure in the receiver.
• With the air wastegate it is also possible to control the exhaust gas temperature and air-fuel ratio based on the air inlet
temperature.

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 SAFETY SYSTEM

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

123 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Why ESM?
n Need for an independent “stand-alone” safety system
n Need to replace old, outdated systems
n Need for standardised solutions
n common HW and working principles for all engine
applications
n unified marine and power plant solutions
n Need for a compact, certified and classified solution
n Need for specific I/O’s and functions not available in
other systems

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jve0252
ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

ESM-20 replaces:
n ESM-10
n the Relay Module used in WECS 2000 and 7/8000
n the Overspeed Trip Module used on gas engines and Basic
systems
n SPEMOS/DESPEMES etc. used in old Basic systems
n Other non-Wärtsilä systems

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Slide 125

jve0252 Bytt plats på "ESM-20 replaces" sliden och "ESM main tasks".
Vesterlund, Jenny; 17.5.2010
jve0253
ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

ESM main tasks

n safety system for the engine
è standardised stop circuitry for all applications
è pre-defined settings
è standard interface to engine control system and external systems
n speed and temperature measuring with related functions

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Slide 126

jve0253 Kolla sista meningen, ännu samma mening???

Vesterlund, Jenny; 17.5.2010
 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

ESM-20 hardware
n Redundant design
n Based on microcontrollers and FPGA
n Completely based on solid state technology
n PhotoMOS relays used instead of mechanical relays
n Low control current
n Controls small analogue signals
n Low leakage current
n Stable on-resistance over lifetime
n Extremely long lifetime
n Small size
n No preferred position
n High vibration and shock resistance
n No bouncing and no switching noise

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

ESM-20 in numbers
n Power supply: 18 – 32 V DC
n Operating temp: -20°C to +85°C
n 57 indication LEDs on cover
n 12 digital inputs
n 29 digital outputs
n 4 frequency inputs
n 3 analogue inputs
n 9 analogue outputs
n 8 micro controllers (µC)
n 1 FPGA
n 4 switches

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

ESM hardware
n Power supply construction
n redundant supplies
n 3 internal electronic fuses

F1
Power bus #1 Power supply 1

F2
Power bus #2 Power supply 2

F3
Power supply 3

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

ESM hardware
n 5 x Philips microcontroller P89LPC935
n 2 x Cypress Controller 8-BitCY8C29466
n 1 x Lattice FPGA LC4512V-75TN176C
n 1 x Atmel microcontroller AT89C51CC03

Processors functionality:
1. Frequency 1 processor
2. Frequency 2 processor
3. Speed switch processor
4. Lubrication oil pressure processor
5. HT temperature processor
6. Digital input processor
7. FPGA (various logic)
8. Communication processor
9. TC processor

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

ESM hardware
n Galvanic isolation for analogue signals to external systems
n Galvanic isolation for speed switches, speed windows and
status outputs
n Wire break detection on all safety critical circuits
n engine shutdown 1-3
n external shutdown 1-4
n MCU shutdown
n solenoid outputs
n Sensor failure detection on all sensor inputs
n Primary shutdown indication
n indication by status output, local LED indication and CANopen

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

ESM hardware
n Shutdown pre-warning
n adjustable shutdown pre-warning delay 0 to 10 seconds
n no pre-warning on:
n overspeed shutdown 1 & 2
n external shutdown 4
n stop

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

ESM hardware
n CAN bus
n ESM-20 features one CAN bus with CANopen protocol
n Used for parametrization and diagnostics
n All parameters (except those related to CAN) can be
set via CANopen
n All status and failure signals available over CANopen
n Heartbeat functionality
n Built in 120Ω termination resistor (can be disconnected)

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module
ESM-20 functional layout

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Overspeed shutdown
n Two redundant speed sensor inputs
n Push-pull sensors
n NPN sensors
n VR sensors
n Overspeed trip limit adjustable:
n 100 -120 %
n Each input has own:
n power supply
n microcontroller
n overspeed trip circuit

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Lubricating oil pressure shutdown

n Physical range 0-10 bar
n Signal 4-20mA
n sensor failure limits: <3.0 mA and >21 mA

n Shutdown level configurable:

n 0.5 to 3.5 bar

n Accuracy of input
n ± 0,08 bar

n Blocking of L.O. shutdown at engine start

n blocking active 0 to 20 seconds after engine running information

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Lubricating oil pressure start blocking

n Start blocking level configurable:

n 0 to 2 bar
n Start blocking is active when sensor failure is detected
n Start blocking output is active when it is open (fail safe)

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

HT water temperature shutdown

n Two inputs for 3-wire Pt-100 temperature sensors
n Sensor failure detection
n failed sensor does not cause shutdown

n Shutdown levels independently configurable for both channels

n range 10 to 120°C

n Possible to disable channel B if not used

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

MCM shutdown input

n Input intended for the engine main controller
n Possible to configure for single or dual wire operation
n single wire operation
n no wire break detection possible
n 0V is used as signal reference
n typically used when Motorola MCM-700 is connected to this input

n dual wire operation

n selectable if input has wire break detection or not
n typically used together with UNIC MCM-10/11

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Engine shutdown inputs 1 – 3

n Inputs for equipment mounted on engine
n Individually configurable for “close to shutdown” or
“open to shutdown” operation
n When configured as “close to shutdown” the wire break
detection is active
n requires a resistor of 22 kΩ mounted over the switch
n if input is left unused it should be configured as “open to
shutdown” and a jumper is placed in the connector
n Typical usage
n Engine shutdown 1 for oil mist detector major alarm
n Engine shutdown 2 for actuator driver shutdown
n Engine shutdown 3 for BEB or HT pressure shutdown
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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

External shutdown inputs 1 – 3

n Inputs for external equipment mounted off engine
n Individually configurable for “close to shutdown” or
“open to shutdown” operation
n When configured as “close to shutdown” the wire break
detection is active
n requires a resistor of 22 kΩ mounted over the switch
n if input is left unused it should be configured as “open to
shutdown” and a jumper is placed in the connector
n Typical usage
n External shutdown 1 for general external shutdown
n External shutdown 2 for external governor major alarm
n External shutdown 3 for gear box L.O. pressure switch
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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

External shutdown input 4

n Input for emergency stop button
n Configurable for “close to shutdown”
or “open to shutdown” operation
n When configured as “close to shutdown” the wire break detection is
active
n requires 2 x 22 kΩ resistors
LCP ESM
Emergency stop Ext. shutdown 4
button

22 kΩ External
em. stops

22 kΩ

n Activates all stop solenoid outputs

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Stop 1
n Input for stop button
n Stop timer configurable 0 to 180 seconds

Stop 2
n Input for blowing/slow turning signal
n Non-latching
n Does not activate any status outputs

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Stop/shutdown override
n Input for stop/shutdown override command
n Disables all shutdowns except:
n overspeed shutdown 1&2
n external shutdown 4
n lubricating oil pressure shutdown, (depending on configuration)
n engine shutdown 1, (depending on configuration)

Reset
n Input for reset signal
n Resets shutdowns and the stop timer
n Disabled while engine speed is more than 2% of nominal speed

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Solenoid outputs 1-4

n High side drivers supplying 24 VDC, 1 A
n Failure detection
n wire break detection
n short circuit detection
n failure detections work in both on- and off-state
n failure detection can be disabled in case an output is not used
n Short circuit protection in solenoid driver stage

