Travel Agency & Air Ticketing Basic Course

Instructor

Name: ………………………………………………………

Designation: ……………………………………………..

Email: ……………………………………………………....

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Module 03
Topics will be discussed:

▪ Journey Concept
▪ Classes of Service Airlines
▪ Identifying Fare Types
▪ Travel Document (Passport & Visa)
▪ Some common mistakes passengers make
▪ Human Trafficking in Aviation.
▪ Tourism market in Bangladesh.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Module Objectives:
At the end of this module, you will learn:

▪ Understand the different the Journey Concept of air travel for itinerary
planning and ticketing processes
▪ Explore Classes of Service Airlines such as economy and business.
▪ Recognize various fare options and their associated benefits and
restrictions.
▪ Familiar with Travel Documents (Passport & Visa)
▪ Identify and rectifying common errors often made during travel booking
and airport procedures.
▪ Understand the aviation industry's role in combating human trafficking and
recognizing signs of trafficking.
▪ Gain insights into Bangladesh’s current tourism industry

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Journey Concepts
The concept of a journey in travel
refers to the itinerary or route taken
by a traveller from one point to
another, including any stopovers or
connecting flights. Different journey
concepts define specific types of
travel arrangements based on
factors such as direction, number of
destinations, and flexibility.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Journey Concepts
One Way: Example: DAC-CXB, DAC-DXB
Round Trip: Example: DAC-CXB-DAC, DAC-DXB-DAC
Circle Trip: Example: DAC – SIN – KUL – BKK – DAC
Round the World Travel: Example: DAC - IST - RIO - LAX - LHR - SIN - DAC
Open Jaw: Example: DAC – BKK / KUL – DAC

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

SITI – SOTI – SITO - SOTO Tickets
SITI: "Sold "In", Ticketed "In" that country. That is the most common situation.

Example: Bangladeshi Passenger - Buys in DAC - Travels DAC to DXB

SOTI: "Sold "Out", Ticketed "In" that country.

Example: Bangladesh Passenger - Buys in DXB - Travels DAC - DXB

SITO: "Sold "in", Ticketed "out" of that country.

SITI SOTI
Example: Bangladeshi Passenger - Buys in DAC – Travels DXB - LHR

SOTO: "Sold "out", Ticketed "out" of that country.

Examples: Bangladeshi Passenger - Buys in DXB - Travels JED – JFK

*However, their use was eliminated on January 15, 2005.

SITO SOTO

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Classes of Airlines Reservations
Economy Class (Y):

Economy class is the standard class of

service offered by airlines, designed to
accommodate the largest number of
passengers at the most affordable
price. Passengers traveling in economy
class typically have seats arranged in
rows throughout the cabin, with a
standard seat pitch and width. While
the seats may not offer as much
legroom or recline as those in premium
classes, they are still designed to
provide reasonable comfort for shorter
to medium-length flights.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Classes of Airlines Reservations
Business Class (J):

Business class offers a higher level of

comfort and service compared to economy
class, appealing to travellers who value
additional space, privacy, and amenities.
Seats in business class are larger and
more comfortable, often featuring extra
legroom, adjustable headrests, and
enhanced recline options. Depending on
the airline and aircraft, some business
class seats may even convert into fully
lie-flat beds, allowing passengers to rest
and sleep more comfortably on long-haul
flights.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Classes of Airlines Reservations
First Class (F):

First class represents the pinnacle

of luxury and exclusivity in air travel,
offering the highest level of comfort,
service, and amenities to discerning
travellers. Seats in first class are the
epitome of luxury, featuring spacious
and private suites with fully lie-flat
beds, personal entertainment
systems, and ample storage space.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Fare Types:
Normal Fare:

Normal fare, also known as the

full fare or unrestricted fare, is
the standard price for an airline
ticket without any special
conditions or restrictions.

Passengers purchasing normal

fare tickets typically have
flexibility in terms of travel
dates, changes, and refunds,
although specific policies may
vary by airline.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Fare Types:
Excursion Fare:

Excursion fares are discounted fares

offered to passengers who book round-trip
tickets with specific conditions and
restrictions.

These fares usually require passengers to

stay at the destination for a certain
minimum and maximum length of stay, often
resulting in lower prices compared to
normal fares.

