Grade 12

Mathematics

Maths and Science Infinity

CAPS Syllabus
Trigonometry
Trigonometric Functions
Solutions
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Thulani Mjikwa

Senior Facilitator & Strategic Interventionist

Activity 1
No. Solutions Marks
1.1 sin(𝑥 + 60°) = sin(90° − 2𝑥) (5)

𝑥 + 60° = 90° − 2𝑥 + 360°𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ

3𝑥 = 30° + 360°𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ

𝑥 = 10° + 120°𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ

Or

𝑥 + 60° = 180 − (90° − 2𝑥) + 360°𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ

𝑥 = −30° + 360°𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ

∴ 𝑥 ∈ {−30°; 10°; 130°}

1.2 (6)

1.3 240° (1)

1.4 ℎ(𝑥) = cos(2𝑥 − 90°) − 1 (2)

ℎ(𝑥) = sin 2𝑥 − 1

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Activity 2
No. Solutions Marks
2.1 Period = 120° (1)

2.2 (6)

2.3.1 𝑥 ∈ (30°; 90°) (2)

2.3.2 𝑥 ∈ (−90°; −30°) (2)

2.4 1 (2)
−4 ≤ 𝑦 ≤
2

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Activity 3
No. Solutions Marks
3.1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) (7)

1 + sin 𝑥 = 1 − 2sin2 𝑥

2sin2 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 = 0

sin 𝑥 (2 sin 𝑥 + 1) = 0
1
sin 𝑥 = 0 or sin 𝑥 = − 2

𝑥 = 0° or 𝑥 = −30° + 360°𝑘, 𝑘∈ℤ

𝑥 = 180°𝑘 or 𝑥 = 210° + 360°𝑘, 𝑘∈ℤ

𝑥 ∈ {180°; 210°; 330°; 360°}

3.2

(4)
3.3 18°0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 210° (3)

Or

330° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°

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Activity 4
No. Solutions Marks
4.1 (6)

4.2 sin 2𝑥 (8)

2 cos 𝑥 =
cos 2𝑥
2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
2 cos 𝑥 =
1 − 2sin2 𝑥

1 − 2sin2 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 or cos 𝑥 = 0

2sin2 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − 1 = 0 or cos 𝑥 = 0

(2 sin 𝑥 − 1)(sin 𝑥 + 1) = 0 or cos 𝑥 = 0

1
sin 𝑥 = 2 or sin 𝑥 = −1 or cos 𝑥 = 0

𝑥 = −90° or 𝑥 = 90° or 𝑥 = 30°

4.3 0° < 𝑥 < 45° or −90° < 𝑥 < −45° (4)

4.4 Period = 2(360°) = 720° (2)

4.5 𝑥 = −45° + 25° = −20° and 𝑥 = 45° + 25° = 70° (2)

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Activity 5
No. Solutions Marks
5.1 𝑞=1 (2)

𝑝=2

5.2 0≤𝑦≤2 (1)

5.3.1 𝑓(𝑥) = g(𝑥) (2)

5.3.2 𝑥 = 180° or 𝑥 = −180° (1)

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Activity 6
No. Solutions Marks
6.1 𝑥 = 135° (2)

𝑥 = −45°

6.2 𝑓 is shifted by 45° to the left (2)

6.3 g(𝑥) = 3 sin 2𝑥 (2)

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Activity 7
No. Solutions Marks
7.1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 tan 𝑥 (4)

2 = 𝑎 tan 225°

𝑎=2

g(𝑥) = 𝑏 cos 𝑥

−4 = 𝑏 cos 180°

−4 = −𝑏

𝑏=4

7.2 Amplitude = −2 (2)

7.3 180° (2)

Period =
1
(2)

Period = 360°

7.4 2 tan 𝑥 = 4 cos 𝑥 (4)

sin 𝑥
= 2 cos 𝑥
cos 𝑥

sin 𝑥 = 2cos2 𝑥

sin 𝑥 = 2(1 − sin2 𝑥)

2sin2 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − 2 = 0

−1 ± √17
sin 𝑥 =
4

𝑥 = 51,33° or 𝑥 = 128,67°

𝑥𝑄 = 180° − 𝑥𝑃

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Activity 8
No. Solutions Marks
8.1 Period = 360° (1)

8.2 1 (2)
Amplitude =
2

8.3

(3)
8.4 Two solutions (1)

8.5 −60° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 120° or 𝑥 ∈ [−60°; 120°] (2)

8.6 −90° < 𝑥 < 30° or 𝑥 ∈ (−90°; 30°) (3)

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Activity 9
No. Solutions Marks
9.1 Period = 120° (1)
9.2 𝑥 = 30° and 𝑥 = 90° (2)

9.3 𝑦=0 (2)

9.4

(3)
9.5 sin 3𝑥 (2)
− cos 𝑥 = 0
3

sin 3𝑥 − 3 cos 𝑥 = 0

sin 3𝑥 = 3 cos 𝑥

Two solutions for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥).

9.6 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) < 0. (4)

𝑥 ∈ (−90°; 30°) or 𝑥 ∈ (−60°; 0°) or 𝑥 ∈ (120°; 180°)

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Activity 10
No. Solutions Marks
10.1 𝑓(0) − g(0) (1)

1
= − (−2)
2
5
=
2

10.2 𝑓(𝑥) = g(𝑥) (7)

sin(𝑥 + 30°) = −2 cos 𝑥

sin 𝑥 cos 30° + cos 𝑥 sin 30° = −2 cos 𝑥

√3 1
sin 𝑥 ( ) + cos 𝑥 ( ) = −2 cos 𝑥
2 2

√3 5
( ) sin 𝑥 = − cos 𝑥
2 2

5
tan 𝑥 = −
√3

𝑥𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 70,89°

∴ 𝑥 = 109,11° + 180°𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ

∴ 𝑥𝑃 = −70,89° and ∴ 𝑥𝑄 = 109,11°

10.3 −70,89° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 109,11° (2)

10.4 𝑓 is shifted by 60° to the left and enlarged by a factor of 2. (2)

∴ ℎ is the reflection of 𝑔 about the 𝑥 – axis.

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