FASTENERS

WWW.MARSEXIM.IN
 FASTNERS
Fastener Basics
Fastener Notation Example:

Machine screws, Phillips pan head, Stainless steel 18-8, #12-24 x 1"

Fastener type Material Diameter Length

Thread Count (TPI)

Drive Types Head Styles Measuring Diam eter

Phillips
drives are common in Hex Heads typically used with Most fastener
larger bolts and screws. Diameter
Phillips Slotted screws, but prone to diameters are
cam-out (stripping). Tightened with a wrench.
measured on
Pan Heads have a slightly the outside of
domed head that sits above the Diamete r
the threads.
Combo drives, that surface.
can be used with
Combo either driver are Flat Heads typically installed in Note: US diameters under 1/4” are given numbers
available for many a countersunk hole to achieve instead of inches. The actual diameter of these fasteners
fastener types. a flat surface. is dependent on the fastener type. (Reference tables are
available here and included in this fastener guide).
Frearson and Pozidriv Round Heads tall domed
are similar to Phillips, heads, used for aesthetic
but less prone to purposes.
Frearson Pozidriv
cam-out. Thread Count &Thread Pitch
Oval Heads low domed and
Machine threaded fasteners specify a thread density in
Hex Socket (Allen) countersunk, used for aesthetic
Threads per Inch (US) or as a Thread Pitch in mm
drives are compact purposes.
(Metric).
Hex Socket and easy to drive, but
(Allen) prone to cam-out. Truss Heads slightly domed, A fastener may be available in coarse (standard), fine
with a wide head for a larger or super fine thread.
Star and Square surface area.
drive are resistant
to cam-out and can Socket Heads narrow with a
Star Square
socket drive. Can have knurled
(Robertson) be installed single
handed. or smooth sides. Measuring Length
Button Heads has a medium Fastener length is usually
Note: Other than Frearson and Slotted, measured from where the
dome, typically used with a
most drive types require the correct driver
socket drive. material is assumed to be
size for proper installation.
to the end of the fastener. Length
Non countersunk fasteners
Nu are measured from under
the head. Countersunk
Nut and washer sizes indicate the screw or bolt they fit.
fasteners are measured
overall. Length

3/8”-16 Hex Bolt 3/8” Washer 3/8” -16 Nut

Different washer patterns have different outside

diameters. Hardened US washers are available in
USS (wider) and SAE (narrower) patterns. 1/4” 1/4” 1/4” x 1”
Fender washers have large outside diameters. SAE USS Fender
 FASTNERS
Bolt Grade Markings and Strength Chart

STANDARD | INCH BOLTS

No
Markings Low or Medium Carbon
Steel

Medium Carbon Steel,

Quenched and Tempered

Medium Carbon Alloy

Steel, Quenched and
Tempered

Stainless markings Steel alloy 17-19%

vary. Most stainless Chromium and 8-13%
is non-magnetic.
Nickel

METRIC BOLTS

Medium Carbon Steel,

Quenched and Tempered
8.8

Alloy Steel, Quenched

10.9 and Tempered

Alloy Steel, Quenched

12.9 and Tempered

Stainless markings
vary. Most stainless Steel alloy with 17-19%
is non-magnetic. Chromium and 8-13%
Usually stamped A-2 Nickel
 FASTNERS
Common Fastener Types
Fastener Materials
Hex Bolts or Hex Cap Screws are used in
machinery and construction. Can be used with a nut Zinc Plated Steel
or in a tapped hole. Fully threaded hex bolts are also A low carbon steel for general use. Relatively
called tap bolts. inexpensive, with the zinc plating providing
moderate corrosion resistance suitable for
Wood Screws have large threads and a smooth indoors or otherwise dry conditions. Color is
shank for pulling two pieces of material together. either a bluish tint or yellow depending on the
They can be used in wood and other soft material. exact process.

Sheet Metal Screws have sharp points and threads

designed to be driven directly into sheet metal. They
can also be used in softer materials like fiberglass,
plastic and wood.
Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel
Machine Screws are fully threaded for use with a A thicker zinc coating for better corrosion
nut or in a tapped hole. May also be referred to as resistance making it suitable for outdoor use.
stove bolts. Because of the thick plating, only galvanized
nuts and washers will fit galvanized bolts. The
Socket Screws are machine screws with an internal coating typically has a rough, dull gray finish.
hex socket (Allen) drive. Longer lengths have a
smooth upper shank.

Lag Bolts or Lag Screws are large wood screws

with hex heads. Used often in construction and
landscaping. Stainless Steel
Provides good corrosion resistance, making it
Carriage Bolts have smooth, domed heads with a suitable for outdoor use and marine applica-
square piece underneath which drives into the tions, but is more expensive than zinc plated.
material to prevent spilling during installation.

