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Lecture Title: Adjective

Lecture Topics:

 Adjective

Adjective (নাম বিশেষণ)

Adjective কাশক িশে? কত প্রকার ও কী কী?

যে সকে েব্দ দ্বারা যকান Noun িা Pronoun এর য াষ, গুণ, সংখ্যা, পবরমাণ, অিস্থা ইতযাব প্রকাে করা হয়
তাশক Adjective িশে।
[Adjectives qualify only Noun and Pronoun. It specifies the quality, number, and size of noun or
pronoun. Simply, it describes nouns or pronouns.]
Example:
o Namira is a beautiful girl. (এখ্াশন Noun এর গুণ িুঝাশে)
o He has three red pens. (Pronoun এর সংখ্যা িুঝাশে)
o Safi is ill. (Noun এর অিস্থা িুঝাশে)

Classification of Adjective:
i. Qualitative Adjective or Descriptive Adjective or Adjective of quality
ii. Quantitative Adjective or Adjective of quantity
iii. Numeric Adjective or Adjective of Number
iv. Demonstrative Adjective
v. Distributive Adjective
vi. Possessive Adjective
vii. Interrogative Adjective

i. Qualitative Adjective or Adjective of quality:

Expresses the qualities of something or someone.
Such as great, good, bad, wise, poor, nice, happy, pretty, angry, blue, etc.
Note: Adjective গুশো সাধারণত Noun এর পূ শিে িশস। তশি, Adjective গুশো To Be verb িা Linking Verb
এর পশর িশস।
The sky is blue.
I like blue sky.
Example:
- He gives me a great idea.
- Mr. Rahim is a good person.
- He is a bad guy.
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- She is a beautiful girl.
- I am weak today.
- The crow looks ugly.
- This is horizontal line.
- Bangladesh is plain land.
- He married an American lady.
- She is an Indian citizen.
- Shakib is a Bangladeshi player.
- She likes Chinese food.
- We are Asian people.

Note-1: Proper Noun যেশক েখ্ন যকান Adjective গবিত হয় তখ্ন তাশক Proper Adjective িশে। Proper
Adjective এর প্রেম িণে Capital letter হয়। (উপশর যেশষর ৫ বি উ াহরণ য শখ্া।)

ii. Quantitative Adjective or Adjective of quantity: [এগুশো Uncountable Noun এর পূ শিে িশস।]
Expresses or indicates the quantity of a noun or pronoun.
Such as- “some, little, much, enough, whole, sufficient, all, none, more, half, no” etc.
Example:
- I have enough money to buy the car.
- The whole countrymen congratulated the president.
- She wants all the money.
- I need much money.
- There is a little (সামানয) milk in the glass.
- Give me some salt.
- I have no money.
- I need enough support.
- You should take sufficient rest.
- He drank all the water.
iii. Numeric or Adjective of number: [এগুশো Countable Noun এর পূ শিে িশস।]
Express the number or order of something or someone. Such as one, two, three, ………., first,
second, third, ……………, single, double, triple, quadruple, twofold, threefold, fivefold, ………… etc.
Example:
- He can eat ten eggs at a time.
- She is the first girl in the class.
- The house owner does not rent the room to the single person.
- Many men came to the meeting.

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Adjective of number is of two types

i. Definite: (বনব েষ্ট কশর িুঝায়) One, Two, Three, First, Second, Single, Double etc.
ii. Indefinite: ((বনব েষ্ট কশর িুঝায় না)) All, Some, Many, Enough, Several, Few, Sundry
(বিবিধ/নানারকম), No etc.
Definite Numeric adjectives are of three kinds.
Such as-
- Cardinal (one, two, ….),
- Ordinal (first, second, Third, Fourth……)
- Multiplicative (Single, double, Treble, Quadruple ……..)
Note-2: All, Some, Enough, No ইতযাব Countable Noun এিং Uncountable Noun উভশয়র পূ শিে িসশত
পাশর। (এশ র সম্পশকে Determiner অংশে একিু পশর বিস্তাবরত জানশি।)

