M1 - Seat Work 1

Verdera, Cyra Rizzy F. NCE_1102 – 2CE- 2A

A. Evolution of Computers

Year Inventor/Developer Description/Function/Capabilities

First-generation of computer

- A 30-50 feet long, 30 tons weighted,

contained 18000 vacuum tubes, 70,000
registers, and 10,000 capacitor and it
➢ J Presper Eckert required 150000 watts of electricity.
1940-1956
➢ John V Mauchly - Vacuum Tubes was developed by John
Ambrose Fleming
- examples are ENIAC ( Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer), EDVAC(Electronic
Discrete Variable Automatic Computer),
- UNIVAC-1(Universal Automatic Computer-1)
Second-generation of computer

- has a high level of programming languages,

including FORTRAN (1956), ALGOL (1958),
and COBOL (1959).
- Used transistors which perform the same
functions as a Vacuum tube, except that
electrons move through instead of through a
➢ John Bardeen
vacuum.
1956-1963 ➢ Walter Brattain
- is smaller than the first generation of
➢ William Shockley
computers.
- is faster and less expensive compared to the
first generation of computers.
- examples are PDP-8 (Programmed Data
Processor-8), IBM1400 (International business
machine 1400 series), IBM 7090 (International
business machine 7090 series), CDC 3600 (
Control Data Corporation 3600 series)
Third generation of computer

- have a higher level of languages such as

Pascal PL/1, FORTON-II to V, COBOL, ALGOL-
1964-1971 ➢ Robert Noyce 68, and BASIC(Beginners All-purpose
➢ Jack Kilby Symbolic Instruction Code) was developed
during these periods.
- Used integrated circuit which is a set of
electronic circuits on small flat pieces of
semiconductor that is normally known as
 silicon. The transistors were miniaturized and
placed on silicon chips which are called
semiconductors, which drastically increased
the efficiency and speed of the computers.
- Examples are NCR 395 (National Cash
Register), IBM 360,370 series, B6500
Fourth-generation of computer

- The period when the evolution of computer

networks takes place.
- These computers are also known as
microcomputers.
- A microprocessor contains all the circuits
required to perform arithmetic, logic, and
➢ Marcian Hoff,
1971- control functions on a single chip. Because
Masatoshi Shima
present of microprocessors, fourth-generation
➢ Federico Faggin
includes more data processing capacity
➢ Stanley Mazor
than equivalent-sized third-generation
computers. Due to the development of
microprocessors, it is possible to place the
CPU (central processing unit) on a single
chip.
- First microprocessor named was the “Intel
4004” CPU
- Examples are APPLE II, Alter 8800
Fifth-generation of computer

- These generations of computers were based

on AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology.
- VLSI technology and ULSI (Ultra Large Scale
Present Integration) technology are used and the
and ➢ John McCarthy speed of these computers is extremely high
Beyond - In this generation, computers are also
required to use a high level of languages like
C language, c++, java, etc.
- Examples are Desktop computers, laptops,
notebooks, MacBooks, etc. These all are the
computers which we are using.

References:

The Evolution Of Computer | Generations of Computer - C.S. Point

(computerstudypoint.com)
Who Invented AI? Exploring the Pioneers of Artificial Intelligence - The Enlightened
Mindset (tffn.net)
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-computers/
B. Types of Computers

● Supercomputer
○ A computer that is at the front-line of
current processing capacity, particularly
speed of calculation.
○ Usually used for tasks involving intense
numerical calculations such as weather
forecasting, scientific simulations, and
nuclear energy research

● Mainframe computer
○ A computer that is capable of handling
and processing very large amounts of data
quickly.
○ Can support hundreds or thousands of users
at the same time. It is mainly used in large
institutions such as the government, banks
and large corporations.

● Mini Computer
○ A medium-sized multiprocessing
computer that can support 4 to 200 users
at one time.
○ Similar to a microcontroller.
○ Often used in universities, scientific
research institutions and industrial
control fields.

● Workstation Computer
○ A powerful personal computer that is
designed for specialized tasks such as
graphics, engineering, and scientific
applications.
 ○ Usually has a high-performance processor, large memory, and advanced
graphics capabilities.

● Personal Computer (PC)

○ A computer that is designed for general-purpose use
by a single user. It can perform various tasks such as
word processing, web browsing, gaming, and
entertainment.
○ Can be classified into different types such as
desktop, laptop, netbook, tablet, and handheld PC.

● Server Computer
○ A computer that is connected to a network and
provides services to other computers or devices
on the network.
○ Can handle requests for data, files, email, web
pages, and other network resources. It usually has
a large storage capacity and high reliability.

● Analog Computer
○ A computer that uses continuous physical phenomena
such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to
model the problem being solved.
○ Can perform complex calculations by manipulating
analog signals. It is mainly used for scientific and
engineering applications such as simulation, control, and
signal processing.

● Tablets and Smartphone

○ A computer that is small enough to be held in
one hand and has a touchscreen interface.
○ Can perform various functions such as
communication, entertainment, education,
and productivity. It usually runs on a mobile
operating system such as Android, or iOS.
References:
https://bing.com/search?q=types+of+computers.
Types of Computers - GeeksforGeeks. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-
computers/.
6 Types of Computers and Their Purposes - MiniTool Partition Wizard.
https://www.partitionwizard.com/partitionmanager/types-of-computers.html.
10 Types of Computers, From Wearables to Supercomputers.
https://computer.howstuffworks.com/10-types-of-computers.htm.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer#/media/File:IBM_Blue_Gene_P_supercom
puter.jpg
https://www.ibm.com/topics/mainframe
https://www.shuttle.eu/en/
https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/D4D12AQFMv8V-eQ8nOQ/article-cover_image-
shrink_600_2000/0/1679145567850?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=xEJ8LEH_ubyYe_IcbgooMR
eM5tNP2l2UsomiDa_bLeE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_computer
https://t4.ftcdn.net/jpg/04/93/54/11/240_F_493541113_Mf6ssBAbgpCQifoGZEbjpwA8irQ
kTmkJ.jpg