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CATEGORY OF EXPRESSIVENESS OF PUNCTUATION MARKS IN LINGUISTICS

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DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.11919.97441

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 CATEGORY OF EXPRESSIVENESS OF PUNCTUATION
MARKS IN LINGUISTICS
Khayriniso Bakhtiyarovna Ganiyeva
JSPU .Head of department of Foreign language in primary and preschool
education.
Abstarct: The category of expressiveness in punctuation marks within the field of
linguistics is a multifaceted and rich area of study. It delves into the ways
punctuation influences the emotions, and structure of language, offering valuable
insights into the multifunctional world of written and spoken communication. In
linguistic analysis, punctuation marks extend far beyond their grammatical roles,
becoming essential tools for conveying meaning, tone, and emotion. This category
of expressiveness encompasses the study of how punctuation marks, such as
exclamation points, ellipses, and question marks, serve as potent indicators of
emotions, emphasis, and interpretations in written and spoken language.

Keywords: Punctuation marks in Linguistics, Expressiveness of punctuation,

Comparative analysis.

INTRODUCTION.

Punctuation marks are used as important graphic tools in the expressive and logical
description of the written speech, in its condensing, and in showing the mutual
logical-grammatical relations of the parts of the written text. The role of punctuation
marks is incomparable in determining the semantic and grammatical relations
between the content, shades of meaning, syntactic parts (content) of the written text.
Punctuation, on the one hand, gives the writer the opportunity to express his written
speech clearly, correctly and expressively, and on the other hand, it creates the
opportunity for the reader to understand the idea of a certain text as expressed by the
writer, according to the writer's purpose, that is, a This punctuation mark is
understood by the reader in the same sense and function as the punctuation mark is
used by the writer.
The punctuation system of English and Uzbek languages is very complex and has a
wide range of use. Despite the fact that various aspects of it have been studied at
different language levels, there are still problems in understanding the content of the
text. Although the important aspects of punctuation marks in expressing various
meanings are observed by writers, the stylistic aspect, including the stylistic
possibilities of punctuation marks, the set of punctuation marks and their stylistic
functions, have not been sufficiently researched by linguists.

"In addition to the unique aspects of the set of systemized punctuation marks, it also
embodies a number of expressive linguistic-stylistic possibilities." Consequently,
the fact that the punctuation marks showing expressiveness do not correspond with
the syntactic aspects of expressiveness indicates the uniqueness of the punctuation
system of the language. The use of systematic punctuation marks in an artistic or
journalistic text contrary to the rules is based on expressiveness. Also, in
illuminating the concept of punctuation expressing expressiveness, it can be
demonstrated by considering punctuation marks as units that reflect expressive
meaning. It should be noted that the unique use of punctuation marks by the author
is related to his certain method or style, and helps the writer to express his style by
means of punctuation marks. It is known that the very concept of "style" indicates
the non-compliance of punctuation units with the norm of use in written text. His
system ensures that punctuation marks are used normatively, as opposed to
expressively, and they are based on the mutual compatibility of structural and
structural means of punctuation and punctuation situations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS.

The grammatical structure of English and Uzbek languages is considered the

logical-grammatical basis of the punctuation of these languages. Therefore, the use
of punctuation marks in the process of written speech has its own scientific-
theoretical and social-practical basis. Punctuation is a window of writing,
punctuation marks are used to clearly express the purpose of written speech and
facilitate its understanding. They are a tool that determines the meaningful,
grammatical, tonal relationships, syntactic division of written speech, ensures and
demonstrates stylistic fluency. Also, punctuation marks are of great importance in
defining aspects such as the type, nature of structure, and emotional features of the
sentence according to the purpose of expression. Punctuation, which is considered a
material unit of writing, was used from the beginning in connection with the logical
and grammatical aspects of speech. The use of punctuation marks as one of the
means of expressing human thoughts and feelings ensured its systematization and
stability. It is known that one of the main concepts of linguostylistics is
expressiveness (hereinafter: expressiveness), an important concept for analysis in
the study of expressive syntactic phenomena of the literary language and in
determining the expressive nature of punctuation marks.

