Transformasi

Digital
Pemeriksaan
Urinalysis
Dr. Miswar Fattah, MSi
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"Medical Laboratory E

Scientists are the life force We NEED Medtech

Sm ar t A SE A N
of healthcare's future." Professional to face future
healthcare
 Analogy of Multi-Layer Google Maps and Patient Information goes to Precision
Medicine

https://newsroom.fmcna.com/whitepapers/personalized-nephrology
Final Product: Urine
Healthy Urine
• 0.4-2 L/day
• Clear, amber colored
• pH 5.0-6.0
• Osmolality: 50-1400 mOsms/kg
• Protein: 50-80 mg/day
• Albumin: : <30 mg/day
• Glucose: <0.5 g/day
Urinalysis
Ulrich Pinder’s 1506 urine chart
Urinalysis in the 15th century

Ulrich Pinder’s medical text, Epiphanie medicorum, printed in 1506 in Nuremberg,

History of Reagent Strips

glucose protein ketone

(1959),
(1956), (1957), (1957), pH

occult blood bilirubin urobilinogen

nitrite (1972),
(1961), (1969), (1969),

specific Multistix
WBCs (1984)
gravity (1981) (1984)
Types of Analysis
−Macroscopic Examination
−Chemical Analysis (Urine Dipstick)
−Microscopic Examination
−Culture (not covered in this lecture)
−Cytological Examination (not covered in this lecture)
Parameters in Urine analysis

Specific
pH Protein Protein Low Glucose
Gravity

Leukocyte
Ketone Nitrite Blood Creatinine
Esterase

Sediment
Microalbumin Urobilinogen Bilirubin Calcium
Urine
Summary of the Components
& Potential clinical
significance of routine
urinalysis
Why Automated Methods?

Efficiency of manual
versus automated
Reduced ability to staff
methods to Cost
clinical labs
accommodate increased
volumes of testing

More consistent
More accurate and
measurement/
precise quantitation of
semiquantitation of
formed elements
chemical results
Automation
Automation
 Key Players Urinalysis
Siemens Abbott Dickinson and
Roche Diagnostics Beckman Coulter Becton
Healthineers Laboratories Company

Bio-Rad Sysmex Acon Laboratories URIT Medical

ARKRAY Inc. Nova Biomedical
Laboratories Corporation Inc. Electronic Co. Ltd.

Germaine TaiDoc Technology OraSure

77 Elektronika Kft. Trinity Biotech BTNX Inc.
Laboratories Inc. Corporation Technologies Inc.

Guangzhou Shanghai Huichen

Medical
Improve Medical Medical Randox Inverness Medical
Automation CTK Biotech
Instruments Co. Instruments Co. Laboratories Innovations
Systems Inc.
Ltd. Ltd.
Testing methodology: specific
gravity/color/clarity

test strip/test strip/visual

Refractometry
read

refractometer/wavelength
of absorbance within an Reflectance photometry
analyzer well/turbidity with colour CMOS sensor
within an analyzer well
Automated Microscopic

Flow • Stains unconcentrated sample

• Interrogated with laser beam

Cytometry • Light scatter, fluorescence, impedance measured

• •User-defined flags

Digital • Stains unconcentrated sample

• Passes urine in front of microscope objective to photograph
elements
Imaging • Proprietary software used to categorize into user-definable
groups
Digital Flow Morphology
Urine Microscopy Analyzer
Urine FLOWCYTOMETRY Analyzer
Urine FLOWCYTOMETRY Analyzer
 Flowcytometer urine particle analyzer
technical set-up

Signal waveforms obtained from light scattering, fluorescence signals and

impedance.
Quantitative reading of urinary test strips using reflectometry, complementary metal
oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has enhanced analytical sensitivity
 Complementary metal oxide semiconductor
(CMOS) technology

Differentiation Correction of
Identify strip pad Optimizing
hemoglobin from abnormal
position detection area
red blood cell colorization

abnormal color development

of urine test pads is whether
the abnormality is due to a
drug, etc. present in the urine
sample, degradation of the
test strip, or an insufficient
amount of sample applied.
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor
(CMOS) technology
CMOS allow quantitative analysis
of albuminuria and the
determination of the
albumin:creatinine ratio.
very sensitive readings can also
be obtained for leukocyte
esterase and peroxidase activity
Avoid false negative reaction by vitamin C
(ascorbic acid)
Standardization sediment urine

Disposable
Neubauer
chamber
Change format & layout
Current Update on
Urinalysis Digital
Technology
The dipstick test and biosensor
 TweetPee from Pixie Scientific
(a smart Diaper)
• But unlike a Twitter-enabled diaper, which provides information that anyone with a nose could figure out on their own, a new diaper from Pixie
Scientific could actually warn parents of health issues before they become serious.
• The Smart Diaper uses several reactive agents and an app to monitor irregularities in an infant's urine over time and alerts parents if they need to visit a
doctor
Urine Test Go Home
Urine test Go Home
 The Olive KG toilet-
mounted

Device combines cutting edge optics with IoT

technology, AI, and data analysis to deliver
the world’s first truly passive, non-invasive
urine diagnostic system

https://www.olive.earth/
The Olive KG toilet-mounted
Vivoo
Urine for Preventive Medicine
U scan Urine
analysis toilet
U Scan
 the Cym Boat
personal urine
testing
uCHECK
UTS-10 Cap single-use testing caps contain the essential
reagent pads for 10 test parameters: Leukocytes, Nitrite,
Urobilinogen, Protein, pH, Blood, Specific Gravity, Ketone,
Bilirubin and Glucose.
UTS-10 Cap single-use testing caps contain the essential
reagent pads for 10 test parameters: Leukocytes, Nitrite,
Urobilinogen, Protein, pH, Blood, Specific Gravity, Ketone,
Bilirubin and Glucose.
Future urinalysis
Standardization and Interoperability in Healthcare.
LOINC CODE
THANK YOU