Chapter 4: The Gaseous State 2024

MCQ Answers

1 D 10 A
2 D 11 C
3 A 12 C
4 B 13 D
5 A 14 A
6 B 15 A
7 A 16 A
8 C 17 C
9 B 18 B

MCQs

m
1. pV = nRT = RT
Mr

m  R  T 0.16  8.31 (100 + 273)

Mr = =
p V (101325)(46  10 −6 )

Mr = 106.4 (1 d.p)
(D)

pV (105 )(22.7 10−3 )

2. Under the given conditions, R = =
nT (1 273)

d  R  T 8  (300 + 273) 105  22.7 10−3 573  4  22.7 100

p= =  =
Mr 2.0 1 273 273
(D)

3. HCl is polar and possess pd-d. All the others are non-polar and possess id-id. pd-d is stronger
than id-id and ideal gases are supposed to have negligible intermolecular forces of attraction.
Hence HCl deviates most from ideality.
(A)

4. Option 1 is correct. pV = nRT. If we plot p against T for constant V, we will get a straight line
passing through the origin.

Option 2 is wrong. p is inversely proportional to V. So, we get a curve slopping down.

Option 3 is correct. This is Charles’s Law. V is proportional to T. So, we get a straight line passing
through the origin.

Option 4 is wrong. If we plot pV against either p or V, we should get a horizontal line.

(B)

1
5. Neon is the only gas in this system

p1 = 1 × 105, V1 = V, T1 = 20 + 273

p2 = ?, V1 = 4V, T1 = 100 + 273

(1105 )(V ) ( p2 )(4V )

=
(20 + 273) (100 + 273)

p2 = 3.18 × 104 Pa
(A)

6. Using pTVT = p1V1 + p2V2

pT(15) = (10)(50) + (30)(100)

pT = 233 kPa

p1 p2
=
T1 T2

233 350
=
300 T2

T2 = 451 K
(B)

7.
2CH3OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 +4H2O
Vi x 4x 0 0
Vc −x −1.5x +x +2x
VF 0 2.5x x 2x

Option 1 is correct based on the given balanced equation.

x
Option 2 is correct: Partial pressure of CO2 = ( )  P = 0.18 P
2.5 x + x + 2 x

Option 3 is correct. Assuming these gases behave ideally, the gas particles occupy a negligible
volume as compared to the volume of the vessel containing these gases.
(A)

V1 V2
8. =
T1 T2

1 2
= T2 = 586 K (or 313 oC)
20 + 273 T2
(C)

2
9. pV = nRT

If n, R and T is fixed, nRT = constant. Hence, pV = constant.

If we plot a graph of pV against either p or V, we will get a straight line with a value of nRT

m
nRT = RT
Mr

Mr of N2 = 28.0, CH4 = 16.0, Cl2 = 71.0 and Ne = 20.2. Hence the value of nRT for Ne should be
the second highest since the value of nRT is inversely proportional to Mr.
(B)

m
10. pV = nRT = RT
Mr

m  R T T
Mr = . Hence Mr 
p V p

T
Gas E. Mr 
p

T
Gas F. Mr  ½ ( )
p

T
Gas G. Mr  2( )
p
(A)

11. CH3OH (Mr = 32.0) SiH4 (Mr = 32.0) HBr (Mr = 81.0) H2Se (Mr = 82.0)

The Mr of both HBr and H2Se are a lot bigger than the first 2 compounds. Hence their IMF would
be stronger and thus they will deviate more from ideality.

CH3OH and SiH4 has the same Mr.

CH3OH has intermolecular hydrogen bonds resent between its molecules while SiH4 only has
id-id as it is non-polar. Tus, CH3OH will deviate more from ideality than SiH4.
(C)

3
12. 2 g of H2 = 1 mole. 1 mole of H2 at temperature T, volume V exerts a pressure p.

1
Option A is wrong. 1 g of H2 is 0.5 moles.1 g of tritium is moles. So total is not 1 mole of gas.
6

1
Option B is wrong. 3 g of H2 is 1.5 moles.1 g of tritium is moles. So total is not 1 mole of gas.
6

Option C is correct. 1 g of H2 is 0.5 moles.3 g of tritium is 0.5 moles. So total is 1 mole of gas and
the volume if V. Hence the pressure mist be p.