The lexeme of expressiveness has different interpretations in explanatory

dictionaries. We can witness that the views on the concept of expressiveness by
several linguists, including Ye.M.Galkina-Fedoruk, V.V.Vinogradov,
G.A.Zolotova, G.N.Akimova, V.N.Telia, have not achieved uniformity.
Summarizing the results of the observations, it is worth noting that "the category of
expressiveness is a set of semantic-stylistic signs of language units that provide the
scope of use in the communication process as a means of subjective expression of
the speaker's attitude to the addressee or the content of the speech. As a result of the
practical implementation of the expressive units of the language, "an opportunity to
express the speaker's mental state is created in the speech." From this description, it
is understood that expressive means can be included in the sphere of language, and
expressiveness can be included in the sphere of speech, which creates the possibility
of being aware of the mental state. The tradition of attributing expressiveness to
speech categories is based on the views of Sh.Bally, who emphasizes that it belongs
to speech, which is equal to the sphere of influence of expressiveness, unlike
intellectual. Such a distinction is important in understanding the nature of expressive
punctuation phenomena.
 Usually, in the process of analysis of artistic text, the categories of expressiveness
and emotionality are confused, separate and dissimilar concepts, that is, as Y. M.
Galkinoy-Fedoruk noted, "emotion manifested in language always acquires
expressiveness. is enough, but the expressiveness reflected in the language is not
always emotional. Therefore, the concept of "expressiveness" is broader than
"emotion".

G.N. Akimova also researched the lexemes of "emotion" and "expressiveness"

separately, "shows the instability, involuntaryness of emotion, its connection with
human inner experiences, and expressiveness as a means of influence is used in the
speech process." The user uses language units in accordance with his purpose.
Therefore, punctuation is of great importance in the speech expression of human
inner experiences through the means of language.

From the abstractness of the plot and motive of the work, to the lack of rationale and
explanations for the storyteller's attitude towards the gender or the victim, the reader
focuses all his attention on his impression and perception expected at the end of the
story. Also, with the help of punctuation marks, the author leads the reader to
solitude and encourages him to persevere in his world. In order to clarify our point,
let's analyze the following text from the story "The Tell-Tale Heart" by Edgar Allen
Poe:

"I gasped for breath - and yet the officers heard it not. I talked more quickly – more
vehemently; but the noise steadily increased. I arose and argued about trifles, in a
high key and with violent gesticulations; but the noise steadily increased. Why would
they not be gone? I paced the floor back and forth with heavy strides, as if excited
to fury by the observations of the men - but the noise steadily increased. Oh God!
What could I do? I foamed – I raved – I swore! I swung the chair on which I had
been sitting, and grated it on the boards, but the noise arose over all and
continuously increased. It grew louder - louder - louder! And still the men chatted
pleasantly, and smiled. Was it possible they didn't hear? Almighty God! - no, no!
They heard! - they suspected! - they knew! - they were making a mockery of my
horror! – this, I thought, and this I think.”

The irregular comma separation of the sentences "this, I thought, and this I think" in
the text, trying to exaggerate the logical coherence, served to distort the
repetitiveness of the character's frenzy, on the contrary. To what extent the use of
anaphora in the author's speech shows the sequence of reality turns our imagination
upside down, darkens the window of perception, and with this, the character's
confused thoughts and the gross violation of syntaxes by means of excessive
repetitions pull the reader into a bottomless fantasy trap. From hyphens, exclamation
points, inappropriate question marks, and even capitalization in some cases, the
inefficient use shows the character's emotional fear and reminds the reader that he is
reading at the same time. Also, if the punctuation marks are removed while leaving
the content of the text unchanged in order to evaluate the gradual expression of
temptation, the colorfulness expressed in it loses its meaning.

In addition, we can witness that a certain standard that regulates punctuation marks
conforms to Poe's rules when it is expressed in Poe's story. The author encourages
the reader to interpret the story beyond the existing rules of punctuation, that is,
according to his own standards.

