Basic Concepts of DRRM 2017
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DONDEE SENERISBasic Concepts of DRRM 2017
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DONDEE SENERISAt the end of this session, you should be able to:
Define disaster, hazard, risk,
elements at risk, vulnerability,
exposure, capacity, prevention,
mitigation and preparedness
HAZARD
Phenomenon or situation, which has
the potential to cause disruption or
damage to people, their property, their
services and their environment
There is a
potential for
occurrence
of an event
DISASTER
The serious disruption of the
functioning of society, causing
widespread human, material or
environmental losses, which exceed
the ability of the affected people to
cope using their own resources.
An event, either man-made or natural, sudden or
progressive, causing widespread human,
material or environmental losses
…Continued
WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
1. At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of
emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been
destroyed.
2. A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such as
DISASTER
bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the like are destroyed.
3. Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable for at
least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport and commerce.
4. Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and livestock,
and other agricultural products, and
5. Epidemics - a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a
community at a particular time.
NDCC Memo Order No. 4, dated 04 March 1998
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VULNERABILITY
Is a condition
or sets of
conditions that
reduces
people’s ability
to prepare for,
withstand or
respond to a
hazard
VULNERABILITY
Vulnerability is the characteristics of a person
or group and their situation that influences
their capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist,
and recover from the adverse effects of
physical events (Wisner et al., 2004).
The degree to which a system is susceptible to
and unable to cope with adverse effects of
climate change, including climate variability and
extremes.
VULNERABILITY …Continued
VULNERABILITY HAS BEEN RELATED TO THE FOLLOWING FACTORS:
Social Integration Psychological & Physiological
Ethnicity Locus of control
Age Disability
Gender Coping-style
Location Individual’s perception
Status Lifestyle
Wealth Agility
Income Mobility
Education Experience
Family type
Britton and Walker 1991
11
Exposure is employed to refer to the
presence (location) of people,
livelihoods, environmental services and
resources, infrastructure, or economic,
social, or cultural assets in places that
could be adversely affected by physical
events and which, thereby, are subject to
potential future harm, loss, or damage.
(Crichton, 1999; Gasper, 2010).
What is the
difference between
vulnerability and
exposure?
Capacity
Those positive
condition or
abilities which
increase a
community’s
ability to deal with
hazards.
Capacity refers to the
combination of all the
strengths, attributes, and
resources available to an
individual, community, society,
or organization that can be
used to achieve established
goals.
Risk
The probability that a
community’s
structure or
geographic area is to
be damaged or
disrupted by the
impact of a particular
hazard, on account of
their nature,
construction, and
proximity to a
hazardous area.
Hazard x Vulnerability Disaster Risk
=
Capacity
Hazard x Vulnerability
Disaster Risk
=
Capacity
• The probability that a particular system or
population will be affected by hazards is known
as “risk”. Hence, it can be said that,
• Risk=Vulnerability x Hazard
or, taking into account coping capacity:
• Risk= Vulnerability x Hazard
Coping Capacity
-Vulnerability has always economic,
social, organisational and educational
dimensions.
THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE/RELIEF
MITIGATION REHABILITATION
PREVENTION RECONSTRUCTION
DEVELOPMENT
Response
Actions taken
immediately
following the impact
of a disaster when
exceptional
measures are
required to meet the
basic needs of the
survivors.
Relief
Measures that are
required in search and
rescue of survivors, as
well to meet the basic
needs for shelter,
water, food and health
care.
What is difference between
1. Recovery
2. Rehabilitation
3. Reconstruction
Disaster
impact
Preparedness
Relief
Rehabilitation
Mitigation
Reconstruction
Recovery phase 32
Recovery
The process
undertaken by a
disaster affected
community to fully
restore itself to
pre-disaster level
of functioning.
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35
Rehabilitation
Actions taken in the
aftermath of a
disaster to:
• assist victims to
repair their
dwellings;
• re-establish
essential services;
• revive key economic
and social activities
Reconstruction
Permanent
measures to repair
or replace damaged
dwellings and
infrastructure and to
set the economy
back on course.
Development
Sustained
efforts intended
to improve or
maintain the
social and
economic
well-being of a
community
Prevention
Measures taken to
avert a disaster
from occurring, if
possible (to
impede a hazard
so that it does not
have any harmful
effects).
Prevention and mitigation are actions
taken to make sure that the impact of a
hazard is lessened.
Mitigation
Measures taken prior
to the impact of a
disaster to minimize
its effects
(sometimes referred
to as structural and
non-structural
measures).
Prevention and mitigation are actions
taken to make sure that the impact of a
hazard is lessened.
Preparedness
Measures taken in
anticipation of a disaster
to ensure that
appropriate and effective
actions are taken in the
aftermath.
Activities and measures taken in advance to ensure effective
response to the impact of hazards, including the issuance of
timely and effective early warnings and the temporary
evacuation of people and property from threatened locations.
Mitigation Prevention
Measures taken Measures taken to
prior to the impact avert a disaster
of a disaster to
from occurring, if
minimize its effects
(sometimes possible (to impede
referred to as a hazard so that it
structural and non- does not have any
structural harmful effects).
measures).
The National DRRM Framework
Shifts the country’s paradigm and approach:
• From a reactive, humanitarian
response oriented
DM management of disasters
• To a proactive, vulnerability
reduction and development
DRR/DRM approach to disasters
