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Thread Creation and Thread Lifecycle

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18 views

Thread Creation and Thread Lifecycle

Uploaded by

Praneeth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Thread Creation and Thread Lifecycle

Thread creation and Thread lifecycle

Thread Creation

A thread in programming is a sequence of executable instructions that can run concurrently with
other such sequences. Threads are the smallest unit of execution within a process, and they share the
process's resources but execute independently. Here’s an overview of thread creation in some
common programming languages:

1. Java:
Extending the Thread class:

java

class MyThread extends Thread {


public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread is running");
}
}

public class TestThread {


public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread t1 = new MyThread();
t1.start(); // Start the thread
}
}

Implementing the Runnable interface:

java

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {


public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread is running");
}
}

public class TestThread {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(new MyRunnable());
t1.start(); // Start the thread
}
}

2. Python:
Using the threading module:

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python

import threading

def thread_function():
print("Thread is running")

if __name__ == "__main__":
thread = threading.Thread(target=thread_function)
thread.start() # Start the thread

3. C++:
Using the `<thread>` library:

cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

void thread_function() {
std::cout << "Thread is running" << std::endl;
}

int main() {
std::thread t(thread_function);
t.join(); // Wait for the thread to finish
return 0;
}

Thread Lifecycle

The lifecycle of a thread includes several states:

1. New:
The thread is created but not yet started.
Example: `Thread t = new Thread();`
2. Runnable:
The thread is ready to run and waiting for CPU time.
Example: `t.start();`
3. Running:
The thread is executing.
This state is managed by the operating system’s thread scheduler.
4. Blocked/Waiting:
The thread is waiting for a resource or condition before it can proceed.
Example: Waiting for I/O operations, acquiring a lock, or a specific condition to become
true.
5. Timed Waiting:
The thread is waiting for a specified amount of time.
Example: `Thread.sleep(1000);` in Java or `time.sleep(1)` in Python.
6. Terminated:
The thread has finished executing or has been explicitly terminated.
Example: The run method completes, or `t.interrupt();` is called in Java.

Java Thread Lifecycle Diagram

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Here's a simplified diagram of the thread lifecycle in Java:

rust

New -> Runnable <-> Running -> Terminated


\ ^ |
v | v
Blocked/Waiting Timed Waiting

Common Methods Affecting Thread Lifecycle

1. Java:
`start()`:
Moves a thread from New to Runnable.
`run()`: Defines the thread’s task; not called directly to start the thread.
`sleep(long millis)`: Puts the thread into Timed Waiting.
`wait()`: Puts the thread into Waiting.
`notify() / notifyAll()`: Wakes up a waiting thread.
`join()`: Waits for a thread to die.
2. Python:
`start()`: Starts the thread’s activity.
`run()`: Defines the thread’s task; not called directly to start the thread.
`join()`: Waits for the thread to terminate.
`time.sleep(secs)`: Puts the thread into Timed Waiting.
3. C++:
`std::thread::join()`: Waits for the thread to complete.
`std::this_thread::sleep_for(duration)`: Puts the thread into Timed Waiting.
`std::this_thread::yield()`: Suggests to the implementation to reschedule the execution
of threads, allowing other threads to run.

Understanding thread creation and lifecycle is crucial for developing concurrent applications, ensuring
proper resource management, and avoiding issues like deadlocks and race conditions.
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