PRESIDENCY UNIVERSITY, KOLKATA

DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY
Undergraduate (UG) Syllabi & Semester (Semester)-Wise Distribution

(Revised 2018 in accordance with Choice Based Credit System [CBCS] guidelines recommended by
the University Grants Commission [UGC])

AECC: Abilty Enhancement Compulsory Course (4 credits)

CC: Core Course (5+1= 6 credits)

DSE: Discipline-Specific Elective (5+1= 6 credits)

SEC: Skill Enhancement Course (4 credits)

GE: General Elective (6 credits)

SEMESTER I

HIST-C1

HISTORY OF INDIA –I (PRE-HISTORY – 300BCE)

UG-I, SEMESTER-I

Course Worth: 6 credits

1. Early Indian notions of History: History and Itihasa.

2. Sources and Tools of Historical Reconstruction: Classification and importance of the literary
and archaeological sources (stone tools, ceramics, coins, epigraphy etc.) for the historical
reconstruction.

3. Historical Interpretations: with special reference to gender, environment, technology and

regions.

4. Palaeolithic cultures, sites, sequences, materials, stone industries and other technological
developments: Baluchistan, Sind, North-western Frontier, Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan
Areas, Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Goa

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 and Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Tripura, Assam,
and Other North-eastern Areas, harkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Epi-Palaeolithic- Mesolithic
Transition.

5. The Mesolithic Evidence: Microliths in the Pleistocene Bracket, Early Holocene Adaptations,
Regional distribution of the Mesolithic sites, Excavated Early Mesolithic Sites with
Habitational Evidence; the Mesolithic Survivors (Continuity of Microliths Using Traditions),
Rock Art of the Mesolithic Period.

6. Problem of the Beginning of Food Production in India and the Evidence from Mehrgarh, the
Growth of Villages from Baluchistan to Western Uttar Pradesh.

7. Origin, Terminology and Chronology of the Harappan Civilization, Distribution and

Morphological Features of Mature Harappan Settlements, Aspects of the Harappan
Civilization: town planning, agrarian base, craft productions and internal and external trades,
social and political organizations, religious beliefs and practices, Harappan art, Decline of the
Harappan Urban Centres; Late Harappan Phase and Legacy of the Harappan Civilization.

8. Neolithic-Chalcolithic Cultures outside the Harappan Orbit, Terminology, Distribution and

Features; Beginning of Rice Cultivation in the Central Ganga Plain and Other Issues.

9. Vedic Corpus, Spread of settlements, Polity, Economy and Society, the So-Called Aryan
Problem; The Foundations of Early Historic India: Archaeological cultures beyond the Vedic
milieu: Ochre Coloured Pottery, Black- and Red Ware and Painted Grey Ware, Debates
Associated with Chronology and the Arrival of the Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW);
Transition from chiefdom to kingdom; The Ganasangha tradition, Emergence of the Sixteen
Mahajanapadas (Based on the Evidence of Buddhist, Jaina and Later Vedic Literatures),
Debates Pertaining to the so-called ‘Second Urbanization’; the Rise of Magadha.

10. Major Sources for the Historical Reconstruction of the Mauryan Period: Asokan Inscriptions;
Kautilya’s Arthasastra, Megasthenes’ Account (Indica);Major Archaeological Sites and
Assemesterblages Pertaining to the Mauryan Period; Nature and Structure of the Mauryan
Empire; Asoka’s Dhamma; Decline of the Mauryan Empire.

11. Philosophical and Religious Developments: Vedic religion- changing notion of gods and
goddesses; sacrificial practices; the Puranic tradition, Rise of new religious groups and

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 philosophical thoughts (the Emergence of Mahayana Buddhism, the Digambara-Svetambara
Concept in Jainism, the worship of the Yaksas, Yaksis, Nagas, Nagis; Emergence of
Vaisnava Doctrine, the Concept of Sakti, philosophy of the Ajivikas and Charvakas).

12. Structure of Economy and Patterns of Trade: Agrarian and Non-Agrarian economy,
categories of merchants and their networks, crafts, guilds etc.

13. Art and Architecture and forms of Patronage: Mauryan Art and Architecture.

14. Epigraphy and Numismatics: Inscriptions of Asoka (Major and Minor Rock Edicts and Pillar
Edicts); Broad characteristics and identification of Dynastic/Janapada coins: Punch-marked,
cast copper coins.

Essential Readings:
Agrawal, D.P. 1982. The Archaeology of India, London.
Agrawal, D.P. and J. S. Kharakwal 2003. Bronze and Iron Ages in South Asia, New Delhi.
Allchin, B. and F.R. Allchin 1968. The Birth of Indian Civilization, Harmondsworth.
_________________________1982. The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, Cambridge.
Altekar, A.S. 1949. State and Government in Ancient India, Banaras.
_________. 1972. State and Government in Ancient India, reprint of 3rd edition, Delhi.
Basham, A.L 1971. The Wonder that was India.
Bhattacharya, D.K. 1979. Old Stone Age Tools, Calcutta.
Brown, P. 1949. Indian Architecture,Volume I: Buddhist and Hindu Periods, Bombay.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K.1999. India: An Archaeological History (Palaeolithic Beginnings to Early
Historic Foundations), Delhi.
____________2006. The Oxford Companion to Indian Archaeology: The Archaeological
Foundations of Ancient India, Stone Age to AD 13th Century, Delhi.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. and Makkhan Lal (eds.) 2014. Ancient India Series, Prehistoric Roots,
Volume 1; Protohistoric Foundations, Volume 2; The Texts, Political History and
Administration (till c. 200 BC), Volume 3, New Delhi.
Chakravarti, Ranabir2013. Exploring Early India Up to c. AD 1300, New Delhi.
Chakravarti, Uma. 1997. The Social Dimensions of Early Buddhism.

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Chattopadhyaya, B. D. 2003. Studying Early India: Archaeology, Texts and Historical Issues,
New Delhi.
Dani, A.H.1986/1997 [reprint]. Indian Epigraphy, New Delhi.
Dhavalikar, M.K. .Masterpieces of Indian Terracottas, Bombay.
Erdosy, G. (ed.) 1997. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and
Ethnicity. 1st Indian Edition, Delhi.
Fairservis Jr. W. 1971. The Roots of Ancient India, London.
Ghosh, A. (ed.) 1989. An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology Volumes I and II, Delhi.
Ghoshal, U.N. 1930. The Agrarian System in Ancient India, Calcutta.
__________1965. Studies in Indian History and Culture, Bombay.
Gupta, P.L. 1969. Indian Coins, Delhi.
Habib, Irfan 1985. Interpreting Indian History, Shillong.
Hultzsch, E. 1925. CorpousInscriptionumIndicarum, Volume I, Inscriptions of Asoka, Oxford.
Huntington, Susan L. 1985. The Art of Ancient India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain, New York, Tokyo.
Kenoyer, J.M. 1998. Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, Karachi.
Lahiri, N. 1992. The Archaeology of Indian Trade Routes (up to c. 200 BC), New Delhi.
_______(ed.) 2000. The Decline and Fall of the Indus Civilization, Delhi.
________2015. Ashoka in Ancient India, New Delhi.
Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) 1962. The Classical Age (Volume 3 of The History and Culture of the
Indian People)Bombay.
Neumayer, E. 1983. Prehistoric Indian Rock Paintings,Delhi.
Pal, Pratapaditya (ed.) 2002. Indian Terracotta Sculpture: The Early Period, Mumbai.
Ray, N. R. 1975. Maurya and Post-Maurya Art: A Study in Social and Formal Contacts, New
Delhi.
Raychaudhuri, H. C.1997. Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit
to the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty, revised edition with a commentary by B.N. Mukherjee,
Delhi.
Rowland, B. 1967. The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain, 2nd edition,
Baltimore.

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Sahu, B. P. (ed.) 1997. Land System and Rural Society in Early India. Readings in Early Indian
History. B. D. Chattopadyaya (general editor), New Delhi.
Sahu, B. P. (ed.) 2006. Iron and Social Change in Early India, Delhi.
Saloman, Richard 1998. Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit,
Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages, New Delhi.
Saraswati,S.K. 1975. A Survey of Indian Sculpture, 2nd Edition, New Delhi.
Sharma, R. S .1983. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India.
________1995. Looking for the Aryans, Hyderabad.
________1995. Perspectives in Economic and Social History of Ancient India., 2nd revised
edition, Delhi.
_________2007. India’s Ancient Past, New Delhi.
Shastri, K.A. Nilkantha 1955/1975. A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall
of Vijayanagar, 4th edition, Madras.
__________. (ed) 1957. A Comprehensive History of India, volume 2 (the Mauryas and the
Satavahanas), Calcutta
Shastri, Ajay Mitra(ed) 1999.The Age of Satavahanas. Great Ages of Indian History,2 volumes,
New Delhi.
Singh, P. 1974. Neolithic Cultures of Western Asia, London.
Singh,Upinder 2008.A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From stone age to the
12thcentury,Delhi.
Sircar, D.C. 1957. Inscriptions of Asoka, Delhi.
________. 1965. Select Inscriptions Bearing on Indian History and Civilization, Calcutta.
________. 1965. Indian Epigraphy, Delhi.
________. 1967. Studies in the Society and Administration of Ancient and Medieval India,
Calcutta.
________. 1971. Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India, Delhi.
Thapar, Romila 1978. Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations, New Delhi.
__________1978. Exile and the Kingdom: Some Thoughts on the Ramayana, Bangalore.
__________1984. From Lineage to State: Social Formations in the Mid-First Millennium BC in
the Ganga Valley, New Delhi.

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__________(ed.) 1986. Situating Indian History, Delhi.
__________1987. The Mauryas Revisited, Calcutta.
__________(ed.) 1995. Recent Perspectives of Early Indian History, Mumbai.
__________1997. Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, revised edition, Delhi.
__________2000. Cultural Pasts: Essays in Early Indian History, New Delhi.
__________2000. History and Beyond, New Delhi.
__________2002. Early India (from the Origins to AD 1300), London.
Thapar, B.K. 1985. Recent Archaeological Discoveries of India.

Suggested Readings:
Agrawal, D.P. 2000. Ancient Metal Technology and Archaeology of South Asia, New Delhi.
Agrawal, D. P. and S. Kusumgar 1974. Prehistoric Chronology and Radio-Carbon Dating in
India, New Delhi.
Agrawal, V.S. 1963 (revised edition). India as Known to Panini, Varanasi.
Alam, M.S. and J.F. Salles (eds.) 2001. France-Bangladesh Joint Venture Excavations at
Mahasthangarh: First Interim Report 1993-1999, Dhaka.
Allchin, B., A. Goudie and K.T.M. Hedge 1978. The Prehistory and Palaeogeography of the
Great Indian Desert, London.
Allchin, F.R__________. (ed.) 1995. The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: the
Emergence of Cities and States, Cambridge.
Allchin, F.R. and Dilip K. Chakrabarti. A Sourcebook of Indian Archaeology, 3 Volumes, Delhi
Vol. I 1979, Vol. II 1997, Vol. III 2003.
Badam, G.L. 1979. Pleistocene Fauna of India, Pune.
Banerjee, N.R. 1965. The Iron Age in India, New Delhi.
Basa, K. and P. Mohanty (eds.) 2000. Archaeology of Orissa, 2 volumes, Delhi.
Biswas, A.K. 2001. Minerals and Metals in Pre-Modern India, New Delhi.
Boussac, Marie-Francoise and Jean-Francoise Salles 1995. Athens, Aden, Arikamedu: Essays on
the Interrelations Between India, Arabia and the Eastern Mediterranean, New Delhi.
Brooks R. and V.S. Wakankar, 1976. Stone Age Painting in India, New Haven.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. 1989. Theoretical Issues in Indian Archaeology, Delhi.

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_________1992. The Early Use of Iron in India, New Delhi.
__________1995. The Archaeology of Ancient Indian Cities, Delhi.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. and N. Lahiri 1996. Copper and Its Alloys in Ancient India, New Delhi.
Chakravarti, Ranabir (ed.) 2001. Trade in Early India, Delhi.
Cribb, J. 2003. The Origins of the Indian Coinage Tradition, South Asian Studies, Vol. 19, pp.
1-19.
Dales, G.F. and J.M. Kenoyer 1986. Excavations at Mohenjodaro, Pakistan: The Pottery,
Philadelphia.
Dani, A.H. 1960. Prehistory and Protohistory of Eastern India, Calcutta.
Dasgupta, P.C. 1964. The Excavations of Pandu-Rajar-Dhibi, Bulletin of the Directorate of
Archaeology, West Bengal 2.
De Terra, H. and T. Paterson 1939. Studies on the Ice Age in India and Associated Human
Cultures, Washington.
Dennell, R.W. 2009. The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia, New York.
Deo, S.B. and K. Paddayya (eds.) 1985. Recent Advances in Indian Archaeology, Pune.
Dhavalikar, M.K. 1988. The First Farmers of the Deccan, Pune.
________1999. Protohistory of India, Delhi.
Ghosh, A. 1973. The City in Early Historical India, Simla.
Ghosh, A., and D. P. Agarwal (eds.) 1973. Radio-Carbon and Indian Archaeology, Bombay.
Ghoshal, U.N. 1923. A History of Hindu Political Theories, Calcutta.
Gururaja Rao, B.K. 1972. Megalithic Culture in South India, Mysore.
Jarrige, Catherine et.al. 1995. Mehrgarh: Field Reports 1974-1985, from Neolithic Times to the
Indus Civilization, Karachi.
Kenoyer, J.M. 1989. Old Problems and New Perspectives in the Archaeology of South Asia,
Madison.
_______1991. Harappa Excavations 1986-90 (Meadow, R.H. ed.), pp. 29-60. Madison,
Wisconsin.
Krishnaswami, V.D. 1953. Progress in Prehistory. Ancient India 9: 53-79.
________1960. The Neolithic Pattern of India. Ancient India 16: 25-64.
Lal, B.B. 1997. The Earliest Civilization of South Asia: Rise, Maturity and Decline, New Delhi.

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Misra, V.N. and Peter Bellwood (eds.) 1985. Recent Advances in Indo-Pacific Prehistory, New
Delhi.
Mohapatra, G.C. 1962. The Stone Age Cultures of Orissa, Poona.
Pande, B.M. and B.D. Chattopadhyaya (eds.) 1987. Archaeology and History: Essays in
Memory of A. Ghosh, New Delhi.
Pant, P.C. 1982. Prehistoric Uttar Pradesh (A Study of Old Stone Age), New Delhi.
Possehl, G.L. 1993. Radiometric Dates for South Asian Archaeology(Compiled by G.L.
Possehl).
Ratnagar, S. 2001. Understanding Harappa: Civilization in the Greater Indus Valley, Delhi.
Ray, N. R. 1974. An Approach to Indian Art, Chandigarh.
Sahi M.D.N. 1979. ‘Iron at Ahar’. In, Agarwal D.P and Chakrabarti Dilip K. (eds.) Essays in
Indian Protohistory. B.R. Publishing Co., New Delhi. pp. 265-268.
Sankalia, H.D. 1974. Pre- and Protohistory of India and Pakistan, Pune.
Saraswati,S.K. 1962. Early Sculpture of Bengal, Calcutta.
Settar, S. and R. Korisettar (eds.) 2002. Indian Archaeology in Retrospect, Volume I and
Volume II, New Delhi.
Sharma, R. S. 2009. Rethinking India's Past, New Delhi.
Singh, Upinder 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to
the 12th Century, Delhi
Thapar, Romila 1978. Exile and the Kingdom: Some Thoughts on the Ramayana, Bangalore.
Turner, Paula J. 1989. Roman Coins from India, London.
Wheeler, R.E.M. 1959. Early India and Pakistan, London.

HIST-C2

SOCIAL FORMATIONS & CULTURAL PATTERNS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD

UG-I, SEMESTER-I

Course Worth: 6 credits

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1. Evolution of Humankind: Palaeolithic and Mesolithic cultures.

2. Beginning of Agriculture and animal husbandry.

3. Bronze Age Civilization: Concept of social formation, Origin of Complex Societies; the
Origins of Cultural Complexity in Ancient Egypt; the Evolution of Complex Societies in
Southwest Asia;

4. What is a Civilization? Comparing Civilizations, Civilizations and Their Neighbours;

Investigating the Origin of Mesopotamian Civilization; the Rediscovery of Ancient
Civilizations. Comparing Natural Settings of Mesopotamian, Egyptian.

5. Mesopotamian Civilization: Assyrians and Sumerians; Salt and silt in Ancient Mesopotamian
Agriculture; the Indus and Eastern Asia; Trade Mechanisms in Indus-Mesopotamian
Interrelations; The First Cities (3500 – 2000 BCE): Hassuna, Samara, Halaf, and Ubaid; the
Uruk period; the Early Dynastic Period; the Akkadian Empire; Imperial Ur; Cities in Syria,
Anatolia and Susiana; Economy, Social stratification, State Structure and Religion.

6. Egyptian Civilization: Ancient Egypt and ‘Black Africa’ – Early Contacts; Pre-dynastic
Egypt, the Archaic Period, the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, the New Kingdom,
Amarna and Akhenaten, Decline of Egypt; Economy, Social stratification, State Structure
and Religion.

7. Chinese Civilization: Early Cultivations in the North (Yangshao and Cishan) and the South
(Hemudu and Pengdoushan); Liangzhu jades; Neolithic Manchuria; the Longshan Phase,
Three Dyanasties: Xia, Shang, Zhou; the First Chinese Empire, the Han Empire; Economy,
Social Sstratification, State Structure and Religion.

8. The First Aegean Civilization: the Aegean Early Bronze Age (3200 – 2100 BCE), Minoan
Civilization (2100 – 1450 BCE), Crete and Its Neighbours; Mycenaean Greece (1600 – 1050
BCE); Economy, Social stratification, State Structure and Religion.

9. Nomadic Groups in Central and West Asia; Debate on the advent of iron and its implications.

10. Ancient Greece: Slavery, Slave society, Agrarian economy, Urbanization, Trade and Politics.

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11. Polis in ancient Greece: Origin, features, nature, class composition; Athens and Sparta;
decline of the polis.

12. Greek culture and Religion: Sophists, Socrates, Games, Drama, Art and Architecture, Greek
Gods, Notion of Hellenism

Essential Readings:
Aldred, Cyril 1984. The Egyptians, 2nd edition, London and New York.

Andrews, Carol. 1990. Egyptian Mummies, London.

Begley, V. and R. D. De Puma (eds.) 1992. Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade, Delhi.

Boardman, John 1978. Greek Sculpture: The Archaic Period, London.

___________1980. The Greek Overseas: the Early Colonies and Trade, 2nd edition, London.

___________1991. Greek Sculpture: The Classical Period, revised edition, London.

___________ (ed.) 1993. The Oxford History of Classical History, Oxford/ New York.

___________1995. Greek Sculpture: The Late Classical Period, London.

Braidwood, R. J. and B. Howe 1960. Prehistoric Investigations in Iraqi Kurdistan. Chicago.

Budge, Sir E.A. Wallis 1976. Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt, Chicago.

Burns, E.M. and P.L.Ralph. 1974. World Civilizations.

Bury, J.B. and Russell Meiggs 1975. A History of Greece, 4th edition, London.

Childe, V. Gordon 1936. Man Makes Himself, London.

_____________1942.What Happened in History. Harmondsworth.

____________1951. Social Evolution, New York

_____________1952. New Light on the Most Ancient East, New York, 1956, 2nd edition,
London.

Daniel, Glyn 1968. The First Civilizations: The Archaeology of Their Origins, London.

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Dinsmoor, W.B. 1975. The Architecture of Ancient Greece, 3rd edition, New York.

Edwards, I. E. S. 1985. The Pyramids of Egypt, Harmondsworth.

Fagan, Brian M. 1977. People of the Earth, UK.

____________1984. The Adventure of Archaeology, Washington D.C.

____________1992. The Rape of the Nile, 2nd edition, Providence, RI.

Grimal, Nicholas 1992. A History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford.

Gurney, O.R. 1961. The Hittites, 2nd edition. Harmondsworth.

Hawkes, Jaccquetta, 1973. The First Great Civilizations.

Kemp, Barry 1989. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization, London and New York.

King, Leonard W. 1968. A History of Sumer and Akkad, New York.

Lamberg-Karlovsky C. C. 1974. Trade Mechanisms in Indus-Mesopotamian Interrelations, in

Lamberg-Karlovsky C. C. and Jeremy A. Sabloff (eds.) The Rise and Fall of Civilizations:
Modern Archaeological Approaches to Ancient Cultures, Selected readings, Menlo Park,
California. pp. 302-313.

Lamberg-Karlovsky C. C.and Jeremy A. Sabloff 1995. Ancient Civilizations of the Near East
and Mesoamerica, 2nd edition, Prospect Heights, IL.

Lanciani, R. 1987. Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries, London.

Lipinski, E. (ed.) 1979. State and Temple Economy in the Ancient Near East, Leuven.

Liverani, M. (ed.) 1993. Akkad: the First World Empire, Padua.

Lloyd, Seton 1980. Foundations in the Dust: The Story of Mesopotamian Exploration, revised
edition, London.

__________1978. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Old Stone Age to the Persian
Conquest, London.

Mellaart, J. 1965. Earliest Civilizations of the Near East, London.

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Oates, Joan 1986. Babylon, London.

O’Connor David 1990. A Short History of Ancient Egypt, Pittsburgh.

Pollitt, J. J. 1986. Art in the Hellenistic Age, Cambridge.

Possehl, G.L. 2003. The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, New Delhi.

Redman, Charles 1978. The Rise of Civilization: From Early Farmers to Urban Society in the
Ancient Near East, San Francisco.

Renfrew, Colin 1972. The Emergence of Civilization: the Cyclades and the Aegean in the Third
Millennium BC, London.

___________1972. The Emergence of Civilization, London.

Roaf, Michael 1990. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and Ancient Near East, New York.

Roux, Georges 1992. Ancient Iraq, 3rd edition, London.

Rowlands, Michael, Mogens Larsen and Kristian Kristiansen (eds.) 1987. Centre and Periphery
in Ancient World, Cambridge.

Saggs, H.W.F. 1968. The Greatness that was Babylon.

Scarre Christopher and Brian M. Fagan 1997. Ancient Civilizations, New York.

Service, Elman R. 1975. Origins of the State and Civilization, New York.

Starr, Chester G. 1973. Early Man: Prehistory and the Civilizations of the Ancient Near East,
New York.

Trigger, Bruce G. 1993. Early Civilizations: Ancient Egypt in Context, Cairo.

UNESCO Series: History of Mankind, Vols. I-III/or New Edition, History of Humanity.

Wacher, John (ed.) 1987. The Roman World, 2 Volumes, London.

Wenke, Robert J. 1980. Patterns in Prehistory: Mankind’s First Three Million Years, New York.

Wheeler, R.E.M. 1954. Rome Beyond the Imperial Frontiers, London.

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Yoffee, Norman and George Cowgill (eds.) 1988. The Collapse of Ancient States and
Civilizations, Tucson.

Suggested Readings:

Adams, Robert McC. 1966. Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico: The Evolution of
Urban Society, Chicago.

_________________.1981. Heartland of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on

the Central Floodplain of the Euphrates, Chicago.

Aldred, Cyril 1991. Akhenaten: King of Egypt, New York

Algaze, Guillermo 1993. The Uruk World System: The Dynamics of Expansion of Early
Mesopotamian Civilization, Chicago.

Biers, William R. 1996. The Archaeology of Greece: An Introduction, 2nd edition, Ithaca, N.Y.

Budge, Sir E.A. Wallis 1972. The Dwellers on the Nile, New York.

Chadwick, John 1976. The Mycenaean World, Cambridge.

Chen, Shen 1994. Early Urbanization in the Eastern Zhou in China (770-221 BC): An
Archaeological View. Antiquity 68: 724-744.

Cimino, R. M. 1994. Ancient Rome and India, Delhi and Rome.

Clark, G. 1977. World Prehistory: A New Perspective, Cambridge.

Cornell, T.J. and J. Matthews 1982. Atlas of the Roman World, Oxford.

Coulston, J. and H. Dodge (eds.) 2000. Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City,
School of Archaeology, Monograph 54. Oxford.

Curtis, John (ed.) 1993. Early Mesopotamia and Iran: Contact and Conflict 3500-1600 BC,
London.

Davidson, Basil 1971. African Kingdoms, New York.

Dickinson, Oliver 1994. The Aegean Bronze Age, Cambridge.

Drews, Robert 1993. The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca.
1200 BC., Princeton.

Etienne, R and F. Etienne 1992. The Search for Ancient Greece, London.

Fairservis, W.A. 1956. Excavations in the Quetta Valley, West Pakistan, New York.

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Finley, M.I. 1973. The Ancient Economy, California.

Frankfort, Henri 1956. The Birth of Civilization in the Near East, Garden City. NY.

Fried, Morton H. 1967. The Evolution of Political Society, New York.

Hoffman, Michael A. 1979. Egypt Before the Pharaohs, New York.

Hood, Sinclair 1978. The Arts of Prehistoric Greece, Harmondsworth.

Hooker, J.T. 1990. Reading the Past: Ancient Writing from Cuneiform to the Alphabet, London.

Huntington, E. 1945. Mainsprings of Civilization, New York.

Jacobson, Thorkild and Robert M. Adams 1974. Salt and Silt in Ancient Mesopotamian
Agriculture. In, Lamberg-Karlovsky C. C. and Jeremy A. Sabloff (eds.), The Rise and Fall of
Civilizations: Modern Archaeological Approaches to Ancient Cultures, Selected Readings,
Menlo Park, California. Pp. 282- 294.

Kramer, Samuel Noel 1963. The Sumerians: Their History, Character and Culture, Chicago.

Maisels, Charles 1990. The Emergence of Civilization, London.

____________1993. The Near East: Archaeology in the Cradle of Civilization, London.

Pallottino, Massimo 1978. The Etruscans, Harmondsworth.

Pfeiffer, John E. 1977. The Emergence of Society, New York.

Randsborg, Klaus 1991. The First Millennium A.D. in Europe and the Mediterranean,
Cambridge.

Ratnagar, S. 2001. Understanding Harappa: Civilization in the Greater Indus Valley, Delhi.

Redford, Donald B. 1984. Akhenaten: The Heretic King, Princeton, NJ.

Rundleclark, R. T. 1959. Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt, London and New York.

Sabloff, J. and C.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky (eds.) 1975. Ancient Civilization and Trade,
Albuquerque.

Spivey, Nigel and Simon Stoddart 1990. Etruscan Italy: An Archaeological History, London.

Steward, Julian ed. 1955. Irrigation Civilizations: A Comparative Study, Washington DC.

Strong, Donald 1988. Roman Art, revised by Roger Ling, Harmondsworth.

Ucko, P.J., R. Tringham and G. W. Dimbleby eds. 1972. Man, Settlement and Urbanism,
London.

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Wace, Alan 1949. Mycenae: An Archaeological History and Guide, Princeton, NJ.

Ward-Perkins, J.B. 1991. Roman Imperial Architecture, Harmondsworth.

Warren, Peter 1989. The Aegean Civilizations, 2nd edition, Oxford.

Warren, Peter and Vronwy Hankey (eds.) 1989. Aegean Bronze Age Chronology, Bristol.

Wenke, Robert J. 1991. The Evolution of Early Egyptian Civilization: Issues and Evidence.
Journal of World Prehistory 5: 279-329.

Woods, Michael 1985. In Search of the Trojan War, London.

Woolley, Sir Leonard 1965. Excavations at Ur, New York.

HIST-GE1

UNDERSTANDING EARLY SOUTH ASIAN CULTURES

UG-I, SEMESTER-I

Course Worth: 6 credits

Course description:

The aim of this course is to familiarise non-history students with a nuanced understanding of
ancient South Asian cultural traditions often obfuscated by ahistoric and presentist presumptions.
This course intends to blur the artificial boundary between indology, philosophy, archaeology
and art history. It invites undergraduate students across all disciplines to engage with the ancient
Indian past in interesting ways. The exact course content may change from Semester to Semester,
depending on the availability and academic interest of the course instructor(s). The themes and
the units to be taught by specific course instructors are given below. The units provide an
overview, explanatory and analytic content, as well as nuanced insights into the dynamics of
ancient South Asian history and historiography. The course also provides bibliographic readings
related to each unit

Unit I: Religious Traditions

Tradition overrides almost every aspect of life in India. Religious traditions and cultural norms
and political functioning are intertwined in such a manner that it is difficult to disentangle them.

15
So it is only natural that any serious attempt to understand the early Indian society and polity
should entail a study of its religious traditions. That is what this module is dedicated to doing. It
promises to provide a comprehensive understanding of the genesis of the major religious
traditions of early India and how they continue to impact our contemporary society.

Unit II: Hinduism: The Use and Abuse of Early South Asian Cultural and Political History

In this section we will begin with an overview of the chronological structure of the dynastic
history of ancient India from later Vedic times to the fall of the Gupta Empire. We will consider
the influence of geographical factors, regional shifts and other social issues. Then we will
examinationine some aspects of ancient Indian society and politics, which remain relevant even
at present owing to their role in the identity formation of the Indian people.

Sub-Units:

The Aryan Debate

Understanding soverignties and regional political-cultural traditions

Re-visiting the ‘myth’ of the Gupta ‘golden age’.

Unit III: Narrative Traditions: This unit will introduce the students to a variety of oral and
literary narrative texts and traditions, and highlight the complex interconnection between oral,
literary, religious, poetic, historical and imaginative narrative traditions. It will include new
modalities and analytic perspectives on readings and re-invocations of epic threads (the
Ramayana and the Mahaharata), and consider how these impact, and have relevance for
understanding specific strands of contemporary Indian cultures, politcs and everyday life.

Unit: IV: Heritage and History: Flows, Continuities and Contemporary Relevance

This unit will explore avenues for understanding the ways in which tangible heritages in the form
of monuments and objects, as well as intangible heritages of the mind travel (have travelled)
across time and space. This theme is analysed with a view to seeing how heritage is selectively
appropriated, memorialised, used, legitimised and valorised in tandem with shifting political and
cultural matrices and patterns of quotidian life. It will also focus on ‘cultural artifacts’, as well as
representations in art forms (paintings) which are an integral part of understanding the dynamics
of historical heritages, objects, and sacred-secular architectural creations. A cultural artifact is

16
any artifact or item that sheds light on the way a particular [historical] society lived, thought or
otherwise expressed itself. The unit will focus on (1) genealogies of cultural artifacts, including
the political, social and cultural milieu in which they came to be crafted; (2) intersections
between the sacred and the secular reflected in such artifacts; and (3) their legacies for
contemporary India.

Sub-themes:

Sculpture: Mauryas, Sungas, the Gandhara and Mathura schools

Early Indian Temples: Historical evolution, types and accomplishment under the Guptas

Art in Ancient India: Sacred and Secular Portrayals

Essential Readings:

Romila Thapar, Early India (New Delhi: Penguin & Allen Lane, 2002)

Upinder Singh, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India (New Delhi: Pearson, 2007)

Romila Thapar, Talking History: The Ramayana and the Mahaharata (Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 2018)

A.L. Basham, The Wonder That Was India (Volume 1) (London, 1954)

John Brockington, “The Sanskrit Epics”, in Gavin Flood (ed.), Blackwell Companion to
Hinduism (Oxford:Blackwell Publishing, 2003)

Thomas Trautmann, Aryans and British India (Delhi: Oxford University Press, India, 2005)

R.C.Majumdar (ed.), The Vedic Age (Bombay: Bharatiya Vidyabhavan, 1996)

D.N. Jha, Ancient India in Historical Outline (Delhi: Manohar, 2000)

Vinay Lal, The History of History (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003)

Julius Lipner, Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (Library of Religious Beliefs and
Practices) (Routledge, London and New York, 2010)

17
Gavin Flood, An Introduction to Hinduism (Camridge University Press, 2004)

G. D. Sontheimer, “Hinduism: The Five Components and Their Interactions”, in G. D.

Sontheimer and H. Kulke eds., Hinduism Reconsidered (Delhi, Manohar, 2001), pp. 305-324

Hirakawa, Akira (translated and edited by Paul Groner), A History of Indian Buddhism: From
Sakyamuni to Nagarjuna (Asian studies at Hawaii) (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990)

Burnouf, Eugene, Introduction to the History of Indian Buddhism (University of Chicago Press,
2015)

Cort, John E., Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History (SUNY
Series in Hindu Studies) (State University of New York Press, 1998)

Bimal Matilal, “Krishna: In Defence of a Devious Divinity” in The Collected Essays of B K

Matilal: Ethics and Epics, (ed.) Jonardan Ganeri (Delhi, 2002), pp. 91-108

Robert P. Goldman and Sally J. Sutherland Goldman, “Ramayana”, in Sushil Mittal et al, The
Hindu World (London: Routlege, 2014), 75-95

K. Ramanujan, “Three Hundred Ramayanas: Five Examinationples and Three thoughts on

Translation” In Paula Richman ed., Many Ramayanas: The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in
South Asia, (Delhi, 1992), 22-49.

Shledon Pollock, “Ramayana and Political Imagination in India”, Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.
52, No.2, 1993: 261-297

James R Fritzgerald, “Mahabharata”, in Sushil Mittal et al, The Hindu World (London: Routlege,
2014), 52-75

Velchuri N. Rao, “Purana”, in Sushil Mittal et al, The Hindu World (London: Routledge, 2014),
97-117.

David Shulman, “Poets and Patrons in Tamil Literary Legend” in The Wisdom of the Poets:
Studies in Tamil Telegu and Sanskrit, (Delhi, 2001), 63-102.

Susan L. Huntington, The Art of Ancient India (Weatherhill, 1985)

D. Lowenthal , The Past is a Foreign Country (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985)

18
Anne Eriksen, From Antiquities to Heritage: Transformations of Cultural Memory (Berghahn
Books: 2016)

E. B. Havell, Indian Architecture (London, 1913) Chapter 1

Peter Harvey, “The Symbolism of the Early Stūpa”, Journal of the International Association of
Buddhist Studies, Volume: 7 (2), 67-94 (1984)

Percy Brown, Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Periods), D. B. Taraporevals Sons & Co.
Private Ltd., Bombay, 1959. Chapters 8, 9 13, 19 and 21

Karl Khandalavala, Indian Sculpture and Painting: An Introductory Study (D. B. Taraporevala
Sons and Co., Bombay, 1938)

Stella Kramrisch, The Hindu Temples (University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 1946)

James Fergusson, The Rock Cut Temples of India (John Murray: London, 1864)

Pramod Chandra, Studies in Indian Temple Architecture (American Institute of Indian Studies,
New Delhi, 1975)

Krishna Deva, Temples of North India (National Book Trust, New Delhi, 1969)

George Michell, The New Cambridge History of India, I:6- Architecture and Art of Southern
India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008)

Suggested Readings

A.K. Ramanujan, Speaking of Shiva (Harmondsworth, 1973), Introduction

Sanjeev Sanyal, Land of the Seven Rivers (Delhi: Penguin, 2012)

Rajesh Kochhar, The Vedic People (Hyderabad: Orient Longman, 2000)

David N. Lorenz, “Who Invented Hinduism?” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1999,
pp. 630-59.

