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Maths 9&10 Definitions & MCQs

STBB Jamshoro BM Narwani

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BM Amar Narwani
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73 views

Maths 9&10 Definitions & MCQs

STBB Jamshoro BM Narwani

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BM Amar Narwani
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Some Important Sets of Numbers: (i) Set of Natural Numbers N = {1,2,3, (2) Set of Whole Numbers W = {0,1,2,. (3) Set of Integers Z = {0, +1, £2, +3, we (4) — Set of Positive Prime Numbers P = {2,3,5,7,11, (5) Set of Odd Numbers O = {+1, +3, +5,.......} (6) Set of Even Numbers E = {0, +2, £4, £6, (1). Set of Rational Numbers Q'= (x/x = a sp.qezqe0} (8). Set of Irrational Numbers Q’ = tox #B; pqezq#0} (9) Set of Real Numbers R = QU Q’ SET: Set is a Collection of WELL defined and DISTINCT objects”. Well defined means that a rule can be stated which determines either an object is a member of a set or not. Distinct means that each object of a set is different from all other objects of the set. We can not repeat a member in a set. For example A = { x|x © Z>; x <5 } it says that set “A” has member such that they are positive integers and they are less than 5 i-e set A has members A = {1,2,3,4} So in Set A the portion [ x € Z*; x <5] is a rule which determines its members and each member is unique. ELEMENT: Any thing belong to a Set is called an element (or member) of the Set. Forms of Sets: (1) Descriptive Form: A Set which described with the help of a statement is called descriptive form. e.g. #N = The Set of natural numbers. (2) Tabular Form: In this form we list the element of a set with in curley Bracket. S = {a,b,c,d} ; T = {1,2.3} 3) Set-Builder Form: By enclosing within Curley bracket a rule that determines its elements is said to be set builder form. eg. #A={x[xeN;a; 100A- C. This is called the transitive property of equivalence of sets. Subset: A set A is a subset of a set B denoted by ACB, if every element of A is also an element of B. symbolically A Cc B. Note: (i) — Null set, @ is a subset of every set. Gii) Every set is a subset of itself. Power Set: The set of all possible subsets of a set A is called power set of A and is denoted by p(A). The total numbers of subsets is find out by 2". Where n = number of elements in a set. Proper Subset: A set A is a proper Subset of a Set B denoted by ACB if A is a subset of B and if there exists atleast one element in B that is not in A. eg# If A= {1,2,3} and B = {1,2,3.4} then A is proper subset of Bi-e A CB. Note: If A is a subset of B and B is a subset of C, then A is a subset of Ci-e AC Band BCC >ACC This is called the transitive property of subsets. Improper Subset: A set is called improper subset. If both sets are one by one equivalent to each other. eg# A= {a,b,c,d} ; B = {b,c,a,d} then set A is an improper subset of set B. Note: Each Set is an improper subset of itself. Infact, the only improper subset of a set is the set itself. QPERATIONS ON TWO SETS: Union of Two Sets: The Union of the Sets A and B, denoted by AUB is the Set that Contains those elements which are contained in A or B or both. AUB ={x|xe Aorxe B} Intersection of Two Sets: The intersection of sets A and B, denoted by ANB, is the set that contains those elements which are contained in both A and B. ANB={x|x Aandxé B} Difference of Two Sets: The difference of Sets A and B, denoted by A — B is the set containing those elements that are in A but not in B. A-B={x|xe Aandx¢ B} Symmetric Difference of Two Sets: The symmetric difference of sets A and B, denoted by A A B, is the set containing those elements which are either in A or in B but not in both A and B. AAB = (AUB) - (ANB) Universal Set: A Set which contains all the sets under consideration is calied a universal set. Usually it is denoted by U. Complement of a Set: Let U be a Universal set and let A CU. The Complement of Set A, denoted by A® or A’, is the set containing those elements of U, which are not in A. Disjoint Sets: If the intersection of two sets is the empty set then the sets are said to be disjoint sets. i-e ANB=6 Fundamental Properties