FIELD STUDY 1 Teaching doesn’t end when the final bell rings

and you walk out of the building.

ON BECOMING A TEACHER
Most teachers also take homework they
How to become a Teacher: The Complete couldn’t get done during the school day such
Guide by Alicia Betz as grading or lesson planning.

- Teaching is one of the hardest yet most Often, your students will still be on your mind
rewarding and important jobs out there. long after you’ve gone home for the day.
- The future of our world relies on
teachers to help raise, mold, guide, and Teachers truly are ingrained in the community
educate the next generation and the lives of their students.
- As a teacher, you get the opportunity to
have a great impact on hundreds or As a teache, you’re constantly in the public eye
even thousands of kids throughout your and teaching is a job that is difficult to truly
career. escape.
- It’s a great responsibility that can be
extremely rewarding. A teacher’s job is not boring, which is usually
good, but it can also make for a very stressful
WHY SHOULD YOU BECOME A TEACHER? workday.

1. Every single day is different and You learn to expect the unexpected when
interesting you’re a teacher.
2. Teaching keeps you young
3. You’ll never stop learning Although you should choose passion over
4. There’s no doubt about it - a teacher’s money if you want to be truly happy with your
schedule is ideal, especially if you have job, it is important to note that teachers are
kids in school, yourself. notoriously underpaid.
5. You have an opportunity to change the
world, even if it’s only for a few students On average, teachers make about 20% less
- you can’t deny that teachers matter. than with the same degree in a different field.
6. If you love to be around people, this is a
very social profession that allows you to What you can mae as a teacher depends
interact with others every day. largely on your location, your education and
7. Although there are guidelines you need your years of experience.
to follow, you get to be the boss of your
own classroom every day. If you’re looking to make the big buck, teaching
8. You can travel as a teacher. Anywhere isn’t the job for you.
there are kids, there are teaching jobs.
9. While every day brings new and fun GOAL SETTING AS A STUDENT TEACHER
surprises, teaching also provides a lot
of structure and routine. GOAL
10. Teaching is fun! - They provide guidance and direction
11. The world needs teachers - Control performance
12. It’s a simple way to contribute to the - Motivate and inspire others
community. - Facilitate planning

SHOULD I BECOME A TEACHER? How to set goals as a student teacher?