[N.B.- পরিতেী ৪ প্রকার Adjective ‘Pronoun’ যেশক এশসশে িশে এশ রশক Pronominal Adjective ও িো
হয়। মশন রাখ্শি, উক্ত Adjective গুশো Pronoun বহশসশি একা িযিহৃত হয় বকন্তু Adjective হশে এশ র পশর
Noun োশক।]

iv. Demonstrative Adjective:

Specifies noun or pronoun. Such as this, that, those, these etc.
Example:
- This boy is good.
- That room is hers.
- These books are to be followed.
-Those books are mine.
v. Distributive Adjective:
Express the distributive state of nouns. Such as- every, each, neither, either, both etc.
Example:
- Every movie in the series is popular.
- Both the boys are appreciated by them.
- Each person will get the reward.
vi. Possessive Adjective:
Shows the possession or belongingness in the sentence. Such as- his, her, him, my, our, your,
their, etc.
Example:
- This is her cell phone.

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- I have seen their house.
- Our house is located in Dhaka.

vii. Interrogative Adjective:

Interrogative Adjective modifies nouns in interrogative sentence. Such as which, what, whose,
etc.
Example:
- What kind of man is he?
- Whose phone is this?
- Which program are you listening to?
Note-3: Other Parts of Speech used as Adjective-

Noun:
I like town life.
We stayed in Dhaka hotel.
He went to Bangladesh embassy.
Pronoun:
This pen is mine.
I did not want such notes.
What stupidity is this?
Verb:
Let us go to the play ground.
Adverb:
Ayub Khan was the then (তৎকােীন) president of Pakistan in 1971.
Preposition:
That was an up train.
Present participle: (Adjective)
Never get on a running bus.
Past Participle: (Adjective)
He gave us some rotten fish.
We want to learn spoken English.
We want written documents.
Note-4: Adjective কখ্ন Noun হয়?

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Adjective of Quality এর পূ শিে The িসাশে যসগুশো Plural Common Noun হশয় োয় । এশ র পর Verb বি
Plural হয়। Adjective of Quality েখ্ন Plural Common Noun হয় তখ্ন এশ র পর Noun োশক না, Verb
োশক।
Adjective of Quality Plural Common Noun
He is poor. The poor are weak.
He is a poor man. The young play better.
He is young. The sick are unhappy.
He is a young boy. The brave are successful.
I am sick. The rich are not always happy.
He is a sick patient. The wicked ( ু ষ্টু িযবক্ত) were punished.
The strong have been called to the fight.

Note-5: Compound Adjective/ Hyphenated Adj.

একবি Noun িা Pronoun এর জনয েখ্ন একাবধক Adjective িযিহৃত হয় তখ্ন তাশক Compound Adjective
িশে। Compound Adjective গুশো Phrase নয়। মশন রাখ্শি, Adjective এর কখ্শনা Plural হয় না।
The thin smart boy came alone.
The room has two doors.
It is a two door room. (two doors নয়)
We want a ten year old boy. (ten years নয়)
She is a five foot tall girl. (five feet নয়)
It was a two window room. (two windows নয়)
Note-6: সাধারণত Adjective এর অিস্থান Noun এর পূ শিে এিং Adjective Phrase/ Adjective Clause এর
অিস্থান Noun এর পশর।
- The girl in blue is my sister.
- She is a woman of beauty.
- The boy in white shirt is my cousin.
- I gave him chair made of wood.
- He is without fear.
- I am free from blame.
- Rana wanted a shirt which was costly.
- I know the place where he lives.
- I saw a child who was crying.
িযবতক্রমঃ
- The problem can only be solved by the God Almighty. (Adjective পশর িশসশে)
- Omar the Great was a just (নযায়পরায়ণ) ruler.
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- Have you ever heard the name of king Henry the Fifth?