of Union and Intersection: a) AUB =BUA (Commutative property of union) @) ANB =BNA (Commutative property of Intersection) Q) AU (BUC) = (AUB) UC (Associative property of Union) (4) AN(BNC=(ANBNC (Associative property of Intersection) () AU (BN C)=(A UB) N (AUC) (Distributive property of Union over Intersection) (6) AN(BUC)=(ANB) U (ANC) (Distributive property of intersection over union) De Morgan’s Laws: If we have two sets A and B, be the subsets of (Universal Set) then 0) (AUBY = ANB’ (ii) (ANB) = AUB" Ordered Pair: An Ordered set of two elements is called an ordered pair. eg # (a,b), the first component is “a” and the second component is “b” The Cartesian Product of Two Sets: The Cartesian product of any set A with any other set B is the set of all ordered pairs (a,b) where a€A and b &B it is denoted by A x B and is read as “A Cross B” Symbolically. AxB={(abjJae A; be B} Note:(1) The ordered pairs (a,b) and (b,a) are not the same unless a=b (2) Two ordered pairs (a,b) and (c,d) are equal if and only ifa=c,b=d. (3) if either A or B is empty then AXB=0 (4) AxB#BxA Unless A=B (5) If the number of elements in sets A and B are m and n, respectively, then the number of elements in A x B is mn. Binary Relation: A binary relation from a set A to a set B is just a subset of A x B. Thus, every subset of A x B is a binary relation from A toB. In particular, a subset of A x A is called a binary relation in A. Domain and Range of a Binary Relation: The Set of the first elements of all ordered pairs in a relation R from a. Set A toa Set B is called the domain of the relation R. The Set of the second elements of all the ordered pairs in the relation is called the range of the relation R. Domain of R is denoted by Dom R and range of R is denoted by Range R. Function: Let A and B be any two sets and R be a binary relation from A to B. Then R is called a function from A to B if @ DomR=A (ii) Every element of A is associated with exactly one element of B under R i —e (a,b) € R, (a,b’) € R imply that b = b’. If a relation is a function then it is usually denoted by f.g ete. If f is a function from A to B, it is written as f: A——> B itis read as f is a function from A to B. Note: If f : A-——> B is a function from A to B and pair (a,b), aé Aand bé B isin f. Then bis called the image of a under f. It is denoted by f (a)=b. Types of Function: (J) Onto Function: A function f from A to B is called an onto function if Range f = B. (2) One—One fuction: A function f from A to B is said to be one-one if distinct elements of set A are associated with distinct elements of Set B. (3) One—One and onto function: A function f from Set A to set B is called a one — one and onto function it is both one-one and onto. MATHEMATICS NOTES X (Unir# 1 (SETS) —-MULMPLE CHOICE Questions Unit # 04 MATHEMATICS X (Multiple Choice Questions) > SET ‘AbamieeConcning.BLoGsror.com is the collection of well-defined and distinct objects. av Set b. Power c. Conjugate d. Relation Anything belongs to a set is called an of the set. a Subsets b.¥ elements domain d. Power Asset which described with the help of a statement is called, a. Tabular b. Set builder c.V descriptive d._«@ Nonelof these The order pair (-5, 3) lies in quadrant. ao 6 @3° cc a ada 24 The null set is considered to bea of every set. a. Super set b. Proper Subset c.V Subset d. Improper subset The set of all Subsets ofa set is called set. a.V Power Null c. Super Proper ifn (A) 280 then’n [P (A)] = a. 41024 bv 1024 ce 1000 d. 1004 ‘Theyset A = { x/x is past president of Pakistan who was a woman} Is an example of set. a. Super b. Sub cv Null d. The order pair (0, 2) lies in lon a. 1 quadrant b. 4" quadrant c X-axis dv Y-axis ADAMIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX (Unir# 2 (SETS) —-MuLMPLE CHOICE Questions 10. (0.41, #2....,} is the set of a prime number b.