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Types of Automobile Layout: Search … 

PUBLISHED ON February 4, 2016

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The vehicle is based upon type of drive used.
Steering System
They are front engine rear wheel drive, Rear engine rear wheel drive, , front engine front
Geometry:Camber,Castor,Toe-in,Toe-out
wheel drive and four wheel drive, which are discussed below ,
Types of Automobile Layout:
1. Front Engine Rear Wheel Drive :
Rear wheel drive places the engine in the front of the vehicle and the driven wheels are ABS Types

located at the rear, a con guration known as front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout. Antilock Braking System(A.B.S.)
In this layout a front mounted engine-clutch-gear box unit drives a beam type rear axle
supported on leaf springs through a propeller shaft with two universal joints.
With the help of coil springs, the front Wheels are independently sprung.
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This layout is one of the oldest layout which remains unchanged for many years.
Some of the advantages provided by this system are :
Categories
(a) Even weight distribution: Balanced weight distribution between the front and the rear
wheels providing good handling characteristics. Automobiles Explained
(b) For easy front wheel steering movement enàne occupies the reduced width between the
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wheel arches.
(c) Large luggage space is provided behind the rear seat.
(d) Maintenance and accessibilitv of engine, gear box is easy and the control over the
Meta
accelerator, clutch, choke simple.
(e) Radiator cooling is natural (by air) so decreases the power required for cooling. Register

(f) Better braking e ciency : The more even weight distribution helps prevent lockup Log in
from wheels becoming unloaded under heaDisadvantages
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Disadvantages :
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1. Reduces back seats leg room space,
2. A tunnel is needed for the propeller shaft, WordPress.com

3. Reduces boot space,

4. Heavier and more expensive.
5. If stuck in mud or snow it is harder to drive away than in a front wheel drive car . //eclkmpbn.com/adServe/banners?

2. Rear Engine Rear Wheel Drive : tid=99244_165675_0&type=footer&size=7

This layout consists of placing the engine, clutch and gearbox in the back. So taking the 28x90

space of the boot. In these type of layout more than 50% of the weight is on the rear
axle.
The necessity of the propeller shaft is completely eliminated. The clutch, gear box and
engine and nal drive form a single unit.

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Advantages :
1. Excellent traction is available while climbing hills.
2. A larger passenger space is available for the given length of body.
3. Very compact and accessible power and transmission assembly is provided.
4. Lot of weight at the back improves acceleration and braking, rear wheels and disc brakes
can be designed to take a bigger amount of braking due to the weight distribution to the
rear end.
5. Passengers are comfortable from engine noise, heat and fumes.
6. Front of the vehicle provides good visibility and by designing the body to aerodynamic
shape gives good streaming lining.
Disadvantages :
1. At high speed, relatively high proportions of weight at the rear axle will make the car
unstable at speed. There is a strong tendency for the vehicle to oversteer.
2. The space at the front has to be reduced to allow for the steering lock of the front wheel.
3. Space utilized for engine compartment is wasted.
4. Di culties with the arrangement of the engine cooling system. Natural cooling of
radiator is not possible. Power requirement increases. Compact engine, clutch and gearbox
make servicing more di cult.
5. The wheels gets turn too sharply due to tendency of the vehicle to over steer. This
necessitates the turning of the steering wheel in the opposite direction to make the
correction by driver.
3. Front Engine Front Wheel Drive :
This type Of arrangement provides optimum passenger space and a at oor line
resulting in a transverse under oor-longitudinal engine position.

The propeller shaft length is reduced or neglects the propeller shaft

.
Good grip with road surface due to engine weight at front.

Power required for the cooling is reduced. When the vehicle is to be ‘steer in’ to the
curve, it provide ‘under-steer’ characteristics, which is always preferred.

4. Mid-Engine, Rear Wheel Drive :

This type of engine layout places the engine between the two axles and the rear wheels
are driven. weight is equally distributed between front and rear wheel

Advantages :

1. Good acceleration because of back weight transfer.

2. E cient braking.
3. Neutral handling.
Disadvantages :

1. When accelerating some steering is lost.

2. Require more space.
3. No back seats.
4. Di culties with the cooling system.

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5 Four Wheel Drive :

In this arrangement all the four wheels of the vehicle are driven bv the engine thus
making the entire vehicle weight available for traction.