A.K. Ramanujan, Hymns for the Drowning (Delhi, Penguin, 1993), pp. 4-6, 22-27, 54-57.

19
Laurie L. Patton, “Veda and Upanishad”, in Sushil Mittal et al, The Hindu World (London:
Routlege, 2014), 37-52

Iravati Karve, Yuganta: The End of an Epoch (Hyderabad, Disha Books, 1974)

Uma Chakravarty, “The World of Bhaktins in South Indian Tradition – The Body and Beyond”
Manushi, 50-2, 1982, pp. 18-29. Reprinted in Kumkum Roy (ed.), Women in Early Indian
Societies (Delhi: Manohar, 1999) pp. 299-321

A.K. Ramanujan, Folk Tales from India: A Selection of Oral Tales from 22 Languages (New
York, 1991), Introduction pp. xiii-xxxii

Romila Thapar, Shakuntala: Text, Readings Histories (Delhi: Kali for Women, 1999).

Subhas Kak, ‘Early Indian Architecture and Art’, in Migration & Diffusion, Vol. 6/No. 23, 2005,
pp. 6-27.

Rajesh Singh, An Introduction to the Ajanta Caves with Examinationples of Six Caves (Hari Sena
Press Private Limited, Vadodara, 2012)

Scialpi, Glimpses of Indian History and Art: Reflections on the Past, Perspectives for the Future,
(Sapienza Universita Editrice, Roma, 2012), pp. 101-125.

Mulk Raj Anand and Stella Kramrisch, Homage to Khajuraho, Marg Publications, Bombay,
1962)

Dundas, Paul, The Jains, Second Edition (Routledge, 2002)

Flugel, Peter, Studies in Jaina History and Culture: Disputes and Dialogues, First Edition,
(Routledge, 2006)

Peter Harvey, An Introduction to Buddhism: Teaching, History and Practices (Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press 1991)

Uma Chakravarti,“The Social Philosophy of Buddhism and the Problem of Inequality” Social
Compass, 33(2-3) 1986, pp. 199-221.

20
AECC (English Communication/ Modern Indian Language/ Environmental Science): 4
Credits, courses to be developed/ offered centrally

SEMESTER II
HIST C3

HISTORY OF INDIA –II (300BCE-750CE)

UG-I, SEMESTER-II

Course Worth: 6 credits

1. Political History of the Subcontinent during c. 300BCE-300CE: Political situation (North

India and South India) - Nature of Polity Kushana and Satavahana. Archaeological
Evidences and settlement patterns; State and Society.
History of the other dynasties including the Sungas, the Indo-Greeks, the Saka-Pahlavas
or Scyotho-Parthians, Ksatrapas, Cheras, , the Cholas, the Pandyas etc.
2. Emergence of the Gupta empire, Dynastic history of the Guptas; the nature of the polities
of the Gupta empire and its contemporaries including the Vaktakas of the Deccan, other
dynasties of the Peninsular India,; A brief overview of the administrative structure of the
Gupta and Vakataka Kingdoms;
Regional polities of the post-Gupta phase- the Pallavas, Chalukyas, and Vardhanas;
Notion of Classical age and threshold times.
3. Agrarian Expansion: Land Grants (Land measures and land tenure based on the
epigraphic sources), Agrahara system, changing production relations, revenue resources
of the States, land ownership, types of lands, graded land rights and peasantry.
4. The debates associated with so-called Urban Decay: patterns of trade, currency, and
urban settlements, craft production, traders and trading networks : Internal and External
(with special reference to linkage with the Roman Empire and Southeast Asian
countries), Guilds.
5. Social formations: Varna –Jati (Caste systems), with introduction to relevant sources and
(based on the literary and epigraphic sources).
6. Consolidation of the Brahmanical tradition: Dharma, Purusharthas, Samskaras.

21
 7. Philosophical and Religious Developments: The evolution of Vaisnava doctrine, Saivism,
the cult of the Great Goddesses, Buddhism, Jainism, the beginning of Tantricism.
8. A brief survey of the Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit and Tamil literatures, Scientific and technical
treatise.
9. Broad survey of Stylistic development of art and Architecture and forms of Patronage:
Early Brahmanical Temples; Buddhist stupas, Monasteries and Relief Sculptures; Early
Indian Narrative Art; The Canonical Classification of the Temple Architecture: Nagara,
Dravida and Vesara and other regional specifications.
10. Epigraphy and Numismatics: Study of some significant Inscriptions from North and
South India of the Post-Mauryan period: Hathigumpha Inscription of Kharavela,
Besnagar Inscription of Heliodorus, Junagarh Inscription of Rudradaman I, Nasik Cave
Inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, Allahabad Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta,
Aihole Inscription of Pulakesin II, Banskhera Inscription of Harshavardhana etc.; A brief
over view of the coins of the Indo-Greek, Saka, Satavahana, Kusana etc; Coins of the
Gupta and post- Gupta periods in North and South India.

Essential Readings:
Altekar, A.S. 1957. Coinage of the Gupta Empire, Varanasi.
Asher, F.M. 1980.The Art of Eastern India, 300-800, Minneapolis.
Bakker, Hans 1997. The Vakatakas: A Study in Hindu Iconology, Groningen
Banerjea, J. N. 1956/ 1975. The Development of Hindu Iconography, 2nd revised edition, New
Delhi.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. 2006. The Oxford Companion to Indian Archaeology: The Archaeological
Foundations of Ancient India, Stone Age to AD 13th Century, Delhi.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. and Makkhan Lal (eds.) 2014. Political History and Administration (c. 200
BC – AD 750), Volume 4; Political History and Administration (c. AD 750 - 1300), Volume 5:
New Delhi.
Chakravarti, Ranabir (ed.). 2001. Trade in Early India, Delhi.
_______________2013. Exploring Early India Up to c. AD 1300, New Delhi.
Champakalakshmi, R. 1996. Trade, Ideology and Urbanization: South India 300 BC to AD 1300,
Delhi.

22
Chanana, D. R. 1960. Slavery in Ancient India, New Delhi.
Chattopadhyaya, B. D. 1960. Aspects of Rural Settlements and Rural Society in Early Medieval
India, Calcutta.
_________________. 1977. Coins and Currency Systems in South India, c. AD 225-1300, Delhi.
________________. 1994. In Making of Early Medieval India, Delhi.
________________. 2003. Studying Early India: Archaeology, Texts and Historical Issues, New
Delhi.
Chhabra, B.C.and G.S. Gai 1981. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. III, Inscriptions of the
Early Gupta Kings, Delhi.
Dani, A.H. 1986/1997 [reprint]. Indian Epigraphy, New Delhi.
Ghoshal, U.N. 1930. The Agrarian System in Ancient India, Calcutta.
Gupta, Chitrarekha 1996. The Kayasthas: A Study in the Formation and Early History of the
Caste, Calcutta.
Gupta Dipankar (ed.) 1992. Social Stratification, Delhi.
Gupta, P.L. 1969. Indian Coins, Delhi.
Habib, Irfan 1985. Interpreting Indian History, Shillong.
Harle, J.C. 1974. Gupta Sculpture: Indian Sculpture of the Fourth to the Sixth Centuries
A.D, Oxford.
________. 1994. The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent, 2nd edition, New Haven.
Huntington, Susan L. 1985. The Art of Ancient India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain, New York, Tokyo.
Jaiswal, S. 1998/ 2000 (reprint). Caste, Origin, Function and Dimensions of Change, Delhi.
Jha, D. N. (ed.) 1987. Feudal Social Formation in Early India, Delhi.
_______. (ed.) 2000 The Feudal Order: State, Society and Ideology in Early Medieval India,
New Delhi
Kosambi, D.D. 1956. An Introduction to the Study of Indian History, Poona.
___________. 2002. Combined Methods in Ideology and Other Writings, compiled, edited and
introduced by B.D. Chattopadhyaya. New Delhi.
Kulke, H. 1993. Kings and Cults: State Formation and Legitimation in India and Southeast Asia,
Delhi.
Lahiri, B. 1974. Indigenous States of Northern India (circa 200 BC to AD 320), Calcutta.

23
Maity, S.K. 1970. Economic Life in Northern India in the Gupta Period.
Majumdar, R.C. and K.K. Dasgupta, (eds.) 1981. A Comprehensive History of India, Vol. 2 and
3, Delhi.
Mitra, D. 1971. Buddhist Monuments, Delhi.
Mukherjee, B.N. 1966. Media of Exchange in Early Medieval North India, Delhi.
Nandi, R. N. 2000. State Formation, Agrarian Growth and Social Change in Feudal South India,
c. AD. 600-1200, Delhi.
Niyogi, Puspa 1967. Brahmanic Settlements in Different Subdivisions of Ancient Bengal,
Kolkata.

Raychaudhuri, H. C. 1997. Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to
the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty, revised edition with a commentary by B.N. Mukherjee,
Delhi.
Rowland, B. 1967. The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain, 2nd edition,
Baltimore.
Saloman, Richard. 1998. Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit,
Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages, New Delhi.
Saraswati,S.K. 1975. A Survey of Indian Sculpture, 2nd Edition, New Delhi.
Sastri, K.A. Nilkantha 1955/ 1975. A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of
Vijayanagr. 4th edition, Madras.
Sharma, R. S. 1965. Indian Feudalism, c. 300 – 1200, Calcutta.
__________. 1968. Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India, 2nd edition,
revised and enlarged, Delhi.
__________. 1980. Sudras in Ancient India (A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa
AD 600), 2nd revised edition, Delhi.
__________. 1983. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India, Delhi.
__________. 1987. Urban Decay in India (c. 300- c. 1000), Delhi.
__________. 2001. Early Medieval Indian Society: A Study in Feudalisation, Kolkata.
__________. 2009. Rethinking India's Past, New Delhi.

24
 Sharma, R.S. and K.M.shrimali (eds) 1992. The Comprehensive History of India, Volume 4,
Delhi.
Singh, Upinder 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the
12th Century, Delhi.
___________. (ed.) 2011. Rethinking Early Medieval India: A Reader, New Delhi.
Sircar, D.C.1965. Select Inscriptions Bearing on Indian History and Civilization, Calcutta.
_________. 1967. Studies in the Society and Administration of Ancient and Medieval India,
Calcutta.
1969. Landlordism and Tenancy in Ancient and Mediaeval India as Revealed in
Epigraphical Records. Luckhnow
_________. 1971. Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India, Delhi.

Stein, Burton 1980. Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India. Delhi.
Subbarayalu, Y. 1982. The Chola State. Studies in History 4 (2): 265-306.
Thapar, Romila 1978. Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations, New Delhi.
____________(ed.) 1986. Situating Indian History, Delhi.
____________(ed.) 1995. Recent Perspectives of Early Indian History, Mumbai.
___________2000. History and Beyond, New Delhi.
___________2002. Early India (from the Origins to AD 1300), London.
Veluthat, K. 1993. The Political Structure of Early Medieval South India, New Delhi.
_________2010. The Early Medieval in South India, New Delhi.

Suggested Readings:
Ali, Daud ed. 1999. Invoking the Past: The Uses of History in South Asia, New Delhi.

Balasubrahmaniam, R. 2000. Delhi Iron Pillar: New Insights, Simla.

Basaham, A.L. 1967. The wonders that was India
_______(ed) 1975. A cultural History of India, Oxford
Beal, S. 1911. Life of Hiuen Tsiang by Shamans Hwui Li and Yen Tsung. 2nd edition, London.
Beteille, A. 2002. Equality and Universality: Essays in Social and Political Theory, New Delhi

25
Bhattacharya, N.N. 1996. Ancient Indian Rituals and Their Social Contents, 2nd edition.
Bloch, M. 1965. Feudal Society. 2 volumes, translated from the French by L.A. Manyon,
London.
Boussac, Marie-Francoise and Jean-Francoise Salles 1995. Athens, Aden, Arikamedu: Essays on
the Interrelations Between India, Arabia and the Eastern Mediterranean, New Delhi.
Casson, L. 1989. The Periplus Maris Erythraei, Princeton.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. 1989. Theoretical Issues in Indian Archaeology, Delhi.
_______________. 1999. India: An Archaeological History (Palaeolithic Beginnings to Early
Historic Foundations), Delhi.
Chattopadhyay, Bhaskar. 1967. The Age of the Kushanas : A Numismatic Study, Calcutta.
Dasgupta, K.K. 1974. A Tribal History of Ancient India- A Numismatic Approach, Calcutta.
Dehejia, Vidya (ed.) 1999. Representing the Body: Gender Issues in Indian Art, New Delhi.
Deva, K. 1995. Temples of India, 2 volumes, Delhi.
Dumont, L. 1970. Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and Its Implications, The Hague.
Epigraphia Indica, Relevant Volumes.
Ghosh, A. (ed.) 1967. Ajanta Murals, Delhi.
________(ed.) 1974. Jaina Art and Architecture, Volume 1, Delhi.
Ghoshal, U.N. 1923. A History of Hindu Political Theories, Calcutta.
___________. 1965. Studies in Indian History and Culture, Bombay
Goyal, S.R. 1995. The Coinage of Ancient India, Jodhpur.
________. 2005. The Imperial Guptas: A Multidisciplinary Political Study, Jodhpur.
Gupta, P.L. 1981. Coins: The Source of Indian History, Ahmedabad.
Habib, Irfan 1995. Essays in Indian History, Delhi.
Inden, R. 1990. Imagining India, Oxford.
Jha, A.K. and Dilip Rajgor. 1994. Studies in the Coinage of the Western Ksatrapas, Nasik.
Mukherjee, B.N. 1982. Commerce and Money in the Western and Central Sectors of Eastern
India (c AD. 750-1200). The Indian Museum Bulletin, Volume 17: 65-83.
Ramesh, K.V. 1984. Indian Epigraphy, Volume I, Delhi.
Ray, N. R. 1980. Bangalir Itihas (Adi Parva), in Bengali, 3rd revised edition in 2 volumes,
Calcutta.

26
Raychaudhuri, H. C. 1958. Studies in Indian Antiquities. 2nd edition, Calcutta.
Sharma, G.R. 1960. The Excavation at kausambi, 1957-9, Allahabad.
Sharma, R.c. 1984. Buddhist Art of Mathura, Delhi.
Sharma, R. S 1995. Perspectives in Economic and Social History of Ancient India., 2nd revised
edition, Delhi.
Thaplyal, K.K. 1996. Guilds in Ancient India: A Study of Guild Organization in Northern India
and Western Deccan from circa 600 BC to circa 600 AD, New Delhi.
Thaplyal, K.K. and P.Srivastava. 1998. Coins of Ancient India, Lucknow.
The Series on The Cultural Heritage of India, 7 volumes, published by the Ramkrishna Mission
Institute of Culture, Kolkata.
Yadava, B.N.S. 1978-79. The Kali Age and the Social Transition. Indian Historical Review nos.
1 and 2: 37-38.

HIST-C4

SOCIAL FORMATIONS AND CULTURAL PATTERNS OF THE MEDIEVAL WORLD

UG- I, SEMESTER- II
Course worth: 6 credits

Content:

Unit I: The Roman World, from Republic to Principate

Origins of Rome: Monarchy to Republic; Patricians and Plebeians; Gender, Class, and the
Construction of Social Relations and Values; Wars of Conquest, Political Economy, and Imperial
Expansion; Slavery; Civil Wars; From Republic to Principate; Agrarian Economy, Trade, and
Urbanization; Interactions between the Roman Mediterranean, Northern Europe, and the Indian
Ocean World

Unit II: Religion, Culture, and Intellectual Worlds of Ancient Rome

Roman Religious Worlds and Interactions with ‘Foreign’ Religions; Origins and
Transformations of Roman Law; Popular Culture; Republican Norms and Values; Legitimation
of Emperors; Roman Philosophy, Literature, and Historiography; Notions of Ethnicity in the
Roman World; Art and Architecture; The Reception of Ancient Rome in Early Modern and
Modern Europe, North America, and India

Unit III: The Roman Empire: Crises and Transformation

27
Late Antiquity and the Historiography of ‘Decline’; Imperial Power and Fragmentation;
Challenge of the Peripheries; The Rise of Christianity and the Church; ‘Barbarian’ Invasions;
The ‘Fall’ of the Western Roman Empire; The Emergence of the Byzantine World; The
Reception of Rome in the ‘Germanic’ kingdoms

Unit IV: Socio-Economic Developments in Europe: Seventh to Fourteenth Centuries

‘Medievality’ and the Historiography of Periodization; Economic Crises in Early Medieval

Europe; Agrarianization and De-Urbanization?; Serfdom, Peasantry, and Modes of Production;
Feudalism and its Historiography; Gendering the Middle Ages; Diversity in Political
Trajectories; Revival of Trade and Urban Growth from the High Middle Ages; Guilds, Towns,
Artisans, and Burghers; Consolidation of Centralised States and Growth of Monarchic Power in
England and France; Growth of Representative Institutions; Differences between Western and
Eastern Europe?; Imperial Expansion: Crusades, Reconquista, and Beyond

Unit V: Medieval Europe: Religion, Culture, Political Thought

Political Theology and Christian Legitimation of Kingship; Monarchization, State Formation,

and Christianization in Northern and Eastern Europe; ‘The King’s Two Bodies’ and the
Emergence of the Idea of the State; Emperors and Popes; Christian Europe and its Others: Jews,
Muslims, and ‘Heretics’; ‘Transcultural’ Zones: The Iberian Peninsula and the Mediterranean;
Discourses about Participatory and Representative Governance: Varied Trajectories in Western
European kingdoms and the Italian city-states; Law and Legal Philosophy; Twelfth-Century
Renaissance; Scholasticism and the Impact of Islamicate Cultures in Europe; Art, Architecture,
and Music; Emergence of Vernacular Literary Cultures; Codes of Chivalry; Women and Cultural
Production; Subaltern Cultures in Medieval Europe; From the Middle Ages to the Renaissance;
The Reception of the Middle Ages in the Modern World

Unit VI: Society, Polity, and Culture in the Medieval Islamicate World

The Emergence of Islam; Varied Genealogies of Islamicate Cultures; ‘Tribe’, Ummah, and State;
Caliphate and Sultanates; Islamic Law; Political and Philosophical Thought; Sufi Cultures; Trade
and Urbanization; Ethnicity, Class, and Gender; Art and Literature

Essential Readings:

Al-Azmeh, Muslim Kingship, London: I. B. Tauris, 2001.

Anderson, Perry, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism, London: Verso, 2013.

Berend, Nora (eds.), Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2007.

28
Bloch, Marc, Feudal Society, Routledge, 2014 (1939).

Boardman, John et al (eds.), The Oxford Illustrated History of the Roman World, Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1988.

Brown, Peter, The World of Late Antiquity, New York: Norton, 1989.

Edwards, Catharine (ed.), Roman Presences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Fitzpatrick, Matthew P., ‘Provincializing Rome: The Indian Ocean Trade Network and Roman
Imperialism’, Journal of World History, 22, 1, 2011, 27-54.

Flower, Harriet I., The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2004.

Holmes, George (ed.), The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe, Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1990.

Kantorowicz, Ernst H., The King’s Two Bodies, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957.

Lapidus, Ira M., A History of Islamic Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Le Glay, Marcel, et al., A History of Rome, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004.

Linehan, Peter, and Janet L. Nelson (eds.), The Medieval World, New York: Routledge, 2001.

Reynolds, Susan, Fiefs and Vassals, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Robinson, Francis (ed.), The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1996, relevant chapters.

Sabine, George H., A History of Political Theory (latest available edition, relevant chapters).

Taylor, Richard C., and Luis Xavier Lopez-Farjeat (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Islamic
Philosophy, New York: Routledge, 2016.

Vasunia, Phiroze, The Classics and Colonial India, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Suggested Readings:

Alexander, Michael, Medievalism: The Middle Ages in Modern England, New Haven: Yale
University Press, 2017.

Bakhtin, Mikhail, Rabelais and His World, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984 (1965).

Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome, The Postcolonial Middle Ages, New York: Palgrave, 2001.

29
Davis Kathleen, Periodization and Sovereignty, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
2008.

Davis, Kathleen, and Nadia Altschul (eds.), Medievalisms in the Postcolonial World, Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.

Dench, Emma, Romulus’ Asylum: Roman Identities from the Age of Alexander to the Age of
Hadrian, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Erdkamp, Paul (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Rome, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2013.

Foucault, Michel, The Care of the Self, New York: Vintage Books, 1988.

The New Cambridge History of Islam, vols. 1-3, relevant chapters.

HIST- GE2A
THE TWENTIETH CENTURY WORLD
UG I, SEMESTER II
Course Worth: 6 credits

Content:

Unit I: Empire and Culture

Ideologies of Empire, including Orientalism; Colonial Power, Culture, and Governmentality;

Decolonization and its Discontents; Introductions to Subaltern Studies and Postcolonial Studies

Unit II: Technology and Communication

Technology and Imperial Infrastructure; Global Histories of Technology and Communication;

Infrastructures of Governance and the Making of Twentieth-Century States

Unit III: Environmental Ideas

Colonialism and Global Environmental Change; Indigenous Populations and the Imperialism of
Modernity; The Birth of Modern Environmentalism; Debating the Anthropocene and the
Capitalocene

Unit IV: Pan-Asianism, Pan-Islamism, and Arab Modernism

30
Transregional Orientation of Twentieth-Century Ideologies; Japan and the Ottoman Empire as
exemplars and laboratories of change; Pan-Asianism and Pan-Islamism; The Muslim World as a
Globalized Concept

Essential Readings:

Aydin, Cemil, The Politics of Anti-Westernism in Asia: Visions of World Order in Pan-Islamic
and Pan-Asian Thought, New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.

Aydin, Cemil, The Idea of the Muslim World: A Global Intellectual History, Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 2017.

Chatterjee, Partha, The Nation and its Fragments, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Grove, Richard H., Green Imperialism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Guha, Ramachandra, Environmentalism: A Global History, Delhi: Penguin, 2014.

Guha, Ranajit, ‘On Some Aspects of the Historiography of Colonial India’, in Subaltern Studies,
vol. 1, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1982, 1-8.

Hanssen, Jens, and Max Weiss (eds.), Arabic Thought against the Authoritarian Age: Towards
an Intellectual History of the Present, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.

Lahiri Choudhury, Deep Kanta, Telegraphic Imperialism: Crisis and Panic in the Indian Empire,
c. 1830-1920, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2010.

Malm, Andreas, Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming,
London: Verso, 2016.

Mitchell, Timothy, Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity, Berkeley: University of

California Press, 2002.

Said, Edward W., Orientalism, New York: Random House, 1994 (1978).

Scott, James C., Seeing like a State, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

Stolte, Carolien, and Harald Fischer-Tine, ‘Imagining Asia in India: Nationalism and
Internationalism (ca. 1905-1940)’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 54, 1, 2012, 65-
92.

Wenzlhuemer, Roland, Connecting the Nineteenth-Century World: The Telegraph and

Globalization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Suggested Readings:

Alavi, Seema, Muslim Cosmopolitanism in the Age of Empire, Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 2015.

31
Bayly, Susan, ‘Imagining ‘Greater India’: French and Indian Visions of Colonialism in the Indic
Mode’, Modern Asian Studies, 38, 3, 2004, 703-44.

Chakrabarty, Dipesh, ‘The Climate of History: Four Theses’, Critical Enquiry, 35, 2, 2009, 197-
222.

Chakravorty Spivak, Gayatri, A Critique of Postcolonial Reason, Cambridge, MA: Harvard

University Press, 1999.

Devji, Faisal, and Zaheer Kazmi (eds.), Islam after Liberalism, London: Hurst, 2018.

Ghosh, Amitav, The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable, Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2016.

Mitchell, Timothy, Colonising Egypt, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

HIST-GE 2B
THE NUCLEAR AGE
(Offered Jointly by the Departments of Physics and History; Cross listing for Science &
Humanities Semester II Students)

UG I, SEMESTER II
Course Worth: 6 credits

Course Content: The units offered by the Department of History would look at the inter-
relationships between the cultures of nuclear science, the dynamics of scientific institutions and
the emergence of different political powers during 1930s, up to the dropping of the Atom Bomb
in 1945. The following units will seek to look at both the individual & institutional efforts in
laying out the history of India’s nuclear research project. The modules are structured as a series of
primary source and secondary literature discussions about a particular historiographical controversy
or theoretical debate related to nuclear weapons. The candidates would study how nuclear weapons
can be evaluated in terms of morality, strategy, norms, and geopolitics. They will begin with an
exploration of a particular historical case study and the various interpretations that historians have
used to understand it, which will then serve as an understanding different theories about nuclear
weapons, general awareness of nations conforming or deterring to internationally accepted nuclear
research & studies.

Teaching & Evaluation: The mode of study will comprise 75 class lectures, spread over a full
Semester. Learning activities will include analysis and interpretation of selected primary
documents, consideration and comprehension of semesterinal historiographical and theoretical
debates. Substantial preparatory reading will be circulated. Evaluation will be based on written

32
assessments: both Mid-Semester Internal Assignments (15 Marks) and End-Semester (35
Marks).

Unit 1: Contemplating the Atom

1. Ancient Greek thought on the Atom

2. Dalton’s Atomic Theory: 1803-1807
3. Modern Atomic Theory: 1913-1930

Unit 2: The Early History Of Nuclear Science In India: 1920s

1. Meghnad Saha: 1893-1956

2. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar: 1894-1955
3. Homi Bhaba: 1909-1966

Unit 3: The Early History Of Nuclear Science In Europe: 1920s

1. Neils Bohr: 1885-1962

2. Werner Heisenberg: 1901-1976
3. Lise Meituer: 1878-1968

Unit 4: The Manhattan Project & thereafter: 1939-1945

1. The bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki

2. Nuclear Power & Nuclear Weapons
3. Origins of the Cold War & Bipolarism

Essential Readings:

Achin Vanaik, After the Bomb: Reflections on India's Nuclear Journey (Orient Blackswan,
2015).
David Hoffman, The Dead Hand: The Untold Story of the Cold War Arms Race and Its
Dangerous Legacy (Anchor, 2009).
Frank Close, Nuclear Physics: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2015).
George Perkovich, India's Nuclear Bomb, (University of California Press, 1999).
Gerard J. De Groot, The Bomb: A History of Hell on Earth (Pimlico, 2004).
Joseph M. Siracusa, Nuclear Weapons: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press,
2015).
Maxwell Irvine, Nuclear Power: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2004).
Milorad Mladjenovic, The History of Early Nuclear Physics: 1896–1931 (World Scientific
Publishing Company, 1992).
Paul Lawrence Rose, Heisenberg And The Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: A Study In
German Culture (University of California Press, 1998).
Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb (Simon and Schuster, 2012).

33
Robert Jungk, Brighter Than A Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists,
(Vol. 182. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1958).
Werner Heisenberg, Nuclear Physics (Open Road Media, 2015).

Suggested Readings:

E. Crawford, R. L. Sime and M. Walker "A Nobel Tale of Postwar Injustice," Physics Today, 50,
No. 9, 26 (September, 1997).
T. M. Sanders, "Heisenberg and the German Bomb", Contemporary Physics, 43, 401 (2002)
N. P. Landsmand, "Getting even with Heisenberg", Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern
Physics 33, 297 (2002).
D. C. Cassidy, "A Historical Perspective on Copenhagen," Physics Today, 53, 28 (July, 2000).
J. Bernstein, "Heisenberg and the Critical Mass," American Journal of Physics, 70, 911 (2002). A
Guide to Manhattan Project: Official History & Documents (A Micro-Film Project of University
Publications of America, Washington DC, 1977).
H. A. Bethe, "The German Uranium Project," Physics Today, 53, No. 7, 34 (July, 2000). Robert
S. Anderson, Nucleus & Nation, International Networks & Power in India, (University of
Chicago Press, 2010).
Ruth Moore, Neils Bohr: The Man, His Science, & The World They Changed (MIT, 1966).
Thomas C. Reed, The Nuclear Express: A Political History of the Bomb & Its Proliferation
(2009).
Heinz Haber, The Walt Disney Story of Our Friend the Atom (New York: Simon and Schuster,
1956).
Jim Baggott, The First War Of Physics: The Secret History Of The Atom Bomb, 1939-1949
(Pegasus Books, 2011).
John Hersey, Hiroshima (Vintage, 1985).
Piers Bizony, Atom (Icon Books, 2017).

AECC (English Communication/ Modern Indian Languages/ Environmental Science): 4

credits, courses to be developed/ offered centrally

SEMESTER III
HIST-C5
HISTORY OF INDIA - III (c. 750 -1206)
Course Worth: 6 Credits

I. Studying Early Medieval India:

34
Definition and notion of Early Medieval, Historical geographical Sources: texts,
epigraphic and numismatic data Debates on Indian feudalism, rise of the Rajputs
and the nature of the state

II. Political Structures:

a) Evolution of political structures: Rashtrakutas, Palas, Pratiharas, Rajputs,

Chalukyas, Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas & Pallavas, Gaura-Kanyakubja struggle
b) Legitimization of kingship; Brahmanas and temples; royal genealogies
c) Arab conquest of Sindh: nature and impact of the new set-up; Ismaili dawah
d) Causes and consequences of early Turkish invasions: Mahmud of Ghazna; Shahab-
ud-Din of Ghur

III. Agrarian Structure and Social Change:

a) Agricultural expansion; Interlocking of the Agrarian with the non-agrarian; crops
b) Landlords and peasants
c) Proliferation of castes; status of untouchables
d) Tribes as peasants and their place in the Varna order; categories of untouchables

IV. Trade and Commerce:

a) Nature of Trade: Inter-regional trade, Maritime trade (Western and Eastern Indian Ocean);
Coastal Trade Network
b) Forms of exchange
c) Process of urbanization in North and South India
d) Merchant guilds of South India

V. Religious and Cultural Developments:

a) Puranic traditions, Bhakti, Tantrism,; Buddhism and Jainism; Popular religious cults
b) Islamic intellectual traditions: Al-Biruni; Al-Hujwiri
c) Regional languages and literature
d) Art and architecture: Evolution of regional styles

35
Essential Readings:

Brown, Percy, Indian Architecture, Vol. 1& 2, D B Taraporevala Sons & Co., Bombay, 1942
Chattopadhyaya, B.D., The Making of Early Medieval India, OUP, Delhi, 2012 (2nd Edition)
Habib, Mohammad and K.A. Nizami, eds, Comprehensive History of India,
Vol. V Part 1, The Delhi Sultanate, People’s Publishing House, 1992 (2nd Edition)
Karashima, Noboru, A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations, OUP, 2014
Kulke, Hermann, ed., The State in India 1000 – 1700, OUP, Delhi, 1997
Maclean, Derryl N., Religion and Society in Arab Sindh, Brill, 1989.
Mukhia, Harbans (ed.), The Feudalism Debate, Manohar, New Delhi, 1999.
Habib, Irfan, Medieval India: The Study of a Civilization, National Book Trust, 2008
Habib, Irfan and Faiz Habib, An Atlas of Ancient Indian History, OUP, 2012.
Sastri, K A Nilakanta, A History of South India from the earliest times to Vijaynagara, OUP,
1975.
Sharma, R.S., Indian Feudalism, Macmillan, Madras, 1980
Sharma, R.S. and K.M. Shrimali, eds, Comprehensive History of India, Vol. IV (A & B).
Singh, Upinder, The History of Ancient and Early Medieval India, Pearson, 2008.
Subbarayalu, Y, ‘State and Society During the Chola period’, in R. Champakalakshmi, Kesavan
Veluthat and T. R. Venugopalan (eds.), State and Society in Pre-Modern South India,
Cosmosbooks, Thrissur, 2002.
Veluthat, Kesavan, The Political Structure of Early medieval South India, Orient Longman, New
Delhi, 1993

Suggested Readings:

Al Beruni’s India, NBT edition.

Ali Hujwiri, Kashful Mahjoob, tr. R.Nicholson.
Ali, Daud, Courtly Culture and Political Life in Early Medieval India, Cambridge University
Press, 2006.
Amin, Shahid, Conquest and Community: The Afterlife of Warrior Saint Ghazi Miyan,
University of Chicago Press, 2016.
Chakravarti, Ranabir, Trade and Traders in Early Indian Society, Delhi, Manohar, 2007

36
Champakalakshmi, R., Trade, Ideology and Urbanization: South India, 300 BC to 1300 AD,
OUP, 1996
Chattopadhyay, B D., Representing the Others? Sanskrit Sources and the Muslims, Manohar,
Delhi, 1998.
Davis, Richard, Lives of Indian Images, Princeton University Press, 1999.
Deyell, John, S., Living Without Silver: The Monetary History of Early Medieval North India,
OUP, 1999.
Jha, D. N., The Feudal Order: State, Society and Ideology in Early Medieval India, Manohar,
2000.
Mahesh Sharma, ‘State Formation and Cultural Complex in Western Himalaya: Chamba
Genealogy and Epigraphs, 700-1650 C.E, IESHR, 41, 4 (2004)
Misra, S C, The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat, New York, 1963
Ramaswamy, Vijaya, Walking Naked: Women, Society, and Spirituality in South India, Indian
Institute of Advanced Studies, 1997 (1st Edition)
Ranabir Chakravarti, ‘Merchants, Merchandise and Merchantmen in the Western Seaboard of
India: A Maritime Profile (500 BCE – 1500 CE)’, in Om Prakash (ed.) The Trading World of
Indian Ocean, 1500-1800, III, Part 7, pp. 53-116.
Ranabir Chakravarti, ‘Nakhudas and Nauvittakas: Ship-owning Merchants in the West Coast of
India (c. AD 1000-1500), Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 43,
Issue 1, 2000, pp. 34-64.
Sahu, B. P. and Hermann Kulke (ed.), Interrogating Political System: Integrative Processes and
States in Pre-modern India, Manohar, 2015
Sen, Tansen, Buddhism, Diplomacy and Trade: The Realignment of India-China Relations, 600-
1400, Rowman & Littlefield, 2015
Schwartzberg, Joseph E., A Historical Atlas of South Asia, OUP, New York and London, 1992.
Stein, Burton, Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India, OUP, 1980
Suchandra Ghosh, ‘Cultural Connections in the Bay of Bengal: Spheres of Interaction’, in Lipi
Ghosh (ed), Eastern Indian Ocean: Historical Links to Contemporary Convergences, Cambridge
Scholars Publishing, 2011.
Thapar, Romila, Somanatha: The Many Voices of a History, Penguin Books, 2008
Thapar, Romila, The Past Before Us: Historical Traditions of Early North India, Ranikhet:
Permanent Black, 2013

37
Yadava, B N S., Society and Culture in Northern India in the Twelfth Century, Central Book
Depot, 1973.

38
 HIST-C6

RISE OF THE MODERN WEST- I

UG-II, SEMESTER-III

Course Worth 6 Credits

Course Description: The century of European history from 1460-1559 was a period of rapid,
comprehensive change. Like all periods of transition, from one civilization to another, its
obvious characteristic is that of an intricate counterpoint of tradition and innovation,
catastrophe and promise. Shifts from old to new in the 15th and early 16th centuries, was not a
shift from medieval to modern, but from medieval to early-modern. The Renaissance,
Reformation, scientific voyages and different technological developments built a Europe,
which was ready to take on the French and Industrial Revolutions. This course is aimed to
detect these shifts and flows, crucial continuities and discontinuities in a slow shift from an
older mode of perception and production to another.

