Professional Development and Applied Ethics

CPROFDEV

Factors affecting the Development of Personality

How do personalities develop?
Personality Typing
Week 4
FACTORS AFFECTING PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT
 • Nature
-individual’s innate qualities (nativism)
-physical and personality traits
NATURE VS NURTURE determined by your genes stay the same
irrespective of where you were born and
raised
-Biological and family factors
 • Nurture
-personal experiences (empiricism or behaviorism)
Nature vs
-how you were brought up, someone could be
Nurture born with or failure to develop as expected
-Social and environmental factors
 • Genetic
Aristotle classified personality into three types
according to genetic.
 Endomorph: short and fat- built persons
 Ectomorph: long and thin physique
 Mesomorph: muscular and well-proportioned body
structure

• Non-Genetic
Aristotle classified personality into three types

FACTORS AFFECTING according to temperamentally or emotionally .

 Active: creative, greater strength and energy

PERSONALITY  Inactive: sluggish, passive and poorly coordinated

 Timid: dependent more on others

DEVELOPMENT
 • Social can develop higher self-esteem

Family: a mother has the greatest impact in the

social development of an individual. Democratic
and controlled home.
School: important landmark in the process of
the personality development
Peer group: learning the cues and responses
which are likely rewarded by peers.
Profession: personality is related to the whole
FACTORS AFFECTING life of a person. It is almost in its full bloom and
is subject related to adulthood.

PERSONALITY Community: it is a very wide term which may be

made up of many social groups.

DEVELOPMENT Culture: it represents the best product of

human mind in the fields of arts and intellects.
HOW DO PERSONALITIES DEVELOP?

 Heredity: it refers to the influences on your

personality that you are born with.

Environment: it refers to which we live and

grow up with.

Situation: it refers to the experiences that each

individual person goes through.
Can you identify which among the three influences of
personality that best describe the statements from the
given example?
1. Physical height
2. Intellectual capacity
3. Provision of eating healthy food
4. Living in good areas
5. Trauma
6. Happy childhood
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING
TO SIGMUND FREUD

STAGE AGE ACTIVITIES

Oral 0 to 18 Mouth/sucking/biting/che
months wing
Anal 18 to 36 Learning to control bowel
months movement
Phallic 3 to 6 yearsRealization between male
and female differences
Latency 6 years to Repression of sexual
puberty feelings
Genital Puberty age Maturation of sexual
orientation
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING
TO ERIK ERIKSON
STAGE AGE PSYCHOSOCIAL RELATION CENTRAL ASSOCIATED
ISSUE AL QUESTION VALUE
FACTORS
Infancy 0-1 Trust-Mistrust Mother & How can be Hope: Trust &
other secure? Optimism
caregivers
Early Childhood 2-3 Autonomy-Doubt, Parents How can be Will: Use exercise
Shame independent? freedom & self
restraint
Childhood 4-6 Initiative-Guilt Basic Family Be powerful? Ability to initiate
(play) own activities
Childhood 7-12 Industry-Inferiority Neighbors: Be good? Competence in
(school) school intellectual
Adolescence 13-19 Identify-Role confusion Peer groups Fit into the world? Integrated image of
oneself
Young 19-35 Intimacy-Isolation Partners in Love? Mutuality-career
adulthood friendship commitments
Adulthood 36-55 Generativity-Stagnation Divided labor Fashion a “gift”? Solitude

Maturity 55+ Ego Integrity-Despair Humankind Receive a “gift’? Wisdom: sense of

fulfillment

Source: Erikson's Stages of Development (simplypsychology.org)

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Let us test your
personality
Let us test your
personality
 Personality traits Locus of Control

• Internal Locus of Control

-an individual who believes that he or she
controls his or her destiny (what happens to him or
her in life)

• External Locus of Control

-an individual who believes that other factors
determine his or her destiny.
 Type A and Type B personalities

• Type A
- involves working competitively under pressure.
He or she works aggressively under pressure at an
intense level with an impatient and competitive approach
to others.

• Type B
- involves working calmly without pressure. He or
she chooses and prefers a low-pressure life and is
more relaxed, easy-going, sociable person.
Let us test your
personality
Let us test your
personality
 Self-efficacy

It is defined by Bandura as an individual’s belief and

expectations about his or her ability to accomplish a specific
task effectively. It is the degree to which you believe that you
can perform a certain task successfully.

 has a belief that he or she possesses the knowledge and

skills needed to get things done
 has the capability to exert effort to accomplish the task
 can overcome obstacles
 has no doubt about reaching success on the task
 has self-esteem
Let us test your personality
Let us test your
personality
 Self-monitoring

Is a personality trait that has a great potential to affect

behavior or a person at work. It is defined as a
process of observing and controlling how we are
perceived by others. It is the extent to which an
individual adjusts his or her behavior according to
signals or hints from other people or situations.
 Positive/Negative Affect

• Positive affect
- is an individual to accentuate the positive
aspects of himself.
- it is also called positive affectivity.
- it emphasizes on experiencing positive moods
in a wide range of situations and under different
conditions.
- they are optimistic
 Positive/Negative Affect

• Negative affect
- is an individual to accentuate the negative
aspects of himself.
- it is also called negative affectivity.
- a person who is high in negative affect tends
to have an overall sense of ill-being and tends to
experience negative emotional states.
 Machiavellianism

• Is a personality characteristics which determines

the degree to which a person focuses on obtaining
and using power to further his or her own ends,
regardless of the impact on others. It is a personality
trait that involves willingness to manipulate others
for one’s own purposes.