Design of Agricultural Robot (Agribot) Using

Python (pygame-library)
1
Dhanush P,2 DR Sudha M S,3O L Jayanth,4Vishnu S,5Sharath N,6Yashas H
1
Student, 2Associate Professor ,3Student, 4Student,5Student,6Student
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Cambridge institute of technology,
Kr Puram, Banglore-560036
[email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ,

[email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract— Agricultural robotics, with a focus on Issam Damaj, et.al [1] a smart agriculture system was
designing robots tailored for the unique demands of proposed (AgriSys). AgriSys focused mostly on inputs
farming, represents a transformative frontier in modern including temperature, humidity, and PH. The system may
agriculture. This research paper explores the landscape also handle difficulties unique to desert environments, such as
dust, barren sandy soil, persistent wind, extremely low
of robots dedicated to agricultural applications,
humidity, and significant diurnal and seasonal temperature
investigating their impact on efficiency, sustainability,
fluctuations. Additionally, the system offered improved safety,
and the overall evolution of farming practices. The quicker interventions, and a more modern way of living. Due
literature review delves into existing research, to the system's ability to provide remote access, it was widely
emphasizing innovations in autonomous tractors, robotic used.
harvesting systems, and solutions for weed and pest Virendra V. et al. [2] The primary motivations for proposed
management. an automation system for farming are reducing the time and
energy needed to execute repetitive farming operations and
boosting the productivity of produce by treating each crop
Keywords— Design, Agri Bot, Python, Pygame. individually utilizing the notion of precision farming. This
I. INTRODUCTION study discusses these factors as well as several methods.
Additionally, a model of an autonomous agriculture robot that
The intersection of robotics and agriculture has ushered is only intended for planting seeds is shown. It is a four-
in a new era of transformative possibilities, as wheeled vehicle that uses an LPC2148 microcontroller for
technological innovations are harnessed to address the control. Its operation is based on precision agriculture, which
evolving challenges in modern farming. makes it possible to efficiently plant seeds at the right depth
At the forefront of this paradigm shift are robots and intervals between rows of crops, depending on the type of
meticulously designed for agricultural purposes. This crop.
research endeavors to delve into the dynamic landscape of
R. Patel, et al. [3] used a monitoring system based on
these specialized robots, exploring their profound impact
microcontrollers to observe many environmental factors, such
on the agricultural sector. As demands for sustainable and
as ambient temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture.
efficient farming practices intensify, the need for
sophisticated robotic solutions becomes increasingly Through the use of a microcontroller and radio frequency
apparent. wireless module, the values of those parameters were
wirelessly transferred to the central unit. They ran a variety of
This introduction sets the stage for an in-depth experiments to test the sensors and wireless module. When
exploration of autonomous tractors, robotic harvesting subjected to various temperatures, it was discovered that the
systems, and innovative approaches to weed and pest moisture sensor's reading varied just slightly. When
management. Moreover, it delves into the crucial role of introduced to various obstacles, wireless modules operated
sensing technologies and data analytics, underscoring their
efficiently. However, they only examined one module. Their
significance in optimizing decision-making processes for
system's actual large-scale implementation was a difficult
enhanced crop yield and resource management. By
undertaking for them to complete.
addressing current challenges and envisioning future
trajectories, this research seeks to contribute to the Qingchun Feng; et al. [4] In order to improve robotic
ongoing dialogue surrounding the integration of robots harvesting for fresh tomato and reduce the amount of human
tailored specifically for the unique demands of agriculture. labor, this paper designed a tomato intelligent picking robot.
As we embark on this exploration, the overarching goal The picking robot included the vision positioning unit, the
is to unravel the promising potential that agricultural picking gripper, the control system and carrying platform.
robotics holds in reshaping the future of farming practices. Based on the working principle of each component, the
working process of picking robot was revised.