Nobody can tell you whether you should Teaching Goals

become a teacher or not.
- Goals depend on the needs of your
The best way to tell if a career is really for you students.
is to get in the trenches and experience a day - Give your students target learning
in the life of a teacher. objectives, and milestones you can help
them reach during your student
Teachers do way more behind the scenes work teaching period
than most people realize
 - Think about the types of materials you exceptionalities, cultural background, socio-
wanted to create and the kinds of economic status and other factors.
lesson you want to deliver.
- Build a library of resources for your Coople and Bredcamp (2006) identify two
classroom or come up with some new things that teachers need to do to successfully
learning games your students can play. engage in developmentally appropriate
practice in their classes:
Educational and Professional Goals
1. Meet the learners where they are, as
- The broad goal of student teaching is individuals and as a group; and
that student have the best possible 2. Help learners attain challenging and
introduction to teaching field. achievable goals that contribute to their
- The student should gain knowledge ongoing development and learning.
about the community in which he or she For Filipino children, the following principles of
is teaching. developmentally appropriate learnings may be
- It is assumed that the cooperating considered by the teacher when planning and
teacher will guide the student through a implementing instruction:
variety of experiences ranging from the
practice of basic teaching skills to - Each learners has different learning
classroom management. styles, thinking preferences, abilities,
- It is also our desire that the student strengths, and weaknesses;
teacher develop in the area of - Experiences have profound influence in
professionalism. learning;
- Learning should address all areas of
The Takeaway development;
- Learning must be holistic;
- Take the student-centered approach to - Learning happens when the learner feel
your student teaching and your emotionally and physically secured and
educational and professional goals will mentally engage;
fall into place. - The cultural background and the family
- While you should set goals to be the and social values of the learner
best teacher you can be, your student influence learning; and
teaching experience isn’t about you. - Affective learning and motivation are
important in promoting effective
learning.
PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF THE
TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS ALIGNING LEARNING OUTCOMES WITH
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Using developmentally appropriate learning
principles and strategies is one of the The k to 12 basic curriculum is a standard-
instructional demands for the implementation based curriculum. This means that it includes
of the K to 12 Curriculum as stated in republic content standards, performance standards,
of the K to 12 Curriculum as stated in Republic and learning competencies. The DepEd
Act 10553, otherwise known as the Enhanced defines this set of curriculum standard as:
Basic Education Act of 2012. Developmentally 1. Content standards - identify and set the
appropriate learning principles and strategies essential knowledge and understanding
are based on the philosophy of learner- that students should learn.
centered education that focuses on responding 2. Performance standards - describe the
to the nature, needs and interests of the abilities and skills that students are
learners. expected to demonstrate in relation to
the content standards and integration of
In the first model of curriculum development, the 21st century skills.
Rapl Tyler (1949) emphasizes that 3. Learning competencies - refer to the
understanding the learners is one of the knowledge, understanding, skills and
important sources of curriculum. Since learning attitudes that learners need to
is designed for the learners, it is imperative for demonstrate in every lesson.
teachers to examine their needs, interest,
learning styles, thinking styles, abilities,
Curriculum alignment is important to ensure an The Alberta Teachers' Association (2000) also
efficient and effective implementation of the suggested the used of affinity charting for
curriculum. Alignment is done at two levels: collaborative action research:
- Brainstorm issues of concern or interests
1. At the macro level, curriculum relating to your educational context.
alignment ensures that the curriculum - Record each item on separate note.
standards are relevant and responsive - Group your items using affinity charting.
to the needs of the students, demands Place the most diverse statements on the table
and needs of the society, and the in a row. Place items that have a common
nature of the discipline. theme or focus on each column.
2. At the micro level, curriculum alignment - Review and reflect on the placement. Do
ensures that the learning outcomes are some items fit better in a different column?
aligned with learning competencies - Develop a draft research question that
prescribed in the curriculum. Learning reflects the key issue in each column.
outcomes are the basis of the teachers - Choose the question that interests you the
in developing learning outcomes. most and is possible to study.
Selecting topics and strategies, and
designing assessment tools. In selecting the research questions, the
following suggestions could be considered by
Learning outcomes are specific knowledge, the teacher-researchers:
skills, values that each student needs to - The questions should not be answerable by
master or demonstrate as a result of learning. yes or no.
Learning outcomes are traditionally known as - The questions could provide opportunities for
learning objectives or instructional objectives. deeper exploration and reflect on educational
issues.
Field Study 2 - The questions should reflect the variables
mentioned in the research title.
Selecting Topics and Questions for Action -The data needed to answer the questions are
Research accessible.
- The questions can be studied within the time
Education Theory Conducting Action Research frame set for the action research.
become more interesting if the topics and - The question should focus on understanding