In short, the most important aspect of Edgar Poe's story, apart from punctuation, is
the author's ability to make the reader hear the inner voice of the author. At the same
time, the repeated and repeated use of punctuation marks, including the hyphen, and
the inappropriate expression of the exclamation mark tried to show the character's
inner feelings not in words, but through symbols.

We observe the use of punctuation marks in the following sentences from the Uzbek
artistic text:

Mеn sizning foydаngizni о‘ylаymаn. Аrаvа kishinikimi? Qovunni tushirib olаmаn

shu yеrdа. Аnov yеrdа ustа Toshtо‘lаt bor, bilаrsiz. Аrаvа ishidа fаrаng! Qovunning
puligа аrаvаni tuzаttirаsiz. Еgаsi хаfа bо‘lmаydi. (O.)
The text is logically and grammatically divided into seven independent parts -
divided into seven sentences. This is clear from the use of periods, question marks,
and exclamation points in this example. Interrogations, exclamation marks, and
periods in the text indicate the completion of parts, as well as the purpose of
expression and emotional aspects of those parts. So, the question mark, exclamation
mark and periods in the text perform two main tasks: a) the logical-grammatical
completion of the sentence; b) indicates the purpose observed from this sentence and
the emotional states in it. Although the comma in the fourth sentence also fulfills a
logical-grammatical task, its function is different from the function of questions,
exclamation points and full stops: the comma indicates the separation of the previous
part from the next part. We will not show all the functions of the use of punctuation
marks in written speech separately, but we will limit ourselves to emphasizing their
common aspects and the most common cases in the process of written speech. Also,
punctuation marks not only express the general semantic relations specific to the
whole sentence, but also have the characteristic of expressing the semantic relations
specific to the parts of the sentence.

I.P. Safronova said that these concepts "reflect the description that they are
aesthetically significant units of the author's thinking, and with their help, a unique
image of the world's artistic world is created while conveying the feelings and inner
experiences of the creator to the reader."

The punctuation marks used by the author in a unique way have broad and narrow
meanings in philology.

It is known that punctuation marks perform two main functions in the text, including
semantic and expressive. However, signs cannot create expressiveness without other
means of language. "Any punctuation mark can acquire expressiveness, when it is
appropriate to understand its basic meaning, knowing the possibilities and places of
its application"
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.

To date, the role of punctuation marks in interpreting the content of an artistic work
and creating it is incomparable. According to linguists, punctuation is a special part
of the semasiology system, which becomes an invisible but sharper tool of the writer
when creating a written text. Punctuation marks not only serve to organize the
syntactic and semantic system of the written text, but also "give information about
the existence of the idea and the attitude expressed in it."

Therefore, they also appear as a means of conveying information, and through such
a feature, the ability of the author to skillfully use punctuation marks is clearly
reflected.

Also, "with the help of punctuation marks, in addition to the tone of the artistic text,
it also shows the gestures and actions expressed in it." In addition, while showing
the growth of speech sounds in the written text, it determines the structure of the
speech weight and the emotional evaluative aspects of the author's tone. Precisely
for this reason, punctuation marks are not only a text creator, but also a means of
expressing the expressive side of the content.

Punctuation marks, considered a material means of writing, were used from the
beginning in connection with the logical and grammatical aspects of speech. The use
of punctuation marks as one of the means of expressing human thoughts and feelings
ensures its systematization and stability. When analyzing these aspects of English
writer Edgar Allen Poe's use of punctuation marks in his story "The Tell-Tale Heart",
his knowledge in this regard is commendable. In Edgar Allen Poe's story "The Tell-
Tale Heart," the self-deprecating, infuriating, and heart-wrenching expression is
expressed through what medium? Lishi has interested all linguists. They found that
punctuation was the tool that increased the effectiveness of the text of Allan Poe's
story rather than the syntactic structure. Because Edgar Poe's skillful use of
punctuation, which is more important than words with powerful and magical power,
shows the superiority of punctuation over words.
Most linguists call the question of the author's unique use of punctuation marks as
author's mark, author's punctuation, irregular punctuation, poetic punctuation, and
so on.