Unit 1: Transition From Feudalism To Capitalism

i. Feudal society and the crisis of feudalism
ii. The Brenner debate, problems & the Transition debate
iii. The Black Death & other epidemics
iv. The rise of the mercantile classes
v. Development of industrial capitalism
vi. The agricultural revolution
vii. The enclosure movements
viii. Rise of the absolutist states in Europe

Unit 2: Science, Technology And Discovery

i. The printing revolution
ii. The gunpowder revolution
iii. Courtly engineers and gentleman practitioners
iv. The Spanish and Portuguese voyages of explorations
v. Modern scientific thought
vi. Mechanical philosophy and natural philosophy
vii. Cosmology, alchemy and magic.

39
Unit 3: Renaissance And Humanism
i. The Rediscovery of Classics
ii. Renaissance Humanism
iii. The Creation of Public Spaces
iv. Humanism and Art, Architecture
v. Education, Literature and Political Thought
vi. The Northern Renaissance

Unit 4: The European Reformation

i. Problem of authority in the Church
ii. Luther, Zwingli & Calvin
iii. The Radical Reformists: Anabaptists and the Huguenots
iv. Fragmentation Of Protestantism
v. Catholic Reformation
vi. The Counter-Reformation
vii. The English Reformation & the Church.

Unit 5: Economic Developments Of The 16th Century

i. The price revolution
ii. The commercial revolutions
iii. The 16th century European economy
iv. The emergence of capital.

Unit 6: The Scientific Revolutions & The Enlightenment

i. The scientific revolutions
ii. Newtonian sciences
iii. Emergence of scientific societies and scientific academies
iv. Origins of the European enlightenment

Unit 7: Emergence of The European State System

i. The Empire of Charles V
ii. The Italian states
iii. The Hapsburg-Valois struggle and the Hapsburg-Ottoman struggle

40
 iv. Early Modern Political Thought
v. John Locke and liberalism
vi. Peace of Westphalia in 1648
vii. Rise of the State-System in Spain, France, England And Russia.

Essential Readings:
T.S. Aston and C. H. E. Philpin (eds.), The Brenner Debate
H. Butterfield, The Origins of Modern Science
Carlo M. Cipolla, Fontana Economic History of Europe, Vols. II and III.
Carlo M. Cipolla, Before the Industrial Revolution, European Society and Economy. 1000 -
1700.
D. C. Coleman (ed.), Revisions in Mercantilism.
Ralph Davis, The Rise of the Atlantic Economics.
Maurice Dobb, Studies in the Development of Capitalism.
J. R. Hale, Renaissance Europe.
R. Hall, From Galileo to Newton.
Christopher Hill, A Century of Revolutions.
Rodney Hilton, Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism.
H. G. Koenigsberger and G. L. Mosse, Europe in the Sixteenth Century.
Stephen J. Lee, Aspects of European History 1494 - 1789.
G. Parker, Europe in Crisis 1598- 1648.
G. Parker and L. M. Smith, General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century.
J. H. Parry, The Age of Reconnaissance.
V. Poliensiky, War and Society in Europe 1618 - 1648.
Theodore K. Rabb, The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe.
V. Scammell, The 1st Imperial Age: European Overseas Expansion 1400 - 1715.
Jan de Vries, Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis 1600-1750.
John Henry, The Scientific Revolution and the Origins of Modern Science
John Henry, The Enlightenment World
Quentin Skinner, Foundations of Modern Political Thought, Vol. 1: The Renaissance &
Foundations of Modern Political Thought.
Quentin Skinner, Foundations of Modern Political Thought, Vol. 2 The Age of Reformation.
Quentin Skinner, From Humanism to Hobbs: Studies in Rhetoric and Politics
The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Middle Ages.

41
Suggested Readings:
M. S. Anderson, Europe in the Eighteenth Century.
Perry Anderson, Lineages of the Absolutist State.
Stuart Andrews, Eighteenth Century Europe.
B. H. Slicher von Bath, The Agrarian History of Western Europe. AD. 500 - 1850.
The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Vol. I - VI.
James B. Collins, The State in Early Modern France: New Approaches to
European History.
G. R. Elton, Reformation Europe 1517-1559.
M. P. Gilmore, The World of Humanism1453 -1517.
Peter Kriedte, Peasants, Landlords and Merchant Capitalists.
J. Lynch, Spain under the Hapsburgs.
Peter Mathias, First Industrial Revolution.
Harry Miskimin, The Economy of Later Renaissance Europe: 1460-1600.
Charles A. Nauert, Humanism and the Culture of the Renaissance.
The New Cambridge Modern History of Europe, Vols. I -VII.
L. W. Owie, Seventeenth Century Europe.
D. H. Pennington, Seventeenth Century Europe.
F. Rice & E. Grafton, The Foundations of Early Modern Europe

HIST- C7

HISTORY OF INDIA - IV (c.1206 - 1550)

Course Worth: 6 credits

I. Introduction:

Locating Delhi Sultanate within global history; study of contemporary empires in

Central Asia.; Understanding war, mobility, conflicts, alliances, fluctuating notions
of loyalty

II. Interpreting the Delhi Sultanate:

42
Survey of sources: Persian tarikh tradition; vernacular histories; epigraphy;
travel accounts

III. Sultanate Political Structures:

(a) Foundation, expansion and consolidation of the Sultanate of Delhi; The

Khaljis and the Tughluqs; Mongol threat and Timur’s invasion; The
Lodis: Conquest of Bahlul and Sikandar; Ibrahim Lodi and the battle of
Panipat
(b) Theories of kingship;
(c) Ruling elites; Sufis, ulama and the political authority; imperial
monuments and coinage
(d) Emergence of provincial dynasties: Bahamanis, Vijayanagar, Gujarat,
Malwa, Jaunpur and Bengal
(e) Consolidation of regional identities; regional art, architecture and
literature

IV. Society and Economy:

(a) Iqta and the revenue-free grants

(b) Agricultural production; technology
(c) Changes in rural society; revenue systems
(d) Monetization; market regulations; growth of urban centres; trade and
commerce; Indian Ocean trade

V. Religion, Society and Culture:

(a) Sufi silsilas: Chishtis and Suhrawardis; doctrines and practices; social
roles
(b) Bhakti movements and monotheistic traditions in South and North India;
Women Bhaktas; Nathpanthis; Kabir, Nanak and the Sant tradition
(c) Sufi literature: malfuzat; premakhayans

Essential Readings:

43
Aquil, Raziuddin, Sufism, Culture and Politics: Afghans and Islam in Medieval North
India, OUP, 2007
Asher, Catherine and Cynthia Talbot, India before Europe, Cambridge University
Press, 2006.
Chandra, Satish, Medieval India from Sultanate to the Mughals, Vol. I, (Delhi
Sultanate 1206-1526), Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, [1997] 2001
Habib, Mohammad, Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (eds), A Comprehensive History
of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526), People's Publishing House,
1970
Hasan, Mohibul, Historians of Medieval India, Aakar Books, 2017.
Jackson, Peter, The Delhi Sultanate: A Political & Military History, Cambridge: CUP,
1999
Kumar, Sunil, The Emergence of the Delhi Sultanate, Permanent Black, 2007.
Nizami, K.A., Religion and Politics in India during the Thirteenth Century, New
Delhi: OUP, 2002 (New Revised Edn.)
Raychaudhuri, Tapan and Irfan Habib (eds), The Cambridge Economic
History of India: c.1200-c.1750, Vol. I, Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Rizvi, S. A. A., A History of Sufism in India, Vol 1, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal,
1978.
Schomer, Karine and W. H. McLeod (eds.) The Sants: Studies in a Devotional
Tradition of India, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1987

Suggested Readings:

Chaudhuri, K.N., Asia Before Europe: Economy and Civilisation of the Indian Ocean
from the Rise of Islam to 1750, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Digby, Simon, War Horse and Elephant in the Delhi Sultanate: A Study of Military
Supplies, Orient Monographs, 1971.
Eaton, Richard M. (ed.), India’s Islamic Traditions, 711- 1750, OUP, 2003.
Gommans, Jos, The Indian Frontier: Horse and Warband in the Making of Empire,
Routledge, 2018
Kafadar, Cemal, Between the Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State,
University of California Press, 1995.

44
Kolff, Dirk H. A., Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military
Labour Market in Hindustan, 1450–1850 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1990).
Lorenzen, David N. (ed.), Religious Movements in South Asia, 600-1800, Oxford
University Press, 2005
Nigam, Shiva Bindeshwari Prasad, Nobility Under the Sultans of Delhi, A.D. 1206-
1398, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1968
Peter Hardy, "Growth of Authority Over a Conquered Political Elite: Early Delhi
Sultanate as a Possible Case Study", in John F. Richards, Kingship and Authority in
South Asia, South Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1978, pp. 216-
241.
Pollock, Sheldon, The Languages of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture
and Power in Premodern India, University of California, 2006
Prasad, Pushpa, Sanskrit Inscriptions of the Delhi Sultanate, 1191-1526, OUP, 1990
Qureshi, Ishtiaq Husain, The Administration of the Sultanate of Delhi, Munshiram
Manoharlal, 1971
Ramaswamy, Vijaya, Walking Naked: Women, Society, and Spirituality in
South India, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1997.

Siddiqui, Iqtidar Husain., Some Aspects of Afghan Despotism in India, Three Men
Publication, 1969.
Siddiqui, Iqtidar Husain., Delhi Sultanate: Urbanisation and Social Change, Delhi:
Viva Books, 2009

Stein, Burton, The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara, Cambridge

University Press, 1989.
Talbot, Cynthia, Pre-colonial India in Practice: Society, Region and Identity in
Medieval Andhra, OUP, 2001.

Wink, Andre, Al- Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vols. I-III, Brill,
1996
Novetzke, Christian Lee, History, Bhakti, & Public Memory: Namdev in Religious &
Secular Traditions (New Delhi/ Ranikhet, 2009)

HIST-SEC 1A

UNDERSTANDING HERITAGE

UG-II, SEMESTER-III

45
 Course Worth: 4 credits

I. Defining Heritage:
a. Meaning of ‘antiquity’
b. Archaeological sites
c. Tangible heritage
d. Intangible heritage
e. Art treasure

II. Evolution of Heritage Legislation and the Institutional Framework:

a. Conventions and Acts- national and International
b. Heritage-related government departments, museums, regulatory bodies
c. Conservation Initiatives

III. Challenges facing Tangible and Intangible Heritage:

a. Development
b. Antiquity smuggling
c. Conflict (to be examinationined through specific case studies)

IV. Heritage and Travel:

a. Visiting a heritage site (field trip)
b. The relationship between cultural heritage, landscape and travel recent trends

Essential Readings:
Biswas, S. S., Protecting the Cultural Heritage (National Legislation and International
Conventions), INTACH, New Delhi, 1999.
Lahiri, N., Marshalling the Past- Ancient India and its Modern Histories, Permanent Black,
Ranikhet, 2012. (Chapter 4 and 5)
Layton, R. P. Stone and J. Thomas, Destruction and Conservation of Cultural Property,
Routledge, London, 2001.
Lowenthal, D., Possessed By The Past: The Heritage Crusade and The Spoils of History,
Cambridge, 2010.

46
Singh, U., The Idea of Ancient India: Essays on Religion, Politics and Archaeology, Sage,
New Delhi, 2016. (Chapters 7, 8).

Suggested Readings:

Acts, Charters and Conventions are available on the UNESCO and ASI websites
(www.unesco.org; www.asi.nic.in)
Agrawal, O. P., Essentials of Conservation and Museology, Delhi, 2006.
Bhattacharya, Vivek Ranjan, Wisdom of Cultural Heritage of India, Metropolitan, New
Delhi, 1989
Chainani, S., Heritage and Environment, Urban Design Research Institute, Mumbai, 2007.
Javed, Ali and Tabassum Javed, World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India,
Algora Publishing, New York, 2008.
Kabir, Humayun, The Indian Heritage, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1955.
Levi-Strauss, Claude, Myth and Meaning (Heritage), University of Toronto Press, 1978.

HIST-SEC 1B

ARCHIVES & MUSEUMS

UG-II, SEMESTER-III

Course Worth: 4 credits

I. Definition and History of development (with special reference to India):

a. Archives
b. Museums

II. Types of archives and museums:

a. Understanding the traditions of preservation in India: collection policies, ethics and
procedures
b. Collection: field exploration, excavation, purchase, gift and bequests, loans and deposits,
exchanges, treasure trove confiscation and others
c. Documentation: accessioning, indexing, cataloguing, digital documentation and de-
accessioning

47
d. Preservation: curatorial care, preventive conservation, chemical preservation and
restoration

III. Museum Presentation and Exhibition:

a. Curating object
b. Designing Display: interactive and immersive

IV. Museums, Archives and Society:

a. Various Kolkata city museums
b. Digital archives
c. Visual archives
d. Archiving the museums
f. Writing colonial history via museums

Essential Readings:
A Guide to the National Museum, National Museum, Janpath, New Delhi, 1997.
Agrawal, O. P., Essentials of Conservation and Restoration and Museology, Delhi, 2006.
Choudhary, R. D., Museums of India and their Maladies. Agam Kala Prakashan, Calcutta,
1988.
Guha, T. Tapati, Monuments, Objects, Histories: Institution of Art in Colonial India, New
York, 2004.
Kathpalia, Y. P., Conservation and Restoration of Archive Material, UNESCO, 1973.
Mathur, S., India by design: Colonial History and Cultural Display, University of California,
2007.
Nair, S. N., Bio-Deterioration of Museum Materials, Agam Kala Prakashan, Calcutta, 2011.
Sengupta, S., Experiencing History Through Archives, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi, 2004.

Suggested Readings:
Plenderleith, H. J., The Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art: Treatment, Repair and
Restoration, Oxford University Press, 1971.
HIST-GE 3

EARLY MODERN SOUTH ASIAN CULTURES

UG-II, SEMESTER-III

48
 Course Worth: 6 credits

I. Narrative Cultures:
a. Growth and development of language and literature in early modern India
b. Sanskrit writings and translations in the Mughal Court
c. Persian culture and its influence on South Asian cultures especially the language
d. The development of Hindi and Urdu literary culture

II. Visual and Material Cultures:

a. Tales of temples and religious shrines: Somnatha temple and Ayodhya
b. The development of Imperial cities: Agra to Shahajanabad (Delhi)
c. Mughal art: paintings (especially the miniature painting of Jehangir’s era) and popular
Mughal gardens
d. Mughal architecture: the significance and symbolism of the Taj Mahal

III. Conflict and Synthesis: Syncretism and Beyond:

a. Conversion and Temple Desecration; Conflict and Accommodations
b. Syncretism and Beyond
c. Religious Interactions in Pre-Modern South Asia

IV. Sufism and Popular Religious Traditions

a. Sufi Ideas and Practices
b. Popular Religious Traditions in Medieval India
c. Varieties of Islam: Sufis, Ulama and the Shi’is

Essential Readings:
Alam, Muzaffar, Languages of Political Islam in India 1200-1800, Orient Blackswan, 2004
Asher, Catherine B. Architecture of Mughal India, Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Beach, M.C., The New Cambridge History of India I: 3, Mughal and Rajput Painting,
Cambridge University Press, 1992
Eaton, Richard M., India's Islamic Traditions, 711-1750 (Introduction), Oxford University
Press, 2003.

49
Eaton, Richard Maxwell, "Mass Conversion to Islam: Theories and Protagonists", in Richard
Maxwell Eaton, The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier 1204-1760, 1993
Hussain, Mahmood, Abdul Rehman, and James L.Wescoat Jr., eds., The Mughal Garden:
Interpretation, Conservation, Implications, Lahore, 1996.
Koch, Ebba, The Taj Mahal: Architecture, Symbolism, and Urban Significance , Muqarnas ,
Vol. 22, 2005.
Namboodiripad, E. M. S., Evolution of Society, Language and Literature in India, Social
Scientist, Vol. 8, No. 9, Apr., 1980.
Nizami, Khaliq Ahmad, Muslim Mystic Life and Organization in Khaliq Ahmad Nizami,
Religion and Politics in India during the Thirteenth Century, Oxford University Press, 2002.
Nizami, Khaliq Ahmad, The Ulama, in Khaliq Ahmad Nizami, Religion and Politics in India
during the Thirteenth Century, Oxford University Press, 2002.
Robinson, Francis, “Chapter 2: Islam and Muslim Society in South Asia” in Francis
Robinson, Islam and Muslim History in South Asia, OUP, 2012.
Roy Asim, The Islamic Syncretistic Tradition in Bengal, Sterling Publishers, 1983.
Schomer, Karine and W. H. McLeod, eds. The Sants: Studies in Devotional Tradition of
India. Delhi, Motilal Banarasidas, 1987.
Talbot, Cynthia, "Inscribing the Other, Inscribing the Self: Hindu-Muslim Identities in Pre-
Colonial India", Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 37, Issue 4, October 1995
Thapar, Romila, Somnatha: The Many Voices of a History, Verso, 2005.

Suggested Readings:
Alam, Muzaffar, “The Mughals, the Sufi Shaikhs and the Formation of Akbari Dispensation”,
Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 43, No. 1, (2009), pp. 135-174
Alam, Muzaffar, The Pursuit of Persian: Language in Mughal Politics, Modern Asian
Studies , Vol. 32, No. 2 (May, 1998), pp. 317-349
Begley, W.E. “The Myth of the Taj Mahal and a New Theory of its Symbolic Meaning”, Art
Bulletin LXI/1 (March 1979): 7-37.
Chattopadhyaya, B. D., Representing the Other? Sanskrit Sources and the Muslims, Delhi,
Manohar, 1998, pp. 28-43; 92-97.
Dickie, James (Yaqub Zaki), “The Mughal Garden: Gateway to Paradise”, Muqarnas , Vol. 3
(1985), pp. 128-137
Dimand, Maurice S., The Emperor Jahangir, Connoisseur of Paintings, The Metropolitan
Museum of Art Bulletin , New Series, Vol. 2, No. 6 (Feb., 1944), pp. 196-200

50
Ernst, Carl W., Muslim Studies of Hinduism? A Reconsideration of Arabic and Persian
Translations from Indian Languages, , Iranian Studies , Vol. 36, No. 2 (Jun., 2003), pp. 173-
195
Farooqi, Mehr Afshan, The 'Hindi' of the 'Urdu', , Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 43,
No. 9 (Mar. 1 - 7, 2008), pp. 18-20
Flood, Finbarr Barry, Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval "Hindu-
Muslim" Encounter, Princeton University Press, 2009 (Introduction)
Hardy, Peter, "Modern European and Muslim Explanations of Conversion to Islam in South
Asia: A Preliminary Survey of the Literature", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great
Britain and Ireland, No. 2, 1977.
Khansir, Ali Akbar and Nasrin Mozafari, The Impact of Persian Language on Indian
Languages, Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 4, No. 11, pp. 2360-2365,
November 2014
Krafft, Thomas and Eckart Ehlers, Imperial Design and Military Security: The Changing
Iconography of Shāhjahānābād-Delhi (Imperiale Planung und militärische Sicherheit: Zur
Veränderung der Ikonographie von Shāhjahānābād-Delhi), Erdkunde , Bd. 49, H. 2 (Apr. -
Jun., 1995), pp. 122-137
Namboodiripad, E. M. S., Evolution of Society, Language and Literature in India, Social
Scientist, Vol. 8, No. 9 (Apr., 1980), pp. 3-11.
Richard H. Davis, Lives of Indian Images (Princeton, 1997), Selection – Chapter 6,
“Reconstructions of Somnatha”, pp. 186-221, 186-290
Stewart, Tony K., In Search of Equivalence: Conceiving Muslim-Hindu Encounter Through
Translation Theory, History of Religion, 2001, pp. 260-287
Trivedi, K. K., The Emergence of Agra as a Capital and a City: A Note on Its Spatial and
Historical Background during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Journal of the
Economic and Social History of the Orient , Vol. 37, No. 2 (1994), pp. 147-170
Truschke, Audrey, Regional Perceptions: Writing to the Mughal Court in Sanskrit,
Cosmopolitism’s en Asie du Sud, Sources, itineraries, langues (xvi-xviii siècle), pp. 251-274.
Veer, Peter van der, Ayodhya and Somnath: Eternal Shrines, Contested Histores , Social
Research , Vol. 59, No. 1, Religion and Politics (SPRING 1992), pp. 85-109
Wagoner, Phillip B., “Sultan among Hindu Kings: Dress, Titles and the Islamisation of Hindu
Culture at Vijaynagar” Journal of Asian Studies, 55, 1996, pp. 851-880.

51
Wescoat Jr., James L. “Gardens of invention and exile: the precarious context of Mughal
garden design during the reign of Humayun (1530-1556)” in Journal of Garden History, Apr-
Jun1990, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p106-116.

SEMESTER IV
HIST-C8

RISE OF MODERN WEST- II

UG-II, SEMESTER-IV

Course Worth: 6 credits

Course Description: The years between 1559-1689, Europe passed through a tumultuous
and semesteri-anarchic period marked by civil wars and rebellions. Each upheaval had a
distinct character and multiple causes. It left a permanent impress on nearly every aspect of
European life: on concepts of liberty and toleration, on party politics, on business enterprise
and commerce, on social structure, science, philosophy and the arts. No history of the 17 th
century can be remembered without the intellectual revolution in mathematics, astronomy
and physics, even during these very trying times. A profoundly undemocratic society
spawned many a democratic idea, which we prize today; ideas on which the American War of
Independence and the French Revolution was based. This course is aimed to study and
critically analyze the general intellectual revolt against authority, which made the 17th-18th
centuries a fascinating period in history.

Unit 1: The 17th C. European Crisis

i. Economic Change: Beginnings of Agricultural Revolutions
ii. Military Revolutions and Continuous Warfare
iii. The Thirty Years War and its Aftermath in Europe
iv. Rise of the Maritime Powers: The Dutch and The English

52
Unit 2: The Era of Revolutions
i. The Puritan Revolution and the Civil War, 1642-1651
ii. The Rise of French Absolutism 1598-1661
iii. The Glorious Revolution of 1688

Unit 3: Rise Of Modern Science

i. The New View of the Universe
ii. The Scientific Climate of Opinion
iii. Sir Isaac Newton
iv. Biology and Chemistry

Unit 4: The Enlightenment

i. Origins of the Enlightenment 1687-1715
ii. The Orthodox Revival and the Cult of Sentiment 1690-1740
iii. The Early Enlightenment 1715-1748
iv. The Mature Enlightenment 1748-1778

Unit 5: Mercantilism And European Economy

i. The Mercantile System
ii. Import of Bullion and the new abundance of fluid capital
iii. Overseas Commerce in the 17th Century
iv. Territories of Economic Power in European Colonies

Unit 6: Political And Economic Issues In The American Revolution

i. The Seven Years War and the Peace of Paris
ii. The Sugar Act of 1764, The Stamp Act of 1765, The Tea Act of 1773 and the
Coercive Acts of 1774
iii. The Continental Congress and the Declaration of Independence 1776

Unit 7: Prelude To The Industrial Revolution

i. Population and Demography
ii. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
iii. Condition of the Working Classes
iv. Expansion of the Middle Class

53
 v. Economic Liberalism
vi. Emergence of Socialism

Essential Readings:
John S. Dunn, The Ages of Religious Wars 1559-1715
Leonard Krieger, Kings and Philosophers 1689-1789
Carlo M. Cipolla, Before The Industrial Revolution, European Society And Economy. 1000 -
1700.
Eric Hobsbawn, Age of Revolutions.
D. C. Coleman (Ed.), Revisions In Mercantilism.
Ralph Davis, The Rise Of The Atlantic Economics.
Maurice Dobb, Studies In The Development Of Capitalism.
J. R. Hale, Renaissance Europe.
R. Hall, From Galileo To Newton.
Christopher Hill, A Century Of Revolutions.
Rodney Hilton, Transition From Feudalism To Capitalism.
H. G. Koenigsberger And G. L. Mosse, Europe In The Sixteenth Century.
Stephen J. Lee, Aspects Of European History 1494 - 1789.
G. Parker, Europe In Crisis 1598- 1648.
G. Parker And L. M. Smith, General Crisis Of The Seventeenth Century.
J. H. Parry, The Age Of Reconnaissance.
V. Poliensiky, War And Society In Europe 1618 - 1648.
Theodore K. Rabb, The Struggle For Stability In Early Modern Europe.
V. Scammell, The 1st Imperial Age: European Overseas Expansion 1400 - 1715.
Jan De Vries, Economy Of Europe In An Age Of Crisis 1600-1750.
Jonathan I. Israel, Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy And The Making Of Modernity: 1650-
1750
Jonathan I. Israel, Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity And The Emancipation
Of Man: 1670-1752
Jonathan I. Israel, Democratic Enlightenment: Philosophy, Revolution, And Human Rights:
1750-1790

Suggested Readings:
M. S. Anderson, Europe In The Eighteenth Century.

54
Perry Anderson, Lineages Of The Absolutist State.
Stuart Andrews, Eighteenth Century Europe.
B. H. Slicher Von Bath, The Agrarian History Of Western Europe. Ad. 500 - 1850.
The Cambridge Economic History Of Europe. Vol. I - Vi.
James B. Collins, The State In Early Modern France: New Approaches To
European History.
G. R. Elton, Reformation Europe 1517-1559.
M. P. Gilmore, The World Of Humanism1453 -1517.
Peter Kriedte, Peasants, Landlords And Merchant Capitalists.
J. Lynch, Spain Under The Hapsburgs.
Peter Mathias, First Industrial Revolution.
Harry Miskimin, The Economy Of Later Renaissance Europe: 1460-1600.
Charles A. Nauert, Humanism And The Culture Of The Renaissance.
The New Cambridge Modern History Of Europe, Vols. I -Vii.
L. W. Owie, Seventeenth Century Europe.
D. H. Pennington, Seventeenth Century Europe.
F. Rice & E. Grafton, The Foundations Of Early Modern Europe

HIST-C9

HISTORY OF INDIA V (C. 1550-1605)

UG-II, SEMESTER-IV

Course Worth: 6 credits

Course Description: The course deals with the political expansion of the Mughal Empire in
South Asia. It focuses on military cultures, warfare and political alliances. It explores socio-
economic changes and developments, administrative institutions, religious traditions and
visual and material cultures. The course situates the Mughal Empire in the Eurasian context
through political, economic and cultural interactions.

Course themes and topics:

I. Sources and Historiography

(a) Sources, Genres and Categories

55
 (b) Persian and Vernacular Literary Traditions
(c) Chronicles and Auto/Biographical Accounts
(d) Approaches to Contemporary Sources

II. Establishment of Mughal Rule: Political Formations and Military Culture

(a) Political Formations in South Asia and Central Asia
(b) Fire Arms, Military Technology and Warfare; Migration and Mobility
(c) Struggle for Empire: Babur, Humayun and the Afghans
(d) Sher Shah Sur; Administrative and Revenue Reforms

III. Consolidation of Mughal Rule: Political Culture and Administration

(a) Campaigns and Conquests; Revolts and Resistance
(b) Articulation of Political Authority and Legitimacy; The Akhlaqi Traditions
(c) Administrative Institutions; Mansab, Jagir and Revenue Free Grants
(d) Central, Provincial and Local Administration

IV. Expansion and Integration: Nobility and Regional Powers

(a) Regional Political Formations: Rajputs, Nayakas and the Deccan Sultanates
(b) Composition of the Nobility; Rajputs and Other Indigenous Groups
(c) North-West Frontier; Gujrat and the Deccan
(d) Mughals in Eastern India

V. Society and Economy

(a) Social Formations; Ruling Class; Zamindars and Peasants; Rural Society
(b) Lang Revenue System; Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Productions
(c) Internal and External Trade;Trade Routes
(d) Monetary System and Commercial Organization

VI. Religious Dispensation and Cultural Dynamics

(a) Imperial Disposition and Religion; Sulh-i-Kull and Tawhid-i-Ilahi
(b) State, Religious Elite and the Problem of Legitimacy
(c) Mystical and Intellectual Interventions; Sufism and the Sant Traditions
(d) Art and Architecture; Language and Literature

56
Essential Readings:
Cynthia Talbot and Catherine B. Asher, India Before Europe, Cambridge University Press,
2006
Douglas E. Streusand, The Formation of the Mughal Empire, New Delhi: Oxford University
Press, 1999
HarbansMukhia, The Mughals of India, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2008
John F. Richards, The Mughal Empire, Cambridge University Press, 1995
J. L. Mehta, Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India: Vol. II The Mughal Empire
1526-1707, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1981, (Reprint, 2009)
Muzffar Alam and Sanjay Subrahmanyam. The Mughal State1526-1750s. New Delhi: OUP,
1998
Satish Chandra, Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals Part – II (Mughal Empire
1526-1748), Har-Anand Publications, 2005 [1999]

Suggested Readings:

Ali Anooshahr, The Ghazi Sultan and the Frontiers of Islam: A Comparative Study of the
Late Medieval and Early Modern Periods, London and New York: Routledge, 2008
Allison Busch, Poetry of Kings: The Classical Hindi Literature of Mughal India, New York:
Oxford University Press, 201
Allison Busch, "Literary Responses to the Mughal Imperium: The Historical Poems of
Kesavadas", South Asia Research, 25, 1 (2005): 31-54.
Arthur F. Buehler, Sufi Heirs of the Prophet: The Indian Naqshbandiyya and the Rise of the
Mediating Sufi Shaykh, University of South Carolina Press, 1998, pp. 1-28
Audrey Truschke, Cultures of Encounters: SaFFFnskrit at the Mughal Court, Penguin
Random House India, 2017
Audrey Truschke, ´Setting the Record Wrong: A Sanskrit Vision of Mughal Conquests",
South Asian History and Culture, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2012, 373-396
Audrey Truschke, “The Mughal Book of War: A Persian Translation of the Sanskrit
Mahabharata, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, 31, no. 2
(2011): 506–520
B. L. Badani, ´The Profile of Akbar in Contemporary Rajasthani Literature", Social Scientist,
Vol. 20, No. 9/10, 1992, pp. 46-53

57
Burton Stein, Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India, Oxford University Press,
1980
Carl W. Ernst, Sufi Martyrs of Love: The Chishti Order in South Asia and Beyond, New
York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002
Catherine B .Asher, Architecture of Mughal India, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1992
Cynthia Talbot," Inscribing the Other, Inscribing the Self: Hindu-Muslim Identities in Pre-
Colonial India", Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 37, Issue 4, October 1995,
pp. 692-722
Cynthia Talbot, "Justifying Defeat: A Rajput Perspective on the Age of Akbar", Journal of
the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 55, No. 2/3, pp. 329-368
David D. Shulman, The King and the Clown in South Indian Myth and Poetry, Princeton
University Press, 2014
David N. Lorenzen, Religious Movements in South Asia 600-1800, New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 2005
David N. Lorenzen, Essays on Religion in History, New Delhi: Yoda Press, 2006
Ebban Koch, Mughal Art and Imperial Ideology: Collected Essays, Oxford University Press,
2011
Ebban Koch, Mughal Architecture: An Outline of Its History and Development, 1526-1858,
Primus Books, 2014
Farhat Hasan, State and Locality in Mughal India: Power Relations in Western India, c.
1572-1730, Cambridge University Press, 11-Nov-2004
Francesca Orsini and Samira Sheikh, After Timur Left: Culture and Circulation in Fifteenth-
century North India,Oxford University Press, 2014
G. D. Sharma, Rajput Polity: A Study of Politics and Administration of the State of Marwar,
1638-1749. New Delhi: Manohar, 1997.
G. Tillotson, Rajput Palaces: The Development of an Architectural Style, 1450-1750, New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.
Harbans Mukhia, Histories and Historiography During the Reign of Akbar, Vikas Publishing
House, 1976
Harbans Mukhia, Mughals of India, Blackwell Publishing, 2004
Hermann Kulke, The State in India, 1000-1700, Oxford University Press, 1995
H. K. Naqvi, History of Mughal Government and Administration, Kanishka Publishing
House, Delhi, 1990

58
Ibn Hasan, The Central Structure of the Mughal Empire (London: OUP, 1936 reprinted by
MunshiramManoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1980)
Iqtidar Alam Khan, Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in Medieval India. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 2004
Iqtidar Alam Khan, India’s Polity in the Age of Akbar, New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2016
Iqtidar Alam Khan, The Political Biography of a Mughal Noble, Munim Khan Khan-I
Khanan, 1497-1575, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1973
Iqtidar Alam Khan, "State in the Mughal India: Re-Examinationining the Myths of a
Counter-Vision" Social Scientist, Vol. 29, No. 1/2 (Jan. - Feb., 2001), pp. 16-45
IqtidarAlam Khan, "The Nobility under Akbar and the Development of His Religious
Policy(1560-80)", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 1 /
2, 1968, pp. 29-36
Iqtidar Alam Khan, “Akbar’s Personality Traits and World Outlook: A Critical Reappraisal”,
Social Scientist, Vol. 20, Nos. 9010, September-October, 1992, pp. 16-30
Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi, Some Aspects of Afghan Despotism in India, Three Men Publications,
1969
Irfan Habib, The Agrarian System of Mughal India 1556-1707. 2nd Revised Edition, New
Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999
Irfan Habib (ed.), Akbar and His India, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997
Ishtiaq Husain Qureshi, The Administration of the Mughal Empire, Delhi: Low Price, 1998
J. J. L. Gommans, Mughal Warfare: Indian Frontiers and Highroads to Empire, 1500-
1700,Talyor and Francis, 2004
Kalika Ranjan Qanungo, Sher Shah and His Times, Orient Longmans, 1965
Khaliq Ahmad Nizami, On History and Historians of Medieval India. New Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal, 1968
Khaliq Ahmad Nizami, Akbar and Religion, Delhi: Idarah-iAdabiyat-iDelli, 1989
Karine Schomer and W. H. McLeod, TheSants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India,
New Delhi: MotilalBanarasidass, 1987
Kumkum Chatterjee, The Cultures of History in Early Modern India: Persianization and
Mughal Culture in Bengal, Oxford University Press, 2009
K. N. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the
Rise of Islam to 1750, Cambridge University Press, 1985
K. N. Chaudhuri, Asia Before Europe: Economy and Civilization of the Indian Ocean from
the Rise of Islam to 1750, Cambridge University Press, 1990