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Solenoid outputs 1-4

n Redundant design
n 1 and 3 are supplied by PS1
n 2 and 4 are supplied by PS2
n All stop solenoid outputs are configurable to be energised or
de-energised at shutdown
n Typical usage
n solenoid 1 - pneumatic stop solenoid 1
n solenoid 2 - pneumatic stop solenoid 2, (backup)
n solenoid 3 - actuator driver
n solenoid 4 – rigsaver / SWL control

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Stop/shutdown status outputs 1-2

n Potential free solid-state relay outputs
n 60 VDC, 0.3 A resistive load
n Stop/shutdown status 1
n can be configured as “closed at shutdown” or “open at shutdown”
n used for run/stop signal to speed governor
n Stop/shutdown status 2
n can be configured as de-clutching output
n used for generator breaker or de-clutching

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Status outputs
n Potential free solid-state relay outputs
n 60 VDC, 0.3 A resistive load
n Configurable for “open when active” or “closed when active”
operation, common setting for all status outputs
n Status outputs:
– Engine shutdown 1 – Shutdown indication
– Engine shutdown 2 – Stop/shutdown override
– Engine shutdown 3 – HT water temp. shutdown
– External shutdown 1 – L.O. pressure shutdown
– External shutdown 2 – Overspeed shutdown 1
– External shutdown 3 – Overspeed shutdown 2
– External shutdown 4 – Shutdown pre-warning
– Stop

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Speed switch 1-4

n Potential free solid-state relay outputs
n 60 VDC, 0.3 A resistive load
n Speed switch 1
n adjustable set point up to 50% of nominal engine speed
n set point for engine running information
n set point for shutdown blocking functions
n running hour counter output utilises same set point
n Speed switch 2 – 4
n adjustable set point up to 120% of nominal engine speed
n All speed switches have an adjustable on-delay setting 0 -10 seconds

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Speed window 1-2

n Potential free solid state relay outputs
n 60 VDC, 0.3 A resistive load
n Adjustable on-delay setting 0 -10 seconds before output is
activated
n Upper and lower limits of speed windows are adjustable from
0% to 120% of nominal engine speed
n If the low limit is higher than the high limit, the output has an
inverted function
n Typical usage
n e.g. clutch-in permission

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

ESM alarm
n Alarm output is active when open, (fail safe)
n Alarm output is activated by any failure indicated by ESM
n Re-trigs at new alarm
n Failures lasting for less than 2 seconds are not indicated as
alarm

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

ESM alarm
n Failures indicated by ESM
n power supply failure
n engine speed sensor failure
n lubricating oil pressure sensor failure
n Pt-100 sensor failure
n wire break on shutdown inputs
n wire break / short circuit on solenoid outputs
n speed differential failure

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Engine speed
n 2 x speed sensor inputs for engine speed
n The higher input frequency is converted to an analogue output
signal
n Engine speed 1 output is an isolated analogue output for external
systems (isolation is common with TC speed 1 outputs)
n Configurable as 4-20 mA or 0-10V
n Engine speed 2 output is a non-isolated analogue outputs for local
indication
n Output always 4-20 mA
n Common configurable output scaling for both outputs

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Turbo charger speed

n 2 x TC speed sensor inputs
n TC speed 1 A&B - isolated analogue outputs for external systems,
(isolation is common with engine speed 1 output)
n Configurable as 4-20 mA or 0-10V
n TC speed 2 A&B - non-isolated analogue outputs for local indication
n Output 4-20 mA
n Common configurable output scaling for both outputs

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

HT water temperature
n 2 x Pt-100 sensor inputs
n The higher temperature is converted to a 4-20 mA analogue signal
n Used for local indication of HT water temperature
n 0-160°C ó 4-20 mA

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 ESM-20 Engine Safety Module

Speed pulse output

n Potential free optocoupler output
n Max 36 V, 0.25 A resistive load
n Controlled by speed sensor 1

Running hour counter output

n High side driver supplying 24 VDC, 0.8 A
n Controlled by speed switch 1

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 MONITORING SYSTEM

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 LDU-20 Local Display Unit
Local display unit, marine installation

System components
n 01 Graphical display
n 02 Selector knob
n 03 Escape button
n 04 Alarm list button
n 05 Acknowledge button
n 06 Silence button

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 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Local display unit

System components
n 01 Main page button
n 02 Alarm list page & Log button
n 03 Escape button
n 04 Accept button
n 05 Rotary Knob
n 06 Dynamic function buttons

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 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Main Page

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 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Engine Parameter Overview - 1

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 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Engine Parameter Overview - 2

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 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Start Blocking

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 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Alarms

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 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

System Info

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 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Diesel System

166 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Lube Oil System

167 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Compressed Air System

168 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Cooling System

169 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Exhaust System

170 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Exhaust Temperature Deviation

171 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Exhaust Temperature Bar Graph

172 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Charge Air System

173 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Liner Temperature

174 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Main Bearing Temperature

175 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Big End Bearing Temperature

176 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Miscelanous

177 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Setup

178 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Software Download

179 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Software Download

Press “Download”

180 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Software Download

Select the Modules as the target for downloading by using Rotary Knob

181 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Software Download
View when there are no version differences and the downloaded
processes are successfully done

182 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 LDU-20 Local Display Unit

Taking Screenshots

183 © Wärtsilä Document ID: DBAB362686

 SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

242 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Engine speed measurement

• The purpose of this measurement in UNIC C3 is:

• As position feedback to provide accurate fuel injection and combustion timing
• As speed feedback to the internal speed controller
• As speed feedback in internal parameters tables
• For safety

• Both the speed and phase measurements are redundant.

• The speed signal pulse train contains a missing pulse, used for determining the Top Dead Center of cyl.
(A)1.
• The purpose of the phase measurement is to determine the compression phase for TDC of cyl. (A)1.

243 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Speed and phase signal connections on engine

• The engine speed is measured,

based on the signal from two speed
sensors. Both speed sensors are
connected directly to the main
control module (MCM-11).
• Two speed sensors are connected
to the ESM module, where the
safety monitoring is carried out.

244 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Speed and TDC measurement

• As UNIC must detect the accurate

engine angular position, one
missing hole is arranged in both
speed sensing hole-peripheries on
the flywheel.
• The speed sensors use separate
holes, but the holes are “in parallel”,
thus the phase difference between
the two signals is negligible.

245 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Speed and TDC measurement

• The sensing gap for these engine

speed sensors has to be 2,0 mm ±
0,5 mm.
• The signal is connected to all
cylinder control modules, as well as
to the main control module.

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SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Engine phase measurement

• Two phase sensors are provided of

redundancy reasons.
• These sensors are mounted at the
driving end of the camshaft of the
engine.

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SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Speed and phase signal traces

248 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Virtual speed and position calculation

• In special cases the signals from

the phase sensors can be used to
calculate the engine speed.
• The virtual flywheel algorithm is
used as backup so that engine
shutdown will not occur in case of
dual speed sensor failure in the
cylinder control module.

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SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Main controller/speed governor (MCM)

• Handles all strategic control

functions (such as start/stop
sequencing and speed control) of
the engine.

Speed controller
• The main task of the MCM module
is acting as the speed/load
controller for the engine.
• Two speed sensors are
simultaneously used by the
controller.

250 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Main controller/speed governor (MCM)

Speed control, general

• In the speed control algorithm the speed reference is compared with the measured engine speed.

Dynamics
• The PID-controller uses different sets of dynamic parameters for operation under different conditions, to
obtain optimal stability at all times.