Punctuation in a broad sense is understood as the use by the author of various genres
of text that does not comply with the rules of the system of punctuation marks aimed
at expressing certain visual means. At the same time, it is possible to understand in
a narrow sense the specific, consistent and systematic method of a single author.

There is no consensus on these two views on punctuation. In modern linguistics,

there are three views regarding the use of punctuation marks by a writer in a unique
way:

1. Use of punctuation marks in all types of text in accordance with the rules
established by the author;

2. Irregular expression of punctuation marks, inconsistent with the rules existing in

the punctuation system;

3. Punctuation marks that perform the main task in expressing the content of the text.

N.S. Valgina admits that "punctuation marks are related to the uniqueness of the
writer."

Such symbols are created by means of "the tendency of the author to certain
methods, and not by subordination to the requirements of the context or content."

Using the author's method of using symbols, speech units - dynamism, fluency,
pronunciation of pure and fast sounds, i.e., the author's method of using punctuation
marks to express expressiveness has a unique tone.

The use of punctuation marks by the author is inextricably linked with the specific
content of the text, stylistic aspect of the regulated system of punctuation marks.

At this point, it is permissible to quote the following opinion of A.V. Kanafyeva, "it
is difficult to understand the punctuation marks used by the writer based on their
specific aspects, and it can be fully understood only when all their features are taken
into account."

The author considers this situation "belonging to the entire artistic text, along with
vocabulary and grammar, it is one of the powerful figurative and expressive tools."
Thus, there are two aspects of the author's unique use of punctuation. If the first
aspect is emphasized by linguists as requiring the violation of the grammatical norm,
the second one recognizes that the scope of use of punctuation marks will expand
even more by "breaking" the rules based on the norm.

However, A.P. According to Shapiro, "non-observance of the existing rules is not

considered to be a violation, on the contrary, it is an extension and deepening of their
use in works of art." Such rules can be called "violation" by the author with the help
of the used punctuation mark, the tendency to illuminate the meaning that the reader
did not expect.

It is known that there are two views in linguistics about the author's unique way of
using punctuation marks:

a) punctuation marks used by the author form a set of strict rules in accordance with
the punctuation standard. Such signs should be stylistically based;

b) that the punctuation used by the author in expressing the content of the artistic
work has the main function. In such cases, it can be recognized that the punctuation
marks are expressed according to the grammatical norm. However, in both cases,
the use of punctuation is directed towards the author's goals.

CONCLUSION.

Justifies that the presence of punctuation marks in the text is one of the most
important means of clarifying the idea. In some cases, inappropriately used
punctuation marks cause a misunderstanding of the content and purpose of the text,
affecting the complete communication of the author's purpose to the reader.
Therefore, it is possible to correctly interpret the content of the text by gaining
knowledge about the possibility of punctuation for various purposes, including the
criteria for expressing artistic meaning, to organize the internal connections of the
text. In addition, the possibilities of invariant and variant forms, which ensure the
formation of a set of punctuation marks reflected in the graphics of the text, and the
development trends of text punctuation marks were determined. Due to the fact that
not all writers are equal in their ability to use punctuation at the level of art, they
face various difficulties while translating works written in English, blindly
understanding the meaning expressed by means of punctuation marks. . So, the rules
of punctuation were created in accordance with the norms formed during the
development of the literary language, and each punctuation mark, in addition to its
own meaning, also serves to explain the meaning expressed by the writer.
Understanding the content of the text directly depends on the knowledge and skills
of punctuation marks, and these marks, like musical notes, show the right way to
perceive the thought intended by the author. Also, punctuation not only emphasizes
the meaning of a word, but also breaks the chain of semantic and grammatical
relations in it and can fundamentally change it, the modern system of punctuation -
punctuation embodies such features.

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