¥_ Integers C whole number d Even numbers The order pair (5, 0} lies in/on a. yweaxis b, 2" quadrant cv xaxis d. 3 quadrant If a set has four elements then it’s power set will contain elements, equal to elements. av 16 b. 4 C 8 d. 10 {a a 8 . cv OA uv IFA ={1, 2, 3} and B= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} then Ais Subset of B. a.V proper bo. Super c. Improper d. None of these IFA = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}; B= (1, 3, 5, 7} then’AA B= a. (2,46, 7) bd” 25,67) cv (2.4,5,6,7) 4. (45,67) The point of intersection of x and y-axes is called, a. Abscissa b. Ordinate c.V~ origin d. None of these The ordered pair (0, 0) lies at/ on . a X-AKES| b. yraxes, c. 4*.quadrant d.¥_ origin Thejplane made by the x and y-axes is called plane. a Rectangular b.¥ Coordinate ic. Vertical d Horizontal ‘The Set of the first elements of all order pairs in a relation R is called relation. a Range b. function cv domain d. Union In generally Cartesian product of Sets A and B; Ax B a bv # c. d. < ADAMIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX (UNmT #1 (SETS) —-MuLMPLE CHOICE Questions 21, FE ={2,4, 6,....} and O= {1, 3, 5.0} are sets, a. Equal b.¥ Equivalent ¢. Complement to each other d. proper {0} is the set which has ‘element. a. Two b. three cv one d. four The every subset of the Cartesian product AxB is called a relation ffomiA to B. v function b. domain cv Binary |. Denary XQ ” u ‘ bY u c © dviA The Cartesian coordinate System is also known as Coordinate System. a. Denary b. Binary cv Rectangular, d. Functional The Order pair (0)3) lies'in/on. a. X-axis bv y-axis c. origin, d. quadrant At third quadrant the value of x and y will be al, yk b, -Bt CV ye 8- d. +84 if (x - 2, 6) = (4, y +2) then the value of x = andy= “aV 6&4 b. 3&2 c. 68-4 d. 38-2 If S={1, 2, 3, 4} then the number of elements in p(S) a 4 b 8 c 10 d.v 16 ADAMIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX (Unir#t 1 (SETS) —MULMPLE CHOICE Questions 32. According to de morgan’s law An B’ = . a (CuBy’ . (Bn Ay cv (AuBy (Any A-B= . a {xiv 4x € D} bv {x[x €A;4x € B} ce {x|x € A; “x € B} d. {xx € Ap 4x EC} IfAC BthenAUB= a oA cD IfA Cc BthenAnB= a. B . cv A d. o Two sets are said to be equal if and only if they haverthe samie_ : a.V_ elements b. “equal, om power dé None.of these The intersection of two overlapping sets is. - a. Empty bv) _Non-empty c Equal d” Real Two sets A and B are said‘to be if a(1—1) correspondence can be established between theirélements. a.V Equivalent b. Equal c Relation d. function If f:A > Bisa function from A to B and pair (a,b); a € Aand b € Bis inf, then b is called the _ Of a under f. a. Range’ b.v_ Image c. 9 domain d. Relation ‘A function f from A to B is called an onto function if a f(a) =b b. DomR=A CV Range f = B ad f(a) = f(b) A function f from A to B is said to be if distinct elements of Set A are associated with distinct elements of Set B. a only function b. onto function c into function d.¥ one-one ADAMIEECOACHIEG, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX (Unir# 2 (SETS) —-MuLmPLe CHOICE Questions 42. fA =[2,3],B = (3,4); = [4,5] thenAx(BNC)=_ a bv {(2,4),(3,4)} ce (B.4),4,5)} a ((2,4),(2,5)} IfU = {1,2,3,4};A = {1,2} &B = {2,3} thenfind 4 UB = a. A b. u cv (13,4) dB ifA = {2,3}; B = {3,4}; C={c, fJ&U = a 3,4,¢, f} then find BY — A’ av {2} (AuBy a {haf} Qe cy a ANU= av A c uv AuU= b. of dv ® Aand Bare said tobe sets if no elements is common in them. a. equal b.¥ Disjoint C equivalent d. overlapping Two orderipairs (a, b) and (c,d) are equal if and only if a=bpb b. Aa c;b =d 4. B OA means that B is a. Improper subset b. Vv proper subset ‘<. — powerset d. equal set The set A = {x|x isa letter before "a" in the English alphabet} is an example of set. a. Sub b. Super c. equal dv Null ADAMIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX (Unir# 2 (SETS) — MuumPte CHOICE QuesTIONS 53. Aset having does not contains any element is called set. a.v Null b. Super c. Subset d. None of these Two sets A and B are said to be if they have same number of elements. a equal b. subsets c.V equivalent d. None of these If A, Band Care three sets then A — B,and B — C = A —C this is called the » property of equivalence of sets. a. Reflexive b. Associative cv Transitive d. Commutative Everysetisa____——__offitself. a.V Subset . Null set. c proper Subset . None of these IfAis a subset of B and Bis a subset of C then Ajis a-subset of C. This is called the property of subsets. a.V Transitive ib Reflexive c. Commutative d. . Associative If A is subset of B and A = B thefiwelsaythat A is an subset of B. a. proper b.