Limiters
• Three fuel limiters are available:
• A start fuel limiter
• A charge air pressure limiter
• A load dependent fuel limiter

251 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Engine safety module (ESM)

Engine speed
• 2 x speed sensor inputs for engine speed.
• The higher input frequency is converted and used for speed
controller and to an analogue output signal.
• Engine speed 1 output is an isolated analogue output for
external systems, (isolation is common with TC speed 1
outputs).
• Engine speed 2 output is a non-isolated analogue outputs for
local indication.
• Output range set by trimming output value for nominal engine
speed.

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SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Engine safety module (ESM)

Speed switch 1- 4
• Potential free PhotoMOS outputs.
• Max. resistive load 110 VDC / 0,2 A.
• Speed switch 1
• Adjustable set point up to 50% of nominal engine speed.
• Set point for engine running information.
• Set point for shutdown blocking functions.
• Running hour counter output utilises same set point.

• Speed switch 2 – 4
• Adjustable set point up to 120% of nominal engine speed.
• Speed switch 4 has also on-delay setting 0, 2, 5 or 10 seconds.

253 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Engine safety module (ESM)

Speed window 1- 2
• Potential free PhotoMOS outputs.
• Max. resistive load 110 VDC / 0,2 A.
• 2 seconds delay before output is activated.
• Upper limit of speed window is adjustable up to 120% of nominal engine speed.
• Lower limit of speed window is adjustable up to ~2% below upper limit.

254 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

SPEED MEASURING SYSTEM

Engine safety module (ESM)

Overspeed shutdown
• Two redundant speed sensor inputs.
• Inductive type sensors.
• Magnetic type sensors.

• Overspeed trip limits are adjusted according to plant documents.

• Each input has own:
• Power supply.
• f/U conversion.
• Overspeed trip circuit.

255 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

 GENERATOR PROTECTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM

256 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

 GENERATOR PROTECTION SYSTEM - VAMP

318 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

• VAMP210 • VAMP50 overcurrent relay

• Generator protection - Aux transformer and
• VAMP265 feeder protection
• Differential protection - Replaced VAMP140
• VAMP260 • VAMP55
• Power monitoring – Busbar protecion
• Energy measuring – Replaced VAMP135
• Running hour calculation
• VAMP96
• Power monitoring
• ARC protection devices

© Wärtsilä
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Power monitoring unit VAMP 260

• In this circuit diagram the device

is connected to line to- line
voltages.
• The other possibility is to
connect the device to line-to
earth voltages.

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Power monitoring unit VAMP 260

• Direct measurements
• Currents: IL1, IL2, IL3, min, max, average
• Voltages: U12, U23, U31 or UL1, UL2 , UL3, min, max,
• Frequency
• Real time clock
• Calculated values
• Current: I0, I2/I1
• Voltage: U0, U2/U1, UL1, UL2 , UL3 or U12, U23, U31
• Power: P, Q, S, power factor, cos ? , tan ? , min, max, average
• Energy: E+, E? , Eq+, Eq-, total, trip, pulses
• Harmonics: U, I, THD, 2nd to 13th (15th)
• Transducer outputs
• Four mA outputs for any relevant signals
• Free scaling of the input value
• Free output range within 0 mA and 20 mA. E.g. 4 ..20, 0 .. 5,
• 10 .. 0, etc.
• Alarm outputs
• Any relevant function, 8 stages
• 50 latest events

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Power monitoring unit VAMP 260

• Output matrix
• For connecting alarm stages and digital input to output relays, to indication LEDs and to trig the
disturbance recorder.
• Average values
• Very versatile: averages from 1 s to several hours available from almost every measured and
calculated value.
• Total hour counter
• Calculates the cumulative active time of any selected digital input
• Running hour counter
• Week timers
• Eight individual timers
• I/O
• 5 output relays
• 6 digital inputs
• 5 indication LEDs
• Communication
• SPA, ModBus RTU, Modbus TCP, Profibus DP

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Power monitoring unit VAMP 260

• Disturbance recorder
• Disturbance recorder is useful when studying network and protection problems

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP210

• VEO-MSV is an optional
current injector device
for rotor earthfault
protection

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP210

• Voltage can be
measured at busbar
side and currents are
measured at LV side of
the unit transformer.

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP210

• Rear panel connectors

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP210

• The phasor diagrams are useful to check that current and voltages are connected
correctly

Current/voltage phases do not

Correct sequences match
Power measurement will fail

Incorrect polarity for IL2 and

incorrect phase sequence
Incorrect current sequence Incorrect voltage sequence Power measurement will fail
Power measurement will fail Power measurement will fail 46 I2> will trip (The phase sequence is
46 I2> will trip 27 U1< won’t work seemingly
correct.)
© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP210

• A case study of an Incorrect connection

88 kVa is incorrect! Should be

S = 159 A x 14328 V x √3 = 3950 kVA

100 % relative current unbalance!

Phase sequency of currents is wrong!

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP210

• A case study of an Incorrect connection
Correct clockwise order:
red
yellow
blue
Voltage sequency is correct: red yellow,
blue. (The phasors are rotating counter
clockwise.)
1) Current sequency is incorrect: red
blue, yellow (swap wires to inputs IL1
and IL3)
And ...
red 2) The phases do not match with
yellow voltages. All have incorrect polarity
blue (swap X1 1 with 2, 3 with 4 and 5
with 6 ).

Correct phasors (the dotted ones)

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP210

• List of protection stages
Overcurrent stage I> 50/51
Under excitation stage Q< 40
Overcurrent stage I>> 50/51
Reverse/under power stage P< 32
Voltage restrained/controlled
Reverse/under power stage P<< 32
overcurrent stage Iv> 51V
Under/overfrequency stage f>< 81
Current unbalance stage I2> 46
Under/overfrequency stage f><>< 81
Thermal overload stage T> 49
Underfrequency stage f< 81L
Sensitive earth-fault current stage I0> 51N
Underfrequency stage f<< 81L
Earth-fault current stage I0>> 50N/51N
Circuit breaker failure protection
Directional earth-fault current stage I0ϕ> 67N
Arc protection, short circuit
Directional earth-fault current stage I0j> 67N
Arc protection, earth-fault, input I01
Earth-fault current stage I0>>> 50N/51N
Arc protection, earth-fault, input I02
Earth-fault current stage I0>>>> 50N/51N
Residual voltage stage U0> 59N
Residual voltage stage U0>> 59N
Overvoltage stage U> 59
Overvoltage stage U>> 59
Positive sequence undervoltage stage U1<
Positive sequence undervoltage stage U1<<
© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP210

Protection functions 1
•Two under impedance stages Z< 21
•Two under reactance stages X< 40 (21)
•Four directional overcurrent stages IDIR> 67
•Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) df/dt 81R
•Overexcitation stage (volts/herz) Uf> 24
•100% stator earth fault stage U0f3< 64F3
•Three overvoltage stages U> 59
•Three undervoltage stages U< 27
•Third overcurrent stage I> 50/51
•Second directional earth fault stage I0ϕ>> 67N

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP210

Protection functions 2
•Two over or under frequency stages f>< 81H/L
•Two reverse & under power stages P< 32
•Eight programmable protection stages with definite delay

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

External I/O

• External Modbus I/O-modules: Pt100, mA in/out, slow DI/DO etc.

