Convectim Heat Traatev:

heat
whicw
'Convectim Is the chanismh
me
omd
omd
trasten Hakes plaee bet" ov curtaee
diffevent
moving fluid when they ane at
tem peratues u k movemend
bulk movemend
n due to the
the Com vecttm the
Sine
dfferend pars of
omd mxing mo tam oftransjew gvene d by the
het
Hud,
Comvectem
n b i n attm
C o mbtn
Com
attm wit
wlt
mechamiCe
luid
of
CAw tranu Fv
heat
laws of larqe
numhe
mumEN

motam n dlue to the

fluid
The
The au *qa
meleces movin2 collectvel
move Ment In the
preience
preseme
Suew
instant Cmvectom heat
at any enels fo ConvectEm

qraoient
tempevatmve
of
due to t h e
transtw s then
transfev

The total
heat
tran port bt hthe
e
ok Meva the
Supe
posettm moleue om hy
motm o the
random
the fluded
moBam ot
buk suface
ovev heated
Flui Hw
--
-VBL
THL Svs
- TBL

T T)
Ts

T To) Ts
W =Uto) 0, =

No kon peram Jump

ND-slip Cmditm
because of the no slip Comelitum
=0 at y =0
Becaue of no fempevatne jump
Cmodam aty=0 T Ts
s the veqom în whic
Veloc1 bmnday laye
+We luid mnd
the efect of
the plae ts felt b Ln side
0 to U .
n w h c h vel&u ty
vames m etheet
layev he vîscms
the veloct bmn day
COM never be negleched
whdeh
layev S the reqim in
Ther mal bounda felt b
emeamve s
he ettect of the plate
8 In whtch T vavies
fw T T
the flud
Conelitim, the laye ofF
Be Cause o the no slip
the hot plae s s4attmaw
flud adjacent to
the heat tra nsfev
the p late ane
reahve to bz
C T T ) nd
the flui
bet hot plak layew
comductm thgh the stautama

-0
thermal cenductv1h of fluie
k In novmal t wall at
wal
amve radient
1=temper

-the wall

Ts
 încveaNe fhee
4he
mtted
The eewqy thue qsane enied
eb the fluid pavtecleomd
inkna nengy
the motm of the flued C Advecttm)
Wa by the
qradient, >T|
Meav
emewanve
Th the
the
Surtale depemds upm the buk mofm o
as the hest
adsiede the sttama layew,
tlur ènto the
fmwm thh laye
s Swept away
Cmoluctrol
eventuadly do the free stream
bmndam laye
omo
s the
Newtons lawof Coolin9 CI701)
surjace
the heat flux m Solid
a e qes
to fluid by equam

( hCT-T ) it t
n
semple
Thah e ols Vey
fact had
ha
cmplicted dueo the
faet veM melers Sul
seveal pava
depemds on of he
Mamve 0
flutd
fluid
Mamve
aSurface qeo mety, transport
t h e v m o l y n a m i c &

moBm,
med ts h e suhjent
et. Tn fact
perties of fluid hs
s the
po heattrans
heattY Analev
Bev
cmvectim
ot
matev

evalutam of h
e ft h
mtact delèning e
2 Equatm Ys
T
h =.
A CT-Tu Ts-Tba
a e o heat trnu fev e u aneev pev
Pev
unit tem pemame etferente

u n l i k e thevma
heat
Cnnducttvi ,(omvect4ve het
Of
of
trant fev Coeiticient s not tranprt pvopety
the materia
Protile Tewnp.
Proie

BLR
Frted

TE

Htotsolie\,T Tw
Noslip wa
1y=o,
Sketth cllustratt ng hoo èncneasBng
forced-
Convectam velocity thènu hotw veloc1ty med thevmal
amoinm cvenues h e r
wall slope
omncaM
shown
laye
fr lw Ci) , medium (2),md high
Pofeles
Co) velociy
of the tlw Covectcm
By e on the natune

o he clausi tie o

Free ComvectiwM: Fluid flw inedute

fo the deuch
prtìmal
b o dy c e p
ethevw temp evave
dhtterente axiseng javM
1raolient or CmtentratimM 1nadien
 Forced Convectam- Fluid flmw s indued
hy extkvna mennt Such au tan e pump.

Cmvectam with phaae change: Latent het

tsansfew Bat n Condenuatt
Ex-Heat danafov fomm humom bocl
In stil air wth no an namra cmvect
Canvectm
Tn wm with a n om-> Fre
atmospher > 2vapuratw
Tn v
dd
Conelemsattm
huu d atmosphee
T v

heattrander
Typical values of Convecun
Co e4Teient

ProceAs w/-
Free comvectim
2 - 25
qaAes
Liquids
2) Fmted Comvectm
25 2s0

Liquds

3 Comvectam wltw phue chanqe

250 onvd
Borleng/Conderuaitm
mP. JT 30o
Vo5m/sec
-TBL

Ta
306 T

- Tsoti (%,1,3,4)
TTfiui4 (7, 1,7t
At ènstravd ot time

-K,TK,2T=h(T,-Tu)
SO -k Ta
Ts-T T-T
Move ove T T(,3,t)
T T (0, ,z,t)
Radiam heat tr anuter
hey mc radicutim is Hhe en evqy emtted b
matte hut is cut ov finto tom pevate (1t lies
n he wave lengih anqe of 0* to | )

hene electm muqnett

The mechan is M
electon
trans prtattm due t Change in
Wave
Vmojerule
the Conutttuent atom
r
Comdcquvahm of
Cmvectan w
w hac
hich
heat Cmeu cttm8
un i e utF
o makral Medîum dw
equire
trawte Yadiatim doe n't require
M ewq y
matenad medîum n fact, raoli atim
any
M t efitientl In vatuuM
+ram fev eeturi

is the met èmprtat hut the

Radiatam
east unoer stwd Mechamls of heat +manster,
Caa Nanre of macliatm)