¥_ Improper c. Super d. None of these Aset which contains‘all the sets under consideration is called a a. finite b. Infinite c.v Universal d. Super If two séts.aré equal they are also : a, “ Commutative . Associative cé¥) yequivalent |. None of these ‘Two equivalent sets may not be : a. “Not equal bv equal ¢. subsets of each other d, None of these The Cartesian product of two sets A and B denoted by A x B, is defined follows. av {(a,b)|a € Aandb € B} b. {(a,b)|a € Aand b € BY c {(@,b)|a € Aandb € BY d. None of these ADANIEECOACHING, BLOSSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX (Unir# 2 (SETs) —MMULMPLE CHOICE Questions 63. If the set A has two elements and the Set B has three elements then the Set A x B has elements. v6 1 b. 10 d. 16 The y-coordinate of every point at x-axis is . aol bo cv 0 d None of these The X-coordinate of every point at Y-axis is aod bv 0 cod d. None of these If the number of elements in a Set 4 is n the number of elementsinp(A) = av 2 b 3” c 4” d. 5” ifa relation is given by R = {(0, 1), (1, 2), (3, 4)}themthe range of R = a {0,13} ba” {02,4} c= {1,2,3} d. V1) 2,4} It is not necessary that every onto fun¢tion’shduld also be a function. a. into bv 1-1 c ontoand1—1 d. None of these If b is a real number the point (, 5) lies on. . a axis b. Origin cv y-axis |. None of these Ifb is a real number the point (b, 0) lies on . a. yraxis b.V x-axis c. Origin d. None of these by,Commutative property of union of two sets AU B = a. BAA b ANB Ch MA UC dv BUA by Commutative property of intersection of two sets A B = a. BUA bv BNA c AUB d. AUC by Associative property of Union A U (BU C) = . av (AUB)UC b. (AUB)NE c (AnB)ac d. (ANB)UC ADAMIEECOACHIEG, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX (Unir#t 2 (SETS) ~ MuLmPLe CHOICE Questions 74. by Associative property of intersection AN (BNC) = a =(AuB)UC bv (Ansync c (AnaByuc da. (AUB)Ne B= {x|x +5 = 5} is an example of Set, a. Null b. Sub c.V Singleton d. Super C = {x|x is less than 7 and greater than 8} is an example of. a.V Null b. Singleton c Sub d. Super ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOF.COM System of Real Numbers, Exnonents and Radicals Related Definitions an ir Real Number Rational Numbers irrational Numbers Intergers Fractions (+ , -) +Ve Zero -Ve Proper Improper (a3) G8) {+ve integers} U {0} = {non-negative integers} {-ve integers} U (0} = {non-positive integers} { Natural numbers} = {positive integers} { Whole numbers } = { Non-negative integers} Note: Improper fractions may be written in the form of mixed numbers. Unit # 2 System of Real Numbers Exponents and Radicals Rational Numbers: Numbers that can be writien as quotient of two integers are called rational numbers. = eo Qa x] xx q Note: Rational numbers can be written down as Terminating or recurring decimal fractions: ;p.qe zandq#0} Terminating decimal fractions: A decimal fraction in which the decimal part contains only a finite number of digits is called a Terminating decimal fraction. All terminating decimal fractions represent rational numbers. 2501 2458 €.g# Tog = 25-01 . 799g = 0:2458 a a= Recurring decimal fractions: A non-terminating decimal fraction whose decimal part contains some digits which are repeated again and again in the same order is called a recurring decimal fraction. 1 _ 0.3333 1 0.090909. eg > Cycle? ‘ll * block of cycle 2.123123 1 i block of cycle *7— 0142857142 1 BSc = O15 Irrational_ Numbers: Number that can not be written as quotient of integers are called irrational numbers. Numbers that can be represented as non. repeating and non-terminating decimal numbers. e.g# V2 =1.4142135 1B = 1.7320508 m= 3.1415926 ; 0.02002000200002 Properties of Rational Numbers: Rational numbers shows the properties with respect to addition and multiplication. Properties w.r to Addition: (i) a+b => Result is also a rational Number (Closure preperty) (ii) a+b = b + a =Result is same on both Sides (Commutative property) (iii) a+(b+c)= (a+b) +c = Result is same on both sides (Associative property) (iv) a+0=0+ a= (Identities) (vy) a + (-a) = 0 = (-a) + a = Result is zero (Inverse property) (vi) a (b + c) = ab + ac = Number multiplied on the all Numbers (Distributive property) Properties w.r to Multiplication: (i) ab = Result is also a rational number (Closure property) (ii) ab = ba => Result is same on both sides (Commutative property) (iii) a (be) = (abjc = Result is same on both sides (Associative property) (iv) ax 1=1xa= (Identities) 1 1 (vy) axge l= 4%a> Result is one (Inverse property) (vi) a (b + c) = ab + ac = Number multiplied on the all numbers. (Distributive property) Properties of Real Numbers: Properties w.r to Addition: (i) Closure Property: Sum of any two real numbers is also a real number. ime xyEeRox+yeR e.gi 16,24€R>16+24=40ER _ Gi) Commutative property: X+y=ytx ; WxyeER. egt 2 +3=V3+2 iii) Associative property: x+(ytz=(at+y)+2;Vxy.Ze R. e.g# Ss (748) =20=(5 +748 Unit # 2 System of Real Numbers Exponents and Radicals ‘iv) Additive Identity: There exists a number 0 € R such that x+O0=O4+x=x;VxER The element 0 is called the additive identity. e.g# a2 +0=.2=0+./2 (v) Additive Inverse: For every x € R, there exists an element x ER such that x+x=0=N 4X x’ is called the additive inverse of x and is denoted by x! e.g# 24(-2)=(-2)+2=0 Properties w.r to Multiplication: (i) Closure Property: product of any two real numbers is also a real number. i-eé x,yER=>xeR eg# 06,046 R= (0.6)(0.4) =0.24ER (ii) Commutative Property: xy=yx;Vx,yeR egt 2x3 =¥3xV2 = Vo (iii) Associative Property: x(yz)=(xy)z;Vx,y,2ER e.g (0.2 x 1.5)x4=0.3x4=1.2 iy) Multiplicative Identity: “Laere exist a number | € R, such that xxl=lxx=x ; WxeR the number 1 is called the multiplicative identity e.g# V5 x 1=V5 = 1x5 (y) Multiplicative Inverse: for each x € R; x # 0, there exists an elemen x* < R such that XXX*=x*xx=] The element x* is called the multiplicative inverse of x poe Ha 1 iol itis also written as + or x » Thus xx => XK = 1 (or) xxxtextxxe | ran e.g 6xG=Gxo=l vi) Distributive property of multiplication w.r to Addition: X(y4Z) = xy + xz Vix.y,zER ot vi($+ 2) -¥ a 2h (vii) Trichotomy Property: For any two real numbers x and y either x y. Properties of Equality of Real Numbers: (i) Reflexive Property: x=x, forallxe R (ii) Symmetric Property: x=y=y=x;forallxyeR (ii) Transitive Property: X=yandy=z=>x=z2 Vxy,zER iv) Additive Property: XSy=oxtz=yt+zandz+x=z+y for all x.y. z © R. i - e addition of same number to - each side of an equality does not change the relation. 6 6 1 1 gas qt 7E3 49 proved Unit # 2 System of Real Numbers Exponents and Radicals (v)_ Multiplicative property: Vx,y,ze@ R: x =y => xz= yz (right multiplication) and zx =zy (Left multiplication) multiplication by the same number of each side of an equality does not change the relation. 6 6 1 1 3=3SaxQ53 x5 (vi) Cancellation property w.r to Addition: Vxy.zeER (a) X+Z=y+z=>x=y (right cancellation) (b) Z+X=zZ+y—>x=y (left cancellation) e.g# 0.2+03=$+03 90254 A (vii) Cancellation property w.r to multiplication: for all x.y,z€Rz#0 (a) xz = yz=> x =y (Right cancellation) (b) ZX =Zy => X=y (left cancellation) e.gH 2x=2y>x=y(asZ=2#0) Properties of Inequality of Real numbers: () Archimedean Property: If x o then their exists a natural number n > 1 such that nx > y. e.g# 5 < 14 we can take n =3 such that 3x 5= 15> 14. (ii) Transitive property: Vx ,y,zERjxx0;x xz < yz (right multiplication) and zx < zy (left multiplication) ifzxz>yz Surds: An expression which has at least one term involving a radical sign is called a surd. e.g# Note: @ e.g# rB.9B.4/3 a If va is an irrational number and “a” is not a perfect nth power then it is called a surd of nth order. 4 vB is a surd of second order, 9 is a surd of fourth - , order but-J27 = 3 is nota surd. An expression of two terms in which atleast one term is a surd of second order is called a “binomial surd”. 