• Alarm limits for external analogue inputs:
Pt100 (temperature), mA transducer inputs (any measurement)

Twisted pair RS-485 interface, Modbus RTU protocol

RTD input RTD input

module module
(with (with
Modbus Modbus
protocol) protocol)

Pt-100 Pt-100
sensors sensors
© Wärtsilä 214
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

P-Q Diagram Inductive Load U I jLw

M
J
current of excitation P

I
P

u
i
P
i u
u
P i
N Q
M
Q
i u u
i

Q
© Wärtsilä
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

P-Q Diagram
load = resistive + inductive Xd I R + jLw
U

M
J
P
I
P

u
i
P
P i
u u
i
N Q
M
Q
i u u
i

Q
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

P-Q Diagram
load = resistive + inductive Xd I R + jLw
U

M
θ = internal rotor angle J
P
ϕ = load angle I
P

P u
i
P
ϕ<0 i
u u
θ i
N Q
M
Q
i u u
i

Q
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

P-Q Diagram
Load resistive Xd I
U R

M
θ = internal rotor angle J
P
ϕ = load angle I
P
P

u
i
P
ϕ=0 i
θ u u
i
N Q
M
Q
i u u
i

Q
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

P-Q Diagram Xd
load = resisitive + capacitive U I R - j/Cw

M
θ = internal rotor angle J
P
ϕ = load angle I
P
P

ϕ>0 u
i
P
i
θ u u
i
N Q
M
Q
i u u
i

Q
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

P-Q Diagram Xd
load = resisitive + capacitive U I R - j/Cw

M
θ = internal rotor angle J
P
ϕ = load angle I
P
P

ϕ>0 u
i
P
i
θ u u
i
N Q
M
Q
i u u
i

Q
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

P-Q Diagram Xd
load = resisitive + capacitive U I R - j/Cw

M
J
P
I
P

P
u
i
P
i u
u
i
N Q
M
Q
i u u
i

Q
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

P-Q Diagram Xd
load = resisitive + capacitive U I R - j/Cw

M
J
P
I
P

u
P i
P
i u
u
i
N Q
M
Q
i u u
i

Q
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

P-Q Diagram Xd
load = resisitive + capacitive U I R - j/Cw

u
i
P
P i
u u
i
N Q
M
Q
i u u
i

Q
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP265

Transformer Protected zone

or
generator/motor
or both
(and possible
including a
short cable)

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP265

• Available protection stages 1

Biased differential overcurrent stage ∆I> 87

Differential overcurrent stage ∆I>> 87
Two HV-side overcurrent stage I> 50/51
Two LV-side overcurrent stages I’> 50/51
Thermal overload stage T> 49
HV-side current unbalance stage I2> 46
LV-side current unbalance stage I’2> 46
Four earth-fault current stages I0> 50N/51N
Eight user’s defined protection stages
Circuit breaker failure protection

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP265

• Available protection stages 2

Arc protection, short circuit, HV side
Arc protection, short circuit, LV side
Arc protection, earth-fault, input 1
Arc protection, earth-fault, input 2
Other features
Output matrix, block matrix, object control, line
diagram mimic, programmable logic, CT supervisor,
CB wear function, disturbance recorder etc. features
are the same as in all 200-series relays.

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP265

The relay calculates the rated current for
HV and LV’ side using formula

SN
IN = √3 x UN I’N =
SN
√3 x U’N

UN = 110 kV
U’N = 21 kV
SN = 25 MVA

IN = 25 MVA/ (√3 x 110 kV) = 131.22 A

I’N = 25 MVA/ (√3 x 21 kV) = 687.32 A

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP265

• I0 compensation for differential stages

If there is a legal path to earth, then the I0 compensation must be activated

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP265

• I0 compensation for differential stages

If there is no legal path to earth, the I0 compensation must not be activated.

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Generator Protection Relay VAMP265

• Eight programmable protection stages

• Any measured or calculated signal can be compared against a given over limit or low limit
• Definite delay characteristics
• Application examples:
• Phasewise overcurrent stage IL1>
• Eight independent single phase overcurrent stages, each with its own input.
• Delayed start for any stage.
• Combinations using logic and timers: T> & DI1, I2> & I< & night shift, etc.
• Eight additional current unbalance protection stages

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION
Case study: Occasional 87 differential fault trip

Reason of this hard to find fault was finally found from I’L1 secondary wiring

Coating of the wire had beed

weared out and caused a
random short circuit.
231
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Software

VAMPSET – the latest is VAMPSET v2.2.88

Free software – can be downloaded at www.vamp.fi
Cable communication configuration:

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Software

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

233 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Software

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

234 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Software

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

235 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Software

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

236 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Application

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

237 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Application

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

238 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Application

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

239 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Application

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

240 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Application

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

241 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Application

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

242 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Application

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

243 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

Application

Generator Protection System – VAMP / Endang Kurniadi

244 © Wärtsilä 21-Nov-19
 GENERATOR CONTROL SYSTEM - UNITROL

463 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

EXCITATION THEORY

Application Overview Wärtsilä

• Genset specific speed load controller and AVR – with individual generator breaker synchroniser
• Generator specific protection
Q01 3
• Generator specific PLC supervising all controls MF Protection X V A

• Medium voltage switchgear and step-up transformer protection Supervision P1

3

A 4

• Complete plant supervised by WOIS 3

4

• Including HV substation P2
VAMP
3 2 2

4 2
210
V Generator

P1 1
UNIC Control 2

speed/load P2

controller UNITROL 1020

G1 VAMP
3~ 0
265
1
2

3
3

Engine fuel Differential

P2
actuation 3
4
Speed sensor(s)
Generator 3
4
voltage
excitation P1

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

What is an Excitation System ?

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Synchronous Machine

The Solid Pole Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Synchronous Machine

The Silent Pole Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Operation of the Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Operation of the Synchronous Machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Operation of the Synchronous Machine

The V-curves of the

synchronous machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Network

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

The Network

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Reactive Power Distribution

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Reactive Power Distribution

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Reactive Power Distribution

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Transient behavior of the synchronous machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Transient behavior of the synchronous machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Transient behavior of the synchronous machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Transient behavior of the synchronous machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Transient behavior of the synchronous machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Transient behavior of the synchronous machine

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Definition of Excitation Systems

• Duties of the Excitation System

ü Maintain the generator terminal voltage
ü Operate the synchronous machine within its operating limits
ü Prevent the synchronous machine from being in asynchronous mode
ü Fast response in case of network disturbances
ü Share reactive power with other synchronous machines connected in parallel
ü Stabilize power oscillations
ü High reliability

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Definition of Excitation Systems

Glossary and Definitions (IEEE STD. 421.2)

• Ifo No load field or excitation current
q Required field current to achieve 100% generator terminal voltage at rated speed
• Ifn Nominal field or excitation current
q Required field current to operate the synchronous machine at rated power
• Icl Ceiling field current
q Maximum field current that excitation system is able to supply from its terminals for a specific
time
• Ufo No load field voltage
q Required field voltage to obtain the no load field current considering the field resistance
• Ufn Nominal field voltage
q Required field voltage to obtain the rated field current considering the field resistance
• Ufcl Ceiling field voltage
q Required field voltage to obtain the ceiling field current
• KPl Excitation Ceiling factor
q Ceiling field voltage divided by no load field voltage Ufcl/Ufo
• δ Load angle
q Physical angle between rotor field and stator field

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Definition of Excitation Systems

