LINAC 96

SMOOTH ION ENERGY TUNING IN LINEAR ACCELERATOR

A.Shalnov, B.Bogdanovich, A.Nesterovich

MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

3
Abstract 8

4 4 4 4 4 4
This paper presents the results of experimental research 7
of energy variable proton linac, which consists of 5 5 5 5 5 5
independently driven one-gap accelerating cavities. Cavity 2

design proposed by authors seems to be optimal for high

11
values of energy gain and beam current. A multichanel 1
accelerating structure allows to accelerate several ion beams.
Beam focusing is accomplished by means of electrostatic 9
10
quadruples with variable potential, which is chosen from the
viewpoint of maximum beam transit factor for each operation
mode, determined by output energy. The other energy
variable accelerating structures with operating frequency Fig.1. The accelerator block diagram.
changing are also under consideration.
The schematic drawing of a structure in two projections
The modern stage of accelerator engineering is shown on fig. 2. On a drawing are indicated: 1 - resonator
development in Russia is characterized by a peculiar cylindrical wall, forming a vacuum chamber, 2, 3 - resonator
combination of the requirements to expansion function face wall, 4 - drift tube, 5 - disk, 6 - drift tube face cover, 7 -
opportunities radiation installations and their efficiency dielectric electrodes 8 holders of electrostatic focusing
increase with decrease of material inputs on their creation system, 9 - electrodes 8 potentials input, 10 - loop of a RF
and exploitation. In the ion accelerators area to number capacity level measurer, 11 - power input from a generator,
of such problems it is possible to relate creation of 12 - pump system vacuum collector, 13 - frequency
complexes, capable to receive beams with any by given adjustment element, 14 - drift aperture. The drift tube cover
energy from a zero up to maximum and ensuring thus 6 and disk 5 are replaceable, that permits by a way on
transfer to ions reasonably large (up to several tens percent) selection of these elements with the various sizes to adjust
part of RF energy from a generator. resonant frequency of resonators in small limits, that it is
This problem not decided so far due to problems of convenient on stage of accelerator start. The focusing system
practical realization. The last were connected mainly to electrodes fix on a plate with a opportunity them tuning on
absence of the constructive decisions enabling to supply high mandrils. The diametrical sizes of a drift tube internal cavity
energy gain in a meter range (i.e. ions accelerators range), admit accommodation of a focusing system for several
that is significant longitudinal sizes of resonators at a channels located on circles by some centimeters diameter.
limited potential gradient, stipulated with breakdown Accelerating structure pump carried out through cylindrical
significance on a small accelerating gap. collectors, connected to nonoil pumps. Ones provided
The accelerator block diagram of which is indicated on vacuum in a structure better then 3⋅10-6 Torr. Tuning
fig.1. By the authors was offered as the main accelerating is executed with help of the laser beam and mandrils.
element of installation to use a polyaxial resonator (PR). Diameter of a sicumference channels centers circle in
Ones formed from a known cylindrical resonator with wide spent experiments makes 6 sm. The resonator loaded quality
aperture drift tube by its installation on the end face of a equals ∼700, coupling factor ∼2, own quality ∼2000.
disk with a diameter close to size of a resonator cylindrical Arriving to the resonator power was defined as differences by
wall. On fig. 1 are entered following reviews: 1 - ions the dropping and reflected waves power. The
injector, 2 - PR, 3 - RF feed system specifying generator, 4 - shunt resistance significance was determined by the power
phase shifters, 5 - RF amplifiers, 6 - electrodes of a spectrum comparison of a simulating electron beam (instead
electrostatic focusing system, 7 - magnetic analyzer, 8, 9 - of ions were injected electrons with energy ∼40 keV).
ions beam collectors, 10 - variable resistance of a power Dependence based on the accelerated electrons energy
supply system of the electrodes 6, 11 - beam slot-hole maximum and appropriate entered power level in view of the
collimating system. Given scheme has basic character and previous changes allowed to estimate shunt resistance
does not exclude a opportunity of phase adjustment in a most significance. Within the measurements accuracy limits of
specifying generator, or directly in accelerating cascades. As 10% it has made 80 kOm.
well as variant of discrete phase change at the expense of The proton acceleration in an energy adjustment mode
replacement wave cable with fixed electric length. The for the account of appropriate resonators phasing was
length determine the phases difference on the generator 3 executed after preliminary selection of transportation
output and each particular resonator. optimum conditions in a electrostatic quadruple lenses

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 LINAC 96

system. Thus in each of quadruples one electrodes pair of

I i, µ
opposite transportation channel was ground and second was A
10 ϕ = -85 o
under positive or negative potential.
5

0
A 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 I,A
I i, µ
A
1 2 3 5 10 ϕ = -50 o

0
4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 I,A
4 6
I i, µ
A
10 ϕ = -14 o

7
5
8
0
4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 I,A
I i, µ
A
10 ϕ = -0 o

0
4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 I,A

I i, µ
A
10 ϕ =14 o

0
4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 I,A
I i, µ
A
A 10 ϕ = 50 o

0
9 A-A 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 I,A

Fig.3. The dependencies of proton current from the current

10
in magnet winds for various RF fields phases
significance (P/2=17 kW).

I p, µA
10 P/2=22 kW
11
5

0
4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 I,A
I p, µA
P/2=17 kW
10
14
5
12
0
4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 I,A
I p, µA
10 P/2=14 kW

13
5
Fig.2. The accelerator structure schematic drawing.
0
4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 I,A
At the power level in one resonator 40 kW the energy I p, µA
10
gain in it reached up to 56 keV. On fig. 3, 4 experimental P/2=11 kW

dependencies of a current in magnet winds (power spectra 5

analogue) are submitted. Ones removed for various RF fields
0
phases significance in first and third resonators (in second - 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 I,A
the RF power was not entered). As well as for a various RF
power level at its division equally on the general accelerator Fig.4. The dependencies of proton current from the current
cascade output by means of phase shifter bridge scheme. As in magnet winds for various RF power levels (ϕ=-
it is visible from these drawings given regime of proton 40°).
output energy smooth adjustment is realized in complete
volume.

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 LINAC 96

The realization simultaneous phase and peak same acceleration complex of a various type ions is opened.
regulation provides the task opportunity of any change law of In particular, in a considered structure it is possible
RF fields accelerating harmonic phase speed along system deuterons acceleration. For transition to heavier ions can
length. That it is necessary for particles acceleration in the be recommended PR with several disks installed on drift tube
high energy fields. It means that the accelerators on all and external wall.
energy (up to relative) can be executed on the basis of Use of a double gap resonators sequence in the kind
identical single gap resonators optimized under the form and quarter wave vibrator with drift tube is represented
sizes from a point of view of power walls losses reasonably effective also. Thus the each resonator frequency
minimization, that is efficiency increase. Besides fall away is determined by a situation relocatable short piston in the
necessity of transition to higher frequencies. That is increase vibrator basis. The ions flight time between backlashes can
a ions capture factor at the expense of losses absence on be adjusted in potential of electrode, located in each tube.
transition sites. As well as simplifies RF system as a whole.
Besides a new functional opportunity of acceleration in the

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