research questions are mentally engaging. issues and providing solutions.
Many research failed because the topics are
irrelevant and the questions are invalid. Examples of research questions
Examples of research questions:
Some research also do not reflect an - How does the Four - Prolonged Approach
educational issue that needs an immediate improve the reading comprehension of Grade II
response. Thus teacher- researchers should pupils.
know how to select good topics and develop - What are the participation of parents and
good research questions based on the topics other stakeholders in the implementation of the
selected, school reforms?
- What indigenous knowledge could be
Patterson et al. (1993) suggested that teacher- integrated in science?
researchers should keep a research journal.
- Set aside 10 minutes to write a reflection at DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
the end of each day. STUDENT TEACHERS
- At the end of two weeks, read your journal,
look for significant ideas and themes that could John Dewey has emphasized the need for
be done for research. individuals to interact with the environment in
- Brainstorm a list of things that you would like order to learn. In teacher education, student
to investigate. internship provide students with opportunities
- Review the list and write the first draft of your to apply what they know in the classroom.
question. Internship do not only provide student with
- Write a paragraph of supporting rationale for experience, these also provide future teachers
your question. the opportunity to develop other necessary
- Reflect on your questions. skills to prepare them for the teaching
profession. The experience that they will gain
surely allow them to develop work ethics and
improve communication and decision-making teaching material, designing the learning
skills. activities, and grouping methods, and deciding
on the pacing and allocation of instructional
It is therefore important for student teachers to time.
be aware of their professional obligations in
order to benefit from the internship program. According to Republic act 7797 entitled an Act
to Lengthen the School Calendar from two
The student teacher should commit to the hundred days to not more than 220 class days
following; as imposed in DepEd Order 25, series of 2018,
- Follow the school policies states that learners are expected to be in
- Conduct oneself in a professional manner school for a total of 200 class days for school
by wearing appropriate attire year 2018-2019. Therefore, if there are 200 to
- Confer with the College/University 220 class days every school year, teachers are
supervisor on a regular basis. expected to plan to tech for 200 to 220
- Participate in all school activities such as classroom instruction.
school assemblies, faculty and PTA
meetings, athletic events, parent-teacher • SO HOW WILL IT BE POSSIBLE?
conference, in-service training and other
school functions. TEACHERS WHO SPEND MORE TIME IN
- Meet the cooperating teacher on a regular PREPARATION WILL SPEND LESS TIME
basis to review teaching performance, and TRYING TO KEEP THEIR STUDENTS ON
plan lessons. THE LEARNING TRACK. A GENERAL
- Inform the school, cooperating teacher, and OUTLINE OF THE YEAR’S WORK SHOULD
University/college supervisor if illness BE PREPARED BEFORE THE BEGINNING
would prevent attendance in class. OF THE SCHOOL YEAR. A DETAILED
SCHEDULE FOR EACH WEEK AND
Preparing to teach SPECIFIC SCHEDULE FOR EACH DAY
Prior to teaching, it is important that SHOULD BE PREPARED WELL IN ADVANCE
student teachers are aware of what to prepare OF THE TIME THEY WILL BE NEEDED
in order to ensure that the first teaching (ARNOLD, 2010)
experience is a success. Below is a list of
things that a student teacher needs to do: Here are some practical planning tips
- Get a copy of the school calendar teachers have found useful according to Partin
- Look for school facilities to be used (library, (2005)
computer laboratory, playroom, audio
visual, etc) 1.Do not over rely on knowledge -level
- Look for available reading materials and objectives.
teaching tools used by the cooperating 2.Keep a notebook for each class to organize
teacher. the lesson plans, tests, and so on.
- Get a copy of the faculty and student 3.Develop and store your lesson plans on a
handbook and review existing policies and Computer.
procedures. 4. Make a general plan for the year.
- Become familiar with the way the 5. Try to plan at least a week in advance.
cooperating teacher manage the class. 6. Make a master lesson plan.
- Observe the way the class interacts with 7.Focus on the goal/s you hope to accomplish.
each other and with the teacher. 8. Schedule the blocks of time your students
have to be out of the room.
9. If possible, schedule challenging and new
content early in the day.
INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING
10. Always have several sponge activities
available for students to work on.
Planning is an integral part of successful
11. Used colored folders to arrange each day’s
instruction. Stephen Keague quoted that
lesson plan and student papers.
proper planning and preparation prevents poor
12.Use a checklist to help organize your
performance. Instructional planning as defined
lessons.
by the Virginia Department of Education as
13.Have materials for the next day’s lesson
cited in DepEd Order 42, series of 2016, is the
ready before you leave the school.
process of determining what learning
14. Save a few moments at the end of each
opportunities students in school will have by
day to reflect on your day’s lessons.
planning the content of instruction, selecting
 SELECTING APPROPRIATE
FORMULATING THE INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
OBJECTIVES
Appropriate teaching strategies that are
One of the important features in instructional aligned with the instructional objectives and
planning is formulating the instructional assessment are vital elements in the success
objectives. Kibler et.al (1974) , as cited in of any classroom instruction.
Western Kentucky University, defined
instructional objectives as a statement that will Every teaching episode, the teacher is
describe what the learner will be able to do encouraged to select and use a unique and
after completing the instruction. interesting teaching strategy.