•ϕ Phase angle
qElectrical angle between machine voltage and machine current
• Cos ϕ Power factor
qRatio of machine’s active power to apparent power
• Xd Machine synchronous reactance in direct axe
• Xq Machine synchronous reactance in quadrature axe
• Rs System nominal response
qThe rate of increase of the excitation system output voltage divided by the
nominal field voltage
• Tv Excitation system voltage response time
qThe time in second for the excitation voltage to attain 95% of the difference
between ceiling field voltage and nominal field voltage

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Configuration of Excitation Systems

Excitation Systems „State of the Art“

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Configuration of Excitation Systems

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Configuration of Excitation Systems

UNITROL AVR Single

Channel System with
integrated manual facility
for indirect Excitation
Systems

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Configuration of Excitation Systems

True-Dual Channel UNITROL

AVR with 2 x Automatic &
Manual modes for Indirect
Excitation Systems

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Configuration of Excitation Systems

Field flashing feature

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY

Configuration of Excitation Systems

Field Suppression Circuit (Discharge Circuit)

© Wärtsilä 11/21/2019
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY

AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Purpose:

• Control terminal voltage with suitable accuracy

• Keep machine within permissible operating range
• Ensure stable operation with network and / or
other machines
• Contribute to transient stability subsequent to a
fault.
E AVR

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY
EXCITATION CTRL PRINCIPLES
Shunt & boost supplied Aux winding or PMG supplied

AVR AVR

UN 1000 UN 1000

boost

SM E PMG SM E

Aux windings in gen. stator

All ABB-generators + All AvK, Converteam & Leroy Somer

Leroy Somer LSA58XL11&12 generators (excl. LSA58XL11&12)

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY
GEN. MAIN CONNECTION, ABB
Main connections to ABB- generators:
Excitation system
K3
OFF -Vdig UNITROL 1000
ON/OFF
+Vdig +Vdig
CONTROL
- V dig
ON K1
Sec. 2 Voltage Sensing U>

120 S-L1 L1
A a

B
121 S-L2 L2
b

T1 C c
122 S-L3 L3

140 P1 ~
a
-
141 P2 ~
b
+
142 P3 ~
c
Excitation Power Supply
Sec. 1

U1 V1 W1
Exciter Field Current
130 F+
F3+
Permanent excitation 24VDC, < 15A / 2s
F4-
131 F-
U2 V2 W2 IGBT
control

P2 S2 Current Sensing
150 CT1
87 17
CT1
T2
151 CT2
86 16
CT2
P1 S1

-
P2 P2 P2

S2

T3 SC exc. power supply (Boost) VO1

~
162 B1 ~
+ VO2 F+
161 B2 ~
- F-
160 B3 ~
S1
P1 P1 P1 Boost-

K2

283 © Wärtsilä 21
November 2019
© Wärtsilä
WFI-PPT, Joni
EXCITATION THEORY
GEN. MAIN CONNECTION, AvK (Cummins)

Excitation power connection principle is different than ABB due to only one VT secondary and there is
no boost CT’s on the generator. Notice that since 3-ph voltage measuring is done with V-connected
trafos, AVR setting = three_phase_gnd).
All AvK- and most LS-generators has special auxiliary windings for excitation power supply.

AvK DIG167

Auxiliary windings for

excitation power

No boost CT’s
on generator

NOTICE!
Check always that
generator PT & CT
secondaries are
earthed! It’s essential
for AVR measuring.

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
GEN. MAIN CONNECTION, AvK DIG167

AvK added grounding points for generator voltage- and current transformers:

AvK DIG167

Notice new three phase excitation power connection

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
GEN. MAIN CONNECTION, CONVERTEAM
•New generator supplier for Wärtsilä, not standard yet
•Converteam generators has pilot exciter PMG (permanent magnet generator) for excitation power
supply
•Models:
•D275 for W18V46 & 50DF
•B183 for W18V38
•B160 for W32/34SG (new)

PMG for excitation

power supply

No boost CT’s
on generator

Notice new aux. termination box arrangement

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
GEN. MAIN CONNECTION, Leroy Somer

• Excitation power
supply connection
principle is same
voltage
than AvK, with meas.
auxiliary coils

current
• EXCEPT meas.
LSA58XL11&12
(11/13,8kV- model)
Excitation
power
supply

Auxiliary windings for

excitation power
Exciter
field

No boost CT’s
on generator

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
MAIN CONNECTION (OLD LSA58XL11&12)

Connection principle for

LSA58XL11&12:
(11/13,8kV- model)
Voltage
• Similar to ABB- gen meas.
• Boost CT circuit has
additional rectifier
Excitation
⇒ REMOVE JUMPERS power
FROM ECL-10; more 5/1A meas. CT
info DAAB524714 Current
meas.
⇒ OLD DESIGN
Boost
circuit

Exciter
Boost CT’s field

Additional rectifier bridge

on generator
© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
MAIN CONNECTION LSA58XL11 LATEST DESIGN
Boost CT’s

New design with:

• boost CT’s
• auxiliary windings for AVR
excitation power
(not from PT’s as before)
è”hybrid” model, i.e. boost
CT’s are supporting aux.
windings at SC

Isolator CT’s

x/1A meas. CT

CT grounding
missing!

Voltage Current Boost Excitation Exciter

measuring measuring circuit power field
supply
© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY

UNITROL 1000 Product Family

UNITROL 1000-15

UNITROL 1000-PM40

UNITROL 1000-7

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY

UNITROL 1000 Product Family Next generation

UNITROL 1020 UNITROL 1010

UNITROL 1000-7
UNITROL 1000-15

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY

UNITROL 1000 Product Family

NEW NEW

UNITROL UNITROL UNITROL UNITROL UNITROL

1000-7 1000-15 1000-40 1010 1020

Excitation 7 A cont. 15 A cont. 40 A cont. 10 A cont. 20 A cont.

current 30 A ceiling 80 A ceiling 20A ceiling 40 A ceiling
14 A ceiling
Digital I/O 4 in, 4 in/out 4 in, 4 in/out 4 in, 4 in/out 4 in, 8 in/out 4 in, 8 in/out
Analogue I/O 2 in, 1 out 3 in, 2 out 3 in, 2 out 3 in, 2 out 3 in, 2 out

Local display No Yes Yes No Yes

I/O Extension No Yes Yes No Yes

Mounting Generator Control Control Generator Generator *

cabinet cabinet

* Without display

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY
UNITROL 1000-15 (UL-plate), MAIN COMPONENTS

1 Unitrol 1000-15 v.5 (G10)

1 4
2 Rectifiers/diode bridges (V01, V02)
3 Excitation current limiter (F02)
3
4 Aux relay for boost control (K02)
5 Wire terminals
2
6 Opto couplers for AI to DI conv. (U01-04)
7 Main contactor (K01)

2
8 Reset switch for OVR (S1)
10 9 Over voltage relay (F01)
10 Mounting plate
3BHE006720R6001
Standard plate for Wärtsilä from Jan. 2011
8 9
5
7
6 This mounting plate is designed for WÄRTSILÄ only

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY
UNITROL 1000-15, NEW UL PLATE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (1-Ch)

Ref. dwg: 3BHS116747_E32

New OVR with

latching function

OVR manual
reset button

Aux power supply

24-240VAC/DC

Actual current meas. wired

OVR alarm indication to plate terminals
© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY
UNITROL 1000-15, “OLD” PLATE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (1-Ch)

