MODULE 1: MGA PANIMULA AT PANGUNAHING SANDALAN - Ang malalim na pagbababad at karanasan ay maaaring magdala sa mag-aaral sa mabungang

SYNCHRONOUS SESSION UGNAYAN, pakikitungo at pakikipagkaibigan at pakiki-isa sa mga tao sa komunidad

SIRKULONG PASTORAL (PASTORAL CIRCLE) - Pinili ni Kristo makiisa sa mga tao kahit na siya ang Diyos
- Praxis - Concept of the poor is different from contact with the poor
- Aplikasyon ng teorya
- Practice ng pagtuturo ni Hesus/Kristyanong pananampalataya PANGALAWANG MUKHA: PAGSUSURING PANLIPUNAN
- Spiral - Engagement of the mind “cognitive”
- Walang umpisa at dulo ang Sirkulong Pastoral - Layunin na unawain ang mas malawak na kalagayan ng dukhang pamayanan at mag-anak na
nakaniig sa imersyon area
- Dahil walang pagsusuri na “value-free”, kailangang liwanagin at ilantad ng mag-aaral ang
kani-kanilang pinanghahawakang mga halagahin (values, bias) na tiyak na magiging batayan
ng kani-kanilang pagsusuri

PANGATLONG MUKHA: PAGNINILAY TEOLOHIKO

- Engagement of the heart “affective”
- Pag-unawa ng isinuring kalagayan ng mga naturanf dukha, mula sa punto de vista ng
Pagbubunyag ng Diyos at Pananampalatayang Kristyano
- Goal is to offer a voice that can dictate kung saan ka titindig regarding a certain issue
- Offered by faith sources: scripture, church tradition, human experience
- Hindi na sapat ang dating depenisyon ng teolohiya bilang faith seeking understanding
- Faith seeking understanding — faith that does justice (pananampalatayang kumikilos para sa
katarungan)

IKA-APAT NA MUKHA: KILOS-PASTORAL

UNANG MUKHA: KARANASAN - Engagement of the hands and feet “effective”
- Engagement of the senses - Isakatuparan ang makakayanang pagbabago sa kalagayang sinuri’t pinagnilayan na, upan
- Pagbababad sa, at pagdanasang, buhay ng dukhang mag-anal at ng mga walang-wala at api sa makapagbabad muli at maiwasan ang PARALYSIS OF ANALYSIS
lipunang Filipino, na nauuwi sa pakikisama at pakiki-isa sa kanila - Dito pinatototoo na hungkag ang pananampalatayang hindi gumagawa ng katarungan
- Dukha dahil sila ang pinaka nangangailangan - Hungkag: mababaw
- Privileged presence of Christ in the poor - Layuning palayain ang lahat sa pagdurusa/kahirapan
- Dulot nito ay ang mismong pagdanas ng KATALAGAHAN (realidad) ng pagiging dukha (la
realidad de pobreza) at mga anak-pawis KASALANAN
- Lalagpas sa awa— naranasan mo mismo ang hirap - Failure to love
- Gagamitin ang pandama upang maging ganao ang pagnamnam sa katotohanang - Regarded as a social, historical fact, the absence of fellowship and love in relationships
kinapapalooban among persons
- Breach of friendship with God and with other persons
 - Internal fracture KINGDOM OF GOD
- Not a political theory
- Reign of God
POVERTY
- Expression of sin … a negation of love SALVATION FROM SIN
- It is therefore incompatible with the coming of the Kingdom of God … a Kingdom of love, SALVATION FROM DEATH
peace, and justice
- Chronic absence of love, responsibility & righteousness (Haight) Personal Sin
- About relationships that don’t work, that isolate, that abandon or devalue - Personal acts of egoism
- Poverty means DEATH - Self-centeredness
- Physical death (premature and unjust) - We are liberated by recognition of God’s love
- Destruction of individuals, peoples, cultures, and traditions - As well as conversion and repentance
- Kamatayan ng pagbibigay halaga at dangal sa buhay ng tao (moral na pagkamatay)
- The most devastating and humiliating kind of scourge (Puebla #29) Social Sin
- Anti-evangelical (1159) - Sinful social structures/systems/traditions
- From Greek euangelion “good news” - We are liberated by Christian discipleships/militant action
- What is the good news? LOVE. GOD IS LOVE.
- The sin that characterizes human life is not just found in me as an individual (PERSONAL Physical Death
SIN), but also hardened into systems and institutions (STRUCTURAL SIN) that bear down - Death-dealing effects of lack of basic needs & poverty
on people in a destructive way against God’s will - Sinful social structures
- We are liberated by Christian discipleship/militant action
KALIGTASAN
- “Katubusan” Spiritual Death
- Tinutubos tayo ng Diyos kasi mahalaga tayo - Human fear & deep anxiety of “death having the final say”
- Loving union with God, one another and all creation - We are liberated by belief in the KOG already here but not yet
- Aim of the Kingdom of God - Promise of hope from Christ’s resurrection
- Mission of Christ
- Desire deep in the hearts of all human beings
- It is NOT about getting to “another place” called Heaven
- Heaven IS the ultimate loving union