59
Lisa Balabanlilar, Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in
Early Modern South and Central Asia, I. B. Tauris, 2012
Lisa Balabanlilar, "Lords of the Auspicious Conjunction: Turco-Mongol Imperial Identity on
the Subcontinent", Journal of World History
Makhanlal Roychoudhury Sastri, The Din-i-Ilahi or The Religion of Akbar, Calcutta:
University of Calcutta, 1941
Meena Bhargava, (ed). Exploring Medieval India, Vols. I and II. New Delhi: Orient
Blackswan, 2010
Milo Cleveland Beach, Mughal and Rajput Painting, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1992
Mohibhul Hasan, Babur: Founder of the Mughal Empire in India, New Delhi: Manohar,
1985
Mohibbul Hasan, (ed.) Historians of Medieval India, Meenakshi Prakashan, New Delhi
Muzaffar Alam, The Languages of Political Islam in India, c.1200-1800. New Delhi:
Permanent Black, 2004
M. Athar Ali, "Towards an Interpretation of the Mughal Empire," Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 1 (1978), pp. 38-49
M. Athar Ali, Mughal India, Studies in Polity, Ideas, Society& Culture. New Delhi, Oxford
University Press, 2006
M. Athar Ali, The Apparatus of Empire: Awards of Ranks, Offices, and Titles to the Mug̲h̲al
Nobility, 1574-1658, Centre of Advanced Study in History, Aligarh Muslim University, 1985
N. Hasan, Religion, State and Society: Collected works of Nurul Hasan. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 2005
N. Karashima (ed), A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New
Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014.
N. S. Kapur, State Formation in Rajasthan: MewarDuring the Seventh – Fifteenth
Centuries. New Delhi: Manohar, 2002
Prachi Deshpande, Creative Pasts: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India, 1700-
1960, New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2007
Parmatma Saran, The Provincial Governments of the Mughals (Allahabad, 1941)
Qazi Moinuddin Ahmad, History of the ShattariSilsilah, Delhi: Idarah-iAdabiyat-iDelli, 2012
RaziuddinAquil, Sufism, Culture and Politics: Afghans and Islam in Medieval North India,
New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2012

60
RaziuddinAquil and David L. Curley, Literary Religious Practice in Medieval and Early
Modern India, Routlege: 2016
Rosalind O’Hanlon and David Washbrook, Religious Cultures in Early Modern India: New
Perspectives, New York: Routledge, 2012
Richard M. Eaton, M. D Faruqui, D. Gilmartin and S. Kumar, eds. Expanding Frontiers in
South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of J.F. Richard. Cambridge,
CambridgeUniversity Press, 2009.
Richard M. Eaton, A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2005
Richard M. Eaton and Phillip B. Wagoner, Power, Memory, Architecture: Contested Sites on
India’s Deccan Plateau, 1300-1600, Oxford University Press, 2014
Ruby Lal, Domesticity and Power in the Early Mughal World, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2005
Roy S. Fischel, “Society, Space and the State in the Deccan Sultanates, 1565-1636”, Ph.D.
Diss., University of Chicago, 2012
R. K. Saxena, “Mughals and Rajputs.” In Historical Perspectives of Warfare in India:
History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, vol. 10, edited by S.N.
Prasad and D.P. Chattopadhyaya. Delhi: MotilalBanarsidass, 2003
Sandhya Sharma, Literature, Culture and History in Mughal North India, 1550-1800, Delhi:
Primus Books, 2011
Sanjay Subrahmanyam, "Connected Histories: Notes towards a Reconfiguration of Early
Modern Eurasia, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 31, No, 3, (July), 1997, pp. 735-762
Sanjay Subrahmanyam, “The Mughal State-Structure or Process? Reflections on Recent
Western Historiography”, The Indian Economic and Social History Review, 29, 3, (1992)
Shalin Jain, Identity, Community and State: The Jains under the Mughals, Primus, 2017
Sheldon Pollock, “Pretextures of Time” History and Theory, 46 (October, 2007), pp. 366-383
Sheldon Pollock, Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern Asia: Explorations in the Intellectual
History of India and Tibet, 1500–1800,Duke University Press, 2011
Stephen Frederic Dale, Indian Merchants and Eurasian Trade, 1600-1750, Cambridge
University Press, 2002
Stephen Frederic Dale, "Steppe Humanism: The Autobiographical Writings of Zahir al-Din
Muhammad Babur, 1483-1530", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 22, No.
1, 1990, pp. 37-58

61
Stephen P. Blake, "The Patrimonial-Bureaucratic Empire of the Mughals",Journal of Asian
Studies, November, 1979
Sunil Sharma, Mughal Arcadia: Persian Literature in an Indian Court, Cambridge,
Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2017
S. A. A. Rizvi, Muslim Revivalist Movements in Northern India in the Sixteenth and
Seventeenth Century. New Delhi: MunshiramManoharlal, [Reprint], 2014
S. A. A. Rizvi, Religious and Intellectual History of the Muslims During the Reign of
Akbar(1556-16050. New Delhi: MunshiramManoharlal, 1975
Velcheru Narayana Rao, David Schulman and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Textures of Time:
Writing History in South India 1600-1800, Permanent Black, 2001
Taimiya R. Zaman, " Instructive Memory: An Analysis of Auto/Biographical Writing in
Early Mughal India", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 54,
2011, pp. 677-700
Tariq Ahmed,Religio-Political Ferment in the North West Frontier during the Mughal
Period: The Raushaniya Movement, Delhi: Idarah-iAdabiyat-iDelli, 1982
T. Raychaudhuri, and I. Habib (eds), Cambridge Economic History of India. vol. I,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982
Vincent Arthur Smith, Akbar the Great Mogul, 1524-1605, Oxford: Claredon Press, 1919
V. N. Rao, D. Shulman and S. Subrahmanyam (eds), Symbols of Substance: Court and
State in Nayaka Period Tamilnadu. Indian edition, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992
V. N. Rao, D. Shulman and S. Subrahmanyam, Textures of Time: Writing History inSouth
India 1600–1800. Delhi: Permanent Black, 2001
V. S. Bhargava, Marwar and the Mughal Emperors. New Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal,1966
W. M Thackston (ed.), Humyun Namah: Three Memoirs of Homayun, Mazda Publishers,
2009

HIST-C10

HISTORY OF INDIA VI (c. 1605 -1750)

UG-II, SEMESTER-IV

62
 Course Worth: 6 credits

Course Description: The course deals with the political formations in Mughal South Asia
during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. It explores the notions of loyalty and
patronages and authority and legitimacy and regional political formations and socio-
economic developments. The course also discusses the interface between state and religion
and the historiographical views about imperial crises.

Course themes and topics:

VII. Sources and Historiography

(e) Sources, Genres and Categories
(f) Persian and Vernacular Literary Cultures
(g) Travelogues and Insha Literature
(h) Approaches to Contemporary Sources

VIII. Political Cultures: Jahangir and Shah Jahan

(a) Political Cultures; Authority and Legitimacy
(b) Military Campaigns and Conquests
(c) Alliances and Loyalties; Composition of the Nobility
(d) State and Religion; Ulama, Sufis and Sants

IX. Mughal Empire Under Aurangzeb

(a) The War of Succession; Military Campaigns and Limits of Expansion
(b) State and Religion; Attitudes towards Religious Groups and Institutions
(c) Jizya, Temple Grant and Music; Assimilation and Confrontation
(d) Imperial Crises; Contemporary Perceptions

X. Patterns of Regional Politics

(a) Political Cultures and Regional Polities; North-West Frontiers
(b) Mughals and the Deccan Kingdoms; Emergence of the Marathas; Mughals in
Eastern India: Bengal and Assam
(c) Decline / Disintegration / Transformation
(d) Interpreting Early Eighteenth Century India

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 XI. Trade and Commerce
(a) Monetary System; Markets; Transportation; Urban Centres
(b) Commodities; Crafts; Artisans; Technologies
(c) Inland Trade and Indian Ocean Trade Network
(d) European Commercial Enterprise

Essential Readings:
Cynthia Talbot and Catherine B. Asher, IndiaBefore Europe, Cambridge University Press,
2006
Harbans Mukhia, The Mughals of India, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2008
John F. Richards, The Mughal Empire, Cambridge University Press, 1995
J. L. Mehta, Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India: Vol. II The Mughal Empire
1526-1707, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1981, (Reprint, 2009)
Muzffar Alam and Sanjay Subrahmanyam. The Mughal State1526-1750s. New Delhi: OUP,
1998
Ram Prasad Tripathi, Rise and Fall of the Mughal Empire: Aurangzeb to Later Mughals,
Central Book Depot, 1987
Satish Chandra, Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals Part – II (Mughal Empire
1526-1748),Har-Anand Publications, 2005 [1999]

Suggested Readings:

Azfar Moin, The Millennial Sovereign: Sacred Kingship and Sainthood in Islam, Columbia
University Press, 2014
Audrey Truschke, Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India’s Most Controversial King,
California: Stanford University Press, 2017
Audrey Truschke, Cultures of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court, Penguin Random
House India, 2017
Banarasi Prasad Saksena, History of Shah Jahan of Delhi, Allahabad: Central Book Depot, 1962
Beni Prasad, History of Jahangir, Allahabad: Indian Press, 1930 (Second Edition)
Burton Stein, Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India, Oxford University Press, 1980

64
Catherine B .Asher, Architecture of Mughal India, Cambridge: Cambridge University PRess,
1992
Eugenia Vanina, “Roads of (Mis)Understanding: European Travellers in India (Fifteenth to
Seventeenth Century)” Indian Historical Review, Vol. 40, No. 2, 2013, pp. 267-284
Farhat Hasan., State and Locality in Mughal India: Power Relations in Western India, C.1572-
1730, Cambridge University Press, 11-Nov-2004
Harbans Mukhia, Historians and Historiography during the Reign of Akbar, Vikas Publishing
House, New Delhi, 1976
Harbans Mukhia, Mughals of India, Blackwell Publishing, 2004
H. K. Naqvi, History of Mughal Government and Administration, Kanishka Publishing House,
Delhi, 1990
Khaliq Ahmad Nizami, On History and Historians of Medieval India, Munshiram Manoharlal,
New Delhi, 1983
Ibn Hasan, The Central Structure of the Mughal Empire (London: OUP, 1936 reprinted by
Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1980)
Irfan Habib, The Agrarian System of Mughal India 1556-1707. 2nd Revised Edition, New Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 1999
Iqtidar Alam Khan, "State in the Mughal India: Re-Examinationining the Myths of a Counter-
Vision" Social Scientist, Vol. 29, No. 1/2 (Jan. - Feb., 2001), pp. 16-45
Ishtiaq Husain Qureshi, Administration of the Mughal Empire, Low Price Publications, Delhi,
2004
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzib (Calcutta, 5 vols., 1912-24)
Jadunath Sarkar, Fall of the Mughal Empire (in four volumes) Orient Longman, 1972
John F. Richards, Power, administration, and Finance in Mughal India, Variorum, 1993
John F. Richards, Mughal Administration in Golconda, Clarendon Press, 1975
John F. Richards, Kingship and Authority in South Asia, South Asian Studies, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, 1978
K. N. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the
Rise of Islam to 1750, Cambridge University Press, 1985
K. N. Chaudhuri, Asia Before Europe: Economy and Civilization of the Indian Ocean from the
Rise of Islam to 1750, Cambridge University Press, 1990
Lisa Balabanlilar, Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in
Early Modern South and Central Asia, I. B. Tauris, 2012

65
Lisa Balabanlilar, "Lords of the Auspicious Conjunction: Turco-Mongol Imperial Identity on the
Subcontinent", Journal of World History, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2007, pp. 1-39
Michael Herbert Fisher, Visions of Mughal India: an anthology of European travel writing, I. B.
Tauris, 2007
Muhammad Baqir Najm Sani, (Trans. Sajida Sultana Alvi) Advice on the Art of Governance
(Mau'izah-iJahangiri) of Muhammad Baqir Najm-i Sani: An Indo-Islamic Mirror for Princes,
SUNY Press,1989
Munis D. Faruqui, The Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504-1719, New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2012
Muzaffar Alam, The Languages of Political Islam C. 1200-1800, Permanent Black, 2004
Muzaffar Alam, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Mughal State, 1526-1750, OUP India, 2000
Muzaffar Alam and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Indo-Persian Travels in the Age of Discoveries,
1400-1800, Cambridge University Press, 2007
Muzaffar Alam and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Writing the Mughal World: Studies on Culture and
Politics, Columbia University Press, 2012
Muzaffar Alam and Seema Alavi, (Translation with an Introduction), A European Experience of
the Mughal Orient: The Iʻjāz-iArsalānī (Persian Letters 1773-1779) of Antoine-Louis Henri
Polier, Oxford University Press, 2001
M. Athar Ali, The Mughal Nobility Under Aurangzeb, Oxford University Press, 2001
M. Athar Ali, The Apparatus of Empire: Awards of Ranks, Offices, and Titles to the Mug̲h̲al
Nobility, 1574-1658, Centre of Advanced Study in History, Aligarh Muslim University, 1985
M. Athar Ali, Mughal India: Studies in Polity, Ideas, Society and Culture, Oxford University
Press, 2006 [2012]
P. Saran, The Provincial Governments of the Mughals, Bombay: Asia Publication House, 1972
P. J. Marshall (ed.), The Eighteenth Century in Indian History: Evolution Or Revolution, Oxford
University Press, 2005
Rosalind O’Hanlon and David Washbrook, Religious Cultures in Early Modern India: New
Perspectives, New York: Routledge, 2012
Ram Prasad Tripathi, Rise and Fall of the Mughal Empire: Aurangzeb to Later Mughals, Central
Book Depot, 1987
Ram Prasad Tripathi, Some Aspects of Muslim Administration, Central Book Depot, Allahabad,
India, [1936] 1974
Sajida Sultana Alvi, “The Historians of Mughal Emperor AwrangzebAlamgir: A Comparative
Study of Three Primary Sources” in Sajida Sultana Alvi, Perspectives on Indo-Islamic

66
Civilization in Mughal India: Historiography, Religion and Politics, Sufism and Islamic
Renewal, OUP Pakistan, 02-Aug-2012
Sanjay Subrahmanyam,“The Mughal State-Structure or Process? Reflections on Recent Western
Historiography”, The Indian Economic and Social History Review, 29, 3, (1992)
Sanjay Subrahmanyam, "Connected Histories: Notes towards a Reconfiguration of Early Modern
Eurasia, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 31, No, 3, (July), 1997, pp. 735-762
Sajida S. Alvi, Religion and State during the Reign of Mughal Emperor Jahǎngǐr (1605-27):
Nonjuristical Perspectives, Studia Islamica, No. 69, 1989, pp. 95-119
Sajida Sultana Alvi, Perspectives on Indo-Islamic Civilization in Mughal India: Historiography,
Religion and Politics, Sufism and Islamic Renewal, OUP, Pakistan, 2012
Satish Chandra, Parties and Politics at the Mughal Court 1707-1740. New Delhi: OUP, 2001
Satish Chandra, Mughal Religious Policies: the Rajputs and the Deccan, New Delhi: Vikas, 1993
Satish Chandra, Medieval India: Society, the Jagirdari Crisis and the Village, New Delhi:
Macmillan, 2000
Satish Chandra, Essays on Medieval Indian History, Oxford University Press, New Delhi: 2003
[2012], pp. 325-345
Seema Alavi (ed.), The Eighteenth Century in India, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2007
Stephen Frederic Dale, Indian Merchants and Eurasian Trade, 1600-1750, Cambridge
University Press, 2002
Stephen P. Blake, “The Patrimonial-Bureaucratic Empire of the Mughals”, Journal of Asian
Studies,Vol. 39, No., 1, 1979, pp. 77-99
Thomas de Bruijn, Culture and Circulation: Literature in Modern India, Leiden-Boston: Brill,
2014
Vasudha Dalmia and Munis D. Faruqui, Religious Interactions in Mughal India, Oxford
University Press, 2014
Zahir Uddin Malik, The Reign of Muhammad Shah: 1719-1748, Bombay:Asia Publication
House, 1977

HIST-SEC 2A

INDIAN ART & ARCHITECTURE

UG-II, SEMESTER-IV

Course Worth: 4 credits

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I. Indian Art (c. 300 BCE-600 CE):
a. Rock art
b. Major developments in stupa, cave and temple art and architecture
c. Indian Sculpture: style and iconography: Buddhist, Jain & Brahmanical iconography

II. Indian Art (c. 600 CE-1200 CE):

a. Temple forms and their architectural features: case study of Orissa temples
b. Early illustrated manuscripts and mural painting traditions
c. Indian bronzes and metal icons

III. Indian art and architecture (c. 1200- 1800):

a. Sultanate architecture
b. Mughal architecture
c. Miniature painting traditions: Mughal, Rajasthani, and Pahari

IV. Modern and Contemporary Indian art and Architecture:

a. Introduction to the rise of modern art
b. Bengal School of art
c. Popular art forms (folk art traditions)

V. Field Trip

Essential Readings:

Beach, M.C., The New Cambridge History of India I: 3, Mughal and Rajput Painting,
Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Brown, Percy, Indian Architecture, Vol.I: Buddhist and Hindu Periods & Vol.II: Muslim
Period, Bombay, 1949.
Ram Nath, History of Sultanate Architecture, Abhinav Publication, 1978.
Asher, Catherine B., The Architecture of Mughal India, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 2003.
Dhar, P. P., ed., Indian Art History Changing Perspectives, DK Publishing House, New
Delhi, 2011.
Goswamy, B. N., Essence of Indian Art, Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, 1986.
Gupta, S.P., Elements of Indian Art, D. K. Print world, Delhi, 2006.
Huntigton, S., The Art of Ancient India: Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Weatherhill, 1985.
Sivarammurti, C., Indian Bronzes. Marg Publication, Mumbai, 1962.

Suggested Readings:

68
Anjan Chakraborty, Indian Miniature Painting, Roli Books, New Delhi, 2005. Chapter on
Mughal Painting (pp. 33-68), Deccani Painting (pp. 69-74), Rajasthani Painting (pp. 75-104)
and Pahari Painting (pp. 105-134).
Banerjee, J. N,. The Development of Hindu Iconography, 2nd revised edition, New Delhi,
1956/ 1975.
Beach, Milo Cleveland, ‘Rajput Painting at Bundi and Kota’, Artibus Asiae. Supplementum,
Vol. 32, Rajput Painting at Bundi and Kota (1974)
Brown, Percy, Indian Painting under the Mughals, 1550-1750, The Clarendon Press, Oxford,
1924.
Brown, Percy, Indian Painting, The Association Press, Calcutta, 1927.
Brown, Percy, The Heritage of India: Indian Painting, Association Press, London, 1922.
Burgess, James, A Guide to Elura Cave Temples, The Archaeological Department, The
Nizam’s Government.
Chakravarty, K. K, Rock Art of India (Engraving and Painting), Delhi, 1984.
Coomaraswamy, Anand K., ‘Rajput Painting’, Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 96
(Aug., 1918)
Coomaraswamy, Anand K., History of Indian and Indonesian Art, New York, 1927.
Deva, Krishna, Temples of North India, National Book Trust, New Delhi, 1989.
Dhaky, M. A., Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Vol. 2, Part. 3: North India:
Beginnings of Medieval Idiom, New Delhi, 1998.
Fergusson, James, History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, Vol. II, John Murray,
Albemarle Street, London, 1910
Haque, Enamul., Bengal Sculptures, Hindu Iconography up to c. 1250 AD, Dhaka, 1992.
Koch, Ebba, Mughal Architecture: An Outline of It’s History and Development (1526-1858),
Ratna Sagar Private Limited, 2013 (Revised edition)
Kramrish, Stella, The Art of India: Traditions of Indian Sculpture, Painting and Architecture,
The Phaidon Press, London.
Michell, George, The New Cambridge History of India, 1:6 Architecture and Art of Southern
India, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.
Nath Ram, Taj Mahal: The Evolution of the Tomb in Mughal Architecture, D. B.
Taraporevala Sons & Co. Private Ltd., Bombay, 1972.
Nath, Ram, History of Mughal Architecture, Vol. 1 and 2, Abhinav Publications, New Delhi,
1982.
Saraswati,S. K., Early Sculpture of Bengal, Calcutta, 1962.

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Singh, Rajesh, An Introduction to the Ajanta Caves, published by Hari Sena Press Private
Limited, Vadodra, 2012.
Sivaramamurti, C., Indian Sculpture, Allied Publishers Private Ltd., New Delhi, 1961.
Som Prakash Verma, Mughal Painting, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2014.
Welch, Anthony, ‘Architectural Patronage and the Past: The Tughlaq Sultans of India,
Muqarnas, Vol. 10, Essays in Honour of Oleg Grabar. (1993)
Welch, Anthony, ‘The Tughlaqs: Master Builders of the Delhi Sultanate’, Muqarnas, Vol. 1
(1983)

HIST-SEC 2B

UNDERSTANDING POPULAR CULTURE

UG-II, SEMESTER-IV

Course Worth: 4 credits

Contents:

The paper examinationines some popular cultures expressed in different mediums like visual,
oral and cultural. In the process of their evolution, these cultures eclectically draw from
traditions, articulate anxieties, and even give rise to new traditions. The paper endeavours to
equip students with understanding such phenomena historically, with special reference to
India. It is imperative that the students use electronic devices to view, record, and document
the subject matter.

I. Introduction: Defining popular culture and understanding it historically

II. Visual Expressions: Folk Art, Calendar Art, Photography
III. Performance: Theatre; Music; Folk Tales/Songs/Swang and Nautanki: Identifying
themes, functionality, anxieties
IV. The Audio-Visual: Cinema and Television: Indian Cinema: Mapping the influence of
the national struggle for independence (1930s and 40s); Idealized nationalism
(1950s), disillusionment and the anti-establishment mood (1970s and 80s);
documentary films, Expression of popular culture in television
V. Fairs, Festivals and Rituals: Disentangling mythological stories, patronage, regional
variations

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VI. Popular Culture in a Globalized World: The Impact of the Internet and Audio-
Visual Media

Essential Readings:

Dissanayake, W and K M Gokul Singh, Indian Popular Cinema, Trentham Books, London,
2004
Storey, John, Cultural Theory and Popular Culture, London, 2001
Oberoi, Patricia, Freedom and Destiny: Gender, Family and Popular Culture in India, Delhi,
2009
Princy, Christopher, Camera Indica: The Social Life of Indian Photographs, Chicago, 1998

Suggested Readings:

Ramanujan, A K, Folktales from India: A Selection of Oral Tales from Twenty-Two

Languages (Only the Introduction)
Ramaswamy, V, “Women and thee Domestic in Tamil Folk Songs” in Kumkum Sangari and
Chakravarti, eds, From Myths to Markets: Essays on Gender, Shimla, 1999.
Singh, Lata, ed., Theatre in Colonial India: Playhouse of Power, New Delhi, 2009.

HIST-GE 4

SOUTH ASIAN CULTURES IN THE AGE OF NATIONALISM

UG-II, SEMESTER-IV

Course Worth 6 Credits

Contents

This course looks at the interface of religion, society and politics in modern South Asian
history. It takes into account the ways and processes through which modern community
identities and associated cultural practices are contested, challenged and (re)configured.
Readings are arranged to utilize as well as promote interdisciplinary approaches and insights
from literary and cultural studies, history of ideas, and cultural sociology, visual
anthropology in order to make modern history interesting and engaging for non-history

71
 undergraduate students. The exact course content may change from Semester to Semester,
depending on the availability and academic interest of the course instructor(s).

I. Nation as a Problem in Historical Inquiry

II. Theories of Nationalism
III. Past, History and Community Identity
IV. Religion, Community and Dissent
V. Religious Practices and ideologies –Shared and Conflicting
VI. Hindu Nationalism: Savarkar, Golwalkar, Hedgewar, Moonje, etc.
VII. Religious Practice and Modern Technology- Print and Visual
VIII. On Islam and Visual Culture
IX. Inter-community Relations: Literary and Visual Narrative

Essential Readings:

Peter Schreiner, “The Indianness of Modern Indian Philosophy as a Historical and

Philosophical Problem”, Philosophy East and West, 28(1), 1978: 21-37
Majid Hayat Siddiqi, “Writing-History in India”, History Workshop, No. 10, 1980, pp.
18490.
Ernest Gellner, Nation and Nationalisms, pp. 1-8.
ParthaChatterjee, Nation and its Fragments, Introduction
RomilaThapar, “Imagined Religious Communities?” Ancient History and the Modern
Search for a Hindu Identity
Anne Murphy, “Writing the Community: Literary Sources from the Eighteenth Century”
in The Materiality of the Past: History and Representation in Sikh Tradition, OUP, 2012
Mushirul Hasan, “Pan-Islamism versus Indian Nationalism? A Reappraisal”, Economic
and Political Weekly, Vol. 21, No. 24 (Jun. 14, 1986), pp. 1074-1079
Lata Mani, “Contentious Tradition” in K. Sangari and SudeshVaid eds., Recasting
Women. Delhi, Kali For Women.
Meera Kosambi, “An Indian Response to Christianity Church and Colonialism: The Case
of Pandita Ramabai”, Economic and Political Weekly, XXVII, 43-4, 1992
Peter van der Veer, “God must be liberated: A Hindu Liberation Movement in Ayodhya”,
Modern Asian Studies, 21(2) 1987, 283-301
Francis Robinson, „Technology and Religious Change: Islam and the Impact of Print‟,
Modern Asian Studies 27, 1 (1993) pp. 229-251

72
 Phillip Lutgendorf, “Ramayan: The Video” The Drama Review 34, no. 2 (Summer 1990)
pp. 127-176

Suggested Readings:

Benjamin Zachariah, Playing The Nation Game, Introduction

TapatiGuha-Thakurta, “The Demands of Independence: From a National Exhibition to a
National Museum” in Monuments, Objects, Histories: Institutions of Art in Colonial and
Post-Colonial India (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2005), 175-204.
SumitSarkar, “Rammohun Roy and the Break with the Past”
Rini Bhattacharya Mehta, “The Missionary Sanyasi and the Burden of the Colonised: The
Reluctant Alliance Between Religion and Nation in the Writings of Swami Vivekananda
(1863-1902)”, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 28:2
(2008), pp. 10-25.
Mark Juergensmeyer, “The Rise of Ad Dharma” in Religion as Social Vision: the
Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab. Berkely, California University
Press, 1984. Pp. 21-50
Valerian Rodrigues, “Making a Tradition Critical: Ambedkar‟s Reading of Buddhism” in
Peter Robb ed. Dalit Movements and the Meaning of Labour in India (Delhi: OUP, 1993)
pp. 299-339
Susan Bayly, “Warrior, Martyr Pirs in the 18th Century” in Saints, Goddesses and Kings:
Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society. Cambridge, CUP, 1989, pp. 187-215
Shahid Amin, “On Retelling the Muslim Conquest of North India”, in History and the
Present, eds., ParthaChatterjee and AnjanGhosh (Delhi, Permanent Black, 2004) 24-43.
Markus Daechsel, “Scientism and its Discontents: The Indo-Muslim „Fascism‟ of
Inayatullah Khan Al-Mashriqi”, Modern Intellectual History, 3:3 (2006), pp. 443-72.
Phillip Lutgendorf, “Evolving a monkey: Hanuman, poster art and postcolonial anxiety”,
2002; 36(1-2) 2002: 71-112
Phyllis K Herman, “"Seeing the Divine Through Windows: Online Puja and Virtual
Religious Experience”, Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 4:1 (2010), pp.
151178.
Francesca Orsini, “Reading a Social Romance” in VasudhaDalmia and Theo Damsteegt
eds., Narrative Strategies: Essays on South Asian Literature and Film (Delhi: OUP,
1998) pp. 185-210.

73
 Christina Oesterheld, “„Ekkahani, ganga jamni‟: Satirising Secularity” in VasudhaDalmia
and Theo Damsteegt eds., Narrative Strategies: Essays on South Asian Literature and
Film (Delhi: OUP, 1998), 243-60
Shahid Amin, “Representing the Musalman: Then and Now, Now and Then”, in S.
Mayaram, M.S.S. Pandian and Ajay Skaria eds., Subaltern Studies Vol. XII (New Delhi:
Permanent Black), pp. 1-36.
Shekhar Bandopadhyaya, Plassey to Partition (Delhi: Orient Blackswan)

SEMESTER V

HIST- C11
HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE – I (c. 1780-1939)
UG I, Semester V
Course Worth: 6 credits

Content

Unit I: The French Revolution and its European repercussions

Intellectual and Political Background of the French Revolution; Crisis of the Ancien Regime;
Changing political, economic and philosophical currents; France on the eve of the
Revolution; Main events, processes and repercussions; The ‘crowd’ in the French Revolution:
participation of different social classes; Phases of the French Revolution: 1789 – 1799; Art
and Culture of French Revolution; From ‘revolution’ to ‘reform’; Napoleonic consolidation
and transition to empire

Unit II: Restoration and Revolution: c. 1815 - 1848

Forces of conservatism and restoration of old hierarchies; Restoration of the Bourbon

monarchs: First restoration after Napoleon’s abdication: Reign of Louis VIII; Second
Restoration and Constitutional Monarchy (1816-1820); Return of Reactionary Politics and
the reign of Charles X; Changing social, political and intellectual currents; the July
Revolution of 1830 and the Revolution of 1848; Re-appraisal of the effects of the Revolution
in France: post 1800 changes in Europe: end of the Holy Roman Empire and later effects in
the wake of restoration and revolution; European history in a comparative grid; Debates
about the question surrounding the “birth of the modern world”

Unit III: Capitalist Industrialisation and Social and Economic

Transformation (Late 18th century to AD 1914)
74
Processes of capitalist development in industry and agriculture and their background; Causal
concatenations, features and dynamics of the Industrial Revolution in England: with details
about the Enclosure Movement and the making of the English working class; Comparative
case studies of Britain, France, the German States and Russia; Evolution and Differentiation
of social classes: Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, land owning classes and peasantry; Changing
trends in demography and urban patterns; Cultural Implications: braiding trajectories of
economic, familial and social transformations in the wake of capitalist industrialisation;
Impact on everyday life.

Unit IV: Varieties of Nationalism and the Remaking of States in the 19th and 20th
Centuries

Intellectual currents, popular movements and the formation of national identities; Italian
Unification (1815-1871); Unification of Germany (1850-1871); Nationalism, Imperialism
and the First World War; Nationalist Identities and Movements in Ireland and the Balkans;
Economic development; Aftermath of the First World War; Causal Background of the
Second World War; The Interwar Period

Essential Readings

George Lefebvre, The Coming of the French Revolution (Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1947: translated by R.R. Palmer: reprinted, 2015)

George Rude, The French Revolution: Its Causes, Its History and Its Legacy After 200 Years
(New York: Grove Press, 1988, reprinted: paperback, 1994)

George Rude, Revolutionary Europe: 1783-1815 (Fontana, 1980, reprinted: Oxford: Wiley
Blackwell, 2001)

C.M. Cipolla (ed.), The Fontana Economic History of Europe (Fontana, 1975)

Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992)

David Thomson, Europe since Napoleon (Penguin Books, 1990)

A.J.P. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 1848-1918 (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1954)

Norman Davies, Europe: A History (United Kingdom: Random House, 2010)

James Joll, Europe since 1870: An International History (Penguin Books, 1990)

Gerald Brennan, The Spanish Labyrinth: An Account of the Social and Political Background
of the Civil War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014)

75
Eric J. Evans: The Forging of the Modern State: Early Industrial Britain, 1783-1870
(Longman, 2001, and London and New York: Routledge, 2001)

T.S. Hamerow: Restoration, Revolution and Reaction: Economics and Politics in Germany,
1815 – 1871 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966)

E.J. Hobsbawn: The Age of Revolution, 1789-1848 (reprinted United Kingdom: Hachette,
2010)

Lynn Hunt: Politics, Culture and Class in the French Revolution (Berkeley and Los Angeles:
University of California Press, 1984)
Derek Beales and E.F. Biagini, The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy (Longman,
2002)

David Landes, The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial

Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1969)

George Lichtheim, A Short History of Socialism (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970)

Peter Mathias, The First Industrial Nation: The Economic History of Britain, 1700-1914
(Hove, United Kingdom: Psychology Press, 1969)

Martin Kitchen, Europe between the Wars (London and New York: Routledge, 2006)

Philip Ziegler, Between the Wars, 1919-1939 (London: Maclehose Press, 2016)

Alec Nove: An Economic History of the USSR (Penguin Books: 1982)

Andrew Porter, European Imperialism, 1860-1914 (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave
Macmillan, 1994)

Anthony Wood, Europe: 1815 - 1960 (Longman: 1983)

Stuart Woolf, History of Italy, 1700 – 1860: The Social Constraints of Political Change
(London: Methuen, 1986)

Suggested Readings

G. Barraclough, An Introduction to Contemporary History (New York: Basic

Books, 1964)

Fernand Braudel, “History and the Social Sciences: The Longue Duree” in M.
Aymard and H. Mukhia (eds.) French Studies in History, Vol. I, The Inheritance
(London: Sangam Books, 1988)

H.J. Hanham, The Nineteenth Century Constitution, 1815 – 1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1969)

76
Charles and Barbara Jelavich, Establishment of the Balkan National States, 1840 –
1920 (Seattle and Washington, reprinted: 2000)

James Joll and Gordon Martel, The Origins of the First World War (Oxford and New York:
Routledge, 2013)

Jaon B. Landes: Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988)

David Lowenthal, The Past is a Foreign Country (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1985)

Nicholas Mansergh: The Irish Question, 1840 – 1921: A Commentary on Anglo-Irish

Relations and on Social and Political Forces in Ireland in the Age of Reform and Revolution
(Sydney: Allen and Unwin Limited, 1975)

K.O. Morgan, The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2009)

N.V. Riasanovsky and and Mark Steinberg, A History of Russia (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2010)

J.M. Roberts, Europe: 1880–1945 (London: Longmans, 1967; Second revised edition, 1970;
Third edition, 2000)

Lawrence Stone, “History and the Social Sciences in the Twentieth Century”, in
Past and the Present (1981)

Dorothy Thompson: Chartists: Popular Politics in the Industrial Revolution

(New York: Pantheon Books, 1984)

E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (London: Victor Gollancz Ltd.
1968, reprinted 1980)

H. Seton Watson, The Russian Empire (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988)

Raymond Williams, A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (New York: Oxford University
Press, 1985)

HIST C-12
HISTORY OF INDIA VII (c. 1750-1857)
UG III, SEMESTER V
Course Worth: 6 credits

Course description:

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This course explores the first century of British rule in India. It seeks to understand the
transition of the English East India Company from trade to territorial control and government.
It will examinationine the various processes through which the company became a state.
These include the political, economic, social and ideological transformations that attended
British expansion. Attention will be paid all through to the role of various groups of Indians
in both sustaining and challenging British colonialism.