1
Option D is wrong. 3 g of H2 is 1.5 moles.1 g of tritium is moles. So total is not 1 mole of gas.
6
(C)

13. When pressure increases, volume decreases. The molecules are now closer to each other.
Hence, they start forming intermolecular forces of attraction between them and liquefied.
(D)

14. p1V1 = p2V1 + p2V2

(3.5)(3 + V) = (2)(V) + (3)(4)

V = 1.0 dm3
(A)

m
15. Density =
V
m
If you plot pV against density (which is ), you will get a horizontal line. This is because if
V
density changes (which is actually the V changing since mass is constant), pressure will change
as well so that pV is always a constant.
(A)

m
16. pV = nRT = RT
Mr

m, R and T are constant, hence p depends inversely on Mr.

Mr CH4 = 16.0 HCHO = 30.0 CH3Cl = 50.5 HCO2H = 46.0

The bigger the Mr, the smaller the p.

(A)

4
 nRT 1
17. A is wrong. Using pV = nRT, V = . Hence when we plot V against , we should get a
P P
straight line passing through the origin.

B is wrong. Using pV = nRT, n, R and T are constant. Hence, pV = constant. Therefore, when we
plot pV against either P or V, we will get a horizontal straight line.

pV
C is correct. Using pV = nRT, n and R are constant. Hence, = constant. Therefore, when we
T
pV
plot against either P,V or T we will get a horizontal straight line.
T

D is wrong. Using pV = nRT, V is proportional to T. This is just Charle’s law. As the temperature is
in oC, we should get a straight line cutting through the y-axis and not the origin.
(C)

18. PTVT = p1V1 + p2V2 + p3V3

(0.68)(VT) = (0.7)(1) + (0.5)(2.5) + (1)(1.5)

VT = 5.074 dm3

Hence V= 5.074 − 1 −2.5 − 1.5 = 0.0735 = 0.074 dm3

(B)

Structured Questions:

1(ai) The intermolecular forces between the gas particles are negligible. Nitrox shows greater deviation
as nitrogen has a larger electron cloud size than helium, so its id-id are more significant.

OR

The particle size is negligible as compared to the size/volume of the container.

Nitrox shows greater deviation as nitrogen molecule is larger than helium atom, so its volume is
more significant.

(ii) pV = nRT

m
pV = ( ) RT
Mr

m  R  T d  R  T (435)(8.31)(273)
Mr = = =
p V p 105

= 9.87

The breathing gas is Heliox.

5
(bi) Pessure at 15 m = 2.5 atm

Amount of air remains constant.

p1V1 = p2V2, where p2 is 1 atm

(2.5)(6) = (1)(V2)

V2 = 15 dm3

(ii) The volume of air in the lungs increases greatly when he surfaces (from 6 to 15 dm3), hence he
must exhale or the pressure increase results in lung damage).

% of O2
(iii) Partial pressure of oxygen =  PT
Total %

PO2  Total % 100

Total pressure = = ( ) 1.3 = 4.0625 atm
% of O2 32

Maximum depth = (4.0625 – 1) × 10 = 30.6 m

(iv) Temperature remains constant or These gases behave as ideal gases.

2(a) Nitroglcerine : Gaseous products

4 : 29
4
: 1
29

(101325)( 83 × 10−3 ) = n (8.31) (773)

n= 1.309
4
n nitroglycerine = (1.305) = 0.1801 mol
29

Mass of nitroglycerine = (0.1801) (227) = 41.0g

(b) A high volume of gaseous products formed, resulting in high pressure leading to an explosion or
high pressure exerted by gaseous products.

(c) N2(g) has the smallest electron cloud / molecule. Hence, volume of molecule and induced dipoles
attraction are negligible.

5.82  10 4
(d) pV = = 519.6 kPa
112

= 520 kPa
6
3(a) Mass of air = 100 × 0.00118 = 0.118 g

Mass of flask = 47.930 – 0.118 = 47.812 g

Mass of Y= 47.989 – 47.812 = 0.177 g

pV = nRT

m
pV = RT
Mr

0.177  8.31 299

Mr =
1105 100 10−6

= 44.0 (1 d.p)

y y
(b) CxHy(g) + (x + )O2(g) → xCO2(g) + H2O(g)
4 2
y
10 10 + 5y 30 ( )10
2

Since there is an expansion of volume of 10 cm3; hence

Final volume − Initial volume = 10 cm3

(Volume of CO2 + Volume of excess O2 + Volume of H2O) − (Volume of C4Hy + Volume of initial
O2) = 10 cm3

y
[30 + Volume of excess O2 + (10)] − [10 + Volume of initial O2] = 10
2

30 − 10 + 5y = 10 + Volume of initial O2 − Volume of excess O2

10 + 5y = Volume of O2 used.