Points
FATHER OF ALL
- If we believe that we have one God, then we are all brothers and sisters
- “Hindi mo matitiis ang iyong kapatid”
- We must help each other
 - Because everyone around us is poor, we are also poor
PREFERENTIAL OPTION FOR THE POOR
Who are the poor? Who makes the POFTP?
- NONPERSONS - Option of the whole Church
- Hindi makatao ang sitwasyon - Make an option for the poor, not as an option against the rich, but rich for the poor
- Poor, exploited, those systematically and unlawfully stripped of their human status
- Different from UNPERSONS Do the poor also have the POFTP?
- Hindi nagpapakatao - The poor themselves are called to make an option that gives priority to the “insignificant” and
- EBYON oppressed
- Beggar a. Journeying with and Helping each other
- One who is lacking something and who awaits it from another b. Community leadership and Empowerment
- DAL c. Militant action
- The weak one
- ANI Grounds for POFTP
- The one laboring a weight
- PTOKOS
- One who does not have what is necessary to subsist
- The terms express a degrading situation
- Already insinuate a protest
- They take a stand
- MahIRAP
- Hindi natin alam kung sino sila kung hindi natin kilala (walang pangalan at mukha) at kung
hindi natin ramdam ang “loob” nila (pahalaga sa kwento at konteksto)
- Kilalarin rin kung ano ang mayroon at kakayahan nila
- Hindi lang estatistika

FIRST LEVEL
- Lack fundamental needs for human life

SECOND LEVEL
- Nabibili ang kailangan pero hindi sapat ang kapangyarihan upang mabago ang kanilang
buhay
- Who do not participate in the power and decision making

THIRD LEVEL
- COLLECTIVE POVERTY
How do individuals make or implement the OFTP?

MODULE 2: SOCIAL ANALYSIS (PAGSUSURING LIPUNAN)

SOCIAL ISSUES AT SOCIAL SIN
SIN
- Failure to love
- Absence of fellowship and love in relationships among persons
- The breach of friendship with God and with other persons
- Internal fracture (Gustavo Gutierrez)

SIN AND POVERTY

Poverty
- Expression of a sin
- Negation of love
- Incompatible with the coming of the kingdom of God
- Chronic absence of love, responsibility & righteousness (Haight)
- Relationships that don’t work, that isolate, that abandon or devalue (Richard Rohr)
- DEATH Sin
- Physical death (premature and unjust) - The sin that characterizes human life is not just found in me as an individual but is also
- Destruction of individuals, peoples, cultures, and traditions hardened into systems and institutions that bear down on people in a destructive way against
- Kamatayan ng pagbibigay halaga at dangal sa buhay ng tao (Moral death) God’s will
- The most devastating and humiliating kind of scourge (Puebla #29) - Personal sin > Social sin & Institutional violence
- Anti-evangelical (1159)
- Euangelion - good news Social Sin
- Good news: God is love - Externalizes itself in human interaction
- Institutionalized violence (Peace #16) - When patterns of human interaction (in relation to sin or failure to love) become habitual, a
social structure develops

