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Cambridge International A Level: Mathematics 9709/31

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
97 views21 pages

Cambridge International A Level: Mathematics 9709/31

Uploaded by

Abdullah Nahir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cambridge International A Level

MATHEMATICS 9709/31
Paper 3 Pure Mathematics 3 October/November 2023
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2023 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level components, and some Cambridge O Level
components.

This document consists of 21 printed pages.

© UCLES 2023 [Turn over


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the
mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:


Marks must be awarded in line with:
• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:


Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:


Marks must be awarded positively:
• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the
syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as
indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:


Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:


Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited
according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:


Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in
mind.

© UCLES 2023 Page 2 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Mathematics Specific Marking Principles

1 Unless a particular method has been specified in the question, full marks may be awarded for any correct method. However, if a calculation is required
then no marks will be awarded for a scale drawing.

2 Unless specified in the question, non-integer answers may be given as fractions, decimals or in standard form. Ignore superfluous zeros, provided that the
degree of accuracy is not affected.

3 Allow alternative conventions for notation if used consistently throughout the paper, e.g. commas being used as decimal points.

4 Unless otherwise indicated, marks once gained cannot subsequently be lost, e.g. wrong working following a correct form of answer is ignored (isw).

5 Where a candidate has misread a number or sign in the question and used that value consistently throughout, provided that number does not alter the
difficulty or the method required, award all marks earned and deduct just 1 A or B mark for the misread.

6 Recovery within working is allowed, e.g. a notation error in the working where the following line of working makes the candidate’s intent clear.

© UCLES 2023 Page 3 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Mark Scheme Notes

The following notes are intended to aid interpretation of mark schemes in general, but individual mark schemes may include marks awarded for specific reasons
outside the scope of these notes.

Types of mark

M Method mark, awarded for a valid method applied to the problem. Method marks are not lost for numerical errors, algebraic slips or errors in units.
However, it is not usually sufficient for a candidate just to indicate an intention of using some method or just to quote a formula; the formula or idea
must be applied to the specific problem in hand, e.g. by substituting the relevant quantities into the formula. Correct application of a formula
without the formula being quoted obviously earns the M mark and in some cases an M mark can be implied from a correct answer.

A Accuracy mark, awarded for a correct answer or intermediate step correctly obtained. Accuracy marks cannot be given unless the associated method
mark is earned (or implied).

B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of method marks.

DM or DB When a part of a question has two or more ‘method’ steps, the M marks are generally independent unless the scheme specifically says otherwise;
and similarly, when there are several B marks allocated. The notation DM or DB is used to indicate that a particular M or B mark is dependent on
an earlier M or B (asterisked) mark in the scheme. When two or more steps are run together by the candidate, the earlier marks are implied and full
credit is given.

FT Implies that the A or B mark indicated is allowed for work correctly following on from previously incorrect results. Otherwise, A or B marks are
given for correct work only.

• A or B marks are given for correct work only (not for results obtained from incorrect working) unless follow through is allowed (see abbreviation FT above).
• For a numerical answer, allow the A or B mark if the answer is correct to 3 significant figures or would be correct to 3 significant figures if rounded (1
decimal place for angles in degrees).
• The total number of marks available for each question is shown at the bottom of the Marks column.
• Wrong or missing units in an answer should not result in loss of marks unless the guidance indicates otherwise.
• Square brackets [ ] around text or numbers show extra information not needed for the mark to be awarded.

© UCLES 2023 Page 4 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Abbreviations

AEF/OE Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) / Or Equivalent

AG Answer Given on the question paper (so extra checking is needed to ensure that the detailed working leading to the result is valid)

CAO Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no ‘follow through’ from a previous error is allowed)

CWO Correct Working Only

ISW Ignore Subsequent Working

SOI Seen Or Implied

SC Special Case (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a case where some standard marking practice is to be varied in the
light of a particular circumstance)

WWW Without Wrong Working

AWRT Answer Which Rounds To

© UCLES 2023 Page 5 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

1 Use correct quotient or product rule *M1

(1 − 3 x)2 x − x 2 ( −3)  2 x − 3 x 2 
Obtain correct derivative in any form A1
e.g. =  or
(1 − 3 x) 2  (1 − 3 x )2 
 
3x2 (1 − 3x ) + 2x (1 − 3x ) .
−2 −1

Equate derivative to 8 and solve for x DM1 75x2 − 50x + 8 = (15x − 4)(5x − 2) .