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY

UNITROL 1000-15, GENERAL INFO

Unitrol 1000-15 has been standard AVR for Wärtsilä Power

Plants from 2001.
-Fits for generators up to 50 MVA
-Excitation current max. 15A (continuous), 30A peak
-Second generation digital control using possibilities of digital
control. 20 MHz 16 bit CPU, vector voltage calculation 1 ms
and digital I/O updating 1ms
-High accuracy (for example Vref. 0.01%)
-More than 5000 units in operation
-Local display for reading actual data & setting parameters
-RS232-port for remote operation via CMT1000 comm. sw.
-RS485 port for reactive load sharing VDC (or CAN-bus)
-UL Recognition for AVR and now also for all plate
components (For USA, not 100% compatible for Canada)
-UL-plate has own ABB order number 3BHE006720R6001
-Wärtsilä internal UN1000 order numbers:
-PAAG007334 AVR UNITROL 1000 LOOSE
-ABBSW0001 AVR UNITROL 1000 SINGLE CHANNEL
-PAAE180301 AVR UNITROL 1000 DUAL CHANNEL

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY

UNITROL 1000-15, FUNCTIONS

Unitrol 1000-15 functions:

1) Standard operation modes: Voltage droop control, PF- control and
VDC- control. Manual control and open loop control are ONLY FOR
TESTING/COMMISSIONING, NOT NORMAL OPERATION
MODES!
2) 3 step over excitation (If) limiter, stator reactive load based under
excitation (Q,<) limiter, U/f over fluxing limiter and minimum stator
current limiter (Ie<), gen voltage min&max limiters(Um)
3) Two step configurable soft start function
=> Bumpless transfer between operating modes
4) Gen. diode monitoring (not in use)
4) Gen. CB Synchronizing control
5) Master-redundant AVR option
6) PSS (Power System Stabilizer) function (mainly for USA-projects)
Intends to compensate grid load oscillation
Mainly useful for high speed turbines with static excitation PSS INFO:
generators (>50MW)
Developed for Northern American projects where PSS is must
èNeeds site tuning and co-ordination with ABB/customer!
PSS Questionnaire document for PSS settings calc: PSS Questionnaire
Same doc in IDM: DBAB170331
© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
UNITROL 1000-15, 2-CHANNEL
MASTER-REDUNDANT AVR is OPTIONAL for projects where redundant AVR required
Main features:
automatic change over to Redundant-AVR, but
manual resetting back to Main.
⇒ MAIN AVR must detect the failure and
activate transfer

Monitoring conditions for change-over to redundant:

Potential Transformer Monitor (wire break, MCB trip)
Current Transformer Monitor (wire break)
Loss of Excitation (PWM high, but field current is low)
Loss of Control (control transistor short-circuit)
Loss of Auxiliary Supply (DC-supply lost)

Design considerations:
Generator should be equipped with:
• Own CT secondary's for both AVR’s current measuring
MAIN-AVR: REDUNDANT-AVR:
• Own VT secondary's + MCB’s for both AVR’s voltage measuring [SOFTSTART] [SOFTSTART]
Starting Level=25.0% Starting Level=25.0%
Hold Time=1.0s Hold Time=2.0s
Notice! Ramp Time=5.0s Ramp Time=8.0s
Master & Redundant AVR parameters are NOT identical! [DIGITAL I/O 3] [DIGITAL I/O 3]
Input=Standby Input=None
Polarity=Inverted Polarity=Normal
Main differences are listed here Output=System_OK Output=None
Direction=Out Direction=Out

[DIGITAL INPUT 5] [DIGITAL INPUT 5]

Input=None Input=Standby
Polarity=Normal Polarity=Normal
© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
VT’s
UNITROL 1000-15, 2-CHANNEL
•Generator measuring transformer
configuration for 2-channel AVR :

Own secondary's for both

Voltage Transformers AVR’s

CT’s

Current Transformer,
x/1A

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY

AVR OPERATION MODES

AVR operation modes are:

èPF- control (PF) parallel with grid only

èVoltage droop (Auto) island or parallel with grid
èVoltage droop compensation (VDC) island only

Operation mode is selected with DI’s:

GENERATOR CB CLOSED
&
PARALLEL WITH GRID PF_ ACTIVE

PF SELECTED

GENERATOR CB CLOSED
G1 G2
&
PARALLEL WITH GRID VDC_ ACTIVE

VDC SELECTED

GENERATOR CB CLOSED

&
PF ACTIVE DROOP_ACTIVE

≥1
VDC ACTIVE GENERATOR CB OPEN

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY

AVR OPERATION MODES

Operation mode is selected with DI’s, but with following internal interlocking:

This means that for ex. PF-mode will not activate before PWG & gen
CB status inputs are also ”1”

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY

PF CONTROL PF control
Power factor control is a method of controlling the generator excitation and
reactive load when the generator is running in parallel with the grid. When in pf
control, the AVR is trying to match the reactive load proportionally to the active
load so that the Q/P ratio is maintained. Normally the power factor is a very
steady parameter, but if there are rapid changes in the engine active load, this
may result in oscillation in the power factor meter as the AVR will try to match
the excitation with the varying active load.
From system point of view it is more important to aim at steady excitation level in
order to obtain constant reactive power output and steady system voltage.
PF set to AVR (remote reference) via PLC mA-output (internally converted to 2-
10V DC.

Ro
P/Sn

to
r
cu
rre
nt
1.0

lim
it
lim

it
nt Engine
rre
cu P=100% Overload
tor
Sta

ility
0.8

tab
es
rqu
To
Under 0.6
excitaion

0.4 ϕ

0.2
Minimum Short ciruict
excitation Q<limit If-limit
-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.6
0.0

0.4
Q/Sn
Reverse power

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY

VOLTAGE DROOP
• Voltage droop
• Voltage droop control has similar characteristics to speed droop control, but the parameters are
different. In voltage droop control the intention is to control the system voltage by means of controlling
the generator field excitation and the droop is derived from the reactive load. This means that if all
units are running in voltage droop control in an island system, the bus voltage will vary as a
function of reactive load. The changes in reactive load will be shared (proportionally) equally providing
that the droop settings are the same.
• Standard v-droop setting is (-)4%.

Definitions
U[kV] U/kV
= voltage reference
11.50

11.25
5% D
ROO
P
Un 11.00 Vqcc
Voltage deviation
10.75

10.50
Limited time
Generator reactive load operation
2
I t<37.5

Underexcitation
limiter

100 80 60 40 20 20 40 60 80 100
S[%] Generator 1 Generator 2 S[%]

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
VOLTAGE DROOP COMPENSATION (VDC)
• Voltage droop compensation control (VDC)
• In order to share equally the amount of reactive power between parallel connected generators in island
operation AVR has special feature called voltage droop compensation control. Units are connected
together with RS-485 bus. In VDC mode all AVR’s operate in voltage droop (with droop setting 0%).
Principle is that each AVR (with its own ID number) writes the value of its own amount of reactive power to
the RS-485 bus. Each unit reads these values and calculates a common average MVar setpoint, and
compensates the effect of voltage droop. Therefore, voltage level on the busbar is always kept at 100%
(not adjustable).
• Primary and Secondary Net:
• When operating in VDC mode, the network can be divided to smaller entities. Each generator can
operate in two pre-determined island grids, called Primary Net and Secondary Net.
• Secondary net is selected by means of a digital input. If this input is not active, primary net is selected.
Each net (island grid) shall have its own network number.