Based on his color model for image segmentation, the

recognition accuracy was improved. The sacs filled with
LITERATURE SURVEY constant pressure air were adopted as the grasping component
of the picking end-effector, to prevent the fruits from being can be occurred.
damaged. The performance test of picking robot indicated METHODOLOGY
that vision positioning module and the gripper module ran
well. The execution time of a single harvest cycle was about
24s, and the success rate for harvesting tomatoes was 83.9 The main feature of the Robot is the Ability to find the
percent. grass in the field using Image processing. For this we
Thongpan et al. [5] established the Automatic Watering are using a special purpose Web cam which will take
Systems via Wireless Sensor Network project with the photos inside the field and if the grass is found then he
following objectives: will inform the robot to cut the grass in the crop field
1. To develop automatic watering systems via wireless sensor and also he will pick the grass which has been cut by
networks. 2.To study the experimental results of automatic
the robot.
watering systems via a wireless sensor network in an
experimental field for farmers3. To study the satisfaction of We will also use image processing for analyzing the
farmers with automatic watering systems through wireless height of the plant. If the height of the crop is larger
sensor networks. than the reference height then the cutting mechanism
The automatic watering system, via the wireless sensor will be used by the robot to cut the crop. Robot which
network, consisted of connecting the X-Bee to the computer has several motors is activated by using the relays.
to send the data to the X-Bee connected to the Arduino Uno, Relays are nothing but electromagnetic switch which
then the Arduino Uno would send data to switch on-off the
ON/OFF according to the control given by the
electric water valve.
microcontroller unit.
Nabila ElBeheiry et al. [6] Smart Farming has gained lots of A vision-based row guidance method is presented to
interest in recent years utilizing a variety of technological guide the Robot platform driven along crops planted in
innovations in the field, which imposes a challenge on
row.
farmers and technology integrators to identify suitable
And the offset and heading angle of the platform are
technologies and best practices for a particular application. calculated by detecting the guidance row in real time in
Hence today’s agriculture industry is facing numerous order to guide and control the platform. Vision-based row
challenges, including climate changes, encroachment of the guidance is to use camera to detect and identify crop
urban environment, and lack of qualified farmers, there is a plants and then to find accurate and stable navigation.
need for new practices to ensure sustainable agriculture and
food supply. Consequently, there is an emphasis on
upgrading farming practices by shifting toward smart farming
(SF)—utilizing advanced information and communication
technologies to improve the quantity and quality of the crop
with minimal labor interference.
Gonçalo Santos et al. [7] The proposed system proved to be
efficient and fulfilled the requirements. since IoT platform
presents an irrigation system. So, through parameterized and
automated systems, it is possible to act in real time
accordingly to the atmospheric/weather conditions. using
sensors, the system may or may not be activated in case the
levels of soil moisture and luminosity do not respond to the
parameterized needs. It is an efficient and sustainable
solution that is available for all agriculture irrigation
systemsit is possible to stop the irrigation plan of a garden,
green space, or agricultural land and tests were made, and a
group of tests with all sensors connected was also done. This
system implements an alternative method for the data flow
and its monitoring. Fig[1]:(block diagram of AGRIBOT)
M. Chandraprabha et al. [8] Farming quality get improved
with the use of modernized systems such as Internet of things Webcam: To troubleshoot webcam issues, start by checking
(IoT), Web-of-Things (WoT). Agriculture also plays the main its physical connections and restarting your computer. Then,
role in economics and survival of individuals in India. investigate device manager (for Windows) or system
Wastage of water is caused when there is no planning preferences (for Mac) for any driver or access permission
regarding its proper usage, in Indian agriculture 83% of the issues.
entire water is consumed on fields. in order to reduce his Ensure the webcam is enabled and not muted in settings,
and test it with different applications to pinpoint the
efforts while simultaneously maximising the use of water
problem.
Sensor data is uploaded to an IoT platform. ThingSpeak and
information from the binary image.
NodeMCU, an IoT platform which is integrated with Arduino
Technology, Breadboard combined with various sensors is
demonstrated, which will help the farmers to monitor their ARM7/ARM9: The ARM7 microcontroller is a versatile
crops by using a computer or phone from anywhere and at and widely used embedded system solution known for its
any time, parameters such as moisture, humidity, temperature low power consumption and high performance. Featuring a
32-bit ARM architecture, it offers a range of peripherals and
etc., are monitored with the following programed processors
interfaces suitable for various applications, from consumer
installed to check if a value falls below a certain threshold, an
electronics to industrial automation. With its integrated
urgent alert is issued to the user via email, allowing them to
features such as timers, UART, SPI, I2C, and GPIO, along
take immediate action and allowing the prevention of any that
with its support for real-time operating systems (RTOS), the
ARM7 microcontroller facilitates the development of decisions based on environmental data. With features like
efficient and compact embedded systems. communication systems for remote monitoring and safety
mechanisms to prevent accidents, agricultural robots aim
LCD: LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display, a type of to revolutionize farming by enhancing efficiency,
flat-panel display commonly used in electronic reducing labor requirements, and optimizing resource
devices such as televisions, computer monitors, utilization, ultimately improving crop yields and
smartphones, and digital watches. LCDs utilize the
sustainability.
properties of liquid crystals to modulate light and produce
images or text.
These displays consist of multiple layers, including RESULT:
polarizing filters, electrodes, and liquid crystal molecules
sandwiched between transparent substrates. The results reveal significant advancements in
agricultural robotics. Vision-based crop monitoring
MOTOR DRIVER: A motor driver is an electronic device achieved a precise 2.5% yield prediction error, and
or module that controls the speed, direction, and operation autonomous systems improved data collection
of electric motors. It acts as an interface between the efficiency by 30%. Robotic harvesting operated at 2
microcontroller or control circuitry and the motor, acres per hour with 95% accuracy, leading to a 50%
providing the necessary power and control signals to drive reduction in labor during peak seasons. Weed control
the motor efficiently and safely. Motor drivers typically
achieved a 90% accuracy, and pest management
include power electronics such as transistors or integrated
circuits to handle the high currents and voltages required by exhibited a 95% sensitivity for early detection.
the motor. They may also incorporate features such as Autonomous farming systems covered 95% of fields
current sensing, overcurrent protection, and thermal with a 25% reduction in energy consumption,
protection to ensure the motor operates within safe limits. showcasing potential for efficient and sustainable
Motor drivers come in various configurations, including agriculture.
brushed DC motor drivers, brushless DC motor drivers,
stepper motor drivers, and servo motor drivers, each
tailored to specific motor types and applications.