2) +3 2 5 -y2 are binomial surds. Expressions of the type avx = by and ax + byy; x and y are not perfect squares, a # 0, b # 0, taken together are binomial surds and each is called the conjugate of the other. Product of a Conjugate pair of binomial surds is a rational number. - (3-2) 342) =7 (ax + by) ay — byfy) = ax ~ b’y MATHEMATICS NOTES IX \Unmr #2 (SYSTEM OF REAL NUMBERS, EXPONENTS AND RADICALS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Unit # 02 (Multiple Choice Questions) MATHEMATICS IX > SYSTEM OF REAL NUMBERS, EXPONENTS AND RADICALS The additive inverse of —x +y is {a)v x-y ()oxty Additive inverse of “O” is (a) 1 (dv 0 Multiplicative inverse of “O” (a) exist (2 {-(-2)}= (a) 4000 (4096 Simplified form of V3 (v3 + 2V12)is (a) -15. () -v3 The conjugate of 2Va+ 4Vb is (a) -2Va+4Vb () -2Va-4Vb Simplify V6 (5V24 — V6 is (a)v 54 (120 ‘ADAMIEECOACHING. BUOGSPOTICOM (b) (d) (b) (d) (b) ¥- does not exist (d) (b)v () (b) (d)v (b}v 2Va-4vb (d) 3+vI2 (b) (4) f= 7 - V3 then find the value of x—+ = (a) av3 (9-14 48 + V75 is equivalent to (a) 4v3 (d -W3. ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOF.COM (b) (a)v (by (d) MATHEMATICS NOTES IX Uner #2 {SYSTEM OF REAL NUMBERS, EXPONENTS AND RADICALS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 10. The set A={1, 2,5, 7, (a) Addition (b) (c) Division }is closed with respect to Subtraction (d)V¥ Multiplication If x, y and z are any three real numbers such that x=y and y=z then x=z this property is known as (a) Reflexive (cc) Symmetric (d) property. is the multiplicative inverse of x* (byv x (a) ¥ () xt (d) {-(-4y}= (a)¥ 1 (b) () 0 (d) (b)¥ Transitive Trichotomy yt 1 None of these The Identity element for multiplication of a set of real number is (a) 0 (b) () 0 Ifx=2+V3 then x? = (a) 7 () 7-4v3 (d) The additive inverse of 1/-a-b is (a) -atb (b) ov + (d) HayT= {a)vo1 (2 (7-V2) (7+V2) = (a) 49 () 0 (2V2 + V7) (2V2 - V7) = (a) 4 (jv 4 aM 36%? = (a) 8 (c) 6 ADANEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM (b)v =1 (djv 1 743 2v3 a-b None of these MATHEMATICS NOTES IX (Unir #2 (SYSTEM OF REAL NUMBERS, EXPONENTS AND RADICALS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 21. The set {1, 0} is closed with respect to : (a) Addition (b) Subtraction (c)V Multiplication (d) Division i= > ——__ (av (b) & 7 (od None of these Simplify 2¥3 +6v3=_ (a) -8v3 8v3. (dQ 2v3 None of these Simplify vB x V2 = __ (a)v ave -4v6 () 8v3 (d) None of these simplify °V243 = (a) 4 (b) 4 (hv 3 (d) None of these a? a4 = (a) 6 (b)v 4 (cd) 1 (d) None of these 5V3 is a surd of (a) fourth (b) third (dv. fifth (d) Second An expression which has atleast one term involving a radical sign is called a (a) Radicand (b) Index (dv Surd (d) None of these The product of conjugate binomial surds is always a number. (a) Natural (b) Irrational (cq) Whole (d)¥_ Rational Simplify (36 + ¥3)° (a)¥ 574+ 18V2 (b) 57-18v2 (Qj -57-18Vv2 (d) None of these ADANEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX [UntT #2 (SYSTEM OF REAL NUMBERS, EXPONENTS AND RADICALS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 31, nisan number, (a) Rational (c)¥_ Irrational 8V2 + 6V7 is an example of (a) Monomial (c}¥_ Binomial "Va isan number. (a) Rational (c) Natural Simplify v6 (4V24 — v@) = {a)v 42 (cd) 54 Simplify V7 V6 V42 = (a) 48 () 0 vis an (a) _ Rational (co) Natural (b) (4) ‘Surds. (b) (d) Natural Whole Trinomial Multinomial (b)V¥_ Irrational (d) (b) (d) Whole 48 58 (b)v_ 42 (d) 50 (b)V¥_ Irrational (d) All terminating decimal fractions represent (a) Irrational ()¥_ Rational (b) (a) whole numbers. Natural Whole A decimal fraction in which the decimal part contains only a finite number of digits in called a decimal fractions. (a)¥_ Terminating (c) Recurring If xeV2 4 then x? = (a) yv2-1 () 1 lfx= 24/3 then x ++= (a) 2-3 (9 ave ADANEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM (b) (d) (b) Non Terminating None of these Vie1 (d}v 3-2V2 (b)v 4 (d) 3 MATHEMATICS NOTES IX [UNIT #2 (SYSTEM OF REAL NUMBERS, EXPONENTS AND RADICALS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS The numbers that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers are called number. (a) Irrational (c)¥ Rational (b) Whole (d) None of these The numbers that can not be expressed at the ratio of two integers are called number. (a)¥_ Irrational (c} Rational (b) Whole (d) None of these (bpv xt (d) None of these (b) (4) (b)v xv (d) None of these A number whose exponent is zero is always is equal to (a) 0 (jv 1 XxX = (ajv 1 () -2 (by) -1 (d) (b) 0 (d) To find the value of 38(83)° we first find the 9th power of 83 and then with 38. (a) © Addition (ov Multiply ‘The radicand