Nuts are used to fasten machine threaded fasteners

in through hole applications. Some nut designs have
features which help to prevent loosening.
Chrome and Nickel Plated Steel
Smooth and polished appearance. The plating
Washers spread the load over a larger surface area
offers moderate corrosion resistance.
when tightening a bolt, screw or nut. Some washer
designs have features which help prevent loosening.

Brass and Bronze

Grade/Class & Fastener Strength Copper alloys with good corrosion resistance.
More expensive than steel, these materials are
Fastener Grade (US) or Class (metric) refers to the mechanical typically used for decorative applications. There
properties of the fastener material. Generally, a higher number can be variability with color.
indicates a stronger, more hardened fastener.

US bolt head markings Metric bolt head markings

Alloy Steel
Highly hardened, usually black oxide and oil
8.8 10.9 12.9
coated. Provides little corrosion resistance.
Low Carbon Grade 5 Grade 8 Class 8.8 Class 10.9 Class 12.9

Note: Colors can vary significantly from the photos on this guide, do not rely on this guide
for color matching.
 FASTNERS
Fastener Categories

BL057
BL056

BL006
Wood Screws Machine Screws Thread Cutting Sheet Metal Screws
Screws with a smooth Screws with thread for use Machine Screws Fully threaded screws with
shank and tapered point with a nut or tapped hole. Machine screws with a a point for use in sheet
for use in wood. thread cutting (self tap- metal.
ping) point.
BL013

BL059
BL001

BL009
Self Drilling SMS Hex Bolts Carriage Bolts Plow Bolts
A sheet metal screw with a Bolts with a hexagonal Bolts with a smooth rounded Similar to carriage bolts
self drilling point. head with threads for use head that has a small square but used to attach the
with a nut or tapped hole. section underneath. cutting edge of a plow to
the plow blade.
BL060

BL015

BL061

BL047
Socket Screws Lag Bolts Eye Bolts Eye Lags
Socket screws, also Bolts with a wood thread A bolt with a circular ring Similar to an eye bolt but
known as Allen Head, are and pointed tip. on the head end. Used for with wood threads instead
fastened with a hex Allen attaching a rope or chain. of machine thread.
wrench.
BL062

BL024

BL063

BL064

J-Bolts U-Bolts Shoulder Bolts Elevator Bolts

J shaped bolts are used Bolts in U shape for Bolts used to create a Elevator bolts are often
for tie-downs or as an attaching to pipe or other pivot point, also known as used in conveyor systems.
open eye bolt. round surfaces. Also stripper bolts. They have a large,
available in square bend. flat head.
 FASTNERS
Fastener Categories

BL016
BL065

BL066

BL067
Sex Bolts Mating Bolts Hanger Bolts Set Screws
Sex bolts, (barrel nuts or Mating screws have a Hanger bolts have wood Machine screws with no
Chicago bolts) have female shoulder that matches the thread on one end and head for screwing all the
thread and are used for diameter of the sex bolts machine thread on the way into threaded holes.
through bolting applications they are use with. other end.
where a head is desired on
both sides of the joint.

BL048
BL068

BL041

BL069
POP Rivets Blind Rivets
Timber Bolts Cotter Pins Used to join sheets of Blind rivets, also commonly
Machine threaded fas Cotter or split pins have two
metal. During installation the referred to as POP Rivets, are
teners with a wide domed lines which are bend apart to mainly used in applications where
rivet body is deformed to
head. The head has fins hold them in place. there is no access to the rear (blind
permanently lock in place. side) of the joint. ... To use a blind
underneath that prevent Blind rivets can be rivet, a hole is drilled then the rivet
the bolt from spinning installed without access to is seated inside of the hole. Then a
during installation. the back side of the material. tool pulls the mandrel against the
Typically used in wood. hat of the rivet.

Head Styles
BL070

BL071

BL072

BL073
Flat Oval Pan Truss
A countersunk head with a A countersunk head with a A slightly rounded head with An extra wide head with a
flat top. round top. short vertical sides. rounded top.
BL074

BL075

BL076

BL077

Round Hex Hex Washer Hex Flange

A domed head. A hexagonal head. A hex head with built in A hex head with built in
washer. flange.
BL078

BL079

BL080

Slotted Hex Washer Button Socket Cap

A hex head with built in A low-profile rounded head A small cylindrical head
washer and a slot. using a socket drive. using a socket drive.
 FASTNERS
Anchoring Fasteners

BL082

BL083

BL084
BL081
Stud Anchors Sleeve Anchors Lag Shields Machine Screw Anchors
Also called wedge anchors. Heavy duty masonry anchors. Medium duty anchors for use A two-piece machine thread
One piece expansion bolts Does not require a solid base in concrete, brick or mortar. anchor for use in stone, brick, or
for heavy duty fastening into material for installation. Using with a lag bolt. concrete.
stone or solid concrete.
BL085

BL086

BL087

BL088
Wood Screw Anchors Hollow Wall Anchors Nail Drive Anchors Anchor Bolts
This anchor is made of lead Also called Molly Bolts. Used Non removable anchors that L shaped, machine threaded
and can be used with wood for light duty anchoring in expand inside the hole when anchors. Typically embedded
screws or sheet metal screws. drywall or other hollow walls. the nail like pin is driven. in concrete when it is poured.