Excursion fares are commonly used by

leisure travellers planning vacations or trips
with fixed travel dates and durations.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Fare Types:
APEX Fare (Advance Purchase Excursion
Fare):

APEX fares are discounted fares offered to

passengers who book their tickets in advance,
typically requiring a minimum advance
purchase period.

These fares often come with restrictions such

as minimum stay requirements, advance
purchase deadlines, and limited availability.

APEX fares are popular among

budget-conscious travellers who are willing to
plan their trips well in advance to secure lower
prices.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Fare Types:
PEX Fare (Promotional Excursion Fare):

PEX fares are special discounted fares

offered by airlines as part of promotional
campaigns or sales.

These fares may have specific booking

windows, limited availability, and may be
subject to blackout dates or other
restrictions.

PEX fares are usually deeply discounted

compared to regular fares and are
designed to stimulate demand during
off-peak travel periods or to attract
customers to specific routes.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Fare Types:
Super PEX Fare (Super Promotional
Excursion Fare):

Super PEX fares are like PEX fares but offer

even greater discounts and savings.

These fares are often introduced during

highly competitive periods or in response to
market conditions to attract customers and fill
up empty seats on flights.

Super PEX fares may have more restrictive

conditions compared to regular PEX fares,
such as shorter booking windows or limited
availability on certain flights.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Passport:

“An official document

issued by a government,
certifying the holder's
identity and citizenship
and entitling them to travel
under its protection to and
from foreign countries.”

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Passport:

Passports are generally,

• Machine Readable Passports (MRP)

• Electronic Passports (e-Passports) /

Biometric Passport

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Passport:

MRP (Machine
Readable Passport)

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Passports: Handwritten
Handwritten Manual Passports are ceased by ICAO since November 25, 2015

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Passport:

Types of Passports:
▪ Normal passports
▪ Diplomatic Passports
▪ Official, special or service
passports
▪ United Nations
Laissez-Passer (UNLP)
▪ Temporary Travel Permits

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Passport:

Normal Diplomatic Official

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Passport:

United Nations Laissez – Passer (UNLP)

The UNLP is a valid travel
document, which can be used
like a national passport (in
connection with travel on official
missions only)

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Passport:

Temporary Travel
Documents:

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Types of VISA

Transit Visa Short Stay Visa Long Stay Visa

Immigrant Visa Official Visa

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Transit Visa:
A transit visa may be issued by some countries to
allow some foreign nationals to stay up to next
available connecting flight or maximum 72 hours.

Sometimes transit visa required by some countries

for passing through their airports even without
entering that country.

For example:
The nationals of the following countries need an
airport transit visa when passing through the
international transit area of any Schengen country
airport:
Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Iran, Iraq (More…)

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Short Stay or Visitor Visa:
Tourist, Medical, Business,
Pilgrimage, Athletics, Artists,
Refugee etc.

Issued for a short period and

may or may not be extended
for a shorter period.

Generally, requires proof of

fund for stay and proof of
return arrangements.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

 Long Stay Visa:
Students visa, Worker Visa, Residence
Visa, Asylum Visa, Dependent Visa etc.

Issued for a longer period and may be

extended for a shorter period.

Requires proper documentations from

sponsor.

Worker visa requires states permission

and enlistment.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Immigrant Visa:

Granted for those intending to

settle permanently in the issuing
country (obtain the status of a
permanent resident with a
prospect of possible
naturalization in the future).
Spouse visa, Family member visa
etc.
Requires proper documents from
granted states and proof of
relationship as per the cases.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

 These are granted to officials doing jobs for their governments, or
otherwise representing their countries in the host country, such as the
personnel of diplomatic missions.

Official Visa: Diplomatic visa, Courtesy visa for Government representatives.

Need to be diplomatic or official passport holder.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Features of Visa
▪ Type
▪ Validity Period
▪ Number of Entries
▪ Duration of Stay
▪ Conditions and Restrictions
▪ Visa Fees
▪ Application Process
▪ Visa Exemptions

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

TIMATIC

TIMATIC is an abbreviation for "Travel

Information Manual Automatic" and is a
database maintained by the
International Air Transport Association
(IATA).

It provides comprehensive visa,

passport, health, and customs
information for travellers and airlines.