Course themes and topics:

I. India in the mid-18th century: society, economy, polity and culture

(a) The eighteenth century in the world
(b) The decentralizing Mughal empire and the rise of regional successor states
(c) ‘Going Native’: Europeans in eighteenth-century India before the empire
(d) Historiographical debates

II. The expansion and consolidation of colonial power

(a) Regional successor states, Indian intermediaries and the East India Company
(b) Anglo-French imperial competition in India
(c) The ‘conquest’ of Indian states: Bengal, Mysore, the Marathas, Awadh,
Punjab, Sindh, Assam and Kashmir

III. The colonial state and its ideologies

(a) Orientalism, anglicism, utilitarianism, evangelicalism, and laissez faire
(b) Education and colonialism
(c) Racial discourses
(d) Instruments of colonial control: the army, the police and the law

IV. Economy and society

(a) Land revenue systems and agrarian relations
(b) Commercialization, indebtedness and famines
(c) Forests and pastoral economy
(d) The question of de-industrialization and foreign trade

V. Cultural transitions: social and religious reform movements

(a) Reform and revival: the Brahmo Samaj, the Dharma Sabha, the Faraizi
movement, and the Wahabi movement
(b) Debates around gender, caste and community: Sati, widow remarriage, female
infanticide, caste disabilities removal, and conversion

VI. Popular resistance

(a) Peasant and tribal rebellions: the Rangpur dhing (1783), the Bhil revolts
(1818-48), the Kol rebellion (1832), the Faraizi rising (1830s and 1840s), Sayyid
Ahmad of Rae Bareilly’s ‘jihad’ (1829-31), and the Santhal hool (1855)
(b) The revolt of 1857: the civilian rebellions and military mutinies, the course of
the rebellion, ideological strands, interpreting the revolt.

Essential readings:

Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar. From Plassey to Partition and After: A History of Modern India.
Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2014.

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 Bayly, C. A. Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire. The New Cambridge
History of India. Volume II.1.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Bose, Sugata and Ayesha Jalal. Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy.
Abingdon (Oxon) and New York: Routledge, 2017.

Habib, Irfan. Indian Economy Under Early British Rule 1757-1857: A People's History of
India 25.Delhi: Tulika, 2013.

Roy, Tirthankar. An Economic History of Early Modern India. London and New York:
Routledge, 2013.

Subramanian, Lakshmi. History of India, 1707-1857. Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2010.

Suggested readings:

Alavi, Seema, ed. The Eighteenth Century in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press,
2007.

Alavi, Seema. The Sepoys and the Company: Tradition and Transition in Northern India,
1770–1830. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Anderson, Michael R., “Islamic Law and the Colonial Encounter in British India” in
Institutions and Ideologies: A SOAS South Asia Reader, edited by David Arnold and Peter
Robb. London: Routledge, 1995.

Bayly, Susan. Caste Politics and Indian Society from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern
Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1999.

Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, ed. Rethinking 1857. Delhi: Orient Longman, 2007.

Bhadra, Gautam. “Four Rebels of 1857” in Ranajit Guha and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
Eds, Selected Subaltern Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Breckenridge, Carol A. and Peter van der Veer, eds. Orientalism and the Postcolonial
Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
1993.

Cohn, Bernard B. Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton
University Press, 1996.

Dirks, Nicholas B. Castes of Mind. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2001.

Dirks, Nicholas B. The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008.

Fuchs, Stephen. Rebellious Prophets: A Study of Messianic Movements in Indian Religions.

New York: Asia Publishing House, 1965.
Guha, Ranajit. Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India. New Delhi:

79
Oxford University Press, 1983.

Habib, Irfan. ed. Confronting Colonialism: Resistance and Modernization Under Haider
Ali and Tipu Sultan. Delhi: Anthem Press, 2002.

Jones, Kenneth. Socio-Religious Reform Movements in British India, New Cambridge History
of India, Vol.3.1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Kapila, Shruti, ed. An Intellectual History for India. Delhi: Cambridge University Press,2010.

Ludden, David, ed. Agricultural Production and South Asian History. New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 2005.

Mantena, Karuna. Alibis of Empire: Henry Maine and the Ends of Liberal Imperialism.
Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2010.

Marshall, Peter J., ed. The Eighteenth Century in Indian History: Evolution or Revolution?
New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Metcalf, Thomas. Ideologies of the Raj. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Mukherjee, Rudrangshu. Awadh in Revolt 1857-1858. New Delhi: Oxford University Press,
1984.

Parthasarathi, Prasannan. The Transition to a Colonial Economy: Weavers, Merchants and

Kings in South India, 1720-1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Roy, Tirthankar. The East India Company: The World’s Most Powerful Corporation.
Gurgaon: Portfolio/Penguin, 2016.

Raj, K.N. et. al, ed. Essays on the Commercialization of Indian Agriculture. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 1985.

Robb, Peter, ed. Dalit movements and the meanings of labour in India. New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1993.

Sangari, Kumkum and Sudesh Vaid. eds. Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History.
Delhi: Kali For Women, 1989.

Sarkar, Sumit, and Tanika Sarkar, eds. Women and Social Reform in India, Vols I & II.
Delhi: Permanent Black, 2007.

Sarkar, Sumit, and Tanika Sarkar, eds. Caste in Modern India: A Reader, Volume 1.
Ranikhet: Permanent Black, 2014.

Sen, Sunil Kumar. Peasant Movements in India, Mid-nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.
Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi and Co., 1982

Singha, Radhika. A Despotism of Law: Crime and Justice in Early Colonial India. New
Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998.

80
 Stein, Burton, ed. The Making of Agrarian Policy in British India, 1770-1900. Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1992.

Stern, Phillip. The Company-State: Corporate Sovereignty and the Early Modern
Foundations of the British Empire in India. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Stokes, Eric. The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in
Colonial India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.

Stokes, Eric. The Peasant Armed: The Indian Rebellion of 1857, edited by C.A. Bayly. New
Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Stokes, Eric. The English Utilitarians and India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Viswanathan, Gauri. Masks of Conquest: Literary Study and British Rule in India. New York:
Columbia University Press, 2015 reprint.

HIST DSE-1A
EPIGRAPHY AND NUMISMATICS IN ANCIENT INDIA
UG - III , SEMESTER – V
Course Worth: 6 Credits

1. Antiquity of Writing; Study of Seals, Sealings and Copper Plates; Eras in Ancient India.
2. Asokan Edicts: a) Major Rock Edicts I-IX, XII-XIV; b) Lumbini Inscription of Asoka c)
Minor Rock Edict of Bairat; the Administration of Asokan Empire, Asokan Dhamma,
Asoka as a Buddhist, the Extent of Asokan Empire.
Epigraph of the Mauryan Period: Mahasthan Stone Plaque Inscription of the Mauryan
Empire.
3. Epigraphs ascribable to c. 200 BCE- 300 CE: a) Besnagar Garuda Pillar Inscription of
Heliodorus, b) Naneghat Inscription of Naganika, c) Hathigumpha Cave Inscription of
Kharavela, d) Nasik Cave Inscription of Vasisthiputra Pulumavi e) Junagarh Rock
Inscription of Saka Ksatrapa Rudradamana f) Ara Inscription of Kaniska II.
4. Epigraphs of the Gupta and Later Gupta Periods: a) Allahabad Stone Pillar Inscription of
Samudragupta, b) Meharauli Iron Pillar Inscription of King Candra, c) Bhitari Stone
Inscription of Skandagupta, d) Mandasor Stone Inscription of Yasodharman, e) Apsad
Stone Inscription of Adityasena.
5. Post-Gupta Copper Plate Epigraphs: a) Banskhera Copper Plate of Harsa, b) Haraha
Copper Plate of Isanavarman c) Khalimpur Copper Plate of Dharmapala d) Nalanda

81
 Copper Plate Devapala, e) Deopada Copper Plate of Vijayasena f) Nidhanpur Copper Plate
of Bhaskaravarma g) Midnapur Copper Plate of Sasanka.
6. Coins as Source of History; Origin and Antiquity of Coinage in India
7. Techniques of Manufacturing Coins: the Punching Method, the Casting Method, the Die
Striking Method; Metrology: the Weight Standards.
8. Punch Marked Coins: Silver and Copper Coins; Janapada Coins: Kausambi Coins,
Ayodhya Coins, Kanauj Coins, Mathura Coins, Pancala Coins, Ujjain Coins, Eran Coins,
Padmavati Coins; Tribal Coins (the Malavas, the Yaudheyas, the Agras, the Asvakas, the
Kadas, the Kulatas, the Rajanyas, the Kunindas, the Audumbaras, the Arjunayanas, the
Sibis, etc.).
9. Dynastic Coins: Coinage of the Satavahans, the Indo-Greeks, the Saka-Pahlavas, the
Western Ksatrapas, the Kusanas, the Guptas.
10. Regional coins of the post-Gupta period.
Essential Reading:
Allan, J. 1936/ 1975 (reprint). Catalogue of the Coins of Ancient India, London/ New Delhi.
Altekar, A.S. 1957. Coinage of the Gupta Empire, Varanasi.
Bühler, G. 1962. Indian Palaeography, 2nd edition, Calcutta.
Chhabra, B.C. and G.S. Gai eds. 1981. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Volume III. Inscriptions of
the Early Gupta Kings. (revised), Delhi.
Dani, A. H. 1986/1997 (reprint). Indian Epigraphy, New Delhi.
Dasgupta, K. K. 1974. A Tribal History of Ancient India- A Numismatic Approach, Calcutta.
Deyell, John S. 1990. Living Without Silver: The Monetary History of Early Medieval North India,
Delhi.
Epigraphia Indica, Relevant Volumes.
Fleet, J.F. 1888. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Volume III. Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings
and Their Successors, Calcutta.
1907. Indian Epigraphy, the Inscriptional Bases of Indian Historical Research, Oxford.
Gupta, P.L. 1969. Indian Coins, Delhi.
1981. Coins: the Source of Indian History, Ahmedabad.
Hultzsch, E. 1925. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume I, Inscriptions of Asoka, Oxford.
Jha, A.K. and Dilip Rajgor 1994. Studies in the Coinage of the Western Ksatrapas, Nasik.
Jha, A.K. and S. Garg eds. 1995. Ex Moneta: Essays on Numismatics, History and Archaeology,
Nasik.
Lahiri, A.N. 1965. Corpus of Indo-Greek Coins, Calcutta.
Lahiri, Bela 1974. Indigenous States of North India, c. 200 BC – 20 AD, Calcutta.
Mahadevan, Iravatham 2003. Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century
AD, Cambridge.

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Majumdar, N. G. 2003. Inscriptions of Bengal: Containing Inscriptions of the Chandras, the
Varmans and the Senas, and Isvaraghosa and Damodara, Kolkata.
Mitra Sastri, A. ed. 1972. Coinage of the Satavahanas and Coins from Excavations, Nagpur.
Mukherjee, B.N. 1966. Media of Exchange in Early Medieval North India, Delhi.
1967. Studies in Kusana Genealogy and Chronology, Volume 1: The Kusana Genealogy, Calcutta.
1984. Studies in the Aramaic Edicts of Asoka, Calcutta.
Mukherjee, C. 1991. Gupta Numismatic Art: An Artistic and Iconographic Study, Delhi.
Narain, A.K. 1957. The Indo-Greeks, Oxford.
Narain, A.K. and L. Gopal eds. 1966. Semesterinar Papers on the Chronology of the Punch-Marked
Coins, Memoirs of the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology,
Varanasi.
Ojha, G. H. 1918/ 1993. (reprint) The Palaeography of India, New Delhi.
Ramesh, K. V. 1984. Indian Epigraphy, Volume I, Delhi.
Salomon, Richard 1998. Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit,
and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages, New Delhi.
Sircar, D.C. 1957. Inscriptions of Asoka, Delhi.
__________1965. Select Inscriptions Bearing on Indian History and Civilization, Calcutta.
__________1965. Indian Epigraphy, Delhi
__________1966. Indian Epigraphical Glossary, Delhi.
__________1968. Studies in Indian Coins, Delhi.
__________ed. 1970. Early Indian Indigenous Coins, Calcutta.
1982. Pal-Sen Yuger Vamsanucharit (in Bengali), Calcutta.
Smith, V.A. 1906. Catalogue of the Coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, Volume 1, Oxford.
Turner, Paula J. 1989. Roman Coins from India, London.

Suggested Readings:
Bhandarkar, D.R. 1925. Asoka, Calcutta.
Chattopadhyay, Bhaskar 1967. The Age of the Kushanas: A Numismatic Study, Calcutta.
Chattopadhyaya, B. D. 1977. Coins and Currency Systems in South India, c. AD 225-1300, Delhi.
________2003. Studying Early India: Archaeology, Texts and Historical Issues, New Delhi.
Cribb, J. ed. 1986. Money: From Cowrie Shells to Credit Cards, London.
__________2003. The Origins of the Indian Coinage Tradition. South Asian Studies 19: 1-19.
Goyal, S.R. 1995. The Coinage of Ancient India, Jodhpur.
Guillaume, Oliver 1990. Analysis of Reasonings in Archaeology: The Case of Graeco- Bactrian and
Indo-Greek Numismatics, New York.
Jha, A.K. ed. 1991. Coinage, Trade and Economy, Nasik.
Majumdar, R.C. and K.K.Dasgupta (eds.) 1981. A Comprehensive History of India, vol. 2 and 3,
Delhi.
Mukherjee, B.N. 1966. Media of Exchange in Early Medieval North India, Delhi.

83
Singh, U. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th
Century, Delhi.
Thaplyal, K.K. and P. Srivastava 1998. Coins of Ancient India, Lucknow.

HIST-DSE 1 B

HISTORY OF THE INDIAN OCEAN: 1500 TO THE PRESENT

UG- III, Semester- V

Course Worth: 6 credits

Unit I

Introduction and Theoretical Interrogations

Methodologies for exploring the multiple facets of the history of the Indian Ocean; location at
the heart of world history; beyond “marginal studies”; the Indian Ocean as an “interregional
arena” stringing together different countries, sites and populations within and beyond Asia
through lineages and legacies of explorations, trade and commerce, cultural flows, labour
movement, and migrations; reversing the traditional angle of maritime history and looking
from the sea to its shores by exploring the ocean’s impact on the land through trade, culture,
naval power, travel and scientific exploration; provides comparative insight into processes,
structures and events occurring in other oceanic spaces, to excavate the unique historical
dimensions of the Indian Ocean; exploring ways in which the history of the Indian Ocean
operates within twin frames of (1) historical particularism (cultural distinctiveness despite
cultural cosmopolitanism); and (2) unifying connectivities within webs of global
entanglement; connecting genealogies and legacies of the pre-1500 period with post-1500
events and processes; ways in which ancient bonds are linked to modern unities; explorations
of the significance of Western presences, colonial comparisons, and Asian nationalisms; new
insights into the interplay of intra-Asian voices and agencies; how such agency has shaped
the ideational and empirical contours of an “emerging Asia” or an awakening Asia within the
wider discourse of Asia and the world; dynamics of place-making and the forging of
connected spaces across the Indian Ocean, which combined different oceanic regions such as
the Bay of Bengal and various sites studding the oceanic space; how these thematic
explorations are dealt with by melding methodologies of social, cultural, economic, political
and intellectual history, as well as perspectives of ecological and environmental studies and
historical geography, photographic representations and cartographic portrayals.

Unit II

European Presences: The Indian Ocean as a Battleground for Empires

Genesis and development of colonisation on the oceanic rim from the sixteenth century; the
Indian Ocean became as a battleground for imperial powers; arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch,
British and French powers: how their voyages were shaped by monsoons and flows of human
migrations; consonance and dissonance between the roles of imperial actors and earlier

84
lineages of oceanic unities (pre-1500) forged by the Hindu-Buddhist Srivijaya and Chola
cultures; how earlier connections of material life, political / military organisation, economic
networks, and socio-religious ideology which were forged ever since the eighth century,
impact later connectivities during the imperial period?; debate about whether the organic
unity of the Indian Ocean was ruptured after the construction of imperial boundaries;
emerging challenges, comparisons and connections, and the question of “marginalisation” of
interregional oceanic history into narrow limits of mere “area studies”; contrasting springs
and dynamics that lay behind imperial scrambles for political and economic power in the
Indian Ocean; the relationship of the latter with Asian indigeneities; roles of Asian actors
play during the waxing and waning of empires in the Indian Ocean

Unit III

Trade, Commerce, and Labour Flows

Supralocal Asian trade and capital; fitting Asia into conventional frameworks of imperial
trade / commerce; comparing the two; Southeast Asia forming the hub of Asian trading
networks ever since the fifteenth century; pulsating and jostling markets in Malacca, Aceh,
Banten and Manila; how interregional commercial networks were created through (a) rice-
rubber connections spanning India and Southeast Asia, (b) connectivities between India and
East Africa, (c) quests for pearl and oil connecting India and the Middle East; significant
labour flows, especially from India; the driving force of European capital from the sixteenth
century to the present; criss-crossing of earlier trading trajectories with later ones, which
emerged from quests for coffee, rice and rubber, and transformed Singapore and Penang to
major port cities; circulatory migrations of indentured labour within comparative frameworks
of (a) labour flows to the Atlantic and the Pacific, and (b) movement of free white labour to
the dominions; perspectives of ‘subaltern’ and labour histories.

Unit IV

Mapping Migrations: Paradigms of Ecological, Environmental and Social History

Migrations across the oceanic space; deployment of interdisciplinary prism integrating human
and environmental history, and anthropological insight, challenging the stereotyping of the
Bay of Bengal as a ‘British lake’; connections between different oceanic arenas through
migrants’ maps; links with integrations of societies, cultures, and religious sensibilitie;
interactions between Hindu migrants and settlers and Islamicised societies of Malaysia and
Singapore; dynamics through which polyglot cultural bazaars developed; migrant waves
connecting Trincomalee, Madras, Calcutta, Rangoon, Penang, Malacca and Singapore;
diasporic discourses: comparisons between Indian migrations and those from other oceanic
countries, thus linking diasporas on the Indian Ocean rim; prolematising the “the powers and
limits of human agency” in shaping the environmental destiny of the Ocean

Unit V

85
Frontiers in Flux: Cultural Flows, Religious Commonalties: The Examinationple of
‘Greater India’

The moving and vanished “frontiers” of the ocean; interface between cultural
cosmopolitanism and cultural diversity, through analyses of religious commonalties and
social harmonies; pilgrim- pathways of Hindu as well as Muslim scholar-pilgrims (such as
Khwaja Hasan Nizami) illuminating connectivities between Indian (Hindu) and Islamic
religio-cultural formations; reconfiguration of the ocean as a poetic and literary space;
shifting cartographies, and liminal / permeable boundaries, which challenged colonial-
imperial, and later, nationalist borders; breaking the “cultural colonisation” stereotype of
‘Greater India’, challenges to the thesis of the “hegemonisation” of Southeast Asian cultures;
Southeast Asian agencies in Indian oceanic cultural histories through “Eutychian fusion”;
two-way interactive flow: emergence of an internally-differentiated cultural discourse and
connected spaces (through place-making)

Unit VI

From Nationalism to Transnationalism: Comparing South, Southeast and East Asian

Experiences

Anticolonial imagination and nationalist movements in various countries on the oceanic rim;
the ocean acted as a site for connecting and comparing nationalist experiences of South,
Southeast and East Asia; mediations of the idea of the nation between levels of the ‘global’
and ‘local’; the dynamics of intersecting, often diasporic patriotisms; the nature of the
interplay between nationalism and universalism; studying the experiences of Mahatma
Gandhi (in South Africa) and Subhash Chandra Bose (in Southeast Asia) within a
comparative grid of connected nationalist histories; comparisons between Indian nationalist
experiences with cultural nationalisms and symbolisms of Southeast Asian nationalisms
mirrored in organisations such as the Budi Utomo; links between political leaders: Sukarno,
Suharto, and Indian nationalists; development of transnationalist networks which transcended
the boundaries of newly-emerging nation-states

Unit VII

Oceanic Futures: Intra-Asian Connectivity in Frames of Globalisation

Relating the history of the Indian Ocean to contemporary events and processes, to open a
window to oceanic futures; the Indian Ocean’s unique strategic and geopolitical significance
which is central to understandings of today’s intra-Asian and global entanglements; links
between historical oceanic genealogies and modern connectivities; a differentiated
universalism connected with perspectives of globalisation; reconigurations of oceanic
linkages to offer interpretive strategies which can successfully mediate postcolonial
fragmentation and separatisms operating at both intra-Asian and global levels; the Indian
Ocean as a “vanishing world”? since the 1970s?; keys to solving the many challenges facing
Asia and the world by nuanced explorations of the many histories of the Indian Ocean;
devising new modes of connectivity in the Indian Ocean world.

86
Essential Readings

M. N. Pearson, The Indian Ocean (London: Routledge, 2003), pp.12-27; 28-45

Ashin Dasgupta and M.N. Pearson (eds.), India and the Indian Ocean, 1500-1800 (Calcutta:
Oxford University Press), pp. 11, 13-14, 39-42

Sugata Bose, A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire (Harvard
University Press, and Delhi: Permanent Black, 2006)

K.N. Chaudhuri, Asia before Europe: Economy and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean from the
Rise of Islam to 1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990)

Geoffrey Vaughn Scammell, The First Imperial Age, European Overseas Expansion c. 1400–
1715 (1997)

E.T. Jennings, Perspectives on French Colonial Madagascar (Basingstoke and New York:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2017)

E.A. Alpers and B. Schnepel (eds.), Connectivity in Motion (Basingstoke and New York:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2018)

Pedro Machado, Ocean of Trade: South Asian Merchants, Africa and the Indian Ocean, c.
1750-1850 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014)

K.N. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the
Rise of Islam to 1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985)

C.A. Bayly, “Archaic and Modern Globalization in the Eurasian and African Arena, c. 1750-
1850”, in A.G. Hopkins (ed.), Globalisation in World History (London: Pimlico, 2002)

Isabel Hofmeyr, “The Complicating Sea: The Indian Ocean as Method”, Comparative Studies
of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, Volume 32, Number 3 (2012)

Claude Markovits, The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750-1947: Traders of Sind from
Bukhara to Panama (Cambridge University Press, 2000)

Sunil S. Amrith, Crossing the Bay of Bengal: The Furies of Nature and the Fortunes of
Migrants (Harvard University Press, 2013)

Richard B. Allen, “Indian Ocean Transoceanic Migration, 16th–19th Century” in The

Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration (Blackwell Publishing Limited, 2013)

Susan Bayly, “Imagining ‘Greater India’: French and Indian Visions of Colonialism in the
Indic Mode”, Modern Asian Studies, Volume 38, Number 3 (2004), pp. 703-744

87
Paul Wheatley, “Presidential Address: India Beyond the Ganges: Desultory Reflections on
the Origins of Civilisation in Southeast Asia”, Journal of Asian Studies, Volume 42, Number
1 (1982) pp. 13-28

Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space, translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith, (Oxford:

Blackwell, 1991)

Peter van der Veer (ed.), Nation and Migration: The Politics of Space in the Indian Diaspora
(University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995)

Ramdev Bhardwaj, Sukarno and Indonesian Nationalism (1997)

Michael Leifer (ed.), Asian Nationalism (Routledge, 2000): Chapters: Michael Yahuda, “The
Changing Faces of Chinese Nationalism”; Michael Leifer, “The Changing Temper of
Indonesian Nationalism”

George McTurnan Kahin, Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia (SEAP Publications,

1952), pp. 64-100

Steven Vertovec, Transnationalism (Routledge, 2009)

Tim Harper and Sunil Amrith (eds.), Sites of Asian Interaction: Ideas, Networks and Mobility
(Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 2014)

Himanshu Prabha Ray and Edward A. Alpers (eds.), Cross Currents and Community
Networks: The History of the Indian Ocean World (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2007)

Kenneth McPherson, The Indian Ocean: A History of People and the Sea (Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1993)

Edward A. Alpers, The Indian Ocean in World History (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2014)

Suggested Readings

Om Prakash, The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, 1630-1720 (Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 1988)

David Abernethy, The Dynamics of Global Dominance: European Overseas Empires 1415–
1980 (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000)

Robert Aldrich, Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion (1996) [for French
colonies in the Indian Ocean: Île de Bourbon (Réunion, 1664), Isle de France (Mauritius,
1718), and the Seychelles (1756)]

Pier Larson, Ocean of Letters: Language and Creolization in an Indian Ocean Diaspora
(Cambridge, 2009), pp. 293-348

88
Ellen Laipson and Amit Pandya (eds.), Migration Challenges in the Indian Ocean Littoral
(The Henry L. Stimson Centre, 2010). Chapters: (i) Deepti Mahajan, ‘No Land’s Man:
Migration in a Changing Climate’; (ii) Ellen Laipson, ‘The Enduring Migration Story and its
21st Century Variants’

C.J. Christie, “British Literary Travellers in Southeast Asia in an Era of Colonial Retreat”,
Modern Asian Studies, Volume 28, Number 4 (1994), pp. 673-737

Vinesh Y. Hookoomsing and Sandra Evers, Globalisation and the South West Indian Ocean
(International Institute for Asian Studies, University of Mauritius, 2000), pp. 31-43

Rajat Kanta Ray, “Asian Capital in the Age of European Domination: The Rise of the Bazaar,
1800-1914”, Modern Asian Studies, Volume 29, Number 3 (1995), pp. 449-554

Aparajita Biswas, “European Slave Routes in the Indian Ocean”, Working Paper Number 10,
University of Bombay
[http://www.mu.ac.in/arts/social_science/african_studies/wp10.pdf]

Rabindranath Tagore, “Fulfillment”, in Purabi (Calcutta: Visvabharati, 1925), pp. 67-69

Suniti Kumar Chattopadhyay, Rabindra Sangame Dvipmoy Bharat O Syam Desh (Calcutta:
Popular Prakashan, 1940)

Kalidas Nag, Discovery of Asia (Calcutta: Papyrus, 1993)

Sisir Kumar Bose, Alexander Werth and S.A. Ayer (eds.), A Beacon Across Asia: A
Biography of Subhas Chandra Bose (Orient Longman, 1973)

HIST-DSE 1C

SOCIO-RELIGIOUS CHANGE IN NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURY

SOUTH ASIA
UG- III, Semester- V

Course Worth: 6 credits

Units 1: Introductory comments on key conceptual categories, viz. socio-religious change;

socio-religious reform; religious revivalism/ revitalisation; the individual, the community and
religious authority in precolonial, colonial and post-colonial periods.

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Unit 2: Orientalist scholarship, pedagogic exercises, and global trends: British and German
Orientalism(s) as case studies; the development of ‘Indology’ and ‘Comparative Religion’
framework; intellectual networks and knowledge communities in precolonial and colonial
South Asia; processes of institutionalisation; the 1893 moment: World’s Parliament of
Religions.

Unit 3: Religion as a key identity marker: from ‘fuzzy’ to ‘enumerated’ communities;

colonial classificatory tools; the production, consumption and appropriation of knowledge.

Unit 4: Christianity and the religion of the ‘Hindoos’; Christian missionary traditions and
early socio-religious reform/ revivalism emanating from within the ‘Hindu’ folds in the
nineteenth century, e.g. the Brahmo Samaj, the Prarthana Samaj, neo-Vedantism etc.

Unit 5: Religious authority and community issues among the Parsis; religio-legal
entanglements and the Parsi Punchayat.

Unit 6: Christianity and Islam; Understanding ‘Islam’: from the ‘Muhammadan controversy’
to ‘the spirit of Islam’ (Sir Sayyid Ameer Ali); ecumenical and sectarian social reform
ventures, e.g. the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College initiative in Aligarh and Shia
reformist initiative in Amroha respectively; other contemporaneous socio-religious reform
and revivalist movements, such as: Darul Uloom Hind, Deoband; Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat, or
the Barelvi movement; the Farangi Mahallis’ initiative in Lucknow; the Ahl I Hadith and the
Ahl I Quran movements; conceptualising ‘religious thought’ in Islam (Sir Muhammad Iqbal).

Unit 7: Theravada Buddhism: Orientalist ‘discovery’; reform or revival?; religion or social

service?; training the body; spiritualism, nationalism, sites and scriptures, and towards a new
Buddhist subject-citizen; transregional socio-religious networks.

Unit 8: Religious reform and revivalist movements and the political interface: e.g. the Arya
Samaj movement; the Akali or the Gurudwara Reform movement among the Sikhs etc.

Essential Readings:
Philip C. Almond, The British Discovery of Buddhism (Cambridge, 1988)
C. A. Bayly, The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914 (Oxford, 2004)
Gwilym Beckerlegge, Swami Vivekananda’s Legacy of Service: A Study of the Ramakrishna
Math and Mission (New Delhi, 2000)

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Donald H. Bishop, ‘Religious Confrontation, a Case Study: The 1893 Parliament of
Religions’, Numen (April 1969), pp. 63-76
Esther Bloch, Marianne Keppens & Rajaram Hegde (eds), Rethinking Religion in India: The
Colonial Construction of Hinduism (London & New York, 2011 [2010])
G. D. Bond, The Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka (Columbia, SC, 1988)
Carol A. Breckenridge & Peter van der Veer (eds), Orientalism and the Postcolonial
Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia (Philadelphia, 1993)
Daniel Brown, Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought (Cambridge, 1999 [1996])
Bernard S. Cohn, ‘The Census, Social Structure and Objectification in South Asia’, Id. An
Anthropologist Among Historians and Other Essays (New Delhi, 2006 [1987]), pp. 224- 254
Faisal Devji, ‘Apologetic Modernity’, Modern Intellectual History, 4, 1 (2007), pp. 61-76
Penny Edwards, ‘Grounds for Protest: Placing Shwedagon Pagoda in Colonial and
Postcolonial History’, Postcolonial Studies, 9, 2 (2006), pp. 197-211
Martin Forward, ‘Syed Ameer Ali: A Bridge-Builder?’, Islam and Christian-Muslim
Relations, 6, 1 (1995), pp. 45-62
Mark Frost, ‘Wider Opportunities: Religious Revival, Nationalist Awakening and Global
Dimension in Colombo, 1870-1920’, Modern Asian Studies, 36, 4 (2002), pp. 937-967
Ushan Sanyal, David Gilmartin and Sandria B. Freitag (eds), Muslim Voices: Community and
Self in South Asia (New Delhi, 2013)
R. F. Gombrich, Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern
Colombo (London, 1988)
Nile Green, Bombay Islam: The Religious Economy of the West Indian Ocean, 1840-1915
(New York, 2011)
J.S. Grewal, The Sikhs: Ideology, Institutions and Identity (New Delhi, 2009)
J.S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab (The New Cambridge History of India II.3) (New Delhi,
2014 [1994])
John R. Hinnells & Alan Williams (eds), Parsis in India and the Diaspora (London & New
York, 2008)
Ayesha Jalal, Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since
1850 (London & New York, 2000)
Kenneth W. Jones, Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th Century Punjab (Berkeley,
Los Angeles, London, 1976)
――, Socio-Religious Reform Movements in British India (New Cambridge History of India
III.1) (Cambridge, 1989)
Justin Jones, Shiʻa Islam in Colonial India: Religion, Community and Sectarianism
(Cambridge, 2012)

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Sudipta Kaviraj, ‘The Imaginary Institution of Ideas’ in Id., The Imaginary Institution of
India: Politics and Ideas (New Delhi, 2012 [2010]), pp. 167-209
Richard King, Orientalism and Religion: Postcolonial Theory, India and the Mystic East
(New Delhi, 1999)
David Kopf, The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind (Princeton,
1979)
――, ‘Hermeneutics versus History’ (Review of Edward Said, Orientalism), Journal of
Asian Studies, 39, 3 (1980), pp. 495-506
Eckehard Kulke, The Parsees in India: A Minority as Agent of Social Change (New Delhi,
1975)
David Lelyveld, Aligarh’s First Generation: Muslim Solidarity in British India (New Delhi,
1996 [1978])
Donald S. Lopez, (ed.). Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism under Colonialism
(Chicago & London, 1995)
Tanya M. Luhrmann, The Good Parsi: The Fate of a Colonial Elite in Postcolonial Society
(Cambridge, MA, 1996)
Javed Majeed, Muhammad Iqbal: Islam, Aesthetics and Postcolonialism (London, New York
& New Delhi, 2008)
Suzanne L. Marchand, German Orientalism in the Age of Empire: Religion, Race, and
Scholarship (Cambridge & New York, 2009)
Tomoko Masuzawa, The Invention of World Religions, Or, how European Universalism was
Preserved in the Language of Pluralism (Chicago & London, 2005)
Thomas R. Metcalf, Ideologies of the Raj (The New Cambridge History of India III.4) (New
Delhi, 2010 [1998])
Barbara Daly Metcalf, Rafiuddin Ahmad, & Mushirul Hasan, India’s Muslims: An Omnibus,
[Comprising: B.D. Metcalf, Islamic Revival in British India, Deoband, 1860-1900; Rafiuddin
Ahmad, The Bengal Muslims, 1871-1906: The Quest for Identity; Mushirul Hasan, Legacy of
a Divided Nation: Indian Muslims Since Independence] (New York/ New Delhi, 2007)
Jack Miles (General Editor), The Norton Anthology of World Religions, Vol I [Hinduism,
Buddhism, Daoism] & Vol. II [Judaism, Christianity, Islam] (New York & London, 2015)
Andrew J. Nicholson, Unifying Hinduism: Philosophy and Identity in Indian Intellectual
History (New Delhi, 2011 [2010])
Jesse S. Palsetia, The Parsis of India: Preservation of Identity in Bombay City (Leiden &
Boston, 2001)
Francis Robinson, The ‘Ulama of the Farangi Mahall and Islamic Culture in South Asia
(London, 2001)
――, Islam and Muslim History in South Asia (New Delhi, 2012 [2000])
Edward Said, Orientalism (New Delhi, 2006 [1977])

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R.H. Seager (ed.), The Dawn of Religious Pluralism: Voices from the World's Parliament of
Religions, 1893. La Salle, Ill., 1993
Usha Sanyal, Devotional Islam and Politics in British India: Ahmed Riza Khan Barelwi and
His Movement, 1870-1920 (New Delhi, 1996)
Sumit Sarkar, ‘Vidyasagar and Brahmanical Society’ & ‘Kaliyuga, Chakri and Bhakti:
Ramakrishna and His Times’ in Id. Writing Social History (New Delhi, 2013 [1997]), pp.
216-357
Amiya Prosad Sen, Three Essays on Ramakrishna and His Times (Shimla, 2001)
Peter van der Veer, Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India and Britain (New
Delhi, 2006 [2001])
Shin’ichi Yoshinaga, ‘Three Boys on a Great Vehicle: “Mahayana Buddhism” and a Trans-
National Network’, Contemporary Buddhism: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 14, 1 (2013), pp.
52-65
Eric J. Ziolkowski (ed.), A Museum of Faiths: Histories and Legacies of the 1893 World's
Parliament of Religions (Atlanta, Georgia, 1993)

Suggested Readings:
Vishwa P. Adluri, ‘Pride and Prejudice: Orientalism and German Indology’, International
Journal of Hindu Studies, 15, 3 (2011), pp. 253-292
Anne M. Blackburn, Locations of Buddhism: Colonialism and Modernity in Sri Lanka
(Chicago & London, 2010)
Faisal Devji, Muslim Zion: Pakistan as a Political Idea (Cambridge, MA, 2012)
Thomas David DuBois (ed.), Casting Faiths: Imperialism and the Transformation of Religion
in East and Southeast Asia (London, 2009)
David Germano & Kevin Trainor, Embodying the Dharma: Buddhist Relic Veneration in
Asia (Albany, 2004)
Peter Gottschalk, Religion, Science, and Empire: Classifying Hinduism and Islam in British
India (New York, 2013)
Nile Green, ‘The Global Occult: An Introduction’, History of Religions, 54, 4 (2015), pp.
383-393.
Gail Minault, Secluded Scholars: Women’s Education and Muslim Social Reform in Colonial
India (New Delhi, 1998)
Julian Schobar, ‘Buddhist Just Rule and Burmese National Culture: State Patronage of the
Chinese Tooth Relic in Myanmar’, History of Religions, 36 (1997), pp. 218–43
Robert H. Sharf, ‘On the Allure of Buddhist Relics’, Representations, 66 (1999), pp. 75-99
Jyotirmaya Sharma, Cosmic Love and Human Apathy: Swami Vivekananda’s Restatement of
Religion (Noida, London etc., 2013)

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 HIST-DSE 1D
HISTORY OF MODERN EAST ASIA-I (c. 1840-1949)
UG- III, Semester- V
Course Worth: 6 credits

Course themes and topics:

I. Imperialism and China during the 19th Century:

(a) Chinese feudalism: Gentry, bureaucracy and peasantry; the Confucian value system; Sino-
centrism; China's pre- modern economy; the Canton commercial system.