Anchor Bolt Anchor Bolt Wedge / Anchor Bolt Hook Eye

Heavyduty Shied Anchor Bolt Sleeve Thru Bolt Closed Anchor Bolt Hook

BL036 BL037 BL038 BL039 BL040

Nails Types
Roofing Nails – Umbrella Head
Roofing nails, as its name suggests, are designed for roofing
materials installation. These nails, with smooth or twist shanks
and umbrella head, are the mostly used type of nails with less
cost and good property. Umbrella head is designed for preventing
the roofing sheets from tearing off around the head of the nail, as
well as offering an artistic and decorative effect. The twist shanks
and sharp points can hold wood and roofing tiles in position
without slipping BL089

Common nails
Common nails are the most commonly used type of steel nails.
These nails have a thicker and larger shank than that of the box
nails. In addition, common steel nails are also shown as a wide
head, a smooth shank and a diamond-shaped point. ... These
nails range from 1 to 6 inches in length and 2d to 60d in size.
BL090
 FASTNERS
Drive Types
BL091

BL011

BL092

BL093

BL094

BL095

BL096
OneWay Square Torx and Star
Phillips and Frearson Slotted Combination Socket, Hex or Allen Installs with a normal slotted Also known as Robertson A six-pointed star pattern,
Am x-shaped drive. A slot in the head. A combination of slotted and A hexagonal hole for use driver but can not be drive. specifically designed to
Phillips drives. with an Allen wrench. removed without special prevent cam-out and
tools. stripped heads.

Nut Types Washer Types

BL051

BL052
BL028

BL103

BL104

BL105
Flat Fender
A flat washer, used to An oversize flat washer used to
Hex Heavy Hex Nylon Insert Lock Jam distribute load. Available in further distribute load especially
A six sided nut. Also referred A heavier pattern version A nut with a nylon insert to A hex nut with a reduced SAE, USS and other patterns. on soft materials..
to as a finished hex nut. of a standard hex nut. prevent backing off. Also height.
referred to as a Nylock.

BL053

BL097
BL106
BL032

Split Lock Finishing

BL033
BL034

The most common style of A washer used to obtain a

washer used to prevent nuts finished look. Usually used with
and bolts from backing out. oval head screws.
Nylon Insert Jam Lock Wing Cap Acorn
A nylock nut with a reduced A nut with ‘wings’ for hand A nut with a domed top over Acorn nuts are a high crown

BL098

BL099
height. tightening. the end of the fastener. type of cap nut, used for
appearance.

Internal Tooth Lock Square

A washer with internal ‘teeth’. A square shaped washer.
Used to prevent nuts and bolts
BL031

BL106

BL027

BL029

from backing out.

BL101

BL102
Flange Tee Square Prevailing Torque Lock
A nut with a built in washer A nut designed to be driven A four sided nut. A non-reversible lock nut used
like flange. into wood to create a for high temperature
threaded hole. applications. Ogee Sealing
Thick, large diameter, cast A soft neoprene washer
iron washers with a curved or bonded to a metal backing.
sculpted appearance. Used in Used to seal out air/water or
dock and wood construction. dampen noise and vibration.
BL025

BL108

BL030
BL107

BL054
BL100

Coupling Pin Lock Slotted Castle

Coupling nuts are long nuts A nut that does not require an Slotted nuts are used in Castle nuts are used in Dock External Tooth Lock
used to connect pieces of high installation torque and conjunction with a cotter pin conjunction with a cotter pin Dock washers have a larger
on drilled shank fasteners to on drilled shank fasteners to A washer with external ‘teeth’.
threaded rod or other male can be installed and removed outside diameter and are thicker
prevent loosening. prevent loosening. than standard washers.
Used to prevent nuts and bolts
fasteners. without thread damage.
from backing out.

MARS EXIM (P) LTD.

(A GOVT. OF INDIA RECOGNISED EXPORT HOUSE)
Industrial Area-C, Dr. Jain Road, Kanganwal

V.P.O- Jaspal Bangar, Ludhiana- 141122 INDIA

Phone :+91 9501311070 / +91 9814022675, E-mail : [email protected]