V1 n1 30 x
Using =  = . Hence, x = 3
V2 n2 10 1
y
x+
V1 n1 10 + 5 y 4
Using =  =
V2 n2 10 1

y=8

Hence, the molecular formula of Z is C3H8

7
4(a) Mass of oxygen that escaped from 1 dm3 sample = 8.24 − 6.93 = 1.31 mg

1.31 10 −3
No. of moles of O2 escaped = = 4.09 × 10−5 moles
32.0

(b) From (a), no. of moles of O2 escaped = 4.09 × 10−5 moles

Partial pressure due to escaped O2 gas, pV = nRT

nRT (4.09 10−5 )(8.31)(273 + 35)

p= =
V (110−3 )

= 0.1046 kPa

Total pressure = 103.4 + 0.1046 = 103.5 kPa

(c) Some oxygen gas is dissolved back into the water. This causes the actual value for the pressure
recorded in vessel Y to be slightly lower than the calculated value.

8
5(a) Partial mixture of B in the mixture = ( )  50 = 30.77 kPa
8+5

Using Dalton’s Law of partial pressure,

Partial pressure of A in glass bulb = PT – PB = 44.2 – 30.77 = 13.43 kPa

3.27
Using pV = nRT = (13.43 1000)(13 10−3 ) = ( )(8.31)(373)
Mr

Mr = 58.1 g mol–1

Mr of A = 58.1 = n (3 × 12 + 6 × 1 + 1 × 16)

n=1

Hence, molecular formula of A is C3H6O.

(bi) High temperature and low pressure.

(ii) Pentanone has a larger electron cloud (48 electrons) compared to propanone (32 electrons).

A larger electron cloud is more easily polarized hence the intermolecular instantaneous
dipole-induced dipole interactions/ van der Waals’ interactions found in pentanone is stronger.

Hence pentanone will deviate more from ideal behaviour in the gaseous state due to the stronger
inter-molecular forces.

8
6(ai) Assuming ideal gas behaviour pV = nRT

0.184 3.700
(pV) of H2 = ( ) R(17 + 273) (pV) of X = ( ) R(25 + 273)
2.0 Mr

Since H2 and gas X occupy the same volume at the same pressure,

(pV) of H2 = (pV) of X

0.184 3.700
( ) R(17 + 273) = ( ) R(25 + 273)
2.0 Mr

Hence Mr of X = 41.3 (1 d.p)

(ii) C3H8 (gas X) is not an ideal gas.

Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions are present between C3H8 molecules.

(bi) N2(g) + 2O2(g) → 2NO2(g)

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

(ii) Applying Avogadro’s law, V  n

Volume of CO2 formed = 10 × 3

= 30 cm3

24.40
(iii) Amount of H2SO4 used =  0.35 = 8.54 × 10−3 moles
1000

2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Amount of NaOH reacted with H2SO4 = 2 × 8.54 × 10−3

= 1.708 × 10−2 moles

Amount of NaOH reacted with gaseous products

50
= [(  0.50 ] – (1.708 × 10−2) = 7.92 × 10−3 moles
1000

9
(iv) CO2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2CO3(aq) + H2O(l)

At room temperature and pressure,

30
Amount of NaOH that reacted with CO2 =  2 = 2.50 × 10−3 moles
24000

Amount of NaOH that reacted with NO2 = (7.92 × 10−3) – (2.50 × 10−3)

= 5.42 × 10−3 moles

2NO2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → NaNO2(aq) + NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l)

Mole ratio, NO2 : NaOH = 1 : 1

2y
Amount of NO2 = = 5.42 × 10−3 moles
24000

y = 65.04 cm3 = 65.0 cm3

7(a)
pressure, p / kPa volume, V / dm3 pressure × volume, pV / kPa dm3
500 4.62 2310
1000 2.25 2250
1500 1.46 2190
2000 1.07 2140

2250 + 2190
Estimated pV = = 2220
2

2220
V= = 1.78
1250

nRT (1)(8.31)(12 + 273)

(b) V= =
p (1250  1000)

V = 0.00189 m3

(c) There are significant dispersion forces between CO2 molecules. So, the gas molecules are
attracted closer together.

Hence, the actual gas volume is smalller than that predicted by the ideal gas equation.

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