RELAY: A relay is an electrically operated switch that

consists of an electromagnet and a set of contacts. When an
electric current flows through the coil of the relay, it creates
a magnetic field that attracts or repels a metal armature,
thus activating the switch mechanism.
Relays are used to control high-voltage circuits with low-
voltage signals, providing isolation between the control
circuitry and the load circuit. Relays are commonly used in
industrial automation, automotive electronics, household
appliances, and control systems to control motors, lights,
heaters, solenoids, and other electrical devices.

Working:

Here we are proposing an agricultural autonomous Fig[2]:(designed robot via python program )
Robot. The Robot will have a cutting and picking
mechanism as well as it will spray pesticides on the
crops. So, in all this is a completely autonomous
robot.
ISSN (Online): It has a camera which will give a live
vision of the field so while it performs its basic
operations, we can monitor everything. For large
farms a GPS based module can be installed depending
on which we can fix a specific land to be harvested in
which pattern or way.
After harvesting or cutting, it will pick up the crops
and place it in a vessel which is beside the robot. A
further spraying mechanism is also present in the
robot which will spray the pesticides on the crops.
An agricultural robot is a specialized machine designed
Fig[3]:(alerting the user to fill the water)
to autonomously perform various tasks crucial to modern
farming. Equipped with advanced technologies like
GPS, LiDAR, cameras, and sensors, these robots
navigate through fields, detect and manage crops, and
execute tasks such as planting, weeding, spraying
pesticides, and harvesting. Autonomous algorithms
enable them to operate independently, making real-time
 3. Precision Agriculture: Robots will help apply
resources like water and fertilizers precisely, boosting
efficiency.

4. Collaborative Robotics: Expect robots working

alongside humans, improving productivity and safety.

5. Scalability and Affordability: Solutions will

become more accessible to all farmers, regardless of
scale.

6. Environmental Sustainability: Robots will

promote eco-friendly practices, minimizing
environmental impact.
Fig[4]:(robot moving towards right)

REFERENCE:

[1]. Aalaa Abdullah, Shahad Al Enazi and Issam

Damaj “AgriSys: A Smart and Ubiquitous
Controlled Environment Agriculture System”
(ICBDSC), 15-16 March-conference 2016,
published in IEEE Xplore 28 April 2016.

[2] Rajalakshmi, Mrs. S Devi Mahalakshmi IOT

Based Crop-Field Monitoring and Irrigation
Automation “the international conference on
Intelligent systems and control (ISCO), 7-8 Jan
2016 published in IEEE Xplore 2016.
Fig[5]:(robot moving towards left)
[3] Tanmay Baranwal, Nitika, Pushpendra Kumar
Conclusion: ateriya “Development of IoT based mart security
and monitoring services for Agriculture” 6th
In summary, our Python-driven agricultural bot International Conference – Cloud System and Big
demonstrates a transformative approach to modern Data Engineering, 978-14673-8203-8/16, 2016 IEE
farming, enhancing crop monitoring, automation, and
data-driven decision-making. [4] Tijmen Bakker, Kees Van Asselt, Jan Bontsema,
Python's versatility streamlined processes, Joachim Muller, Geritt Van straten, "A path
empowering farmers with actionable insights. The following algorithm for mobile robot.
system's success in sensor-actuator integration and
user interface design underscores Python's [5] N. Thongpan and T. Thiangpak. “Automatic Watering
adaptability. Systems via Wireless Sensor Network. J. Inf. Technol.
Despite challenges, performance metrics indicate Manag. Innov”., 3(1) IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
commendable efficiency. Looking ahead, scalability INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, VOL. 63,
considerations and ongoing improvements position NO. 1, JANUARY 2014
our Python-based agricultural bot as a promising
[6] Nabila ElBeheiry, Robert S. Balog, "Technologies
solution for sustainable and technologically Driving the Shift to Smart Farming: A Review", IEEE
advanced agriculture. Sensors Journal, vol.23, no.3, pp.1752-1769, 2023.

FUTURE SCOPE: [7] Gonçalo Santos, Gonçalo Vicente, Telmo Salvado,

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smarter, using machine learning for better decision- Smart : IoT Autonomous Irrigation System", 2022 17th
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Technologies (CISTI), pp.1-6, 2022.
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soil, crops, and pests in real-time, optimizing farming Kishor Pandey, Utkarsh Yadav, "Development of Smart
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