2 4 A1 Exact values required.


Obtain answers x = and
5 15

4 16 A1 Allow A1 for one correct point.


Obtain answers y = − and
5 45

© UCLES 2023 Page 6 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

2 Show points representing 2i and –2 + i B1 Can be implied if the correct perpendicular is drawn.

Show perpendicular bisector of their (2i and –2 + i) B1FT

Show correct half–line of gradient 1 from point (–1, 0) B1 Should pass through (0, 1).

Correct loci and shade correct region B1

© UCLES 2023 Page 7 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

3 State or imply that ln y = ln a + x ln b B1

Carry out a completely correct method for finding ln a or ln b M1 3.7 = ln a + ln b and 6.46 = ln a + 2.2ln b
leading to ln a = 1.4 , ln b = 2.3 .

Obtain value a = 4.06 A1

Obtain value b = 9.97 A1 SC B1 for a = e1.4 and b = e2.3 .

Alternative Method for Question 3

e3.7 = ab1 and e6.46 = ab2.2 B1

Divide to obtain e2.76 = b1.2 and state or imply 2.76 = 1.2lnb M1

Obtain value a = 4.06 A1

Obtain value b = 9.97 A1

© UCLES 2023 Page 8 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(a) Multiply numerator and denominator by a + 5i M1 OE

Use i2 = –1 M1 At least once.

3a − 10 2a + 15 A1
Obtain answer + i
a 2 + 25 a 2 + 25

Alternative Method for Question 4(a)

Multiply x + iy by a – 5i and use i2 = –1 M1

Compare real and imaginary parts M1 3 = ax + 5y, 2 = ay – 5x.

3a − 10 2a + 15 A1
Obtain answer + i
a 2 + 25 a 2 + 25

4(b) State or imply Im(a) ÷ Re(a) = 1 M1 Or Im(a) = Re(a) or equivalent for their u.

Obtain answer a = 25 A1

© UCLES 2023 Page 9 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(a) Use correct trig formulae and obtain an equation in sin x and cos x *M1 Allow one sign error.

Obtain a correct equation in any form A1 e.g 2cos x sin π6 = −2sin x sin π3 .

Substitute exact trig ratios and obtain an expression for tan x DM1 Allow one sign error.

1 A1 Or exact equivalent.
Obtain answer tan x = −
3

5(b) 5π B1
Obtain answer, e.g. x =
6

11π B1FT FT first answer +  (provided 0 ⩽ first answer ⩽ ).


Obtain second answer, e.g. x = and no others in the interval
6 Or FT first answer –  (provided  ⩽ first answer ⩽ 2).
Ignore any answers outside interval.

© UCLES 2023 Page 10 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(a) State correct derivative of x or y with respect to t B1 dx 1 − 2


1
dy 1
= t , = .
dt 2 dt t

dy dy dt M1 Use correct chain rule.


Use = 
dx dt dx

dy 2 A1 −1 2 t
Obtain answer = Or simplified equivalent e.g 2t 2 or .
dx t t

6(b) dy 1 M1
State or imply their =
dx 2

Obtain t =4 A1 Or equivalent.

Obtain answer (7, ln 16) A1 Or exact equivalent.


Can state the two components separately.

© UCLES 2023 Page 11 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

 tan d =  x
7 Separate variables correctly B1 x
dx .
+3 2

Condone missing integral signs or missing dx, d.


Can be implied by later work.

Obtain term –ln(cos ) B1 Or equivalent e.g. ln(sec ).

Obtain term of the form a ln x2 + 3( ) M1

( )
1 A1
Obtain term ln x 2 + 3
2

Use x = 1, 𝜃 = 0 to evaluate a constant or as limits in a solution containing M1 If they have rearranged then the constant must be of the
( )
terms of the form a ln x2 + 3 and b ln(cos ) correct form.

Obtain correct answer in any form A1 1


2
ln (x 2
)
+ 3 = − ln cos + ln 2 .

4 A1 Or equivalent e.g. x 2 = 4sec2 x − 3 .


Obtain final answer x 2 = −3
cos 2 lns removed.