(b) Colonial penetration in China; The transformation of China into an informal colony; the
Opuim Wars; the Unequal Treaties; the scramble for concessions; rise of comprador; Finance
Imperialism; the Open Door Policy.

(c) Agrarian and Popular Movements: Taiping and Yi Ho Tuan.

(d) Attempts at Self-Strengthening (Tzu-chiang): Reforms of 1860-95; 1898; and 1901-08

ii. The Emergence of Nationalism in China

(a) The Revolution of 1911: Causes, nature and significance; the social composition of the
Revolution; Sun Yat-sen and his contribution; the formation of the Republic; Yuan Shih Kai;
Warlordism.

(b) May Fourth Movement of 1919: Nature and significance

II. History of China (c 1919-1949):

(i) Nationalism & Communism in China (1921-1937)

(a) Formation of CCP; and the Kuomintang (National Party of KMT)

(b) The First United Front; The Kuomingtang-Communist Conflict

(ii) The Communist Movement (1938-1949)

(i) The Jiangxi Period and the rise of Mao Tse Tung; The Chinese Revolution (1949) and the
establishment of the Peoples' Republic of China

Essential Readings:

John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, CHINA, A New History, The Belknap Press of
Havard University Press, 2006

Nathaniel Peffer, The Far East: A Modern History, University of Michigan Press, 1950

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Y. Immanuel Hsu, The Rise of Modern China, O.U.P., 1989

John K.Fairbank et al – East Asia: The Modern Transformation (London, George Allen &
Unwin, 1965

John K. Fairbank (ed), The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 12: Republic China, 1912-
1949, Part-1, Cambridge University Press, 1983

Lloyd E. Eastman, Jerome Ch’en, Suzanne Pepper, Lyman P. Van Slyke, The Nationalist Era
in China, 1927-1949, Cambridge University Press, 2010

Fitzgerald C.P. – Birth of Communist China (Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1964

H. Vinacke, A History of the Far East in Modern Times, George Allen and Unwin, 6th Ed,
London, 1960

Suggested Readings:

George M. Beckman, Modernization of China and Japan

Lucien Bianco, Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915-1949

Harold Z. Schifrin, Sun Yat-Sen and the Origin of the Chinese Revolution

Rana Mitter, Modern China: A Very Short Introduction, O.U.P., 2016

Elinor Burns, British Imperialism in China, 1926

Lloyd E. Eastman, Family, Fields and Ancestors, Constancy and Change in China’s Social
and Economic History, 1550-1949, Oxford University Press, 1988

Philip Richardson, Economic Change in China, c. 1800-1950, Cambridge University Press,

1999

HIST DSE 1E
THE JEWS: A GLOBAL HISTORY, FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE
PRESENT
UG- III, Semester- V
Course Worth: 6 credits

Contents
The Jews are the quintessential minority in world history and also the first for whom the term
Diaspora was used. Their history not only enables us to look at the history of the world from
the point of view of the persecuted and the oppressed but also gives us an insight into

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Diaspora, its functioning and its relation with its land of origin. The course promises to
facilitate this.

1. Biblical Times
1.1 Patriarchal Age
1.2 First Commonwealth/First Temple Period (1200-586 BCE)

2. Second Commonwealth/Second Temple Period (586 BCE – 70 CE)

3. Jews of the East

4. Middle Ages in Europe

5. Jews of Eastern Europe (Ashkenazim)

6. Modern Age
 Zionism
 Holocaust
 State of Israel

7. Jews in India
a. Communities: Bene Israel, Cochini and Baghdadi
b. Judaizing Movements: B’nei Menashe, B’nei Ephraim and the Chettiars
c. Jewish Refugees in India

8. Indo-Israeli Relations

9. Indian Jews in Israel

10. Judaizing Movements

 Igbo of Nigeria
 Lemba of South Africa
 Abuyudaya of Uganda

Essential Readings
Albright, W F, “New Egyptian Data on Palestine in the Patriarchal Age”, Bulletin of the
American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 81 (Feb 1941), pp. 16-21
Bartal, Israel, The Jews of Eastern Europe, 1772-1881, trans. Chaya Naor, University of
Pennsylvania Press, 2006
Bartlett, John R, Archaeology and Biblical Interpretation, Routledge, 1997.
Blarel, Nicolas, The Evolution of India’s Israel Policy: Continuity, Change and
Compromise Since 1922 (2015)

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Chazan, Robert, Reassessing Jewish Life in Medieval Europe, Cambridge University
Press, 2010
Gilbert, Martin, Israel: A History, 1998
Gilbert, Martin, The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe during the Second World
War (1985)
Gordon, Cyrus H, “The Patriarchal Age”, Journal of Bible and Religion, Vol 21, No 4
(Oct 1953), pp. 238-243
Gordon, Cyrus H, “The Patriarchal Narratives”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol 13,
No 1 (Jan 1954), pp 56-59
Grayzel, Solomon, A History of the Jews (1968)
Hodes, Joseph, From India to Israel (2014)
Iaqueur, I A, A History of Zionism (1972)
Israel, Benjamin J, The Jews of India (1998)
Kling, David W, The Bible in History: How the Texts Have Shaped the Times, OUP, 2004
Kohen, Elli, History of the Turkish Jews and Sephardim: Memories of a Past Golden Age,
University Press of America, 2007
Kumaraswamy, P R, India’s Israel Policy (2010)
Lipstadt, Deborah E, Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory
(1993)
Mundill, Robin R, England’s Jewish Solution: Experiment and Expulsion, 1262-1290,
Cambridge University Press, 1998
Naveh, Joseph, “Hebrew Graffiti from the First Temple Period”, Israel Exploration
Journal, Vol 51, No 2 (2001), pp. 194-207
Parfitt, Tudor, and Emanuela Semesteri, Judaising Movements: Studies in the Margins of
Judaism in Modern Times (Routledge Jewish Studies Series), Routledge, 2013
Roland, Joan G, The Jewish Communities of India: Identity in a Colonial Era, Second
Edition (1998)
Sacchi, Paolo, The History of the Second Temple Period, Bloomsbury, New York, 2010
Sacchi, Paolo, The History of the Second Temple Period, T.& T.Clark Ltd, 2004
Stillman, Norman A, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, The Jewish
Publication Society of America, 1979

Suggested Readings

Aafreedi, Navras Jaat, Jews, Judaizing Movements and the Traditions of Israelite
Descent in South Asia (2016)
Bhatti, Anil and Johannes H. Voigt, Jewish Exile in India: 1931-1945 (1999)
Egorova, Yulia and Shahid Perwez, The Jews of Andhra Pradesh (2015)
Egorova, Yulia, Jews and India: Image and Perceptions
Elias, Flower and Judith Elias Cooper, The Jews of Calcutta (1974)
Hyman, Mavis, Jews of the Raj (1995)
Israeli, Raphael, Old Historians, New Historians, No Historians: The Derailed
Debate on the Genesis of Israel, 2016
Kalmin, Jewish Babylonia between Persia and Roman Palestine: Decoding the
Literary Record, OUP, 2006
Katz, Nathan, ed., Studies of Indian Jewish Identity (1995)

97
 Katz, Nathan, et al, ed., Indo-Judaic Studies in the Twentieth Century (2007)
Lev, Shimon, Soulmates: The Story of Mahatma Gandhi and Hermann Kallenbach
(2012)
Silliman, Jael, Jewish Portraits, Indian Frames: Women’s Narratives from a
Diaspora of Hope (2001)
Singh, Maina Chawla, Being Indian, Being Israeli: Migration, Ethnicity and Gender
in the Jewish Homeland (2009)
Timberg, Thomas, Jews in India
Yahil, Leni, The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry (1990)
Grabbe, Lester L, An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of
the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel and Jesus, T&T Clark, 2010

HIST-DSE 2A

ASIAN INTERACTIONS, c. 1500s-1960s

UG- III, SEMESTER- V

Course Worth: 6 credits

Unit 1: Prefatory Notes on Concepts & Methods:

Conceptualisng interactions, encounters, and connected histories; Ideas of ‘empire(s)’,

frontiers and borderlands; Conceptual models of ‘connected’ histories and related analytical
frameworks; Diverse forms of transregional interactions in the period under review.

Unit 2: Interactions, Networks, and Transregional Mobilities:

Conceptualising ‘Asia’ as a geographical as well as socio-cultural unit; Problematizing

complexities along cultural, religious, political and social lines; Discourses of
interconnectedness: socio-political, religio-cultural, and commercial.

Unit 3: Society and Politics over the Centuries:

Diverse socio-political processes and interactions in the wider transregional contexts;

Problematizing interactions, encounters, issues related to migrations and diasporas; Regional
articulations of key issues in society and politics, their continuities and breaks over the
centuries. Case studies may include, but is not restricted to: the Perso-Indian world and its
diverse networks; colonial interventions in different parts of Asia; the transcolonial world of
the British Empire and its networks; transoceanic and overland political networks across the
Indian Ocean and the trans-Himalayan regions (e.g. South Asians in Afro-Asian arenas and
Tibet); political integration contra discourses of insularity (e.g. conceptualising zomia).

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Unit 4: Trade and Commerce over the Centuries:

Different aspects of politico-economic and commercial activities; The shift from the ‘pre-
modern’ to the ‘modern’ and structural changes in society and politics; Evolution of different
ideas of state and empire; Colonial interventions in different scales and nature. Nature of
trade and commerce with reference to overland routes through oceanic networks can include
(albeit not restricted to) key conceptual and illustrative cases such as the Silk Road, with its
different aspects (political, cultural, religious, in addition to the commercial) through
transoceanic commercial and religious networks and diasporas (e.g. Indian labour in
Southeast Asia or Hadhrami networks in Southeast Asia or Khoja Ismailis in East Africa).

Unit 5: Religion and Culture: Transregional Flows and Networks:

Complexities of Asian religio-cultural formations, institutions, and processes stretching from

East through Southeast, Central, South and West Asia; Religio-Cultural Networks;
Continuities and ruptures and the passage from the ‘early modern’ to the ‘modern’.
Illustrative case studies may include socio-religious and cultural formations in the Perso-
Indian world, religious diasporas, intra-Asian religio-cultural networks in the wake of, inter
alia, colonial modernity, religious reforms and revivalism.

Essential Readings:

Sunil Amrith, ‘Tamil Diasporas across the Bay of Bengal’, The American Historical Review,
114, 3 (2009), pp. 547-572.

Sunil Amrith, Migration and Diaspora in Modern Asia (Cambridge, 2011).

Vibha Arora, Routing the Commodities of the Empire through Sikkim (1817-1906),
Commodities of Empire Working Paper No. 9, ISSN 1756-0098.

Amitav Acharya, ‘Asia is Not One’, The Journal of Asian Studies, 69, 4 (2010), pp. 1001-
1013.

Muzaffar Alam & Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Indo-Persian Travels in the Age of Discoveries,
1400-1800 (Cambridge, 2010).

Muzaffar Alam, Languages of Political Islam in India, c. 1200-1800 (New Delhi/ Ranikhet,
2004).

Seema Alavi, Muslim Cosmopolitanism in the Age of Empire (Cambridge, MA & London,
2015).

C.A. Bayly, Birth of the Modern World (Malden, MA etc., 2004).

Susan Bayly, ‘Imagining “Greater India”: French and Indian Visions of Colonialism in the
Indic Mode’, Modern Asian Studies, 38, 3 (2004), pp. 703-44.

Rustom Bharucha, Another Asia: Rabindranath Tagore & Okakura Tenshin (New Delhi,
2006).

99
Sugata Bose, A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire
(Cambridge, MA & London, 2006).

Lezlee Brown Halper & Stefan Halper, Tibet: An Unfinished Story (London, 2014).

Jane Burbank & Frederick Cooper, Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of
Difference (Princeton, NJ & Oxford, 2010).

K.N. Chaudhuri, Asia Before Europe: Economy and Civilisation of the Indian Ocean from the
Rise of Islam to the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge, 1990).

Prasenjit Duara, ‘The Discourse of Civilization and Pan-Asianism’, Journal of World History,
12, 1 (2001), pp. 99-130.

Prasenjit Duara, ‘Asia Redux: Conceptualising a Region for Our Times’, The Journal of
Asian Studies, 69, 4 (2010), pp. 963-983.

Richard Eaton, Munis D. Faruqui, David Gilmartin & Sunil Kumar (eds), Expanding
Frontiers in South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John F. Richards (New
York, 2013).

Leila T. Fawaz & Christopher Bayly (eds), Modernity and Culture: From the Mediterranean
to the Indian Ocean (New York, 2002).

Peter Frankopan, The Silk Roads: A New History of the World (London & New York, 2015).

Mark Frost, ‘“Wider Opportunities”: Religious Revival, Nationalist Awakening and the
Global Dimension in Colombo, 1870–1920’, Modern Asian Studies, 36, 4 (2002), pp. 937-
967.

Durba Ghosh & Dane Kennedy (eds), Decentring Empire: Britain, India and the
Transcolonial World (New Delhi/ Hyderabad, 2006).

Nile Green, Bombay Islam: The Religious Economy of the West Indian Ocean, 1840-1915
(New York, 2011).

---, ‘Forgotten Futures: Indian Muslims in the Trans-Islamic Turn to Japan’, The Journal of
Asian Studies, 72, 3 (2013), pp. 611-631.

---, ‘Shared infrastructures, informational asymmetries: Persians and Indians in Japan, c.

1890-1930’, Journal of Global History, 8, 3 (2013), pp. 413-435.

---, ‘The Global Occult: An Introduction’, History of Religions, 54, 4 (2015), pp. 383-393.

Engseng Ho, ‘Empire through Diasporic Eyes: A View from the Other Boat’, Comparative
Studies in Society and History, 46, 2 (2004), pp. 210-46.

---, The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean (Berkeley, 2006).

100
Patrick Manning, ‘The Problem of Interaction in World History’, The American Historical
Review, 101, 3 (1996), pp. 771-82.

Alex McKay, Tibet and the British Raj (London & New York, 1998).

Thomas Metcalf, Imperial Connections: India in the Indian Ocean Arena, 1860-1920 (New
Delhi/ Ranikhet, 2007).

Shanti Moorthy & Ashraf Jamal (eds), Indian Ocean Studies: Cultural, Social, and Political
Perspectives (London & New York, 2010).

Soumen Mukherjee, ‘Universalising Aspirations: Community and Social Service in the

Isma'ili Imagination in Twentieth-Century South Asia and East Africa’, Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society, Series 3, 24, 3 (2014), pp. 435-453.

Karma Phuntsho, The History of Bhutan (London, 2013).

Martin Ramstedt, Hinduism in Modern Indonesia: A minority religion between local,

national, and global interests (London & New York, 2004).

Ronit Ricci. Islam Translated: Literature, Conversion, and the Arabic Cosmopolis of South
and Southeast Asia (Chicago & London, 2011).

Tirthankar Roy, India in the World Economy: From Antiquity to the Present (Cambridge,
Delhi etc. 2012).

Willem van Schendel, ‘Geographies of Knowing, Geographies of Ignorance: Jumping Scale

in Southeast Asia’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 20, 6 (2002), pp. 647-
668.

Willen van Schendel and Erik de Maaker, ‘Asian Borderlands: Introducing their Permeability,
Strategic Uses and Meanings’, Journal of Borderlands Studies, 29, 1 (2014), pp. 3-9.

James Scott, The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia
(New Haven & London, 2009).

Tansen Sen, ‘The Intricacies of Premodern Asian Connections’, The Journal of Asian Studies,
69, 4 (2010), pp. 991-999.

Sanjay Subrahmanyam, ‘Connected Histories: Notes Towards a Reconfiguration of Early

Modern Eurasia’, Modern Asian Studies, 31, 3 (1997), pp. 735-62.

Sanjay Subrahmanyam, From Tagus to the Ganges: Exploration in Connected History (New
Delhi, 2011 ed.).

Brij Tankha & Madhavi Thampi, Narratives of Asia from India, Japan and China (Calcutta
& New Delhi, 2005).

Shin’ichi Yoshinaga, ‘Theosophy and Buddhist Reformers in the Middle of the Meiji Period:
An Introduction’, Japanese Religions, 34, 2 (2009), pp. 119-131.

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---, ‘Three boys on a great vehicle: “Mahayana Buddhism” and a trans-national network’,
Contemporary Buddhism: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 14, 1 (2013), pp. 52-65.

Suggested Readings:

Sana Aiyar, ‘Anticolonial Homelands across the Indian Ocean: The Politics of the Indian
Diaspora in Kenya, ca. 1930–1950’, The American Historical Review, 116, 4 (2011), pp. 987-
1013.

Robert J. Blyth, The Empire of the Raj: India, East Africa and the Middle East, 1858-1947
(Basingstoke, 2003).

Sebastian Conrad & Dominic Sachsenmaier (eds), Competing Visions of World Order: Global
Moments and Movements, 1880s-1930s (Basingstoke, UK & New York, 2007).

S. Eisenstadt & Wolfgang Schulchter, ‘Introduction: Paths to Early Modernities: A

Comparative View’, Daedalus, 127, 3 (1998), pp. 1-18.
Wang Hui, ‘The Idea of Asia and its Ambiguities’, The Journal of Asian Studies, 69, 4 (2010),
pp. 985-989.

Kenneth Hall, Suchandra Ghosh & Rila Mukherjee (eds), Subversive Sovereigns across the
Seas: Indian Ocean Ports of Trade from Early Historic Times to Late Colonialism (Kolkata,
2017).

Nimmi Kurian, India-China Borderlands: Conversations Beyond the Centre (New Delhi,
2014).

Emma Martin, ‘Gift, Greeting or Gesture: The Khatak and the Negotiating of its Meaning on
The Anglo-Tibetan Borderlands’, Himalaya: The Journal of the Association for Nepal and
Himalayan Studies, 35, 2 (2016), pp. 56-72.

Mallica Mishra, Tibetan Refugees in India: Education, Culture and Growing Up in Exile
(Hyderabad, 2014).

Sheldon Pollock, The Language of God in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture and Power in
Premodern India (New Delhi/ Ranikhet, 2009).

Brij Tankha, A Vision of Empire: Kita Ikki and the making of modern Japan (Calcutta & New
Delhi, 2003).

Audrey Truschke, Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court (New Delhi, 2017
edn).

HIST-DSE 2B
A HISTORY OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA: THE 19TH CENTURY
UG III, Semester- V
Course Worth: 6 credits

102
Course Description: The aim of this course is provide first year undergraduates with a
foundational overview of the history of South East Asia from the rise of the classical states to
the middle of the twentieth century. It will equip them with an understanding of the main
themes, problems, debates, and types of sources relating to that history. The course will
proceed chronologically while it will enabling students to acquire the basic skills of historical
interpretation, argument, and evidence, together with the specific terms, geography,
institutions, and concepts particular to the South East Asia region.

Unit 1: Pre Colonial Structures Of Power And Authority C.1800

i. The Indianization Of South East Asia
ii. The Fall Of The Classical States
iii. The Coming Of Islam
iv. The Rise Of The Mainland States—Burma, Siam, Vietnam
v. The First European Impact

Unit 2: Economy And Society In The Early 19th C.

i. Patterns Of Production In Agriculture And The Crafts
ii. Organisation Of Trade And Banking
iii. Cultural Expressions: Folk And Classical
iv. Islam And Popular Culture

Unit 3: Colonization And Colonial Transformations:

i. Processes Of Colonial Control: Case Study of the ‘Informal Empire’ In Thailand
ii. Peasant Society and Agrarian Transformations: Plantations, Forests, Mining
iii. Urbanization: Colonial Cities In Plural Societies
iv. Culture: Colonial Discourses and the Creation of a National Culture, Oral Traditions
v. Education: Literacy and the case of Malay Hikayats, Creation Of ‘Perfect Natives’

Unit 4: Movement and Migration

i. The Collaborative Mechanisms Of Colonial Rule
ii. The Economic Transformation Of South East Asia During The Colonial Period
iii. Rural Rebellion And The Nationalist Challenge To Colonial Rule
iv. Case Studies: Burma, Thailand, Cambodia

Essential Readings:

Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities

Charles F. Keyes, The Golden Peninsula: Culture and adaptation in mainland Southeast
Asia.
H. Benda, The Crescent and the Rising Sun
John Sydenham Furnivall, Progress and welfare in Southeast Asia: A comparison of
colonial policy and practice.
Edmund R. Leach, Political systems of Highland Burma: a study of Kachin social
structure.
G. Hart ed., Agrarian Transformations: Local Processes and the State in South-East Asia.
J. Kemp ed., Peasants and Cities, Cities and Peasants: Rethinking Southeast Asia, Asian
Models
Milton Osborne, South-East Asia: An Introductory History
Nicholas Tarling ed., Cambridge History of South-East Asia, Vol II

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 Sunil Amrith, Crossing the Bay of Bengal: The Furies of Nature and the Fortunes of
Migrants (Harvard University Press, 2013)

Suggested Readings:

Benedict Anderson, Mythology and the Tolerance of the Javanese

C. Van Djik, Trousers, Sarongs And Jubbahs: Outward Appearances As A Means Of
Distinction And Discrimination
C. Dobbin, Islamic Revivalism In A Changing Peasant Economy, Central Sumatra: 1784-
1847
Daniel S. Lev, and Ruth T. McVey ed., Making Indonesia: Essays on Modern Indonesia
Victor Purcell, The Chinese in Southeast Asia
Thongchai Winichakul, Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation
Southeast Asia: A Crossroads of the World
Craig Lockard, Southeast Asia in World History (Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 34-
51.
Zhou Daguan, The Customs of Cambodia (c. 1297), excerpts;
Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354, The adventures of Ibn Battuta, a
Muslim traveler of the 14th century (University of California Press, 1986), pp. 199-206,
221-223.
Anthony Reid, “Female Roles in Pre-Colonial Southeast Asia,” Modern Asian Studies
22.3 (1988), pp. 629 – 645.
David Chandler, “Normative Poems (Chbap) and Pre-Colonial Cambodian Society.”
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 15.2 (1984), pp. 271-279
Chbab srey, excerpted from Philip N. Jenner, “A Minor Khmer Ethical Text of Early
Date,” Mon-Khmer Studies 7 (1978).
Ma Huan, The Overall Survey of The Ocean’s Shores [Ying-Yai Sheng-Lan], translated
by J. V. G. Mills (White Lotus Press, 1997), pp. 86-97, 102-107
Antonio Pigafetta, The Voyage of Magellan: The Journal of Antonio Pigafetta (The
William L. Clements Library, 1969)
J. F. Scheltema, “The Opium Question,” American Journal of Sociology 16.2 (1910)
R.A. Kartini, “Give the Javanese Education!” in Letters from Kartini (1992)
Colonialism, civilization, and progress: science & medicine
Vũ Trọng Phụng, Lục Xì: Prostitution and Venereal Disease in Colonial Hanoi (1937),
translated by Shaun Kingsley Malarney (University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2011)
George Orwell, “Shooting an Elephant” (1926)

HIST-DSE 2C
SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL TRADITIONS: 7TH - 18TH CENTURIES

UG III, Semester- VI
Course Worth: 6 credits

Course Description: This course will introduce students to the scientific and medical
traditions in India from the early times to the eighteenth century. A particular emphasis will

104
be given on problematizing the key conceptual categories, as well as relating them to the
larger transregional and/ or global intellectual web. Students are also encouraged to engage
with select primary sources, in translations wherever possible. The course will help students
appreciate histories of scientific and medical traditions in India and the larger world in the
above time-span, and prepare them for specialized courses in this field at higher levels of
training.

Course themes and topics:

I. Introduction
(a) Prefatory Comments on Science, Arts and Humanities
(b) Science, Philosophy and Religion; Science and Technology
(c) Science and Non-Science; Medicine, Health and Healing

II. Historiography: Old & New

(a) Orientalist, Nationalist and Post-Colonial Scholarship and its Critiques
(b) Sciences and Pseudo-Sciences (e.g. Astronomy vs. Astrology)
(c) Locality and Universality; Connected History of Science
(d) Rediscovery of 'Indian Sciences'

III. Strands and Boundaries of the 'Sciences' in Ancient and Early Medieval Times
(a) Hierarchy of the 'Sciences', Objectivity and Subjectivity;
(b) Observation, Perception, pramanain Indian Philosophical and 'Scientific'
Traditions;
(c) Medicine, Health, and Hygiene
(d) Theories of vijnana(consciousness/ life force/ mind);
(e) Mathematics, Astronomy, Astrology and Alchemy
(f) Rediscovery of Charaka&Susruta; Idea of health, Hygiene, Diet, and Healing,
Yoga

IV. Strands and Boundaries of the 'Sciences' in Medieval and Early Modern Times
(a) Languages of Science; Sciences between Sanskrit and Persian
(b) Hierarchy of the 'Sciences', (Ma'qulat and Manqulat)
(b) Innovation; Novelty and Authorship
(c) Mathematics, Astronomy, and Alchemy
(d) Health and Hygiene; Unani Tibb and Ayurveda

V. 'Scientific' Communities, Network and Patronage

(a) Transregional Processes and Networks
(b) Knowledge Systems in Pre-Colonial Times; Knowledge in Circulation
(c) Jyotishis; Vaidyas; Nujumis; Tabibs
(d) Scientific Institutions and State Patronage

Essential Readings:

Ahmad Dallal, "Science, Medicine and Technology", in John Esposito (ed.) The Oxford
History of Islam, OUP, 1999.
A. Rahman, "Science and Technology in Medieval India", Journal of Scientific and
Industrial Research, Vol. 40, Issue 10, pp. 615-622

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A. Rahman (ed.), History of Indian Science, Technology and Culture, AD 1000-1800, New
Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998
A. Rahman, India's Interaction with China, Central and West Asia, New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 2002
A. Rahman et al (ed.), Science and Technology in Medieval India: A Bibliography of Source
Materials in Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian, Indian National Science Academy, 1982
Dhruv Raina," Revisiting Social Theory and History of Science in Early Modern South Asia
and Colonial India", Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident, 36-2013, pp. 191-210
Dominik Wujastyk, The Roots of Ayurveda: Selections from Sanskrit Medical Writings (New
Delhi, 2003 ed.).
D. M. Bose, S. N. Sen and B. V. Subbarayappa,A Concise History of Science in India,
Hyderabad: Universities Press, 2009
DebiprasadChattopadhyaya, History of Science and Technology in Ancient India: The
Beginnings, Calcutta: Firm KLM, 1986
D.P. Chattopadhyaya, Science and Society in Ancient India, Calcutta: Research India
Publication, 1979 (Reprint)
Howard R. Turner, Science in Medieval Islam: An Illustrated Introduction, University of
Texas Press, 1997.
Kapil Raj, Relocating Modern Science: Circulation and the Construction of Knowledge in
South Asia and Europe, 1650-1900, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007
Kapil Raj, "Beyond Postcolonialism.... and Postpositivism: Circulation and the Global
History of Science", Isis, Vol. 104, No. 2 (June 2013), pp. 337-347
Peter Dear, "What Is the History of Science the History Of? Early Modern Roots of the
Ideology of Modern Science", Isis, Vol. 96, No. 3 (September 2005), pp. 390-406
Seema Alavi, Islam and Healing: Loss and Recovery of an Indo-Muslim Medical Tradition,
1600-1900 (Basingstoke, UK, 2008 ed.).
Toby E. Huff, The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China and the West, Cambridge
University Press, 1993.
Zaheer Baber, The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge, Civilization and Colonial Rule
in India, SUNY Press, 1996, pp. 14-105.

Suggested Readings:

Abdul Hameed, Exchanges between India and Central Asia in the Field of Medicine, Delhi:
Institute of History of Medicine&Medical Research, 1986, 1986.
Ahsan Jan Qaisar, The Indian Response to European Technology and Culture (A.D. 1498-
1707). Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1982
Alexander Jones (ed.), The Cambridge History of Science: Vol. 1, Ancient Science,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004
Anna Winterbottom and FacilTesfaye (eds.), Histories of Medicine and Healing in the Indian
Ocean World, Volume One (The Medieval and Early Modern Period), Palgrave Macmillan,
2014
Anne Digby and Waltraud Ernst, Crossing Colonial Historiographies: Histories of Colonial
and Indigenous Medicines in Transnational Perspective, Cambridge Scholars Publishing,
2010
A. I. Sabra, "Situating Arabic Science: Locality versus Essence", Isis, Vol. 87, No. 4 (Dec.,
1996), pp. 654-670.
C. Liebeskind, “Arguing Science: Unani Tibb, Hakims and Biomedicine in India, 1900-
1950,” in Waltraud Ernst, ed., Plural Medicine, Tradition and Modernity, 1800-2000,
London, 2002, pp. 58-75.