• Max cable lenght for plant’s total VDC-loop should be <300m, RS485 repeaters are available if
longer lenghts needed vdc principle
U[kV] n/rpm
= voltage reference
11.50

11.25 5% DR
OOP

Un 11.00

10.75

10.50

Reactive load
sharing error

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 20 40 60 80 100

Sact-Save[%] Sact-Save[%]

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY
VDC / PRI&SEC NET, SINGLE BUSTIE NOTICE! DI11 (remote setpoint) &
DI12 (sec. net selected) MUST
Primary/Secondary Net STANDARD configuration NOT be energised at same time!
•Plant have to be running in island-mode &VDC-ctrl enabled from WOIS:
•If NO BUSTIE BREAKER in the plant, ALL GENSETS ARE CONNETCED TO PRIMARY NET (ID:1)
•If BUSTIE BETWEEN EG-SET GROUPS, THEN
1) WHEN BUSTE IS CLOSED PRIMARY NET WILL BE ACTIVE
2) WHEN BUSTIE IS OPEN SECONDARY NET WILL BE ACTIVE
(I.E. FORCING EG-SETS TO TWO DIFFERENT GROUPS (ID:3& ID:5)
Default Sec Net setting for all AVR’s is two (2) => to be adjusted at site if VDC in use
BUSTIE

G1 G2 G3 G4

Bustie closed

Bustie open

AVR ID=1 AVR ID=2 AVR ID=3 AVR ID=4

NOTICE! AVR ID CAN NOT BE 1 (ONE) FOR ALL UNITS, IF VDC-LINES ARE CONNECTED!
AVR ID needs to be set for ex. according to EG-set numbering

WORKS ONLY WITH SINGLE BUSTIE CONFIGURATION

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY
VDC / PRI&SEC NET, with two bustie CB’s
Primary/Secondary Net Special configuration

•If BOTH BUSTIE BREAKERS (TIE1 & TIE2) are CLOSED:

•All AVR’s connected to PRIMARY NET (ID:1) REMEMBER:
•If TIE2 is OPEN and TIE1 is CLOSED:
PRIMARY NET is ACTIVE,
•AVR 1&2 to PRIMARY NET
•AVR 3 to SECONDARY NET (ID:7)
when Secondary Net input is
de-energized (and vice verse)
•If TIE1 is OPEN and TIE2 is CLOSED :
•AVR 1 to SECONDARY NET (ID:3)
•AVR 2&3 to PRIMARY NET
•If BOTH BUSTIE BREAKERS (TIE1 & TIE2) are OPEN:
•All AVR’s connected to SECONDARY NET (ID’s:3,5 & 7)

TIE 1 TIE 2

G1 G2 G3

AVR ID=1 AVR ID=2 AVR ID=3

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY

UNITROL 1000 v.4(5) MAIN DIFFERENCES TO v.3

All AVR’s since 2005 have been delivered with version 4.x hardware (and 2010 with
version 5.x).

Main differences to version 3.x:

•New communicating software CMT 1000 (before PCTools)
•Modified parameter list (ini- file)=> all current settings are percent (%) values, so ver. 3.x
parameter list can not be used (downloaded) directly.
•V.4 parameter file: Unitrol v.4 & v.3 parameters comparation
•Generator tech specs: Gen.Tech Specs for AMG1120
•Internal end-of-line resistors (jumpers) for VDC-lines

Hardware changes:
CAN-bus added for controlling local extension modules UNITROL 1000-40
→ Notice new connection principle in VDC- line design!
→ Cable chains ONLY from terminals 50 (+) & 51 (-) and 52 (shield)
Special caution with double AVR- projects

ALL PARAMERES CAN BE SET FROM LOCAL PANEL OR WITH CMT1000

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY

VDC WIRING v.3 (not used anymore)

Connection principle for version 3.x Unitrol

EIA-485 EIA-485 EIA-485

+ - + - + - + - + - + -
50 51 52 53 54 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 50 51 52 53 54 55

120 120

CABLE 1 SHIELD
TO GROUND (1 end
only) CABLE 2 SHIELD
TO GROUND (1 end
only)
CABLE 2
CABLE 1

DO NOT INSTALL ANY RELAYS IN THE LINES. USE PRIMARY

NET AND SECONDARY NET TO CONFIGURE BUSTIE
USE 120Ω TERMINATING RESISTORS FOR BOTH ENDS OF
VDC-LINE

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
BASIC THEORY

VDC WIRING v.4 & v.5

Connection principle for version 4.x & 5.x Unitrol

485 CAN 485 CAN

485 CAN
J2 ON

gnd
J2 OFF

gnd
J2 ON - + -

gnd
- + - + - + - +
+
50 51 52 53 54 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 50 51 52 53 54 55

CABLE 2

CABLE 1 SHIELD CABLE 2 SHIELD

TO GROUND (1 end TO GROUND (1 end
only) only)
CABLE 1

120Ω TERMINATING RESISTORS ARE INTERNAL IN v.4

UNITROL, MARKED AS J2 ON PICTURE. JUMPERS NEED TO
BE REMOVED FROM ALL AVR’S EXCEPT FIRST & LAST UNIT
OF THE CHAIN.

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY

VDC WIRING, V.3 & V.4(5) IN SAME LOOP

Example how to connect v.3 & v.4(5) Unitrols to same VDC-line
v.3 v.4/v.5 v.3

EIA-485 485 CAN EIA-485

J2 OFF

gnd
+ - + - + - + - + - + -
50 51 52 53 54 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 50 51 52 53 54 55

120 120

NOTICE!
If you install new v.4 AVR in the
middle of the VDC-chain, remember to
check that jumper J2 is removed

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY

VDC TERMINATING
Terminating resistors for VDC:
• Notice that as factory default this jumper J2 is
removed, i.e. terminating resistor is inactive. The
jumper must be connected when termination resistor is
needed, that is, first and last unit of the chain. For units
in the middle of the chain, jumpers must be removed (if
present).
• Notice also that jumpers for first and last unit can be
taken from CAN-bus, J4 due this is not used.
• If the VDC-loop is not used/wired at all, position of this
jumper is not relevant.

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
WHICH VERSION IS IT?
You can check AVR control sw. version (panel ver. is
not relevant) from parameter list printed with
CMT1000. This parameter file printout should be
found from generator test report, but easiest (and
100% proof) way to check actual control sw. version
is to switch AVR power supply on and check it:
• from display:
During AVR rebooting
• CMT 1000:
Click Help/About CMT1000

Now also AVR serial

LATEST UNITROL CTRL SW. VERSIONS ARE: number can be seen
from CMT1000
v.3: 3.204 (MUST BE AT LEAST 3.203)
v.4: 4.401 (MUST BE AT LEAST 4.221)
v.5: 5.010 new, bug fixed release

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
AVR’s special operation cases
§ Step-up trafo soft energising
• Normally step-up transformers are energised always from HV-side, but this function allows
plant black start to grid, since feeder CB closing from ”wrong side”, i.e. LV-side for big trafos
is not possible due to step-up trafo’s high inrush currect trips CB immediately
• Temorary CB interlocking changes needed, also generator CB closing to be allowed without
voltage supervision (gen CB to be closed during engine ramp-up)
• Minor changes to AVR settings, increased soft start hold time (from 1sec. to 10sec):
[SOFTSTART]
Starting Level=25.0%
Hold Time=10.0s
Ramp Time=5.0s

• If 10s delay is not

allowed for normal
start-up, then AVR
settings need to be
changed back to
original after soft
energising is done
(double settings isn’t
possible)

è See functional description: Trafo soft energising

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
COMM. SOFTWARE CMT1000
Latest software CMT 1000 v.5.001:
• Installation: Go to CMT1000/Installer/ and Run Setup.exe
• No need to install Visa- driver anymore
• USE CORRECT VERSION OF COMM. SOFTWARE WITH THE UNITROLS:
• PCTools v.3.001 for v. 3 Unitrol’s
• CMT 1000 v.4.400 for v.4 Unitrol’s
• CMT 1000 v.5.001 for v.5 Unitrol’s
• Both CMT1000 and PCTools can be installed to same PC + now also two versions of
CMT1000
• NOTICE! Use always latest CMT1000 versions with Unitrol ctrl sw. > 4.310
• New sw. features can not be seen with older CMT1000 4.1x
• if you download parameters saved with earlier sw. v 4.221 (for ex. replacing
broken AVR) to new 4.401 Unitrol, check/correct temp influence parameters!