Uses of Adjective

Adjective এর িযিহার ২ প্রকার-

i. Attributive Adjective: (Adjective + Noun)- Adjective েব যকান Noun এর পূ শিে িশস ঐ Noun যক
Qualify কশর তশি তাশক Attributive Adjective িশে।

He is a good boy.
She is an intelligent girl.
ii. Predicative Adjective: (Noun + Adjective)- Adjective েব যকান Noun এর পশর িশস ঐ Noun যক
Qualify কশর তশি তাশক Predicative Adjective িশে।

The boy is good.

Man is mortal.
Note: Post positive/appositive (Noun+Adj)
Note-7:
Noun + ly = Adjective Adjective + ly = Adverb
Homely Seriously
Friendly Normally
Fatherly Naturally
Motherly Clearly
Heavenly Dangerously
Lovely Lively
Worldly Generally
Weekly Quickly
Yearly Slowly
Note-8:
ly েু ক্ত Adjective গুশোশক Adverb করশত হশে বনশমাক্তভাশি করশত হয়-
In a friendly way/manner
In a motherly way/manner
In a homely way/manner
Note-9: Hard, Fast, Late, Short এই েব্দগুশো Adjective ও Adverb উভয়ই হশত পাশর।
It is a hard nut to crack.
He works hard.

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Note-10: Latin Adjectives
Sun- Solar Night- Nocturnal Time- Temporal
Moon- Lunar Water- Aquatic Stream/River- Fluvial
Egg- Oval Air- Aerial Tooth- Dental
Mother- Maternal Day- Diurnal Town- Urban
Father- Paternal Mouth- Oral Village- Rural
Marriage- Nuptial Name- Nominal World- Mundane
Year- Annual Salt- Saline Word- Verbal
North- Boreal Sea- Marine Youth- Juvenile
South- Austral School- Academic Law- Legal
East- Oriental Flower- Floral Spring- Vernal
West- Occidental Foot- Pedal Heaven- Celestial
Hand- Manual Home/ House- Domestic Hell- Infernal
Heart- Cordial Spouse (Husband/Wife)- Conjugal

Note-11:
P A N
Preposition
Prepositional Phrase
Possessive Adjective Adjective
Noun
Go to Dhaka. Article/ Determiners
Go to your friend.
Go to your good friends.

Note-12: Hyphenated Adjective: এশ র Plural হয় না।

Adj.: The car has two doors.
Hyph. Adj.: This is a two door/doors car.
Adj.: We waited 30 minutes for him.
Hyph. Adj.: He made a 30 minute/minutes call to me.

Exercise
Identify Whether the indicated words are Pronoun or Adjective:
1) ‘Many’ are called but ‘few’ are chosen.
2) ‘Many’ boys said this.
3) ‘What’ do you want?
4) ‘What’ news do you want?

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5) ‘Any’ girl is intelligent.
6) ‘Any’ of the girls is intelligent.
7) ‘Which’ is your house?
8) ‘Which’ house is yours?
9) ‘Each’ boy went there.
10) ‘Each’ of the boys went there.
11) ‘These’ are foreign goods.
12) ‘These’ goods have come from Turkey.
13) ‘That’ is my pen.
14) ‘That’ pen is mine.
15) ‘All’ is well.
16) ‘All’ the students are well.
17) It is a ‘water’ pot.
18) It is an ‘open’ secret.
19) Look at the ‘burning’ train.
20) Look at the ‘burnt’ train.
21) Look at the ‘up’ hill.

Answer
1) Pronoun
2) Adjective
3) Pronoun
4) Adjective
5) Adjective
6) Pronoun
7) Pronoun
8) Adjective
9) Adjective
10) Pronoun
11) Pronoun
12) Adjective
13) Pronoun
14) Adjective
15) Pronoun
16) Adjective
17) Adjective
18) Adjective

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19) Adjective
20) Adjective
21) Adjective

Michael Swan:
Learnt
Learned
Melt
Molten
Source: PK DE Sarker

C- 1,2,3,
O- 1st, 2nd , 3rd
M- Single, Double, Triple,

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