106
David Pingree, "The logic of Non-Western Science: Mathematical Discoveries in Medieval
India", Daedalus, Vol. 132, No. 4, 2003, pp. 45-53.
David Gordon White, The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India (Chicago &
London, 1996).
Deepak Kumar, "Developing a History of Science and Technology in South Asia", Economic
and Political Weekly, Vol. 38, No. 23 (Jun. 7-13, 2003), pp. 2248-2251.
Dominik Wujastyk, "Interpreting the Image of the Human Body in Premodern India",
Journal of Hindu Studies, Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 189-228.
Dagmar Wujastyk, Well-Mannered Medicine: Medical Ethics and Etiquette in Classical
Ayurveda (New York, 2012).
David C. Lindberg and Michael H. Shank (eds.), The Cambridge History of Science: Volume
2, Medieval Science, Cambridge University Press, 2013
D. V. Subba Reddy, "Influence of Indian Medicine on Arabian and Persian Medical
Literature", Indian Journal of the History of Medicine, 4 (2), 1959, pp. 25-34.
FabrizioSpeziale, The Circulation of Ayurvedic knowledge in Indo-Persian Medical
Literature. Ayurveda in Post-Classical and Pre-Colonial India, Jul 2009, Leiden, Netherland,
[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00584749/document]
F. J. Ragep, "Tusi and Copernicus: The Earth's Motion in Context." Science in Context, vol.
14, No. 1-2, 2001, pp. 145-153.
George Saliba, Rethinking the Roots of Modern Science: Arabic Manuscripts in European
Libraries, Washington, DC : Centre for Contemporary Arab Studies, Edmund A. Walsh
School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, 1999
George Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance, Cambridge,
Mass.:MIT Press, 2002
George Saliba, "Early Arabic Critique of Ptolemaic Cosmology: A Ninth-Century Text on the
Motion of the Celestial Spheres." Journal for the History of Astronomy vol. 25, 1994, pp.
115-141.
Guy Attewell, Refiguring Unani Tibb: Plural Healing in Late Colonial India, Orient
Longman, 2007
Guy Mazars, A Concise Introduction to Indian Medicine, MotilalBanarasidass, 2006.
HelaineSelin, Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine in Non-
Western Cultures, Springer, 2013
Iqbal Ghani Khan, "Scientific Concepts in Abu'lFazl's Ain-i Akbari", in Irfan Habib (ed.),
Akbar and His India, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 121-128
Irfan Habib, "Reason and Science in Medieval India", in D. N. Jha (ed.), Society and
Ideology in India: Essays in Honour of Professor R. S. Sharma, New Delhi:
MunshiramManoharlal Publishers, 1996, pp 16-74
Iqtidar Alam Khan, "The Middle Classes in the Mughal Empire", Social Scientist , Vol. 5,
No. 1 (Aug., 1976), pp. 28-49.
Kim Plofker, "The Astrolabe and Spherical Trigonometry in Medieval India", Journal for the
History of Astronomy, February 2000 vol. 31 no. 1 37-54.
Kim Plofker, Mathematics in India, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2009.
Lynn White Jr., "Science and the Sense of Self: The Medieval Background of a Modern
Confrontation", Daedalus, Vol. 107, No. 2, [Limits of Scientific Inquiry] (Spring, 1978), pp.
47-59
Majid Fakhry, A History of Islamic Philosophy, New York: Columbia University Press, 2004
MargritPernau, "The Indian Body and Unani Medicine: Body History as Entangled History",
Paragrana Internationale ZeitschriftfürHistorische Anthropologie, Volume 18, Issue 1, 2009,
Pages 107–118

107
Mansura Haidar, "Medical Works of the Medievl Period from India and Central Asia",
Diogenes, vol. 55 no. 2, 2008, pp. 27-43.
Marina Tolmacheva, "The Medieval Arabic Geographers and the Beginnings of Modern
Orientalism", Internation Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1995, pp. 141-156
Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi, Studies in Arabic and Persian Medical Literature, Calcutta:
University of Calcutta, 1959.
M. Shefer-Mossensohn and K. Abou Hershkovitz, "Early Muslim Medicine and the Indian
Context: A Reinterpretation", Medieval Encounters, Vol. 19, Issue 3, pp. 274-299
M. A. Alvi and R. Rahman, FathullahShirazi-A Sixteenth-Century Indian Scientist, New
Delhi: National Institute of Sciences of India, 1968
M. S. Khan, "Arabic and Persian Source Materials for the History of Science in Medieval
India", Islamic Culture, Vol. 62, No. 2-3, 1988, pp. 113-139 53
M. Shefer-Mossensohn and K. Abou Hershkovitz, "Early Muslim Medicine and the Indian
Context: A Reinterpretation", Medieval Encounters, Vol. 19, Issue 3, pp. 274-299
M. A. Alvi and R. Rahman, FathullahShirazi-A Sixteenth-Century Indian Scientist, New
Delhi: National Institute of Sciences of India, 1968
M. S. Khan, "Arabic and Persian Source Materials for the History of Science in Medieval
India", Islamic Culture, Vol. 62, No. 2-3, 1988, pp. 113-139 53
M. S. Khan, "An Arabic Source for the History of Ancient and Indian Medicine", Indian
Journal of History of Science, 16, No. 1, 1981, pp. 47-56.
M. Z. Siddiqui, The Unani Tibb (Greek Medicine) in India: A Concise History of Science in
India, New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy, 1971 pp. 268-73.
Richard Covington, "Rediscovering Arabic science", Saudi Ramco World, (May–June 2007
ed.), pp. 2–16.
Rivka Felday and F. Jamil Ragep, Before Copernicus: The Cultures and Contexts of
Scientific Learning in Fifteenth Century, Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's Press, 2017
R. L. Verma, "The Growth of Greco-Arabian Medicine in Medieval India", Indian Journal of
History of Sceince, 5, 1970, pp 347-63
R. L. Verma, and N. H. Kesawani, "Unani Medicine in Medieval India: Its Teachers and
Texts" in Anna Winterbottom and FacilTesfaye (eds.), Histories of Medicine and Healing in
the Indian Ocean World, Volume One (The Medieval and Early Modern Period), Palgrave
Macmillan, 2014.
SakulKundra, "Francois Bernier's Discourse on the Health System in Medieval India", The
National Medical Journal of India, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2010, pp. 236-239
Sheldon Pollock, "The Languages of Science in Early Modern India, in Sheldon Pollock
(ed.), Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern Asia: Explorations in the Intelletual History of
India and Tibet, 1500-1800., pp. 19-48
Shireen Moosvi, "Science and Superstition under Akbar and Jahangir: The Observation of
Astronomical Phenomena" in Irfan Habib (ed.), Akbar and His India, Oxford University
Press, 2013, pp. 109-120
S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi, "Physicians as Professionals in Medieval India" in Deepak Kumar
(ed.), Disease and Medicine in India, Tulika, 2001
S. Ali Nadeem Rezawi, "Representation of Middle Class Professionals in Mughal Visual
Art", in Ishrat Alam and Syed Ejaz Hussain (eds),.The Varied Facets of History (Essays in
Honour of Aniruddha Ray, Delhi: Primus, 2011.
S. A. Hussain, “Unani Physicians in Hyderabad State During Nizam IV,V and VI,” Bulletin
of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine 13/1-4, 1983, pp. 16-33.
S. A. A. Rizvi, Religious and Intellectual History of the Muslims in Akbar's Reign, with
Special Reference to Abu'lFazl, MunshiramManoharlal Publishers, 1975
Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions,

108
 Toby E. Huff, Intellectual Curisity and the Scientific Revolution: A Global Perspective,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011
T. Siddiqi, “The Khwājgān Family of Theologians and Physicians,” Studies in History of
Medicine 6/1, 1982, pp. 1-36.
William A Blanpied, " Raja Sawai Jai Singh II: An 18th century medieval astronomer",
American Journal of Physics, Vol. 43, No. 12, 1975.
Willy Hartner, "The Islamic Astronomical Background to Nicholas Copernicus." Ossolineum,
Colloquia CopernicaIII, Nadbitka, 1975, pp. 7-16.

HIST DSE-2D
EVERYDAY LIFE IN HISTORY
UG- III, SEMESTER- V
Course Worth: 6 credits

Course Description: This undergraduate course will introduce the students to issues and themes
which pertain to the realm of everyday lives and remain outside the standard accounts of
history. The course will underline that the quotidian and mundane aspects of social life are
not only part of broader social and historical processes but are important sites of negotiation
and formation of culture and social identities. The study of everyday life in history will enrich
the understanding of socio-cultural world we inhabit today. The course content shall include
selected themes (subjected to periodic revision) from the realm of daily life like dietary and
culinary practices, sartorial trends and habits, leisurely and entertainment activities,
recreational arts and aesthetics, everyday technology and so forth.
The course is arranged thematically rather than in strict chronological order, but readings will be
selected from early modern (if available) modern and contemporary histories. There is no
standard text book for the course. Apart from journal articles and book chapters, the reading
materials will include stories, pictures, video and audio materials. Students are expected to do
the assigned reading (maximum 2 articles/book chapters/ stories) before each class meeting.

Introduction: Definition, significance and historigraphy, of everyday life in history

Unit 1. Food, drinks and culinary cultures
Consumption and fashioning of the self; commensality and exclusion; domesticity and labour and the
aesthetics of culinary skills
Unit 2. Clothing and sartorial culture:
Clothing politics; redesigning hierarchy; (un)covering exclusion; fashion and fashioning of the
communitarian self; flagging identity
Unit 3. Game and sports:
Cricketing nationalism and its discontents; contesting bio-politics of colonialism; sporting
masculinity
Unit 4. Art and entertainment:

109
Pleasure and popular literature; understanding sacred, profane and political in oral cultures; visual
culture and popular religiosity
Unit 5. Everyday technology:
Technology, modernity and social hierarchy; social life of technology; social anxiety and techno-
modernity

Essential Readings:
Alf Luedtke, ed. History of Everyday Life: Reconstructing Historical Experiences and Ways of Life,
Tr. William Templer (Pinceton, 1995) Preface and Introduction.
Paul Steege et al, “The History of Everyday Life: A second Chapter”, The Journal of Modern
History, 80 (3) 2008: 357-378.
Derek Schilling, “Everyday Life and the Challenge to History in Postwar France: Braudel, Lefebvre,
Certeau”, Diacritics, 33(1), 2003: 23-40
Utsa Ray, Culinary Culture in Colonial India: A Cosmopolitan Platter and the Middle-Class
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015)
Prasun Chatterjee, “The Lives of Alcohol in Pre-colonial India”, The Medieval History Journal, 8 (1)
2005: 189-225
Srirupa Prasad, “Crisis, Identity, and Social Distinction: Cultural Politics of Food, Taste, and
Consumption in Late Colonial Bengal”,Journal of Historical Sociology, 19(3) 2006: 245-265
Arjun Appadurai, “How to Make a National Cuisine: Cookbooks in Contemporary India”
Comparative Studies in Society and History, 30(1) 1988: 3-24.
Ajay Gandhi, “Delicious Delhi: nostalgia, consumption and the old city” Identities, April 2015.
A. R. Venkatchalapathy, ‘In Those Days There was No Coffee’: Coffee Drinking and Middle Class
Culture in Colonial Tamilnadu (Delhi: Yoda Press, 2006) Chapter 1.
Gautam Bhadra, From an Imperial Product to a National Drink: The Culture of Tea Consumption in
Modern India (Calcutta: CSSS, 2005)
Gopal Guru, “Food as a Metaphor of Cultural Hierarchies” CASI Working Paper Series No. 09-01,
October 2009.
Video advertisemesterent of ‘Dalit Food’ and interview with Chandrabhan Prasad
(www.youtube.com)
Bernard Cohen, “Cloth, Cloths and Colonialism: India in the Nineteenth Century” in Cloth and
Human Experience, eds. Annette Weiner and Jane Schneider (Washington DC: Smithsonian
University Press, 1989), 303-354.
Philip Wagoner, “Sultan among Hindu Kings Dress, Titles, and the Islamicization of Hindu Culture
at Vijayanagara”, The Journal Of Asian Studies 55 (4) 1996: 851-880
K. N. Panikkar, “The Great Shoes Question: Tradition, Legitimacy and Power in Colonial India”,
Studies in History, 14 (1) 1998: 21-36.
R. L. Hardgrove Jr., “Breast Cloth Controversy: Caste Consciousness and Social Change in Southern
Travancore”, IESHR 1965: 171- 187

110
Himani Banerjee, “Textile Prison: Discourse on Shame (lajja) in the Attire of the Gentlewoman
(bhadramahila) in Colonial Bengal”, The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 19(2), 1994: 169-
193
C.A. Bayly, “Origins of Swadeshi: Cloth and India Society, 1700-1930” in The Social Life of Things,
ed. Arjuna Appadurai (Cambridge: CUP, 1986)
Sadan Jha, “Indian National Flag as a Site of Daily Plebiscite”, Economic and Political Weekly,
October 25, 2008: 102-111.
Brian Stoddart, “Sport, Colonialism and Struggle: C.L.R. James and Cricket” in Richard Giulianotti
ed., Sport and Modern Social Theorists (New York: Palgrave Macmillan)111-129
Ramchandra Guha, “Cricket and Politics in Colonial India”, Past & Present, No. 161 (1998): 155-
190
Boria Majumdar, “Cricket in Colonial India: The Bombay Pentangular, 1892-1946”,The
International Journal of the History of Sport, 19 (2-3) 2002: 157-188.
Boria Majumdar, “Forwards and Backwards: Women’s Soccer in Twentieth Century India”, Soccer
and Society
Kausik Bandyopadhyay, 'The nation and its fragments': football and community in India
Paul Dimeo, “Football and Politics in Bengal: Colonialism, Nationalism, Communalism” Soccer and
Society, 9(3), 2008: 377-393.
Projit Bihari Mukherjee, “‘Feeble Bengalis’ and ‘big Africans’: African players in Bengali club
football”, Soccer and Society, 9(2), 2008: 273-85.
Films- Lagaan (Hindi film on Cricket and anti-colonial nationalism), Egaro (Bengali film on
Football and anti-colonial nationalism), Chak de India, Dangal (Hindi Film on sports, gender
and nationalism)
Hunting: Shikar stories; Wrestling: Joseph Alter
Francesca Orsini, Print and Pleasure: Popular Literature and Entertaining Fictions in Colonial
North India (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2009): Chapter 1, 2, 3.
Ved Prakash Vatuk, Amir Khusro and Indian Riddle Tradition, The Journal of American Folklore,
82 (324) 1969: 142-154.
C. M. Naim, “Popular Joke and Political History: The Case of Akbar-Birbal and Mulla Do Piyaza”,
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 30, No. 24 (Jun. 17, 1995): 1456-1464
A. K. Ramanujan, “Who Needs Folklore”, Manushi, 1988.
Prichett, Marvellous Encounters: Folk Romance in Urdu and Hindi (Delhi: Manohar, 1985)
Special Issue of Contribution to Indian Sociology36 (1&2), 2003: Essays by Partha Mitter, Patricia
Uberoi, Christopher Pinny and Phillip Lutgendorf (Hanuman).
Kajri Jain, Producing the Sacred: The Subjects of Calendar Art”, Journal of Arts and Ideas, 1997.
Ashish Rajadhyaksha, “The Phalke Era: Conflict of Traditional Form and Modern Technology” in
Tejaswini Niranjana, Vivek Dhareshwar and P. Sudhir eds. Interrogating Modernity
(Calcutta: Seagull, 1993)
Phillip Lutgendorf “ A Superhit Goddess: Jai Santoshi Ma and Caste Hierarchy in Indian
Films”,Manushi, 131 (July-August, 2003)

111
Ravi Vasudevan, Melodramatic Public: Film Form and Spectatorship (Basingstoke: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2011) 16-64
M. Madhav Prasad, Ideology of the Hindi Film: A Historical Construction (Delhi: OUP, 1998)
Philip Lutgendorf, “Ramayana: The Video”, TDR, 34(2) (Summer, 1990): 127-176
Arvind Rajagopal, Politics after Television Hindu Nationalism and the Reshaping of the Public in
India (Cambridge: CUP, 2001), Chapter 2.
David Arnold, Everyday Technology: Machines and the Making of India’s Modernity (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2013)
Sigfried Giedion, Mechenisation Takes Command (New York: OUP, 1948)
Sudarshan, “Cycle ki Sawari”(Hindi short story), Audio available on archive.org
Phanishwar Nath Renu,Panchlight (Hindi short story), Tr. Ravikant, Sarai Reader 3: Shaping
Technology 70-73, (Available on archive.sarai.net and audio is also available on archive.org.)
Ravish Kumar, “Ye Jo Mera Bihar Hai” NDTV Prime Time, October 13, 2015: URL
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2SYc50Z9wmA>

HIST DSE-2E
SOCIAL IDENTITIES AND MOVEMENTS IN COLONIAL AND POSTCOLONIAL
SOUTH ASIA
UG- III, SEMESTER- V
Course Worth: 6 credits

Course Description: This UG course shall provide an overview of the processes and making of a
variety of (often overlapping) social identities such as linguistic, ethnic, regional, caste and religious.
It will focus on the key historical moments and movements, which reconfigured such identities in
colonial and postcolonial South Asia.There is no text book for the course. Apart from journal articles
and book chapters, the reading materials will include stories, and video materials. Students are
expected to attend class having done the assigned reading (maximum 2 articles/book chapters/ stories
to be marked a week in advance from the readings given below or outside).

Unit 1: Caste, colonialism and modernity:

Colonial knowledge, census, caste association; sanskritization and origins of anti-Brahmanism in the
nineteenth century; land, caste, electoral democracy and the state in the twentieth century;
caste, secularism and the Hindu nationalism
Unit 2: Tribe, sedentarization and state:
Ethnography, forestry and resistance in the nineteenth century; adivasis, state and development in the
twentieth century; tribe, nation and the frontier in the north-eastern India
Unit 3: Language, region and nation:

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Vernacular elite and public sphere in colonial India; linguistic nationalism and regional identity;
regionalism, federal democracy and state politics in twentieth century India
Unit 4: Gender, reform and modernisation:
Colonialism, nationalism and the women question; gender and the construction of religious
communities; woman in the narrative of legislative reform and communal riots; women and
the Indian state after independence; women, state and religious minority
Unit 5. Marginality, Resistance and Movements in postcolonial India: some case studies
Dalit panther movement in Maharashtra; Caste and Peasant resurrection in the Bhojpur, Jharkhand
mukti morcha; Secessionist movements in the Punjab and North East; Women’s movement in
Rajasthan and Uttarakhand

Essential Readings:

Jayan K. Charyan, Papilio Buddha (Malyali Film, 2013)

Sumit Sarkar and Tanika Sarkar, eds. Caste in Modern India: A Reader Vol. I &II (Ranikhet:
Permanent Black, 2013) Selected articles
Satish Deshpande, ed. The Problem of Caste (Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2014) Selected Chapters
Ghanshyam Shah, ed. Caste and Democratic Politics in India (Ranikhet: Permanent Black, 2002)
Selected Chapters
SudiptaKaviraj, ed. Politics in India (Delhi: OUP, 1997) Selected Chapters
Prakash Jha, Damul (1985)
BiswamoyPati, ed.Adivasis in Colonial India: Survival, Resistance and Negotiation (Orient
Longman, 2011)
ShashankKela, A Rogue and Peasant Slave: Adivasi Resistance 1800–2000 (Delhi: Navayana, 2012)
SireenRatnagar, Being Tribal (Delhi: Primus, 2010)
Alpa Shah, In the Shadow of the State: Indigeneous Politics, Environmentalism and Insurgency in
Jharkhand (Delhi:OUP, 2010)
Sanjib Baruah, Indian Against Itself (Delhi: OUP, 1999)
Vinita Damodaran, Essays from various journals.
Govind Nihlani, Aakrosh (Hindi Film, 1980)
Anand Patvardhan, A Narmada Diary (Documentary, 1995)
Sanjay Kak, Mati ke Lal (Documentary, 2013)
Thomas R. Trautmann, Languages and Nation (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006):
Introduction, Chapter 1 and 2.
Alok Rai, Hindi Nationalism, Tracts For the Times, 13 (Delhi: Orient Longman, 2001)
Asha Sarangi, ed. Language and Politics in India (Delhi: OUP, 2009)Selected Chapters
Sumathi Ramaswamy, Passions of the Tongue (Delhi: Manohar, 2001)
SumitSarkar and TanikaSarkar, eds. Women and Social Reform in India (Ranikhet: Permanent Black,
2007) Selected Chapters.
Nivedita Menon, ed. Gender and Politics in India (Delhi: OUP, 2001)

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P. K. Datta, Carving Blocs: Communal Ideology in Early Twentieth Century Bengal (Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1999).Chapter on abduction narrative.
Charu Gupta, Sexuality, Obscenity, Community: Women, Muslim and the Hindu Public in Colonial
India (Ranikhet: Permanent Black, 2001) Ch. 4, 6&7
Ritu Menon and Kamla Bhashin, Bodies and Boundaries: Women in India’s Partition (Delhi: Kali
for Women, 1998)
Chandra Prakash Dwivedi, Pinjar (Hindi Film, 2003)
Sabiha Sumar, Khamosh Paani (Punjabi Film, 2003)
Rajinder Singh Bedi, Lajvanti (Urdu short story) http://www.sikh-
history.com/literature/stories/lajwanti.html
Ghanshyam Shah, Social Movements in India (Delhi: Sage, 2004)
Gail Omvedt, reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and Socialist Tradition in India
(Bombay: M E Sharpe, 1993)
Sajal Nag, Contesting Marginality (Delhi: Manohar, 2002)
Kalyan Mukherjee and Rajendra Singh Yadav, Bhojpur: Naxalism in the Plains of Bihar (Delhi:
Radhakrishna, 1980)
Radha Kumar, History of Doing (Delhi: Zubaan, 1997)

Suggested Readings:

SumitGuha, Beyond Caste: Identity and Power in South Asia, Past and Present (Leiden: Brill, 2013)
AnupamaRao, The Caste Question (Ranikhet: Permanent Black, 2013)
SekharBandyopadhyay, Caste, Culture and Hegemony: Social Dominance in Colonial Bengal
(Delhi: Sage, 2004)
SatishDeshpande, Contemporary India: A Sociological View (Delhi: Viking/Penguin, 2003)
Aditya Nigam and NiveditaMenon, Power and Contestation: India since 1989 (London: Zed Books,
2009)
Nandini Sundar Subalterns and Sovereigns: An Anthropological History of Bastar 1854-2006,
(Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2007)
Archana Prasad, in Against Ecological Romanticism: Verrier Elwin and the Making of an Anti-
Modern Tribal Identity (New Delhi: Three Essays, 2003)
Sajal Nag, India and North-East India: Mind, Politics and the Process of Integration, 1946-1950
(New Delhi: Regency Publications, 1998).
Lisa Mitchell, Language, Emotion, and Politics in South India: The Making of a Mother Tongue
(Ranikhet: Permanent Black, 2009)
Robert D. King, Nehru and the Language Politics of India (Delhi: OUP, 1997)
Geraldine Forbes, Women in Modern India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)

SEMESTER VI

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 HIST C13
HISTORY OF INDIA VIII (c. 1857-1950)
UG- III, Semester- VI
Course Worth: 6 credits

Course description:

This course examinationines British colonial governance from the second half of the
nineteenth century onwards and the ways in which it both shaped and was shaped by Indian
nationalism. Students will explore how imperial political, economic, social and cultural
policies evolved in this period, their effects on a variety of Indians in different arenas and
their long-lasting legacies. Attention will be paid to the different public spheres created under
the aegis of British rule and the different politicized identities they produced. Different
strands of nationalism that rose to challenge colonialism will be highlighted in their mutual
interactions. The final unravelling of colonial control, Indian independence, and Partition will
be analysed and the course will close with a brief examinationination of the first years after
the transfer of power in India.

Course themes and topics:

I. Caste, community and nation

(a) Colonial social engineering: census, surveys and anthropology
(b) Printing and the creation of Indian public spheres; colonial censorship
(c) Socio-religious reform movements: the Arya Samaj, Deoband, Aligarh,
Jyotiba Phule, the Singh Sabha
(d) Assertions of caste identity: Sanskritizing and anti-Brahmanical trends
(e) Debates about gender and masculinity

II. The Economy of Colonial India

(a) Trains, drains, and the telegraph
(b) Agrarian reforms
(c) The rise of modern industry: the emergence of capitalist and working classes
(d) Famines and their impact
(e) Forestry and environmental degradation
(f) Economic critiques of colonial rule

III. Early nationalism and anti-colonialism

(a) The Moderates and Extremists in the Congress
(b) Swadeshi and revolutionary nationalism
(c) Peasant and tribal rebellions: Pabna (1872-76), the Deccan peasants’ uprising
(1875), the Munda ulgulan (1899-1900)
(d) The founding of the Muslim League
(e) The founding of the Hindu Mahasabha and the RSS

IV. Nationalism and anti-colonialism in the time of Gandhi

(a) WWI and its aftermath

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 (b) Gandhi’s ideas
(c) Early movements of mass mobilization: the Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad
and Rowlatt Satyagrahas
(d) The non-cooperation and Khilafat movements
(e) The civil disobedience movement
(f) The Quit India movement

V. Other strands of nationalism and anti-colonialism

(a) Ambedkar and Dalit movements
(b) The non-Brahman movements in south India
(c) Left movements
(d) Peasant and tribal protest
(e) Communalism and secularism
(f) Women and the nation
(g) Nationalism and culture: literature and art

VI. Independence and Partition

(a) India during WWII and after
(b) Negotiations for independence
(c) Popular movements and riots
(d) Partition

VII. The Emergence a New State in India

(a) Defining citizenship after Partition
(b) The making a constitution
(c) The integration of the princely states
(d) Land reform and the beginnings of economic planning

Essential Readings:

Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar. From Plassey to Partition and After: A History of Modern India.
Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2014.

Bose, Sugata and Ayesha Jalal. Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy.
Abingdon (Oxon) and New York: Routledge, 2017.

Chaudhary, Latika et. al., eds. A New Economic History of Colonial India. London and New
York: Routledge, 2016.

Guha, Ranajit and Gayatri Chakaravarti Spivak, eds. Selected Subaltern Studies. New York
and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Roy, Tirthankar. The Economic History of India, 1857-1947. New Delhi: Oxford University
Press, 2000.

Sarkar, Sumit. Modern Times: India 1880s-1950s (Environment, Economy, Culture). Delhi:
Permanent Black, 2015.

Suggested Readings:

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Amin, Shahid. Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922 – 1992. Delhi: Penguin,
2006 reprint.

Austin, Granville. The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, repr. 2015.

Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar (ed). National Movement in India: A Reader. New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 2009.
Bayly, Susan. Caste Politics and Indian Society from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern
Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Bhargava, Rajeev, ed. Politics and Ethics of the Indian Constitution. New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 2008.

Butalia, Urvashi. The Other Side of Silence: Voices From the Partition of India. Penguin:
Random House India, repr. 2015.

Chatterji, Joya. Bengal Divided. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Dalmia,Vasudha and Stuart Blackburn, eds. India’s Literary History: Essays on the
Nineteenth Century. Delhi: Permanent Black, 2004.

Devji, Faisal. The Impossible Indian: Gandhi and the Temptation of Violence, Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 2012.

Dirks, Nicholas B. Castes of Mind. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press,
2001.

Fox, Richard G. Lions of the Punjab: Culture in the Making. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
University of California Press, 1985.

Ghosh, Kaushik. “A Market for Aboriginality: Primitivism and Race Classification in the
Indentured Labour Market of Colonial India” in Subaltern Studies X.

Gilmartin, David. Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan. Berkeley and Los
Angeles: University of California Press, 1988.

Gupta, Charu. Sexuality, Obsenity, Community: Women, Muslims and the Hindu Public in
Colonial India. Delhi: Permanent Black, 2001.

Guha-Thakurta, Tapati. The Making of a New ‘Indian’ Art: Artists, Aesthetics and
Nationalism in Bengal, c.1850-1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Hardiman, David. Peasant Resistance in India, 1858-1914. New Delhi: Oxford University
Press, 1993.

Jalal, Ayesha. Partisans of Allah: Jihad in South Asia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press, 2010

117
Jalal, Ayesha. Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam. Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 2000.

Jalal, Ayesha. The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for
Pakistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Jones, Kenneth. Socio-Religious Reform Movements in British India, New Cambridge

History of India, Vol.3.1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Kapila, Shruti, ed. An Intellectual History for India. Delhi: Cambridge University Press,
2010.

Kaul, Suvir. ed. The Partitions of Memory. Delhi: Permanent Black, 2011.

Khan, Yasmin. India at War: The Subcontinent and the Second World War. New York:
Oxford University Press, 2015.

Ludden, David, ed. Agricultural Production and South Asian History. New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 2005.

Metcalf, Barbara. Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860-1900. New York: Oxford
University Press, repr. 2004.

Metcalf, Thomas. Ideologies of the Raj. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Minault, Gail. The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in
India. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.

Nag, Sajal. et al. eds. Making of the Union: Merger of Princely States and Excluded Areas
with India. New Delhi: Akansha, 2007.

Naregal, Veena. Language Politics, Elites and the Public Sphere: Western India Under
Colonialism. New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2001.

O’Hanlon, Rosalind. Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste
Protest in Nineteenth-Century Western India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Pandey, Gyanendra. The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 1992.

Pandian, M.S.S. Brahmin and Non-Brahmin: Genealogies of the Tamil Political Present.
New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2007.

Phadnis, Urmila. Towards the Integration of Indian States, 1919-1947. Bombay: Asia
Publishing House, 1968

Pinney, Christopher. “Classification and Fantasy in the Photographic Construction of Race

and Tribe”, Visual Anthropology, vol. 3 (1990), pp. 259-88.

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Raj, K.N. et. al, ed. Essays on the Commercialization of Indian Agriculture. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 1985.

Ray, Rajat, K., ed. Entrepreneurship and Industry in India, 1800-1947. Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1994.

Robb, Peter, ed. Dalit Movements and the Meanings of Labour in India. New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1993.

Sangari, Kumkum and Sudesh Vaid. eds. Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History.
Delhi: Kali For Women, 1989.

Sarkar, Sumit, and Tanika Sarkar, eds. Women and Social Reform in India, Vols I & II.
Delhi: Permanent Black, 2007.

Sarkar, Sumit, and Tanika Sarkar, eds. Caste in Modern India: A Reader, 2 vols. Ranikhet:
Permanent Black, 2014.

Sarkar, Sumit. The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, Delhi: Permanent Black, 2010 reprint.

Sinha, Mrinalini. Colonial Masculinity: The ‘manly Englishman’ and The ‘Effeminate
Bengali’ in the Late Nineteenth Century. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995.

Stein, Burton, ed. The Making of Agrarian Policy in British India, 1770-1900. Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1992.

Zamindar, Vazira Yacoob-Ali, The Long Partition and the Making of Modern South Asia:
Refugees, Boundaries, Histories. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.

HIST-C14
HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE-II (1780-1939)
UG- III, Semester- VI
Course Worth 6 credits

Course themes and topics:

VIII. Liberal Democracy, Working Class Movements and Socialism in the 19th
and 20th Centuries:

(f) The struggle for parliamentary democracy and civil liberties in Britain.
(g) Forms of protest during early capitalism: food riots in France and England:
Luddites and Chartism.
(h) Early socialist thought; Marxian Socialism: the First and the Second
International.

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 (i) German Social Democracy, Politics and Culture.
(j) Christian Democracy as a political and ideological force in western and central
Europe

IX. The Crisis of Feudalism in Russia and Experiments in Socialism:

(g) Emancipation of serfs.

(h) Russian Populism and Social Democracy.
(i) Revolutions of 1905; the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.
(j) Programme of Socialist Construction.

X. Imperialism, War, and Crisis: c. 1880- 1939:

(f) Theories and mechanisms of imperialism; growth of Militarism; Power blocks

and alliances: expansion of European empires- War of 1914-1918: Treaty of
Versailles: League of Nations
(g) The post 1919 World Order: economic crises, the Great Depression and
Recovery.
(h) Fascism and Nazism.
(i) The Spanish Civil War.
(j) Origins of the Second World War.

XI. Cultural and Intellectual Developments since circa 1850:

(g) Changing contexts:

[i] Notions of Culture [ii] Creation of a New public sphere and mass media
[iii] mass education and extension of literacy.
(h) Creation of new cultural forms: from Romanticism to Abstract Art.
(i) Major intellectual trends:
[i] Institutionalization of disciplines history, Sociology and Anthropology.
[ii] Darwin and Freud.
(j) Culture and the making of ideologies: Constructions of Race, Class and
Gender, Ideologies of Empire

Essential readings:

Geoffrey Stewart and Malcolm Pearce, British Political History, 1867-2001: Democracy and
Decline, Taylor & Francis Ltd, London, 2001

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C.M. Cipolla, Fontana Economic History of Europe, Present (1981). Volume II the Present,
1981

E.J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Revolution, Europe 1789-1848, Phoenix Press, London, 2010

A. J. P. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848-1918, Oxford University Press,
1954.

Philip Morgan, Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945, Routledge, 2003

The Great Powers and the European States System 1814-1914, F.R. Bridge & Roger Bullen,
Pearson Education Limited, 2005

Albert S. Lindemann, A History of Modern Europe: From 1815 to the Present, Blackwell
Publishing, UK, 2013 (First Edition)

Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, A History of Russia, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999

Michael Howard, The First World War: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press,
Oxford, 2002

John Keegan, The First World War, Vintage Canadian, New York, 1998

Sidney Harcave, The Russian Revolution of 1905, Collier Books, London, 1970

Eric Hobsbawm, Age of Extremes: The short Twentieth Century 1914-1991, Abacus Book,
Great Britain, 1995

John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the Present, W. W.
Norton & Company, New York, 2004.

Keith Eubank, The Origins of World War II, Harlan Davidson Inc., Illinois, 2004.

Suggested readings:

H.J. Hanham, Nineteenth Century Constitution, 1815 to 1914

E.J. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism

K.O. Morgan, Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, Volume 3 (1789-1983)

R.P. Morgan, German Social Democracy and the First International

J.J. Roth (ed.), World War I: A Turning Point in Modern History

Lawrence Stone, History and the Social Sciences in the Twentieth Century, The Past and the
Present, 1981

E.P. Thomson, Making of the English Working Class

Raymond Williams, Culture and Society

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 DSE 3A
HISTORY OF MODERN EAST ASIA-II (c. 1868-1945)
UG- III, Semester- VI
Course Worth: 6 credits

Course themes and topics:

I. Japan (c. 1868-1945):

(i) Transition from feudalism to capitalism:

Pre-modern Japan; The Shogunate- the feudal sciety and government; Perry Mission and the
opening up of Japan to the West; Crisis of Tokugawa Bakuhan system; Contrasting response
of China and Japan to the impact of the West; Meiji Restoration: Its nature and Significance;
Political Reorganization; Military Reforms; Social, cultural and educational reforms
(bunmeikaika); Financial reforms and educational development in the 'Meiji' era; Meiji
Constitution

(ii) Japanese Imperialism:

Emergence of Japan as an Imperial Power; Sino-Japanese War, Anglo-Japanese Alliance;

Russo- Japanese War; World War I and Washington Conference, Manchurian Crisis

(iii) Democracy and Militarism/Fascism:

Popular/ Peoples' Rights Movement; Nature of political parties; Economic modernisation;

abolition of feudalism and economic growth; new land settlement pattern; industrialisation
and the role of state and private entrepreneurs, role of zaibatsu; Failure of Democratic system
and the rise of Militarism in the 1930's and 1940's; Japan and the Second World War; Pearl
Harbor Incident; Post-War Changes; Japan's economy

II. Emergence of Modern Korea:

The old order and Institutional Decay: Joseon Korea; Korea's interactions with the western
powers and Korea's unequal treaties with Japan; Attempts at social, political and economic
reforms in Korea; Japan's colonization: March First Movement and the growth of Korean
nationalism; in situational transformation 1910-1945; Post-War Changes

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Essential Readings:

Peter Duus (ed), The Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. 6, The Twentieth Century,
Cambridge University Press, 2008

L.M. Cullen, A History of Japan, 1582-1941, Internal and External Worlds, Cambridge
University Press, 2003

Marius B. Jansen, The Making of Modern Japan, The Belknap Press of Havard University
Press, 2000.