© UCLES 2023 Page 12 of 21


6
9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
f(x) = x PUBLISHED
Question g(x) = eAnswer
x
3 Marks Guidance
4

8(a) Sketch a relevant graph, e.g. y = ex – 3 B1

y = ex – 3 Should cut vertical axis at (0, –2) and have increasing gradient. 2

y= x
Sketch a second relevant graph, e.g. y = x and justify the given statement B1

10 5 5 10
y= x should start at (0, 0) and have reducing grading y=ex - 3

Ignore anything outside 1st and 4th quadrants.


4
For second B1 need to mark intersection with a dot, a
cross, or say root at point of intersection, or equivalent.

8(b) Calculate the values of a relevant expression or pair of expressions at x = 1 M1


and x = 2

Complete the argument correctly with correct calculated values A1 e.g. 1  −0.28.., 1.41  4.39..
1.28 > 0, –2.98 < 0.

8(c)
( )
State x = ln 3 + x and rearrange to the given equation x = ex − 3 B1 Or rearrange x = e x − 3 to x = ln(3 + x ) and state
iterative formula of xn+1 = ln(3 + xn ) .
AG

© UCLES 2023 Page 13 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

8(d) Use the iterative process correctly at least once M1

Obtain final answer 1.43 A1

Show sufficient iterations to at least 4 d.p. to justify 1.43 to 2 d.p. or show A1 e.g. 1, 1.3864, 1.4297, 1.4341, …
there is a sign change in the interval (1.425, 1.435) 1.5, 1.4210, 1.4332, 14.344, 1.4345, …
Condone recovery and small differences in the final figure in the iteration 2, 1.4848, 1.4395, 1.4350, 1.4346, 1.4345, …

Question Answer Marks Guidance

9(a) Use the correct product rule *M1 Condone error in chain rule.

Obtain correct derivative in any form A1 x2 x2


dy x2 − −
e.g. =− e 4 +e 4 .
dx 2

Equate derivative to zero and solve for x DM1

 − 
1 A1 Or exact equivalent.
Obtain answer  2, 2e 2  Can state the components separately.
 
 

© UCLES 2023 Page 14 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

9(b) 1 −
1 B1 Or equivalent e.g. du = 2xdx .
State or imply dx = u 2 du 1
2 Alternative substitution: u = − x 2 .
4

Substitute for x and dx M1

1 − u
1 A1 OE
Obtain correct integral  e 4 du
2

1
− u
1
− x2 M1 u = 9 and u = 0 or x = 3 and x = 0.
Use correct limits in an integral of the form ae 4 or ae 4


9 A1 Or exact equivalent.
Obtain answer 2 − 2e 4

Alternative Method for Question 9(b)

1
− x2
1
− x2 M1 Recognition used.
 xe 4 dx = ae 4

a negative A1

a=−2 A1

1
− x2 M1 x = 3 and x = 0.
Use correct limits in an integral of the form ae 4


9 A1 Or exact equivalent.
Obtain answer 2 − 2e 4

© UCLES 2023 Page 15 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

10(a) A B C B1
State or imply the form + +
1 − 2 x 2 + x ( 2 + x )2

Use a correct method for finding a coefficient M1 A(2 + x)2 + B(1 – 2x)(2 + x) + C(1 – 2x)
= 24x + 13.

Obtain one of A = 4, B = 2 and C = –7 A1 If errors in equating still allow A marks for A and C.

Obtain a second value A1

Obtain the third value A1 A Dx + E


Mark the form + , where A = 4, D = 2
1 − 2x ( 2 + x )2
and E = –3, B1 M1 A1 A1 A1 as above.

If there are extra term in partial fractions, that is 4


unknowns A, B, D and E then B0 unless recover at end,
e.g. by setting B = 0.
If B set to any value other than 0 and all coefficients
correctly found to their new values then allow all A
marks, but still B0 for partial fraction expression. Hence
A1 for each coefficient, but nothing for coefficient set to
specific value.
Another case of extra term in partial fraction expression,
namely + F, mark as above but need F = 0 to recover B1.