These four wheel drive vehicles are very useful on Hill station if one of the wheel slipping
or skidding then the other axle wheel transmit the tractive force to the vehicle. The
steering of the four wheel drive is hard to operate compared with other type of drive.
Advantages :
1. Traction is nearly doubled compared to a two-wheel drive layout.
2.Handling characteristics in normal conditions can be con gured to emulate or R WD.
3.Gives su cient power, this results in unparalleled acceleration and drivabilitv on
surfaces with less than ideal and superior engine braking on loose surfaces.
Disadvantages :
1.The manufacturing cost of the vehicle is high.
2.More component and complicate transmission.
3.Increased power-train mass, rotational inertia and power transmission losses.
4.Increased fuel consumption compared to 2WD.
(A) Rear engine, all wheel drive (4WD) :
Similar characteristics as rear engine, rear wheel drive. And other additional as:
Advantages :
1.Better weight distribution.
2.More neutral reactions.
3. Better traction on bends and slippery road surfaces.
Disadvantages:
1. Heavier.
2.More expensive and di cult to design and build.
(B) Front engine, all wheel drive(4WD) :

Similar characteristics as the front engine, rear wheel drive Plus .

Advantages :

1. Better handling capacity.

2. Better acceleration.
Disadvantages :

1. It increases weight and manufacturing cost compare with front engine layouts.
2. Loss of some space in the back seats legs room.

Di erentiate between front and rear mount engine vehicle :

Sr.
Front mount Engine(F), Rear mount Engine
(R)
1.F: Travelling is faster and safer as compare to rear mount engine.
R:Travelling is less faster and safer than front mount engine.
2. F:This engine vehicles have good road adhesion due to large vehicle weight carrying on
driving wheel.
R:This engine vehicles having less road adhesion as compared to front mount engine.
3.F: This engine provide less passenger comfort compared to rear mount engine. R:This
engine provide better passenger comfort due to reduce noise, heat and fumes.
4. F:It provides high oor results in more passenger space as compared to rear engine.
R:It provides less oor area result in more passenger space due to dispensing with
propeller shaft.
5. Front engine vehicles provide natural air cooling.
Rear engine required powerful fan.
6.F: In this engine as compared to the rear engine the vehicles are less a ected.
R: In this engine, the rearward concentration of weight causes the vehicle more a ected by
side
.
7.F:Chance of wheel skidding is less. R:Chance of wheel skidding is more.
8.Front engine vehicles visibility is poor. Rear engine vehicles visibility is good.

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Most of the modern cars are front wheel drive :

This type of arrangement provides optimum passenger space and a at oor line resulting
in a transverse under- oor-longitudinal engine position.
The propeller shaft length is reduced or neglects the propeller shaft.
Good grip with road surface due to engine weight at front.
The chance of wheel skidding and slipping is very much reduced.
Natural air-cooling of the radiator due to motion of vehicle.
6 Articulated Vehicles :

These vehicles having a detachable trailer supported on a platform on the tractor unit are
used to carry heavy loads which must not exceed gross train weight. The trailer tractor
connection is also called the fth wheel. It maximum permitted laden length and weight is
15 meters and 20 tonnes or less than four wheel
vehicle. No time will be waste in loading or unloading as several trailers are available.

7 Heavy Commercial Vehicles :

• These heavy and robust vehicles used for haulage purpose are powered by a diesel engine.
Its gross vehicle weight (g.v.w.) is more than 3 tonnes. It required twin tyres tted side by
side on the rear wheels for carrying heavy loads. Sometimes, more axles are added for very
heavy loads.
All the power and transmission components are arranged in a driver compartment.
Depending upon the requirement they may be open or closed body.
The open body vehicles are known as light truck or pick up.

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5 thoughts on “Types of Automobile Layout:”

Pingback: Types of Automobile Layout: | automobstars
Sudesh Vaste says:
May 1, 2020 at 5:31 pm

Hi sir,
I like your content it’s very good and useful for me regarding nal year mechanical
engineering project….

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Felix ochieng says:

June 25, 2021 at 3:33 pm

Very impressive notes

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Daniel says:
October 28, 2021 at 8:41 am

very nyc 👌

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Daniel says:
October 28, 2021 at 8:44 am

Very nyc and educative 👌👌

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