Structural Sin
- When the habitual patterns of human interaction are infected by sin — selfishness, injustice,
pride, greed, hatred — then we have sinful social structures. These sinful social structures can
harden into institutions, and result in a network or environment that effectively hinders
growth in the Christian life
Four Levels of Social Sin (Gregory Baum) SOCIAL STRUCTURES OF GRACE
1. Injustices and dehumanizing trends in the collective life (“in the news”) STRUCTURES OF GRACE:
- E.x. Killing of drug suspects leading to culture of violence ; The war on drugs in the - Sa pag-iral ng katotohanan ng kasalanan ay ang pamamayani ng mas malaki at malalim na
PH is leaving hundres dead in the streets ; PH’s ongoing war on drugs shatters hopes katotohanan ng grasya ng Diyos — ang Kanyang pag-ibig
of peace for a generation
2. The involvement of “symbols” (cultural, religious) that legitimate, reinforce and intensify the GRACE
first level - God’s self gift
- E.x. Duterte on killing drug suspects: It’s a destiny thing ; Donald Trump ‘supports
policy’ that has killed 4,500 people in the PH in five months MODULE 3: MGA PANLIPUNANG TURO NG SIMBAHAN AT ANG TANDA NG
3. “False consciousness” that convinces that the actions are right PANAHON
- E.x. 81% of Filipinos feel safer due to war on drugs - poll PRINCIPLES
- Sa pinakamalalim ng pagninilay at katotohanan… kaligtasan sa ngalan ng? - Once internalized, lead to something
Ano ang kapalit? - They prompt activity, impel motion, direct choices
In Manila, government-sanctioned killings are the new normal - Binabasa ang tanda ng panahon (sign of the times)
4. Level of collective decisions (“value-blindness/institutionalized)
- PH: Duterte seeks death penalty in war on crime ; President Duterte’s war on drugs SIGN OF THE TIMES
threatens the PH’s rule of law - Pastoral Constitution on the “CHURCH IN THE MODERN WORLD” (Gaudium et Spes,
Dec 7, 1965)

THE SOCIETAL DOCTRINE OF THE CHURCH (Second Plenary Council of the Philippines)
- Presents “principles of reflection”, “criteria of judgment,” and “directives for action,”
oriented towards moral conduct
- Offers guidelines to persons on how to live the Gospel of Jesus
 - Underlying principle:
Church’s best kept secret stewardship of creation
1. Integral development rooted in human - On the individual level - “Katiwala”
dignity and solidarity - Must serve total person in all - Binigay ng diyos ang
dimensions mundo dahil may
- On the societal level tiwala siya sa tao
- Development can’t be integral (created by image and
if it does not serve the good of likeness)
the whole community - On private property
- Woman with a hemorrhage - We need to re-affirm the truth
- Integral development- liberation that private property is derived
- Human dignity from the nature of human
- Ano ito? Saan naka-ugat? person, “is valid and necessary
- Created in the image and in itself” and ought to be
likeness of God considered an extension of
- Redeemed by God HUMAN FREEDOM &
- Entrusted with eternal destiny PERSONAL INNOVATION,
- Human rights CARE, ACCOUNTBILITY of
- Paano kaugnay sa human creation (HICA)
dignity? - Underlying principles
- Mga katangian - Social dimension of private property
- Solidarity - The right to private property is
- Means poor people and subordinated to the right to
non-poor people mutually common use, to the fact that
bearing one another goods are meant for everyone
- Giving to each other and - “You are not making a gift of your
receiving from each other the possessions to the poor person. You are
best that they have in order to handing over to him what is his. For
arrive at being with one another what has been given in common for the
- A solid friendship with the poor use of all, you have arrogated to
- Pagsasabuhay yourself. The world is given to all, and
- Paano pwede magpahalaga sa not only to the rich.” - St. Ambrose
dangal ng tao?
- Liwanag at dilim 3. Social justice and love - On love
- For interpersonal relationships
and social structures to be put in
2. Universal purpose of earthly goods and - On common use order, justice is not sufficient.
private property - God destined the earth and all it Love is necessary. While the
contains for all men and all demand of justice is implied by
peoples so that all created love, still justice “attains its
things would be shared fairly inner FULLNESS only in love”
 - In justice, the other - Life
person can remain - Development is the new name
“another”, an alien. In for peace
love the other is a - “If we have no peace, it is because we
friend, even a brother have forgotten that we belong to each
or sister in Christ other” - Mother Teresa
- Justice is the minimal measure - On Active Non-Violence
of love. Love is the full - Non-violence is a quality of the
measure of justice. love of JC. So radically new
- Not simply denouncing poverty but was his love that he obliged his
concrete measures to prevent poverty followers. “Love your enemies”
from being established among the - We consider the peaceful
people of God: fields not harvested to alternative as a mandate of
the very edge, “sabbath”, no interest on evangelical discipleship
loans, “jubilee year” - Mateo 5:38-41
- Underlying principles: common good
and relationships (ugnayan sa isa’t-isa)
- Pagsasabuhay: Ano ang meron ako?
Ano ang wala sa kapwa ko? Ano ang
meron ako na dapat ay meron din sila?
Ano ang meron ako na pedeng mawala
sa akin para magkameron sila?