© UCLES 2023 Page 16 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

10(b) Use a correct method to find the first two terms of the expansion of M1 Symbolic coefficients are not sufficient for the M1.
−1 −2
(1 − 2x )−1 , ( 2 + x )−1 , ( 2 + x )−2 , 1 +
x  x
 or 1 + 
 2  2

Obtain correct un-simplified expansions up to the term in x 2 of each partial A1 FT  ( −1)( −2 ) 


A  1 + ( −1)( −2 x ) + ( −2 x )2 + ..  A = 4.
fraction  2 

A1 FT B  x  ( −1)( −2 )  x  
2

 1 + ( −1)   +   + ...  B = 2.
2 2 2 2 

C  x  ( −2 )( −3)  x  
A1 FT 2
1 + ( −2 )   +   + ...  C = –7
4 2 2 2 
= 4(1 + 2x + 4x ) + 2/2(1 – x/2 + x /4) – 7/4(1 – x + 3x2/4)
2 2

= (4 + 1 – 7/4) + (8 – 1/2 + 7/4) x + (16 + 1/4 – 21/16) x2


The FT is on A, B, C.

© UCLES 2023 Page 17 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

13 37 239 2 A1 OE
Obtain final answer + x+ x (Dx + E)/4 [1 + (–2)(x/2) +(–2)(–3)(x/2)2/2 …]
4 4 16
D = 2 E = –3
The FT is on A, D, E.

Maclaurin’s Series
f(0) = 13/4 B1 f’(0) = 37/4 B1 f”(0) = 239/8 B1.
13 37 239 2
+ x+ x /2 or equivalent M1 A1.
4 4 8
37 239 2
If 1 + x+ x /2 then M0 A0 unless their f(0)
4 8
actually is 1.

For the A, D, E form of fractions, give M1 A1FT A1FT


for the expanded partial fractions, then, if D ≠ 0, M1 for
multiplying out fully, and A1 for the final answer.

If final answer has been multiplied throughout (e.g. by


16) then A0 at the end

10(c) 1 B1 OE
x
2

Question Answer Marks Guidance

11(a) Obtain 3i + 2j + k B1 Accept coordinates in place of position vector.

© UCLES 2023 Page 18 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

11(b) AM or AP correct soi B1 AM = 2j + k, or AP = –2i + j + 2k.

Carry out correct process for evaluating the scalar product of AM and AP M1 or MA and PA : 0 + 2 + 2 .

Using the correct process for the moduli, divide the scalar product by the M1  4 
product of the moduli and obtain the inverse cosine of the result For their vectors.  = cos −1  .
3 5

Obtain answer 53.4° or 0.932c A1

11(c) Find PQ (or QP ) for a general point Q on the line passing through O and M, B1 FT e.g. PQ = - (i + j + 2k) + μ(3i + 2j + k). Follow their M.

Calculate the scalar product of PQ and a direction vector for the line passing *M1
through O and M and equate to zero

1 A1
Solve and obtain correct solution e.g.  = −
2

Carry out method to calculate PQ DM1 .52 + 0 + 1.52 .

10 A1 Or exact equivalent.
Obtain answer
2

Alternative Method 1 for Question 11(c)

Find PQ (or QP ) for a general point Q on the line passing through O and M, B1 FT e.g. PQ = - (i + j + 2k) + μ(3i + 2j + k). Follow their M.

Use a correct method to express PQ2 (or PQ) in terms of µ *M1

Obtain a correct equation in any form A1 e.g. PQ2 = (1 + 3μ)2 + (1 + 2μ)2 + (2 + μ)2

© UCLES 2023 Page 19 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

11(c) Carry out a complete method for finding its minimum DM1 1
e.g. 6(1 + 3 ) + 4(1 + 2 ) + 2(2 +  ) = 0,  = − .
2

10 A1 Or exact equivalent.
Obtain answer
2

Alternative Method 2 for Question 11(c)

Calling (0, 0, 0) A, state PA (or AP ) in component form, e.g. i + j + 2k B1

Use a scalar product to find the projection of PA (or AP ) on the line passing M1
through O and M

7 A1 OE
Obtain correct answer
14

Use Pythagoras to find the perpendicular M1 2


 7 
d = AP − AQ = 1 + 1 + 2 − 
2 2 2
 .
 14 

10 A1 Or exact equivalent.
Obtain answer
2

Alternative Method 3 for Question 11(c)

Calling (0, 0, 0) A, state PA (or AP ) in component form, e.g. i + j + 2k B1

Calculate the vector product of PA and a direction vector for the line passing M1
through O and M

Obtain correct answer, e.g. 3i – 5j + k A1

© UCLES 2023 Page 20 of 21


9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

11(c) Divide modulus of the product by that of the direction vector M1 32 + 52 + 12


e.g. .
32 + 22 + 12

10 A1 Or exact equivalent.
Obtain answer
2

© UCLES 2023 Page 21 of 21

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