Allen Georg, A Short Economic History of Modern Japan, London, Allen Unwin, 1946

W.G. Beasley, The Modern History of Japan, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1963

Andrew Gordon, A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to Present, New York,
2003

E.H. Norman, Japan’s Emergence as a Modern State, New York, 1946

Nathaniel, Peffer, The Far East: A Modern History, University of Michigan Press, 1950

George, Sansom, The Western World and Japan, London Crescent Press, 1950

Richard,Storry, A History of Modern Japan, London, O.U.P. 1965

Chitoshi, Yanaga, Japan since Perry, Greenwood, 1975

Michael J. Seth, A Concise History of Modern Korea, Rowman and Littlefield, 2009

Vladimir, Tikhonov, Modern Korea and its Others, Routledge, 2016

Suggested Readings:

George M. Beckmann, Modernization of China and Japan, Harper and Row, 1962

Jon, Halliday Jon, A Political History of Japanese Capitalism, New York, Pantheon, 1975

Marius B. Jansen, The Making of Modern Japan, 2002

William G. Beasley, Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945, 1987

123
 Richard Mason, J.G. Caiger, History of Japan, Revised Edition, 2011

Adrian, Buzo, The Making of Modern Korea, 2016

David Rees, A Short History of Modern Korea, 1988

HIST-DSE3B
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT IN SOUTH ASIAN HISTORY
UG- III, Semester- VI
Course Worth: 6 credits

Course Description: Contemporary concern over environmental crisis arising out of global warming
and resultant climate change is widely shared across the board. It is generally agreed that the
beginning of modern life and society as dominant mode has led to a variety of crisis and
conflict at multiple levels- forest dwellers vs plains people, subsistence Vs consumerist
economy, developing Vs developed nations and so forth. Although this consensus is partly
valid in the case of South Asia, it suffers from at least two problems. One, it presents either a
rosy picture of pre-modern societies as free of conflict over issues of subsistence and claims
over natural resources thereby breeds ecological romanticism. Two, it overlooks the fact that
ecology has always been a factor in human history in variegated and different ways. The aim
of the course is to familiarize the students with complexities of environmental issues as it has
unfolded and affected the South Asian societies before and after British colonialism came to
acquire ascendance.
(Of the many issues like forest, animals, water, soil, etc, the course will focus on one or two of them.
Degree of emphasis on the units will vary each Semester as per the availability and interest
of the course instructor(s). Readings shall be decided from the list below as well as from
outside)

Unit I: Ecology, Climate Change, History: Early India:

An outline of early Indian ecology; multiple modes of livelihood; ecological equilibrium and the
narrative of loss; climate change and deforestation in civilization decline and/or
advancement;

Unit II: Nature, People, Animal and the State in ancient and medieval times:
Agrarian kingdoms and forest-dwellers, social perception and political relations; animals and
political power; control of the commons, resources and hierarchies of claims

Unit III: Nature, people, animal and the State power Colonial Times:
Colonialism as ecological watershed; forest, science and colonial state; sedenterisation and pastoral
nomadism; irrigation projects, big dams and hydrological change;

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Unit IV: Environmental Consciousness and Resistance Movements in India:
Development and its discontents; political democracy and new social movements; adivasis, peasants,
woman and environmental movements; urban environmentalism

Unit V: Environmentalisms in India and beyond:

Specificities of Indian environmentalism; Environmentalism of the poor; Struggle for livelihood and
justice

Essential Readings:
Madhav Gadgil and Ramchandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India, Delhi,
OUP, 1992.Chapters 1 and 2.
MLK Murty, “Sheep/Goat Pastoral Cultures in the Southern Deccan: The Narrative as a Metaphor”
in Mahesh Rangarajan and K. Sivaramakrishnaneds. India’s Environmental History I: From
Ancient Times to the Colonial Period (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2012)
Kathleen D. Morrison, “Conceiving the Ecology and Stopping the Clock: Narrative of Balance Loss
and Degradation” in Shifting Grounds: People, Animals and Mobility in India’s
Environmental History eds. Mahesh Rangarajan and K. Sivaramakrishnan (Delhi: OUP,
2014), 39-64.
V. N. Mishra, “Climate, a factor in the Rise and Fall of the Indus Civilization”, in Decline and Fall
of Indus Civilization, ed. NayanjotLahiri (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2002) 239-250
MakhanLal, “Iron tools, Forest Clearance, and Urbanisation in Gangetic Plains”, Man and
Environment, 10 (1986): 83-90.
Aloka Parashar-Sen, “Of Tribes, Hunters and Barbarians: Forest Dwellers in the Mauryan
Period”Studies in History, 14 (1998): 173-92.
Chetan Singh, “Forest, Pastoralists and Agrarian Society in Mughal India” in Nature, Culture,
Imperialism: Essays on Environmental History of South Asia, eds. David Arnold and
RamchandraGuha (Delhi: OUP, 1995) 21-48
Divyabhanusinh, “Lions, Cheetah and Others in Mughal Landscape”,Shifting Grounds: People,
Animals and Mobility in India’s Environmental History, 88-108.
Mayank Kumar, “Situating the Environment: Settlement, Irrigation and Agriculture in Pre-colonial
Rajasthan”,Studies in History, 24, 2, (2008): 211–233
Sumit Guha, “Claims on the Commons: Political Power and Natural Resources in Precolonial India”
reproduced in India’s Environmental History I,327-350
Sumit Sarkar, Modern Times (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2014): Chapter on Environment and
economy.
Michael Mann, Themes in Indian History (London: Routlege, 2014) Chapter 4 on Forestry and
Silviculture.
RamchandraGuha, “State Forestry and Social Conflict in British and Post-British India: A Study in
the Ecological Bases of Agrarian Protest” Past and Present

125
Elizabeth Whitecomb, “The Environmental Costs of Irrigation in British India” in Nature, Culture,
Imperialism, 237-59 OR InduAgnihotri, “Ecology, Land and Colonisation: The Canal
Colonies of Punjab” in Mahesh Rangarajan and K. Sivaramakrishnaneds. India’s
Environmental History I: From Ancient Times to the Colonial Period (Delhi: Permanent
Black, 2012)
Neeladri Bhattacharya, “Pastoralist in a Colonial World” In Nature, Culture, Imperialism, 49-85
Mahesh Rangarajan, “The Raj and the Natural World: The Compaign Against ‘Dangerous Beasts’
Colonial India”, Studies In History, 14, 2 (1998): 167-99; reproduced inIndia’s
Environmental History II: Colonialism, Modernity and the Nation, eds. Mahesh Rangarajan
and K. Sivaramakrishnan, 95-142
Rohan D’Souza, “Colonialism,Capitalism and Nature: Debating the Origins of Mahanadi Delta’s
Hydraulic Crisis (1803-1928)”, Economic and Political Weekly, 37 (3), 2002: 1261-1272.
Rohan D’Souza, “Damning the Mahanadi River: The Emeregence of Multi-Purpose River Valley
Development in India (1943-46), Environmental Values, 11 (2002): 369-94; reproduced in
India’s Environmental History II, 550-83
Madhav Gadgil and Ramchandra Guha, “Ecological Conflict and Environmental Movement in
India” Development and Change,Vol. 25 (1994): 101-36.
RamchandraGuha, “Chipko: Social History of an ‘Environmental’ Movement” in Unquiet Woods
(Ranikhet: Permanent Black, 2010). 152-185
Ashis Nandy, "Dams and dissent: India’s first modern environmental activist and his critique of the
DVC project", Futures 33, 2001: 709-31.
Bina Agarwal, “Environment and Poverty Interlinks: Regional Variations and Temporal Shifts in
Rural India, 1971-1991” reproduced in India’s Environmental History II, 451-516
S. Ravi Rajan, “Disaster, Development and Governance: Reflections on the Lessons from
Bhopal”Environmental Values, 11 (2002): 369-94; reproduced in India’s Environmental
History II, 584-614.
Awadhendra Sharan, “In the City, Out of Place Environment and Modernity, Delhi 1860s to 1960s”,
EPW, Vol. 41, Issue No. 47, 25 Nov, 2006, pp. 4905-4911.
Ramchandra Guha, Environmentalism: A Global History (Delhi: OUP, 2000): Chapter 1 and 2.
Ravi S. Rajan, “Classical environmentalism and environmental human rights: an exploration of their
ontological origins and differences”, Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, Vol. 2
No. 1, March 2011, pp. 106–121

Suggested Readings:
Madhav Gadgil and Ramchandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India, Delhi,
OUP, 1992.
Sumit Guha, Environment and Ethnicity in India 1200-1991(Cambridge: CUP, 1999)
Mahesh Rangarajan and K. Sivaramakrishnaneds. India’s Environmental History I: From Ancient
Times to the Colonial Period (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2012)

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Mahesh Rangarajan and K. Sivaramakrishnaneds. India’s Environmental History II: Colonialism,
Modernity and the Nation (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2012)

HIST-DSE 3C
HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE (19th –
20th c.)
UG- III, Semester- VI
Course Worth: 6 credits

Course Description: The aim of this course is firstly to acquire knowledge of the chronology
of the different history(s) of science, technology and medicine. Secondly, it seeks to develop
analytical thinking skills and a sense of these histories, and thirdly, it looks at the content as
well as different contexts shaping ‘science’ through historical and political timeframes. This
course provides an introduction to the discipline of the histories of science, our first query
being, what is the history of science and technology and medicine, a history of? We study the
historical development of science and scientific knowledge in the various fields of natural,
physical and medicinal sciences, which get distinct disciplinarian shapes in the late
nineteenth century. We also explore numerous past and present categories, to fall back on the
importance of historical arguments in order to shape contemporary realities. With an
understanding of the relationship between scientific knowledge, technological systems and
society, students will be able to compare knowledge practices inter and transculturally.

Unit 1: Theorizing The History Of Science Technology & Medicine

i. Thomas Kuhn and Steven Shapin: The Scientific Revolutions
ii. Roy Porter: Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment
iii. Simon Schaffer: Natural Philosophy and Mechanics
iv. Bruno Latour: Actor-Network-Theory and the Hyphen which disappeared
v. Paul Feyarabend: Anarchistic Theory of Science

Unit 2: Empire and Science

i. Concepts of Localization, Circulation, Domestication and Institutionalization
ii. Public spaces and the emergence of scientific academies and societies: The Royal
Society, The Academy of Science Paris, The Royal Geographical Society
iii. ‘Modern’ization of Science: The Empire’s Colonies

Unit 3: Maps and Nation States - Practicing Geopolitics

i. Different geography(s) and its institutions
ii. Mapping boundaries and determining space
iii. Technological developments: Gunpowder, Print, Machines, Clocks and other
instruments

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Unit 4: Mind, Body and Society - Health and Medicine in the 19th century
i. The ‘Freud and Jung wars’: German Enlightenment and Ethnology
ii. Michael Foucault: Bio-politics and psychology
iii. Institutions: Hospitals, Asylums and ‘colonial’ medicine
iv. War and Eugenics, Development of Medicine
v. 20th century Public Health

Essential Readings:

Thomas Kuhn, Structure of the Scientific Revolutions

Steven Shapin, The Scientific Revolution, and The Scientific Life: A Moral History of a
Late Modern Vocation
Roy Porter, The Cambridge History of Science Volume I: The Eighteenth Century
Simon Schaffer, The Leviathan and the Air Pump: Hobbs, Boyle and the Experimental
Life and The Brokered World: Go-Between and Global Intelligence 1770-11820
Bruno Latour, We Have Never Been Modern and Aramis or The Love of Technology
Paul Feyarabend, Against Method: Outline of an Anarchist Theory Of Knowledge
Dhruv Raina and S. Irfan Habib, Domesticating Modern Science: A Social history Of
Science and Culture in Colonial India
Kavita Philip, Civilizing Natures: Race, Resources and Modernity in Colonial South
India
Deepak Kumar, Science and the Raj
Lorraine Daston and Katherine Park, The Cambridge History of Science Vol. III: Early
Modern Science
Matthew Edney, The Geographical Construction of British India: 1765-1843
Feza Günnergun and Dhruv Raina (Eds.), Science between Europe and Asia: Historical
Studies on the Transmission, Adoption and Adaptation of Knowledge
David Livingstone, Putting Science in its Place: Geographies of Scientific Knowledge
Sigmund Freud, Civilization and its Discontents and Mass Psychology
Carl Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections
B. R. Hergenhahn and Tracy Henley, An Introduction to the History of Psychology
Michel Foucault, Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason
and The Birth of A Clinic
David Arnold, Imperial Medicine and Indigenous Societies, Colonizing the Body: State
Medicine and Epidemic Disease in 19th century India and, The New Cambridge History of
India: Science, technology and Medicine in Colonial India
Alison Bashford and Philippa Levine, The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics
Clare Hanson, Eugenics, Literature and Culture in Post War Britain
Dorothy Porter, Public Health and the Modern State and Health Civilization and the
State: A history of public health from Ancient to Modern times

Suggested Readings:

128
 Roy Porter and G. Rousseau, The Ferment of Knowledge: Studies in the Historiography
of 18th century Science
David Aubin, Charlotte Bigg and H. Otto Sibum (ed.), The Heavens on Earth:
Observatories and Astronomy in 19th century Science and Culture
Dhruv Raina, Social History of Science in Colonial India,
Feza Günnergun and Dhruv Raina (Eds.), Science between Europe and Asia: Historical
Studies on the Transmission, Adoption and Adaptation of Knowledge
Kapil Raj, Relocating Modern Science: Circulation and the construction of knowledge in
South Asia and Europe 1650-1900
Kapil Raj and Simon Schaffer (Eds.), The Brokered World: Go-betweens and Global
Intelligence 1770-1820
Ian J Barrow, Surveying in Ceylon during the 19th century
Felix Driver, Geography Militant
Arjun Appadurai, How Histories Change Geographies (Transcultural Studies, 2010,
Vol.I)
Chris Bayly, Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication
in India 1780-1870
Bruno Latour, The Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts
Helge Krach, An Introduction to the Historiography of Science
Jeremy Black, Maps and History, and Maps and Politics
Stephan Wilson, Introducing The Freud Wars: A Graphic Guide
Mark Monmonier, How to Lie With Maps
Susan Gole, Early Maps of India and India Within The Ganges
P. L. Madan, Indian Cartography
David Woodward and J B Harley, The History of Cartography Series (Volumes I-IV)
David Turnbull, Masons, Tricksters, Cartographers

HIST-DSE 3D
HISTORY OF SOUTH EAST ASIA – THE 20TH CENTURY

UG- III, Semester- VI

Course Worth: 6 credits

Course Description: This UG course shall look into the making of the modern South Asia
with a focus on colonialism and colonial experience, interregional migration, social
movement, political mobilization and emergence of the new nation states.

Unit 1. South East Asia at the turn of 20th Century

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 (a) South East Asia before Colonialism (b) Colonialism, and colonial experience (c)
Migration of labour, (c) Socio-economic trends and political implications

Unit 2. Movements of Resistance and the making of new identities

(a) Traditional Social and Cultural Order and Peasant Resistance, (b) Radicalism and the
Origins of the Vietnamese Revolution, 1920-46, (c) Indonesian Revolution

Unit 3. Emergence of Modern Nation and States

(a) The Union of Burma (Myanmar), 1948-1962, (b) Indonesia and the Sukarno Era,
1949-1965, (c) Combodia under Norodom Sihanouk, 1955-1970

Essential Readings:
Owen, Norman, ed. The Emergence of Modern Southeast Asia, Honolulu, U. Hawaii Press,
2005.
Michael Adas, “Immigrant Asians and the Economic Impact of European Imperialism: The
Role of South Asian Chettiars in British Burma. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 22, No. 3
(May 1974), pp. 385-401.
Selections from Kartini’s Letters of a Javanese Princess, available online at
www.gutenberg.org/files/34647/34647-h/34647-h.htm.
Eric Tagliacozzo, “The Lit Archipelago: Coast Lighting and the Imperial Optic in Insular
Southeast Asia, 1860-1910,” Technology and Culture, vol. 46, no. 2, April 2005, pp. 306-
328.
Harry J. Benda, “Indonesian Islam Under the Japanese Occupation, 1942-45.” Pacific Affairs,
Vol. 28, No. 4 (Dec., 1955), pp. 350-362
Michael H. Hunt, Vietnam War Reader: A Documentary History from American and
Vietnamese Perspectives. Please read parts 5.6 (pp. 164-169), 5.8 (pp.170-171), and 5.10 (pp.
172-175).
Porter and Roberts, “Creating a Bloodbath by Statistical Manipulation,” Pacific Affairs, 61, 2,
Summer 1988, pp. 303-10.
Nguyen AnNinh, “France in Indochina” (1925), in: Truong Buu Lam, Colonialism
Experienced. Vietnamese Writings on Colonialism 1900-1931 (Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press, 2000), 190-207; “A Market Women”, in: Walter L. Williams et al, Javanese
Lives. Women and Men in Modern Indonesian Society (New Brunswick: Rudgers University
Press, 1991), 13-18; BertilLintner, Land of Jade. A Journey through Insurgent Burma
(Bangkok: White Lotus, 1990), 137-143; Roxana Waterson, ed., Southeast Asian Lives.
Personal Narratives and Historical Experience (Singapore: National University of Singapore
Press, 2007), 221-228, 238-242.
M.C. Ricklefs et al, A New History of Southeast Asia (Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2010), 238-262;
P. Pospos, Me and Toba, in: Tineke Hellwig & Eric Tagliacozzo, eds., The Indonesia Reader.
History, Culture, Politics (Durham: Duke University Press, 2009), 286-290.
Paul H. Kratoska, “Southeast Asia from the Japanese Occupation to Independence”, in:
Norman G. Owen, Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian History (London: Routledge,
2014), 65-74.
Stein Tonnesson, “War and Peace between Nations since 1945”, and John Roosa,
“Separatism, Civil War, and Genocide. Conflicts within Nations”in: Norman G. Owen,
Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian History (London: Routledge, 2014), 96-107, and
108-118.

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Thant Myint-U, The River of Lost Footsteps: A Personal History of Burma (New York:
Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006)

Suggested Readings:

D. R. SarDesai ed. Southeast Asian History: Essential Readings. Westview Press, 2006.
Andrew Hardy: Red Hills: Migrants and the State in the Highlands of Vietnam (Nordic
Institute of Asian Studies Press/University of Hawaii Press, 2003)
Ann Laura Stoler: Capitalism and Confrontation in Sumatra’s Plantation Belt, 1870–1979
(New Haven, 1985)
Tarling, Nicholas, ed. (1992). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia. Vol. 2: The
nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Barr, Michael D. &Skrbis, Zlatko (2008). Constructing Singapore.Elitism, Ethnicity and the
Nation-Building Project.Copenhagen: NIAS Press.
Bhagowati, Surajit Kumar (2014). Women in Southeast Asia: Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos,
Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, Timor, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, New Delhi :
New Century Publ., 2014.
Boomgaard, Peter (2007). Southeast Asia.An Environmental History. Santa Barbara: ABC-
CLIO.
Boomgaard, Pieter, ed. (2004), Smallholders and stockbreeders. History of foodcrop and
livestock farming in Southeast Asia, Leiden: KITLV Press.
Brocheux, Pierre &Hémery, Daniel (2009).Indochina. An Ambiguous Colonization, 1858-
1954. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Brömmelhörster, Jörn&Paes, Wolf-Christian, eds. (2003). The Military as an Economic
Actor.Soldiers in Business. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Thant Myint-U, The Making of Modern Burma (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2000).

HIST-DSE 3E
READING INTERFAITH RELATIONS IN WORLD HISTORY
UG III, Semester- VI
Course worth: 6 credits

Contents

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World History is more or less a record of amity and enmity between peoples of different
religious persuasions. The history of their relations continues to shape our present and would
in turn impact our future. The course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of
interfaith relations in world history.

1. Amity: This unit attempts to understand what enables us to achieve and sustain
interfaith amity through the study of various cases from across the world and time.

1.1 Asoka (268-232 BCE)

1.2 Arab Spain (711-1492 CE)
1.3 Maimonides (1138-1204 CE)
1.4 Kabir (1399 – 1448/1518 CE)
1.5 Kitab-i-Nauras and Ibrahim Adil Shah of Bijapur (1571-1627)
1.6 Akbar (1542-1605)
1.7 Dabistan-i-Mazahib by Mabat Shah/Mohsin ul-Fani (16th c)
1.8 Jewish Sufis in India, Iran and Central Asia
1.9 Muslim Rishis of Kashmir
1.10 Husaini Brahmins
1.11 Manganiar Singers of Rajasthan
1.12 Bosnia-Herzegovina
1.13 Jews in India and China
1.14 Charity and Philanthropy
1.15 Salonica

2. Bigotry: Study of the most prominent examples and instances of bigotry from
different parts of the world with the objective of understanding what produces it, how
it thrives and what are its consequences and ramifications.

2.1 Antisemesteritism
2.2 Islamophobia
2.3 Islamism
 Persecution of Bahais in Iran
 Persecution of Qadianis and Ahmadis in Pakistan
 Genocide of Yazidis in Iraq
 Taliban ruled Afghanistan
2.4 Buddhist Militancy
Myanmar/Burma
Sri Lanka
2.5 Hindu Nationalism or Hindutva

3. Conflicts: Study of the major interfaith conflicts and how they have determined the
course of history and how they continue to influence interfaith relations even today

3.1 Conversion
 Christianity
 Islam

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 3.2 Desecration of Temples and Appropriation of Places of Worship
 By Christians
 By Muslims
3.3 Jerusalem
3.4 Polemics in Religious Literature
3.5 Interfaith Marriages

4. Clashes: Causes and Consequences

4.1 Crusades
4.2 Thirty Years War
4.3 Pogroms
4.4 Jihad
4.5 Hindu-Muslim Riots
4.6 Anti-Sikh Violence
4.7 Khalistan Movement
4.8 Bosnia
4.9 Buddhist-Muslim clashes in Burma and Sri Lanka
4.10 Buddhist-Hindu clashes in Bhutan
4.11 Islamist Terrorism

5. Interfaith Activism, Dialogue and Reconciliation: Study of the history of interfaith

dialogue through the ages, an assessment of its successes and failures, and analysis of
what impact it would have on the world’s future

5.1 Abrahamic Religions

5.2 Indic Religions
5.3 Indic Religions – Abrahamic Religions
5.4 Nostra Aetate
5.5 Christian-Muslim Activism
5.6 Jewish-Muslim Activism

6. Role of Religion Journalism: Why journalists fail to get religion and how it impacts
society and what constructive role can the journalists play in the betterment of
interfaith relations.

7. State and Religion: An analysis through various case studies from different parts of
the world, of the state’s attitude towards the religious majority and the religious
minorities and how that determines how peaceful a society is.

Essential Readings:
Agrawal, Purushottam, “But for Kabir in this Kaliyuga…”, India International Quarterly,
Vol 37, No 2 (Autumn 2010), pp. 36-45
Ali, M Athar, “Muslims’ Perception of Judaism and Christianity in Medieval India”,
Modern Asian Studies, Vol 33, No 1 (Feb 1999), pp 243-255

133
Ali, M Athar, “Pursuing an Elusive Seeker of Universal Truth: The Identity and
Environment of the Author of the ‘Dabistan-i Mazāhib’”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic
Society, Third Series, Vol 9, No 3 (Nov 1999), pp 365-373
Ali, M Athar, “Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar’s Court”, Social Scientist, Vol
20, No 9/10, Sep-Oct 1992, pp 38-45
Bangha, Imre, “Kabir Reconstructed”, Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum
Hungaricae, Vol 63, No 3 (Sep 2010), pp 249-258
Blumenthal, David R, “Maimonides’ Philosophic Mysticism”, Daat: A Journal of Jewish
Philosophy and Kabbalah, No 64/66, Maimonides and Mysticism, 2009, pp V-XXV
Brass, Paul R, The Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in Contemporary India
(Jackson School Publications in International Studies), University of Washington Press,
2005
Brown, Daniel S, ed., Interfaith Dialogue in Practice: Christian, Muslim, Jew, Fordham
University Press, 2012
Brown, R Khari and Ronald E Brown, Review of Religious Research, Vol 53, No 3 (Dec
2011), pp 323-340
Bunzl, Matti, Anti-Semesteritism and Islamophobia – Hatreds Old and New in Europe,
University of Chicago Press, 2007
Burman, J J Roy, “Hindu-Muslim Syncretism in India”, Economic and Political Weekly,
Vol 31, No 20 (May 18, 1996), pp 1211-1215
Canalos, David, “Kabir”, Mahfil, Vol 6, No 2/2 (1970), pp 63-69
Dalmia, Vasudha and Munis D. Faruqui, Religious Interactions in Mughal India, Oxford
University Press, 2014
Demant, Peter R, Islam vs Islamism: The Dilemma of the Muslim World, Praeger
Publishers Inc, 2006
Eaton, Richard M, Temple Desecration and Muslim States in Medieval India, 2004
Ernst, Carl W, “Muslim Studies of Hinduism? A Reconsideration of Arabic and Persian
Translations from Indian Languages”, Iranian Studies, Vol 36, No 2 (Jun 2003), pp 173-
195
Fleming, K E, “’Salonica’s Jews’: A Metropolitan History”, Jewish History, Vol 28, No
¾, Special Issue on Salonica’s Jews (2014), pp 449-455
Flood, Finbarr Barry, Objects of Translation, Material Culture and the Medieval “Hindu-
Muslim” Encounter, Princeton University Press, 2009
Green-Ahmanson, Roberta, et al, eds., Blind Spot: When Journalists Don't Get Religion,
OUP USA, 2009
Greene, Evarts B, Religion and the State, Cornell University Press, 1959.
Hepps, Robert B and Elaine Dorfman, “Interfaith Marriage and Social Participation”,
Journal of Religion and Health, Vol 5, No 4 (Oct 1966), pp 324-333
Huang, Yong, “Religious Pluralism and Interfaith Dialogue: Beyond Universalism and
Particularism”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol 37, No 3 (Jun
1995), pp 127-144
Husain, Tasadduq, “The Spiritual Journey of Dara Shukoh”, Social Scientist, Vol 30, No
7/8 (Jul-Aug 2002), pp 54-66
Jaffrelot, Christophe, Hindu Nationalism: A Reader, Permanent Black, 2009
Jurji, Edward J, “Interfaith and Intercultural Communication”, Numen, Vol 15, Fasc 5
(May 1968), pp 81-93

134
Katz, Nathan, “The Identity of a Mystic: The Case of Sa’id Sarmad, a Jewish-Yogi-Sufi
Courtier of the Mughals”, Numen, Vol 47, No 2 (2000), pp 142-160
Khan, Iqtidar Alam, “Akbar’s Personality Traits and World Outlook: A Critical
Reappraisal”, Social Scientist, Vol 20, No 9/10 (Sep-Oct 1992), pp 16-30
Kirkham, David M, State Responses to Minority Religions (Ashgate Inform Series on
Minority Religions and Spiritual Movements), Routledge, 2013
Kumar, Sehdev, “Kabir: Communicating the Incommunicable”, India International
Centre Quarterly, Vol 10, No 2, MEDIA: Response and Change (June 1983), pp 206-215
Lewis, Bernard, Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of
Discovery, OUP, 1996.
Locke, Harvey J, et al, “Interfaith Marriages”, Social Problems, Vol 4, No 4 (Apr 1957),
pp 329-333
McVittie, John, “Akbar – The Great Moghul”, The Australian Quarterly, Vol 22, No 4
(Dec 1950), pp 81-93
Morgan, Peggy, “The Study of Religions and Interfaith Encounter”, Numen, Vol 42, No 2
(May 1995), pp 156-171
Parveen, Babli, “The Eclectic Spirit of Sufism in India: An Appraisal”, Social Scientist,
Vol 42, No 11/12 (Nov-Dec 2014), pp 39-46
Schmidt-Leukel, Perry, Islam and Inter-faith Relations 2006: The Gerald Weisfeld
Lectures, 2007
Segal, Jerome M, Shlomit Levy et al, Negotiating Jerusalem (Suny Series in Israeli
Studies), State University of New York Press, 2000
Shryock, Andrew, Islamophobia/Islamophilia: Beyond the Politics of Enemy and Friend
(Indiana Series in Middle East Studies), 2010
Sikand, Yoginder, Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Interfaith
Relations, RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2004
Sikand, Yoginder, Sacred Spaces: Exploring Traditions of Shared Faith in India, Penguin
Books, India, 2003
Sirry, Munim, Scriptural Polemics: The Qur'an and Other Religions, Oxford University
Press, 2014
Stahl, Roland, “The Philosophy of Kabir”, Philosophy East and West, Vol 4, No 2 (Jul
1954), pp 141-155
Taras, Raymond C, Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe, Edinburgh University
Press, 2012
Truschke, Audrey, Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court, Allen Lane,
2016
Tyerman, Christopher, Crusades: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press,
2006
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Annual Report 2015
Varshney, Ashutosh, Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India, Yale
University Press, 2003
Vaudeville, Charlotte and Hary B Partin, “Kabir and Interior Religion”, History of
Religions, Vol 3, No 2 (Winter 1964), pp 191-201
Veer, Peter van der, Religious Nationalism – Hindus and Muslims in India, University of
California Press, 1994

135
 Zeitlin, Solomon, “Maimonides”, The American Jewish Yearbook, Vol 37 (Sep 28, 1935
to Sep 16, 1936), pp 61-97

Suggested Readings:

Abbas, Hasan, The Taliban Revival – Violence and Extremism on the Pakistan-
Afghanistan Frontier, Yale University Press, 2014
Ahmad, Aziz, Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment (Oxford India
Paperbacks)
Ahmad, Irfan, Islamism and Democracy in India, Permanent Black, 2013
Alam, Muzaffar, The Languages of Political Islam in India: c 1200-1800, Orient
Blackswan Private Limited - New Delhi; 1st edition, 2008
Allen, S J, and Emilie Amt, The Crusades: A Reader, University of Toronto Press,
Second Edition, 2014
Assayag, Jackie, At the Confluence of Two Rivers: Muslims and Hindus in South
India, Manohar, New Delhi, 2004
Basu, Amrita, Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India (Cambridge Studies in
Contentious Politics), Cambridge University Press, 2015
Bauman, Chad M, Pentecostals, Proselytization and Anti-Christian Violence in
Contemporary India (Global Pentecostalism and Charismatic Christianity), Oxford
University Press, USA, 2015
Blidstein, Moshe and Adam Silverstein, The Oxford Handbook of the Abrahamic
Religions, Oxford Handbooks, 2015
Brookshaw, Dominic Parviz, The Baha'is of Iran: Socio-Historical Studies
(Routledge Advances in Middle East and Islamic Studies), 2007
Byman, Daniel, Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement: What
Everyone Needs to know?, Oxford University Press, 2015
Cigar, Norman, Genocide in Bosnia: The Policy of Ethnic Cleansing (Eastern
European Studies), Texas A & M University Press, 1995
Crouch, Melissa, Islam and the State in Myanmar: Muslim-Buddhist Relations and
the Politics of Belonging, Oxford University Press, 2016
Dharwadker, Vinay, Kabir (Penguin Classics), 2003
Dhillon, Kirpal, Identity and Survival: Sikh Militancy in India 1978-1993, Penguin
India, 2006
Dumper, Michael, Jerusalem Unbound - Geography, History, and the Future of the
Holy City, Columbia University Press, 2014
Eaton, Richard Maxwell, The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700: Social Roles of Sufis in
Medieval India, Princeton University Press, 2015
Friedmann, Yohanan, Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the
Muslim Tradition (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization), 2006
Habib, Irfan, Akbar and his India: His Empire and Environment, Oxford India
Paperbacks, 1999
Hasan, Mushirul, Islam in the Subcontinent: Muslims in a Plural Society, Manohar
Publishers, 2003
Hess, Linda and Shukhdeo Singh, The Bijak of Kabir, Oxford University Press, 2002
Ibrahim Adil Shah, Kitab-i-Nauras, Bharatiya Kala Kendra, 1956

136
Ibrahim, Azeem, The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar’s Hidden Genocide, C Hurst & Co
Publishers Ltd, 2016
Islam, Maidul, Limits of Islamism: Jamaat-e-Islami in Contemporary India and
Bangladesh, Cambridge University Press, 2015
Jalal, Ayesha, Partisans of Allah – Jihad in South Asia, Harvard University Press,
2008
Kaminetz, Rodger, The Jew in the Lotus: A Poet's Rediscovery of Jewish Identity in
Buddhist India, HarperOne, 2007
Katz, Sheila H, Connecting with the Enemy: A Century of Palestinian-Israeli Joint
Nonviolence, University of Texas Press, 2016
Kessler, Edward and Amineh Hoti, Themes in Muslim-Jewish Relations, 2007
Khan, Mohammad Ishaq, Kashmir’s Transition to Islam: The Role of Muslim Rishis
(15th to 18th Century), 2002
Klier, John Doyle, and Shlomo Lambroza, eds, Pogroms: Anti-Jewish Violence in
Modern Russian History, Cambridge University Press, 2004
Kraemer, Joel L, Maimonides: The Life and World of One of Civilization’s Greatest
Minds, Image, 2008
Liechty, Joseph, and Cecelia Clegg, Moving Beyond Sectarianism: Religion, Conflict
Reconciliation in Northern Ireland, Columbia Press, 2000
Martin, Richard and Abbas Berzegar, Islamism: Contested Perspectives on Political
Islam, Stanford University Press, 2009
Matinuddin, Kamal, The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994-1997, Oxford
University Press, 2000
Mazower, Mark, Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews: 1430-1950,
HarperCollins, 2004
Meri, Josef W, ed., Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Psychology
Press, p. 108
Meri, Josef, The Routledge Handbook of Muslim-Jewish Relations, 2016
Meyerson, Mark D, A Jewish Renaissance in Fifteenth Century Spain, Princeton
University Press, 2004
Mookerji, Radhakumud, Asoka, Motilal Banarsidas Publishers, 2002
Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism, Oxford
University Press, USA, 1996
Pulla, Venkat, ed, The Lhotsampa People of Bhutan: Resilience and Survival,
Palgrave Macmillan; 1st ed. 2016
Qasmi, Ali Usman, The Ahmadis and the Politics of Religious Exclusion in Pakistan
(Anthem Modern South Asian History), 2014
Rai, Mridu, Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of
Kashmir, Permanent Black, 2012
Randall, Yafiah Katherine, Sufism and Jewish-Muslim Relations: The Derekh
Avraham Order in Israel (Routledge Sufi Series), 2016
Robinson, Rowena and Sathianathan, Religious Conversion in India: Modes,
Motivations and Meanings, Oxford University Press, 2007
Smith, Vincent A and W W Hunter, Asoka: The Buddhist Emperor of India, Books
for All, 2008
Smith, Vincent A, Akbar: The Great Mogul (1542-1605)

137
Suri, Sanjay, 1984 The Anti-Sikh Violence and After, Harper Collins India; First
edition, 2015
Talim, Meena, Edicts of King Asoka: A New Vision, Aryan Books International, 2010
Tambiah, S J, Buddhism Betrayed, University of Chicago Press, Second Edition, 1992
Taras, Raymond C, Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe, Edinburgh University
Press, 2012
Thapar, Romila, Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, Third Edition, 2012
Tyerman, Christopher, Crusades: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press,
2006
Valkeberg, Pim, and Anthony Cirelli, Nostra Aetate: Celebrating 50 Years of the
Catholic Church's Dialogue with Jews and Muslims, The Catholic University of
America Press, 1999
Varshney, Ashutosh, Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India,
Yale University Press, 2003

HIST DSE-4

UNDERGRADUATE DISSERTATION

138