Raya Melisande D.

Rapi
DENT1A

TIMELINE OF PHILIPPINE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

TIME PERIOD EVENT

Pre-Colonial Era The islands were not unified and were instead made up of many independent
Before the Arrival of villages called Barangays composed of 30 or more families ruled under a datu
the Spaniards or raja. There was no national government yet.

1521 Ferdinand Magellan and his Spaniard fleet arrive in the archipelago, signaling
the start of the Philippines’ history with the Spaniards for the next 300+ years.

1542 Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, an explorer, claims the island for the Spanish
Empire and names it “Philippines” after King Philip II.

1565 The Philippines is declared as part of the Viceroyalty of Mexico. Miguel

Lopez de Legazpi became the first governor-general of the colony and
founded Cebu as the capital city.

Late 1500s-1800s Revolts, both major and minor, begin erupting throughout the colony to reject
Spanish rule.

1821 The Philippines is no longer a constituent of the Mexican Viceroyalty and is

then directly governed by the Spanish crown.

1872 The Cavite Mutiny is quashed. Filipino priests Fr. Jose Burgos, Jacinto
Zamora, and Mariano Gomez were charged for the subversion and thus
publicly executed, becoming catalysts for the birth of a revolution.

1892 Jose Rizal established the La Liga Filipina, a reformist organization aimed to
unite Spaniards and Filipinos under one society with equality.

The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

(KKK) is founded as a revolutionary group by patriots like Andres Bonifacio
to gain complete Philippine independence after the split of the La Liga
Filipina.

1896 Katipuneros tear their cedulas and shout in defiance against the Spanish
government. This event is now known as the Cry of Pugad Lawin or the Cry of
Balintawak, the beginning of the Philippine Revolution.

1897 The Tejeros Convention was organized in order to elect one leader of the
Katipunan between the rival groups of Magdalo and Magdiwang. This ends
with Emilio Aguinaldo winning against Bonifacio for the position as president.
The Biak-na-Bato republic was established and lasted for over a month before
a pact was signed with the governor-general.
1898 Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence in Kawit, Cavite and became the
first president of the first Philippine Republic. The Spanish-American War
starts after an attack in Manila Bay.

1899 The Spanish-American War ends with the defeat of Spain. The rulership of the
Philippines is transferred to the United States via the Treaty of Paris and leads
to the establishment of a military government. Emilio Aguinaldo leads a war
against the Americans.

The First Philippine Commission (Schurman Commission) was established by

the Americans to reform the government, leading to the creation of a
bicameral legislature as well as other cultural changes.

1900 The Second Philippine Commission (Taft Commission) is headed by William

H. Taft was created which then allowed executive and legislative functions to
the commission like the appointment of officials.The military governor is then
made to act as the chief executive of the Philippines.

1902 The Philippine Bill of 1902 was enacted by the US Congress on July 1, 1902.
It is the first organic bill in the country and it contained the Bill of Rights,
government reform, representation in the US Congress, the conservation of
natural resources, and the first nationwide census.

1904 Luke E. Wright becomes the first to be officially entitled as the

Governor-General of the Philippines.

1916 The Jones Law of 1906 is passed containing a preamble that the Philippines is
to gain independence once a stable government is founded with the executive,
legislative, and judicial branches.

1934 The Tydings-McDuffie Law is passed providing a 10-year transition period into
a Philippine Commonwealth Government with the creation of a constitution to
be approved by the president of the US.

1935 The Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated. Manuel L. Quezon

and Sergio Osmeña were elected as the president and vice president
respectively and Gen. Douglas MacArthur is appointed as military
adviser.This era brought about many sociocultural changes to society.

1942 The Japanese puppet government was established as the start of the Japanese
foreign relations and occupation during WWII with Jose P. Laurel as the
president. This period is marked with many abuses, a crashing economy, and
many uncertainties and thus led to the founding of a guerilla movement, the
HUKBALAHAP.

1944 Sergio Osmeña assumed the presidency and restored the Commonwealth
Government. This period was a time for recovering from WWII as well as
establishing foreign relations with the US and through the United Nations
Charter.

1946 Manuel A. Roxas is elected as president. Rehabilitation continued as well as

 the promulgation of pro-United States politics. The HUKBALAHAP
movement is outlawed.

1948 Elpidio Quirino is the new president-elect and declares Quezon City as the
new capital. He also headed peace campaigns and is dubbed the “Father of
Foreign Service”.

1953 Ramon Magsaysay is elected as the president and is now popular for defeating
communist threats. He also established the Southeast Asian Treaty
Organization (SEATO), Social Security System (SSS), and the Government
Service Insurance System (GSIS).

1957 Carlos P. Garcia takes office as Magsaysay’s term is cut short by his death. He
created the Filipino First policy and the Austerity Program alongside seeking
foreign relations with the US and other non-communist countries.

1961 Diosdado Macapagal is elected head of state. His tenure is known for
socioeconomic programs and land reforms along with an anti-corruption drive.

1965 Ferdinand E. Marcos is elected as president. His first term is known for rapid
infrastructure development and economic progress as well as liberalizing
foreign policy towards communist nations.

1972 Marcos declares martial law, a period rife with military abuses and
controversy.

1973 The Fourth Philippine Constitution was established by Marcos, allowing him
to become the longest-serving president in Philippine history. Technological
assistance was given to farmers.

1976 The Tripoli Agreement was signed by the Philippine Government and Nur
Misuari of the Moro National Liberal Front.

1986 Snap presidential election was held after Marcos was exiled. Corazon C.
Aquino is elected and becomes the first woman president of the country and
the Fifth Philippine Constitution. This period is marked by massive
government reorganization, coup attempts, agrarian reform, and privatization
of government-owned corporations.

1992 Fidel V. Ramos is elected president. He organized economic reforms, peace

agreements with the MNLF, and the hosting of the APEC Summit in 1996.
This period is marked by territorial disputes of the Spratly Group of Islands.

1998 Joseph Estrada holds office as he advocates for the welfare of poor FIlipinos
and signs the agreement on RP-US visiting forces. War intensified against
MNLF and other Muslim extremists.

2001 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo takes office as EDSA II and EDSA III depose and
arrest Estrada. Her term is known for economic growth, allowing the country
to not face the brunt of the global recession, as well as a strong republic. The
 Oakwood Mutiny also occurred during this period.

2010 Benigno Simeon C. Aquino, former president Corazon Aquino’s son, takes the
presidential office. His term is know for the passing of laws and programs
such as the Conditional Cash Transfer Program (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program), Truth Commission, Bangsamoro Basic Law, RH Law and Enhanced
Basic Education Act, proposals for a transparency government, as well as a
time of economic growth. The Corona Impeachment Trials against Chief
Justice Renato Corona were also during his term.

2016 Rodrigo R. Duterte, long-time mayor of Davao City, is the first Mindanaoan to
hold office as president. His term is known for the War on Drugs, passing of
the Universal Health Law, free tuition fee for tertiary level, “Build, Build,
Build” program, extending validity of passports and licenses, Maternity Leave
Law, TRAIN Law 1 and 2, and Bayanihan Act 1 and 2.

2022 Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr., son of former president Ferdinand E.

Marcos Sr., is elected president.

PLAGIARISM SCAN (Turnitin Draft Coach) RESULTS