4. Peace and active non-violence - Peace cannot be equated with the

absence of war nor with a certain
balance of power
- It is a harmony in the human
heart and in the social order
brought about by justice,
requiring respect for human - Underlying principles: Quality of the
dignity and human rights, the love of Christ and evangelical
promotion of the common good discipleship
by one and all, and the constant
practice of solidarity 5. Love of preference for the poor - Privileged presence of Christ
- Respect for diversity, - Matthew 25:31-46 “Ang Huling
dialogue, development Paghatol”
- Diversity - Second Plenary of the Philippines 124:
- Identity “Church of the Poor”
- Dialogue - Church that embraces and
- Voice practices the:
- Development - evangelical spirit of
 poverty
- Detachment
from
possessions MODULE 4: MGA PROPETA ANG KAHARIAN NG DIYOS
with a profound JUSTICE (PERSPECTIVES FROM THE PROPHETIC TRADITION)
trust in the - Conscientisizer
Lord as the sole - To make aware
source of
salvation Ano ang katarungan sa konteksto ng mga Israelita?
- Special love for the
1. Pagsasakonteksto ng pamantayan ng ating katarungan
poor
- Members and - mapagTUOS o katarungang TAOS
leaders have a 2. Pagpapakilala ng Diyos
special love for - Sa Kanyang ktarungang pinapalalm ng HABAG
the poor - Siya ay nasa panig ng mga walang-wala, naaapi (Justice qualified by mercy)
- Being church of the poor in the 3. Pagsasaloob ng biyaya at oag-ibig ng Diyos
PH: - Udyok ng ating pagsasabuhay ng katarungan bilang: “Katapatan sa mga hinihingi ng
- Right to receive in
abundance the help of ating mga ugnayan” / “Justice is fidelity to the demands of our relationship”
spiritual goods of the
church, especially that Mga usapin at panawagan ng mga propeta:
the word of God and 4.1 Halaga at pakikipaglaban para sa lupa
the sacraments from the 4.2 Talaban ng legalidad at mabuting katwiran
pastors 4.3 Yaman at pagkagahaman
- Generously share the
4.4. Ang mga mahihirap at dukha
resources of the church
to the poor
- By pastoral immersion LAND INHERITANCE AND POSSESSION
- By collaboration with - The prophets appear to be: ADVOCATES of the private ownership of property as the right of
the poor all Israelites and as unyielding OPPONENTS of any restriction of the right
- Will not remain silent - Lands as inheritance ; Land as possession
(the voice of the - Land as inheritance from God
voiceless)
- How? They received it in a sacral ceremony of dividing and assigning proportions, a
- Learn from the poor
- Will not compete for cultic way of recognizing that the land was not theirs as a people but came to them as
the most prosperous a gift of their God → divide for all tribes, common public territories → early
parishes or offices capitalism
- “Pamana” - Stewards. Tenants. Katiwala
- Inheritance equates to identity
- Losing their inheritance was losing their identity as a member of the people
and the privileges that went with the identity
 - What is their identity?
- Part of Israel, the chosen people of God
- God’s children!
- Some of these privileges are:
- Participation in the legal assemblies
- Acting in common ventures such as defense
- Being present representatively in festivals
- Lupa (tirahan) ay ang espasyo o lugar m sa mundo
- Ano ang ibig sabihin ng “may lugar ako sa mundo?”
- Kinikilala ka. Umiiral. (pakikilahok, kasama)
- Lupa (tirahan) ay identitad
- Saan ka nakatira? Ah! Masarap iyon pagkain niyo diyan.
- Bahagi ng pagkatao ang kultura, kaugalian ng lugar na
pinanggalingan
- Land as possession
- Land in their possession as the outcome of their history of deliverance
- Land as a sign of salvation
- Lupa (tirahan) ay kaligtasan
- Pagbibigay ng pagkain, tirahan, gamot
- Kaligtasan mula sa pagbabalewala ng society
- When a family lost their land, all was lost. The land was not only the basic economic
good in society, essential to well-being, but it also bestowed identity.
- IP