TIMATIC is widely used by airlines,

travel agents, and airport staff to verify
passengers' travel document
requirements and ensure compliance
with entry regulations for various
countries.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common Mistakes
Passengers Makes

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:

Improper contact
number in the
ticket

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:
Misreading the flight time in ticket

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:
Unaware of baggage weight allowance

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:
Improper baggage size and packing condition

Regular Baggage Irregular Baggage

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:

Carrying
prohibited items

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:

Not carrying all documents

related to travel or Up to
date documents

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:

Late report at check-in

counter or Late report
boarding gate

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:
Not familiar with LCC/Budget Carrier policy

No Free Baggage Allowance No Free Meal

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:

Arguing with Security

Personnel

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:

Carrying taxable items

Carrying undeclared amount of currencies

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:

Carrying medicine without prescription, or

Not carrying “Fit to Fly” certificate if sick or traveling for medical purpose

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:

Travelling at the very last day

of passport or visa expiry or
entry permit

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Common mistakes:

Not carrying minimum

amount of money in
case of emergency

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Human Trafficking

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

What is Human Trafficking?

Trafficking in persons is referred to as modern-day

slavery and a practice like slavery.

It involves the trading of human beings for different forms

of exploitation such as sexual exploitation, forced and
bonded labor, forced marriage as well as for the purpose
of organ removal.

It is estimated that trafficking in persons generates

billions of dollars per year, second only to drug trafficking
as the most profitable form of transnational crime.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Trafficking in Aviation

Aviation is one of the modes of transportation utilized

by traffickers. It is likely that people working the
aviation industry would encounter situations of
human trafficking in many areas for international and
domestic transportations.

So, Human Trafficking Awareness programs are

integral part of all commercial aviation operators.
Many training programs are also available for all the
stakeholders of aviation industry.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

The Law in Bangladesh

The Prevention and Suppression of “Human

Trafficking Act, 2012” says in its section 6(2), “Human
trafficking is prohibited in Bangladesh and if anyone
commits the crime of trafficking shall be punished with
an imprisonment not exceeding imprisonment for life
but not less than 5 years of rigorous imprisonment
and with fine not less than taka fifty thousand.”

Again section 371 of the Penal Code, 1860 says,

“Whoever habitually imports, exports, removes, buys,
sells, traffics or deals in slaves, shall be punished with
[imprisonment] for life, or with imprisonment of
either description for a term not exceeding ten
years, and shall also be liable to fine.”

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Tourism Market in
Bangladesh

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Tourism Market in Bangladesh
Inbound Tourism:

▪ Bangladesh's Travel & Tourism market is expected to grow at an annual

growth rate (CAGR 2024-2028) of 4.80%, resulting in a projected market
volume of US$2,634.00m by 2028, with revenue projected to reach
US$2,184.00m in the same year.
▪ The market's largest segment is the Hotels market with a projected market
volume of US$1,169.00m in 2024.
▪ The average revenue per user (ARPU) is expected to amount to US$124.30.
▪ By 2028, 60% of the total revenue in the Travel & Tourism market in
Bangladesh will be generated through online sales.
▪ Bangladesh's Travel & Tourism industry is growing due to government
initiatives promoting eco-tourism and cultural heritage sites.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Tourism Market in Bangladesh
Outbound Tourism:

▪ Domestic and international air passenger movement through airports in Bangladesh shot up by 32 percent
in fiscal year (FY) 2022-23, bolstered by increased domestic travel and rising outflow of migrant workers.
▪ Airports in Bangladesh, including the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport in the capital, handled 1.53
crore domestic and international travellers in FY2022-23 compared to 1.15 crore in the previous
FY2021-22
▪ The latest air travel figures are the highest in the last three years since airlines started operating flights
following the lifting of Covid-19-induced restrictions by domestic and foreign authorities.
▪ A record 11.37 lakh people from Bangladesh went abroad for jobs in FY2022-23, a 16 percent increase
compared to the previous year.
▪ Employment traffic to the Far East, Europe and the Middle East has increased a lot.
▪ Increase of Umrah pilgrims after the easing of the visa process.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Group Exercise

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Teams

A B

C D
Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024
Knowledge
Check

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Q1.
…………………………………………….
A.

B.

C.

D.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Q2.
…………………………………………….
A.

B.

C.

D.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Q3.
…………………………………………….
A.

B.

C.

D.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Q4.
…………………………………………….
A.

B.

C.

D.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024

Q5.
…………………………………………….
A.

B.

C.

D.

Prepared for HB Aviation & Tourism Institute | Issue 01 | April 2024