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summary of study

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17 views

Summary

summary of study

Uploaded by

akshay21111985
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUMMARY

Plenty of literatures are available regarding the HIV infection in adult

population, but very limited studies are available regarding pediatric HIV. So this

study was undertaken to know the clinical profile of HIV in children.

A prospective study of 108 cases of HIV positive pediatric patients was

carried out in department of pediatrics from January 2011 to June 2012.

In the study of clinical profile of HIV in children, it was found that majority of

children belongs to the advanced clinical disease and an advanced immunodeficient

state. More than 50 % children were malnourished. The clinical manifestations were

diverse ranging from asymptomatic to clinical stage 4 disease symptoms.

1. Prevalence of HIV infection was 0.38% during study period.

2. Prevalence of OI’s in HIV infected children was 83.33%.

3. Majority of the children 33 (30.55%) were in the age group of 5 – 10

years.

4. Out of 108 patients of HIV, one patient of type II HIV infection was

seen in this study.

5. Vertical transmission was seen in 98.15% and infection via blood

transfusion in 1.85%.

6. 56.48% patients were from a rural area and 43.51% from urban area.

7. Male to female ratio was 1.76:1.

8. 88.88% cases presented below 5 years, in perinatal transmission

groups.

9. 38.89 % cases presented below 18 months of age.


10. Mean age of presentation was 5.5 years. Median age of presentation

was 4.8 years and Mode is 3 years.

11. On first presentation fever was seen in 58.33% children followed by

cough in 45.37%, not gaining weight in 41.66%, diarrhea in 39.81%,

skin rash in 23.15%, ear discharge in 19.44%, oral ulcers in 13.88%,

and parotid swelling in 8.33% children.

12. On examination severe malnutrition (PEM Gr III & IV) was the most

common finding (55.55%), followed by pallor (53.70%), respiratory

signs (47.22%), lymphadenopathy (45.37%), fever (34.26%), skin

manifestations (33.33%), hepatosplenomegaly (30.55%), signs of

vitamin deficiencies (29.63%), hepatomegaly (24.07%), CSOM

(22.22%), oral thrush (19.44%), dental caries (17.59%), splenomegaly

(8.33%), parotitis (8.33%), clubbing (6.48%) and CNS manifestation

(5.55%).

13. 70.37% cases were in stage III and stage IV according to WHO clinical

staging for HIV.

14. Generalised lymphadenopathy was seen in 51.02%, followed by

cervical in 22.44%.

15. Vitamin B deficiency was the commonest vitamin deficiency in 62.50%

followed by Vitamin A, C and D respectively.

16. Among all 108 cases 75 cases had regular follow up and 33 cases did

not come follow up. Most of the cases came for follow due to OI’s.

17. In this study, 108 cases visited 250 times in the hospital. Out of these

90 cases had 212 episodes of OI’s and 18 cases had no evidence of

OI’s .Thus prevalence of OI was 83.33%.


18. 67.59% of the patients who developed OI’s were in stage III and stage

IV of WHO clinical staging for HIV.

19. Tuberculosis was the most common OI with prevalence of 42.39%.

20. Recurrent diarrhoea as OI was seen in 35.18% cases.

Cryptosporidium was the most common single etiological agent for

diarrhoea.

21. Recurrent pneumonia accounted as third common OI in this study with

prevalence of 28.70%.

22. LIP was diagnosed clinically in 4 cases with a prevalence of 3.70%

cases.

23. PCP had prevalence of 3.70% (4 cases) in present study.

24. Oral candidiasis was seen in 26 cases with prevalence of 24.07%.

25. Otitis media had prevalence of 12.96%.

26. Recurrent bacterial infections / sepsis accounted for 7.40%, the

commonest organism was salmonella.

27. Herpes zoster had prevalence of 5.55%

28. CMV Chorioretinitis was seen in 2 cases (1.85%).

29. OI’s in skin were scabies (14.81%), fungal infections (5.55%), wart

(3.70%), recurrent pyoderma (1.85%) and molluscum contagiosum

(1.85%).

30. HIV encephalopathy was seen in 2.77% cases.

31. There were 5 deaths during study period with a mortality rate of 4.62%.

All of them were in stage III and IV of WHO clinical staging.


32. PCP pneumonia was the cause of death in 2 patients (40%) and cause

of death as sepsis was found in 2 patients (40%). All death were in

infancy period and only one death at age of 3 years by AIDS.

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