Thermody namiu sho hat on jdeal herma

Yadiatr (Blaek bod) well emut emerY

otelinytu Stefan- Bolt 2manns law

sihe
the
tapeus blatkt eye
e flecfivi Xeo
san-Boltzman1
, Const

Vemilted A T' T Absolute Jemp

Em seve P w e
a I 8 ) fr he lalunvvd
BolHmnnn I-1) pave
The heat emille by eul curlaee I
henm hot ot v blatk bod

ray rfaee A T

emissvil

E depends shmgla m 4he turface material

md ffn+sh.
The a l e at which he net maclialenM 1
incident m ov unt ane ofh e turiace
Called iyadiattm
The ate at whec
tm
E
Incioent »radli ca

încneAe
ahtor hed to
the Inten eM e qd t Ts
o the materia elepenos
ronodictv
Surfue
pm o
p e r t - absmptivit,

ass
1 <1 ovmo the surjare t Opaque (T=o)

them o porob the crra diattM s retlected bao

14 d om the surface Sem -

porttm o the
Yns >o), them
pnent
be a mutttd
Cradiajtm may also
hRetlectced racdiahm.

Ineident temethedradid tem

Yadiattm

G Absorbe
Yadiadm
raod1attm
J trans mute

9tat= I
to note that mly the alior bee
Imprtat
nereauea omo e duce
ome em1tted part
eneg1 ot mater
the tnttrnad
Despectvel
mct teof yodicutm heve no
ren
eflectd om
0t Meuthev.
Meuttev.
eftec m the hevmal emeqy
Kaleeian orevwwbroucteot

rraoliadu
o depemes pm the nhve of
ay wel ag om the suYtute tse
 A, T
A,T

9 FE(T-T).

heatexchunge bet" twwo

raodicutemM
The net
T

T owd T
owmo T2
*mpevahes
ol1tferent
Surfaees at
whene
veM b above e
F m a e i v i h tuncfimM (f(E1,E,))|
&ects
F=eometit view factv
Stul
uncttM
dent fam each
not be indepem
Fomd Fmay
other
m vie factw uue
A deeneltng
A Cnn he A A ,
Radiatinm in an enclosue: A sèmple raeiatan
durtue at
plem M Whem h e a t tranulev

tempeNaMe T s complelely
enc
bse o
T n et
Curfae e mantauineo ot
Muc ge
Yonodtm 2xchanqe gvem b

2 ,A-CT-T')
T
G

Ex Racliatam exchnnge bed" m oeet me

Linearized Radi ative heat transk

Coelicient
A, F,(T-T,)
=
nei
2
T2 A e Close we can appmxi-
when Tmd
mate thE e uing ov Tacdîuttm hecut

Tanstew Coefticient hrad. pecificll

clhdferene
Suppose that th e jempevame
s Smal Compareo to the
AT T - T
Menn empev anwe T=T+T2
Then we (nn make the follwing
xpnns m omo proximatanm

Snet A, F (TT")
= A, Fi-CT-T)CTt7)
2
CT-T)
=
AA, F- (T+T)CT+T)
AT
2T
- 2 T t(A
2
AT
At T F-1)
thout
the laut sep
cusume
whee
-2
AT K 2Tm
2

OAT <<4
CTm

Thuu, we have olentfed the radiattam

h e a t tronutev Coetttcient

netA, hrad AT
S(AT<1
hvnd 4T F.
F h e sheciauu caue -Small objectoin a
lanqe e n vjm ment (2) 4he transtty fact
Mue hw
So 3
gevem y Fi E, hred 40
14 the Smcl ob ect s blaek Hs emisstvE
m.el hyad h maximi2.ed or ov blaek obiecd

Yadiang Meav M JcmpevaMne Cay Ty 3k

hraol 4 (567 10 *) 3e 6W/

the same size

Thes value s of appo xi maBely
a h fur natmvce Comvectm into
a qu at suew

mpevamnes Thus, the heat transtv bt 1

inta
thermauracdiatam omd n a r o Convectdm
mut be
ue ve ciilav, Both the ettech
takem îno aLCmnt
tranfer thwgh a buldn
Ex Multi moode hea
T0
L
L

rad
Te(T-Ti)h|
end
nd T-Tx) c,i
cv
cm, ToTa)hh,o he
A+ = L
t lCm,L lemdL tba(Ep)
rad,
A+
= trad, o + Comc
Cmd, o