According to Armstrong (2013), teaching

strategies refer to methods used to help
students learn the desired course contents and
be able to develop achievable goals in the
future.

Teaching strategies identify the different

Furthermore, Mager (1984) stated the available learning methods to enable them to
characteristics of instructional objectives: develop the right strategy to deal with the
target group identified.
- Instructional objectives are specific,
measurable, short-term, observable Assessment of the learning capabilities of
behaviors. They indicate the desirable students provides a key pillar in the
knowledge, skills, or attitudes to be gained. development of a successful teaching strategy.

- An instructional objective is the focal point There are some guiding principles in the
of a lesson plan. Objectives are selection and usage of appropriate teaching
thefoundation upon which you can build strategies according to Corpuz and
lessons and assessments and instruction Salandanan (2013):
that you can prove meet your overall
course or lesson goals. 1. Learning is an active process.
2. The more senses that are involved in
• Think of objectives as tools you use to make learning, the more and the better learning
sure you reach your goals. They are the arrows 3. Emotion has the power to increase retention
you shoot towards your target (goal) . and learning.
• Begin with an understanding of the particular 4. Learning is meaningful when it is connected
content to which the objectives will relate. to students’ everyday life.
2 The purpose of objectives is not to restrict 5. Good teaching goes beyond the recall of
spontaneity or constrain the vision of education information.
in the discipline; but to ensure that learning is 6. An integral teaching approach is far more
focused clearly enough that both students and effective than teaching isolated bits of
teacher know what is going on, and so learning information.
can be objectively measured
• Gutierrez (2007) mentioned that an
 There are numerous teaching strategies
instructional objective consists of two essential
that we may use but always remember that
components; behavior and content. The
there is no single best method in selecting
behavior tells what a learner is expected to
the appropriate teaching strategies is
perform and is expressed in verb form while
definitely the best.
the content specifies the topic that the students
are expected to learn.
 However, we should always bear in mind
that our students are the center of the
In constructing the instructional objectives, we
teaching and learning process; their
use the taxonomy of Instructional Objectives
participation in the teaching strategies will
devised by Benjamin Bloom(1956) and later
give life to the prepared strategy.
revised by Anderson and Krathwohl (2001) in
selecting the measurable behaviors or verbs.
 Here are some teaching strategies based WRITING YOUR LESSON PLAN
on the level of participation of the learners
that we may use in our classes: One of the daily tasks of the teacher is to
prepare a daily lesson plan or
sometimes called a learning plan. For
the veteran teachers, writing a lesson
plan is as easy as breathing. But for the
beginning teachers, writing a lesson
plan is probably their greatest
challenge.

According to DepEd Order 42, series of

2016, planning lessons is fundamental
to ensuring the delivery of teaching and
learning in schools.
Selecting Appropriate Instruction Materials
These guidelines aim to support teachers in
organizing and managing their classes and
 In preparing appropriate
lessons effectively and efficiently and ensure
instructional materials, the use
of all the five senses is very the achievement of learning outcomes.
significant. They use hearing
through audio aids like the A lesson plan according to Reece and
cassette and voice recorder, Walker (2003) has two functions:
sight through visual aids like  A strategy or plan for teaching and
charts and posters, websites
and printed sources like
handouts and books, touch  A series of cues to be used during the
through resources like lesson.
specimens and models, and
also, to a lesser extent, taste Furthermore, preparing lessons through the
and smell in, for example, daily Lesson Log (DLL) or Detailed Lesson
cookery Plan (DLP) provides the teachers with an
opportunity for reflection on what learners need
Also, more than one sense can be combined in
to learn, and how best to facilitate the
a visual such a film, a tape-slide presentation,
learning process
or a web- based presentation which combines
.
both hearing and sight.
Moreover, the lesson plan is intended to help
you proceed logically without being bound to
It is important to remember the learning
your notes, but even with detailed planning,
materials should be about creating multimedia
every eventually cannot be catered for so the
- giving students the best possible opportunity
lesson is essentially tentative and flexible.
to learn using a range of tools and techniques
(Reece & Walker 2003)
A lesson plan should not limit you in your
approach and it should contain sufficient
There are also guiding principles in using
flexibility to cater for circumstances as they
instructional materials according to Corpuz and
arise in the session.
Salandanan (2013)
A daily lesson plan does not have a general
1.All instructional materials are aids to
format.
instruction. They do not replace the teacher.
Some lesson plans follow a certain pattern
such as 4A’s, the Activities, Analysis,
2. Choose the instructional material that best
Abstraction, Application, or 5 E’s – Engage,
suits your instructional objectives.
Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate, while
some schools customize. their lesson plan
3. If possible, use a variety of tools.
format.
4. Check out your instructional material before
class starts to be sure it is working properly.
Nonetheless, every lesson plan must contain
the following basic parts:

1.Instructional Objectives;
2.Subject Matter;
3.Content;
4.Learning Resources;
5.Values Integration;
6.Procedures; and
7.Assignment

Moreover, a daily lesson log is an outline

version of a detailed lesson plan and defined in
DepEd Order 42, series of 2016, as a template
teacher use to log parts of their daily lesson.
The DLL covers a day or a week’s worth of
lessons.