Topic 4 – Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions

Day Complete by Topics covered Tasks

8 April 27th Acids & Bases Topics 1-3 Self-Assessment -Begin self-assessment
9 April 28th Acids & Bases Topics 1-3 Self-Assessment -Complete and turn in self-
assessment
10 April 29th Neutralization Reactions -Watch video on neutralization
reactions
-Read notes
-Practice problems
11 April 30th Acid-Base Titrations and Indicators -Watch video on titrations
-Read notes
-Practice problems
12 May 1st Titration Equation -Watch video on titration
equations
-Practice problems

Day 10 (April 29th) – Neutralization Reactions

A. Acid/ Base Neutralization Reactions

1. are reactions in which an acid and a base in an aqueous solution react to produce a salt and
water. A salt is any ionic compound made up of a cation from the base and an anion from
the acid.

2. are double replacement reactions

3. Neutralized solutions may range in pH values; it not necessarily a solution with a pH = 7.

a. If a strong acid is neutralized with a strong base, then the resulting solution has a pH = 7.
b. If a strong acid is neutralized with a weak base, then the resulting solution has a pH < 7.
c. If a weak acid is neutralized with a strong base, then the resulting solution has a pH > 7.
d. If a weak acid is neutralized with a weak base, then the resulting solution may result in a
pH > or < 7. This is a special case and the final pH of the neutralized solution depends on
the strength of the acid and base used in the neutralization process.

4. Neutralization occurs when equivalent molar quantities of an acid and a hydroxide base are
mixed, one mole of H+ from an acid combines with 1 mole of OH- from a base to form H2O.

5. moles of H+ ion from the acid = moles of OH- ion from the base

B. Writing Neutralization Reactions

1. Products are always a salt & H2O

2. Salt = Ionic Compound = cation (+ ion) comes from the base

anion (-ion) comes from the acid

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3. Practice Examples (Remember, neutralization reactions are always double replacement reactions!)

a. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) 

b. HC2H3O2(aq) + NaOH(aq) 

c. HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq) 

d. HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) 

4. Practice Problems

Predict the products for the following neutralization reactions, and then balance each equation.

a. HClO2(aq) + KOH(aq) 

b. Ca(OH)2 (aq) + HNO3(aq) 

c. Mg(OH)2 (aq) + HClO2 (aq) 

d. NaOH(aq) + HF(aq) 

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Day 11 (April 30th) – Titrations and Acid-Base Indicators

C. Acid-Base Titration

1. Description: A method for determining the concentration of a solution (acidic or basic) by reacting a known
volume of that solution with a solution of known concentration. A solution of known concentration (the
standard solution or the titrant) is added to a measured amount of solution of unknown concentration until
neutralization occurs. The point at which neutralization occurs is known as the equivalence point.

2. Key Points: At the equivalence point, the moles of H+ ion from the acid equal the moles of OH- ion from the
base.

3. Procedure:
a. A measured volume of an acidic or basic solution of unknown concentration is placed in an
Erlenmeyer flask.
b. A buret is filled with the titrating solution of known concentration. This is called the standard
solution or the titrant.

c. An acid-base indicator is used to determine the endpoint of the titration

i. Acid-base indicators (Table M)
1. are substances that change color with changing pH.
2. have a specific pH or pH ranges over which they change color.

Indicator Indicator Color

methyl orange pH< 3.1 Between pH> 4.4

Red pH 3.1 - 4.4 Yellow
Orange
bromthymol blue pH< 6.0 Between pH> 7.6
yellow pH 6.0 – 7.6 blue
green
phenolphthalein pH < 8 Between pH> 9
colorless pH 8 - 9 pink
light pink
litmus pH < 4.5 Between pH> 8.3
red pH 4.5 – 8.3 blue
purple
bromcresol green pH < 3.8 Between pH> 5.46
yellow pH 3.8 – 5.4 blue
green
thymol blue pH < 8.0 Between pH> 9.6
yellow 8.0 – 9.6 blue
green
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ii. The endpoint of the titration is the point at which the indicator used in a titration
changes color.

iii. It is important to select an acid-base indicator that will change color at the
equivalence point of the titration.

iv. The acid-base color change (a visual cue) is indicative that just enough titrant
solution has been added to neutralize the unknown solution.
v. Practice Problems

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9. Aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, has a pH of 3.9. What are the predicted colors when tested with the following acid/base
indicators: thymol blue _____; bromcresol green _____; litmus ______; methyl orange _____

10. If an aqueous solution turns phenolphthalein pink, the solution will turn litmus
a) red
b) purple
c) blue
d) violet

11. An indicator was used to test a water solution with a pH of 12. Which indicator color would be observed?
a) Colorless with litmus
b) Colorless with phenolphthalein
c) Red with litmus
d) Pink with phenolphthalein

12. According to Reference Table M, at what pH would the indicators bromthymol blue, thymol blue,
and methyl orange all appear yellow?
a) 1.9
b) 2.9
c) 4.7
d) 8.7

13. Which 0.1 M solution will turn phenolphthalein pink?

a) HBr(aq)
b) CO2(aq)
c) LiOH(aq)
d) CH2OH(aq)

14. Describe how the concentration of H3O+ ions change as solutions treated with bromcresol green change from
yellow to blue.