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY

FUNCTIONS OF COMM. SOFTWARE CMT1000

•Parameter settings
•Parameter file loading to/from AVR
•Actual value measurements
•Status indications
•Synchronoscope
•Power chart
•Oscilloscope

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
TROUBLE SHOOTING WITH CMT1000
Use CMT 1000’s OSCILLOSCOPE program:
Select combined
Activate cursors here
Oscilloscope data: Limit to Channel 1
20 channels collected automatically
50 ms resolution
Cursor measurements
• First collect data: select
buffer length at least 50
sec.
• Start data collecting and
save file as waveform
• For investigating results
go to:
• Monitor -> Oscilloscope
• Go to File ->Open
waveform
• Notice! It’s essential to
send waveform data files +
parameter file for
troubleshooting/ support

Read cursor
values from here
© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
TROUBLE SHOOTING WITH CMT1000

Combined limit definitions

• For ex: combined limit value
is 24 => V/Hz (8) & SP Min
(16) Limiters are activated
• See more info from
Operator’s manual pages
61&62

Cursor values
are here

© Wärtsilä
EXCITATION THEORY
GENERATOR POWER MONITORING & PROTECTION

UNITROL 1000-15, v.5:

Ethernet connection via RS232 (Ctrl sw. ver. 5.010)
•MODBUS communication on RS232 interface port
•CMT and Panel Communication changed to MODBUS RTU
•External Ethernet Switch and MODBUS Gateway required
•New ctrl software and CMT1000 5 needed
•Attention: CMT and AVR are not backwards compatible to Release 4.400 or prior
•Priority for AVR status monitoring, NOT control!
•All new projects(+ spares) are delivered with v.5 (ctrl sw. 5.010) AVR’s since May 2010
•Due site feedback from first projects, panel sw. updated to 5.003 and new RS323 cables to be
used (“red” cables) for Modbus TCP communication
•W-P standard Ethernet signals: UN1000 Modbus list Ethernet
Switch

Gateway PLANT
PLC/
MODBUS RTU
Remote
MODBUS TCP
Control
RS232 Ethernet

•NOT FINAL SOLUTION =>NEW UNITROL 1020

CMT1000 5.0x
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Communication methods
Comm. method can be selected from CMT communication window:
• Ethernet comm. via gateway:
• requires individual IP address to all connected devices
• only specified Gateway models allowed due to fixed baud rate (57600bps), MOXA/Phoenix used
• needs NEW “red” RS232-cable

TCP/IP Gateway

MODBUS RTU
MODBUS TCP
RS232 Ethernet

• Direct communication from PC to AVR:

MODBUS RTU
NOTICE! New type of serial
communication cable to be used here
RS232 (hand shaking wires disconnected)

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CMT 1000 5.001
• Access levels: Offline Monitor Control
• Only one CMT can communicate with AVR at same
time
• No major changes compared to earlier version

AVR Comm. selection

(TCP/IP or serial)

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Next Generation UNITROL 1020

New HW Features
• Design based on UNITROL 1000-7
• Power input voltage to 300V ac max.
• Exciter current up to 20A (max. 40A)
• Remote access over integrated Ethernet controller
• USB for local connection of CMT (serial port removed)
• Power up via USB port in case of no power supply available
(easy parameters downloading for spare AVR’s)
• Removable local panel for accessing AVR settings &
measurements (stores also AVR settings)
• Additional 4 digital I/O’s
• Easy wiring due to removable connectors (spring loaded
terminals for control wires)
• Natural cooling with heat sink
• Max operating temp 70ºC
• Plastic housing, IP20 Compatible with
• UL / DNV certified existing hardware
• Wärtsilä mounting plate design with UL-components è same UN1000-15
footprint with exisiting UNITROL 1000-15 plate

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Next Generation UNITROL 1020
New SW Features

• MODBUS / TCP interface

• Up to 10 connections
• Up to 60 free configurable signals
• Event logger
• Storage of up to 500 events, 1 ms time resolution
• Data recorder for 12 signals
• Sample rate between 2 and 100 Samples/sec
• Recording time between 2 and 100 seconds
• Configurable Triggers
• Time synchronization with SNTP server
• USB interface, shows up on PC as standard COM port
• Prepared for integrated Web server
• Reactive load sharing with ring bus support è on
progress

Wärtsilä pilot scheduled at

Q1/2011, final release Q3/2011

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UNITROL 1020 Prototype

Heat sink

Local panel

USB-
connector

Ethernet
connector

Control
terminals
Power
terminals

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UNITROL 1020 Prototype + plate

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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HARDWIRE CONNECTION

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COMMUNICATION

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COMMUNICATION

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COMMUNICATION

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COMMUNICATION

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COMMUNICATION

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Operating Modes

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System Data

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System Data

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Setpoints (Reference values)

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Setpoints (Reference values)

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Setpoints (Reference values)

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Setpoints (Reference values)

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How to install CMT 1000

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How to get started

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How to get started

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How to use the CMT 1000 (PC Tool)

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The File window

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The File Menu

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The Monitor Menu

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The Setup Menu

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The Communication Menu

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The Tune Menu

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The Help Menu

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 ELECTRICAL DRAWING

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 READING ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS

688 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

READING ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS

Three Different Pointing Cases

• One number pointing to the same sheet (i.e. 3B)

• Number showing number of column
• (+ optionally letter = letter of row)

• Two numbers pointing to a different sheet (i.e. 24B)

• First number = number of sheet
• Second number = number of column
• (+ optionally letter = letter of row)

• Pointing to a different drawing number (i.e.18-92C)

• First two numbers = drawing number
• Numbers after dash = number of sheet and number of column
• (+ optionally letter = letter of row)

689 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

READING ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS

Same Page

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To Different Sheet

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To Different Sheet

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To Different Drawing Number

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To Different Drawing Number

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11-Pin Relay + Base (Kxx)

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Time ON- Delay Relay

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Time OFF- Delay Relay

697 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /

 Wärtsilä is a global leader in complete lifecycle power solutions for the
marine and energy markets. By emphasising technological innovation
and total effiency, Wärtsilä maximises the environmental and economic
performance of the vessels and power plants of its customers. Wärtsilä
is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Helsinki, Finland.

WÄRTSILÄ® is registered trademark.

Copyright © 2019 Wärtsilä Corporation.

www.wartsila.com

693 © Wärtsilä 12 June 2019 WGP-DFSTMCD001L a51 en /