15. A solution tested with litmus paper turned the litmus paper blue. Describe how the concentration of the
hydronium ion compares to the concentration of the hydroxide ion in the solution.

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Day 12 (May 1st) – Titration Equations
4. The Titration Equation: MAVA(#H+) = MBVB(#OH-), where … MA = molarity of the acid
(Table T) VA = volume of the acid
#H+= # H+ ions released by acid
MB = molarity of base
VB = volume of base
#OH- = # OH- ions released by the base
5. Practice Examples
a. What volume of 2.0 M HNO3 is needed to neutralize 40. ml of 5.0 M NaOH?

b. In a titration, 27.4 mL of 0.0154 M Ba(OH)2 is added to a 20.0 mL sample of HCl solution of

unknown concentration. What is the molarity of the acid solution?

c. By titration, 17.6 mL of H2SO4(aq) neutralized 27.4 mL of 0.0165 M LiOH solution. What

was the molarity of the aqueous acid solution?

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6. Practice Problems
____ 1. During an acid-base neutralization, how many moles of hydroxide ions will react with one mole
of hydrogen ions?

a) 1.0 mole
b) 0.5 mole
c) 17.0 mole
d) 22.4 mole

____ 2. How many moles of KOH are needed to exactly neutralize 500. ml of 1.0 M HCl?
a) 1.0 mole
b) 2.0 mole
c) 0.25 mole
d) 0.50 mole

3. Consider the following reaction: KOH + HCl  H2O + H2O

How many milliliters of 2.0 M KOH are necessary to neutralize 50. mL of 1.0 M HCl? (ans. 25 mL KOH)

4. How many milliliters of 2.5 M HCl are required to exactly neutralize 1.5L of 5.0 M NaOH?
(ans. 3.0 x 103 mL HCl)

5. How many milliliters of 0.200 M NaOH are needed to neutralize 100. ml of 0.100 M HCl?
(ans. 50.0 mL NaOH)

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6. A 70.0 mL sample of sulfuric acid(H2SO4) solution is neutralized by 256.3 mL 0.100 M NaOH
solution. What is the molarity of the sulfuric acid solution? (Hint: Note the mole ratio of the reactants
in the balanced chemical equation.) (ans. 0.183 M H2SO4)

7. How many moles of HCl(aq) are required to neutralize 0.10 mole Ca(OH) 2(aq)? (ans. 0.20 mole HCl)

8. What is the molarity of a solution of H3PO4 if 15.0 mL is neutralized by 38.5 mL of 0.150M NaOH?
(ans. 0.128 M H3PO4)

____ 9. The neutralization of 10.0 ml of 2.0 M HCl requires only 4.0 ml of a solution of NaOH.
What is the molarity of the base?
a) 12 M b) 0.14 M c) 5.0 M d) 8.0 M

____ 10. 55.0 ml of 0.300 M HBr(aq) were required to neutralize completely a solution of 71.0 ml of
NaOH. What was the molarity of the base?
a) 0.232 M b) 1.20 M c) 0.0445 M d) 9.01 M

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____ 11 How many milliliters of 2.0 M NaOH are needed to neutralize exactly 50.mL of 2.0 M HCl?
a) 25mL b) 50.mL c) 100mL d) 200

____ 12. If 20.0 ml of 1.0 M solution of HCl is neutralized by exactly 40. ml of NaOH, the molarity
of the NaOH solution was
a) 1.0 b) 2.0 c) 0.50 d) 4.0

____ 13. What is the molarity of sodium hydroxide if 20.0 mL of the solution is neutralized by 17.4 mL
of 1.00M H3PO4(aq) ?

____ 14. A 25.0 mL solution of H2SO4 is neutralized by 18.0 mL of 1.0M NaOH. What is the

concentration of the H2SO4 solution? The equation for the reaction is

H2SO4(aq) 2NaOH(aq)  Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(1)

____ 15. How many grams of KOH are needed to neutralize exactly 500. ml of 1.0 M HCl?