of the expression 35 is la) 36 (cd o1 Va = (a) V3 (9 4 ADANEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM (b) Subtraction (d) None of These (b} 0 (d)v 35 (b)v 4V3 (4) -4v3 MATHEMATICS NOTES IX (Unir #2 (SYSTEM OF REAL NUMBERS, EXPONENTS AND RADICALS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 51. The multiplicative inverse of -5 is lav -2 (b) ( -5 (a) ais called the root of a (a) Cube (b} nth (c}v Square (d) None of these a” is called the root of a (a) Square (b)V Cube: () nth (d) None of these x favs (b) (Qo (d) 1 x x The nth power of a number “a” is called base and “n” is called. (a) coefficient (b)-¥ exponent (c) variable (d) None of these 27 (a) 4 (by -3 2 (d)v 3 =A = ——__ (a)v 2+V3 (b) -2+V3. () -2-V3 (d) None of these The Union of the sets of all rational and irrational numbers is called the set of numbers, (a) Natural (b) Whole (cv Real (d) None of these If 16"? = = then the value of x = (av -4 (b) (a if9*1 = 3 then the value of x= {a) 1 (jv 0 ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX (Untr #2 (SYSTEM OF REAL NUMBERS, EXPONENTS AND RADICALS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 61. Simplify [(-8)"] — (a)v 8” (by -8" (} 8 (d) None of these 1 z isa number. (a) Odd (b) Even (c)V Rational (d) Irrational Irrational number is a number which can be expressed only as a non-recurring decimal fraction. (a)¥_ Non-Terminating (b) Terminating (c) recurring (d) None of these If xy = y=x for all x, y € R then this property is called, property. (a) Reflexive (b)v Symmetric (c) Transitive (d) Trichotomy For any two real numbers x and y either xy then this property is called —____ Property. (a) Reflexive (b} Symmetric (dV Trichotomy (d) Transitive By distributive property of multiplication with respect to Addition x(y+z) = (a) xy=xz (b)¥ xy +xz (c) -xy +z (d) None of these The set (0, 1} is closed with respect to, (a)¥ multiplication (b) Addition (c}__ Division (d) Subtraction The set {1} is closed with respect to (a) Addition (b}¥ Multiplication () Subtraction (d) i The set {0} is closed with respect to addition and (a) Subtraction (b) Division (c}¥_ Multiplication (d) None of these The set {1, -1} is closed with respect to . (a) Addition (b)V Multiplication (c) Subtraction (d)} Division ADAMAIEECOAGHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX (Unir #2 (SYSTEM OF REAL NUMBERS, EXPONENTS AND RADICALS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 71. The Set {0, -1} is not closed with respect to Addition and (a) Subtraction (b} Division (c}¥ Multiplication ({d) None of these For More Notes, Mcas, ONLINE Quizzes ADAMJEECOACHING. BLOGSPOT.COM ADANEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM Unit # 3 Logarithus fed Definitions and Formulae Important Information: @ Q) Q) The concept of logarithms were introduced by Muslim mathematician Abu Muhammad musa Al-Khawarzimi. In Seventeenth century John Napier developed the Concept of the logarithm and prepared tables. Initial logarithmic tables based on “e” (irrational number) and it’s approximate value is 2.71828 The properties of the number “e” were found by great mathematician euler. In 1631 professor Henry briggs developed the tables with the base “10”. Logarithms base “e” Notural logarithm (ar) Naperian logarithm. 10° = 1000 (exponential form) logio 1000 = 3 (logarithmia form) L Read as “Jog of 1000 to the base 10 equal to 3”. Conclusion: “logarithm is basically a power of any Number” Definition of logarithm: let a, x, y be real numbers such that a > 0 and a# 1 if x = a’, then the logarithm of x to the base a is y and is written as log,x = y. a The logarithm of | to any base is zero. os The logarithm of the base to itself to 1. Scientific Notation: Scientific Notation is a short way to write very large and very small number. Generally approximate values of the given numbers are used to write them in Scientific notation. Method to write a number in Scientific Notation: In this notation the given number is expressed as the product of two factors, one of which is a number equal to or greater than 1 but Jess than 10 and the other is a power of 10. i-eif the given number is n, then in scientific notation n = 5 x 10™ where 1 < S < 10 and mis an integer. Remember: wD The exponent of 10 is obtained by counting the number of digits which are between the new position of decimal point and its original position. If the movement of the decimal point is towards the left from its original position, then the exponent of 10 is positive. (3) If the movement of the decimal point is towards the tight from its original position, then the exponent of 10 is negative. . (4) if a number is written in the scientific notation it is also said to be in its standard form. Laws of logarithms: qd) log ab = loga + logb. The logarithm of the product of two numbers is the sum of their logarithms. loge = loga — logb The logarithm of the quotient of two numbers is the difference of their logarithms. log a" =n loga The logarithm of a number raised to a power n is the product of the exponent n and the logarithm of the number. Unit #3 Logarithms Change of base in logarithms: * * qd) Q) _ logy n ~ logy & log, b. log, a = 1 (Special case) log, n Characteristic can be zero, +ve or ve we can find characteristic by the Rules. Mantissa is always + ve and we can find the Mantissa by table of Common logarithms. Rules of Find Out Characteristics: Rules of Ping Veer @ e.g# If the number is whole/integral then the characteristic is positive and numerically one less than the number of digits. 45 ——~ Characteristic t 1009. Characteristic = 3 140) ———> Characteristic = 2 8 —— > Characteristic = 0 If the decimal point occurs in the middle of any number then the characteristic is positive and numerically one less than the number of digits immediately preceeding the decimal point. 41787 ———> Characteristic = 0 198103 ———> Characteristic = 2 If any number is starting with the decimal point then the characteristic is negative and numerically one more than number of noughts/zeros immediately following the decimal point. Bs ——» Characteristic = | or -1 hosa ——> Characteristic = 2 or -2 b.00009 — Characteristic = 5 or =§ Antilogarithms: If logx = y, then x is called the antilogarithm of y. It is written as x = antilog y. If the Common logarithm of a number x is y i—e if log x = y ; then we find the number x by using the tables of antilogarithms and with the help of following two rules. Rule 1: if the characteristic is positive n, then antilog must have n+ | digits in its integral part. Rule 2: If the characteristic is negative n then antilog must have n— 1 zeros immediately following the decimal part. Short Cut Key In Antilog: 1 =0.Number 4 = 0.000 Number 2=0.0Number | 5= 0.000 Number 3 =0.00 Number | 6 = 0.00000 Number and So on MATHEMATICS NOTES IX Unir# 3 (LOGARITHMs) MULTIPLE CHOICE QuesIONS Unit # 03 MATHEMATICS 10th (Multiple Choice Questions) > LOGARITHMS ‘ADAMIEECOACHING. BLOGSPOT.COM IFlogyox = 3 then x = (a) 500 (700 If logyx = 2, then x = (a) 14 (128 The characteristic of log 19 is (a) 0 () 2 The characteristic of log 3.216 is {a)¥ 0 (c) 3 Common logarithm has the base {a) 2 (do on In scientific notation 0.00416 is written as - (a) 0.0416 x 107 0.416 x 107 (dV 4.16 «107 41.6 x10 In Standard form 2.35 x 10” is written as . (a) 2.35 0.0235 (0.00235 0.000235. logS + logs - log3 = (a) Slog 3log 40 40 5 (dv log> Blogs log50 can be written as (a) ¥_ log2 + 2logs log2 + logis () log2 + Slog? log? + logs ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOF.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX Unir# 3 (LOGARITHMs) MULTIPLE CHOICE QuesTIONS: 10. 3 is the characteristic in the logarithm of the number (a) 879.2 (b) 87.92 (c) 8.792 (d)v 8792 If log,8 = x then x = (a) 2 (b) 64 (a 2 (d)v 3 5 = 625 is written in the logarithmic form as . (a) logs = 625 (by loge4 = 625 (c)V log.625 =4 (qd) logy625 =5 Iflogasx = 5 then x= (a) 27 (a Ifantilog 3.8716 = 7440 and log x = 0.8716 then x= (a) 74.40 (b)v_ 7.440 (744.0 (a) 7440 If log 5 = 0.6990 and log3 = 0.4771, then loga5 = (a)v 1.6532 (b) (1.8751 (d) 3 log2 - 2 logS in the simplified form is 6 (a) logs (b) (vlog (a) If log,81 = 4 then x = {a)¥o3 (2 lflogs x= then x= (a) 2 {3 Blog2 + log3 + log. (a) 12 (dv 24 ADANEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX Unir# 3 (LOGARMHMs) MULTIPLE CHOICE QuesTiONs: 20. If log.64=x, thenx = (a) 2 () 0 Iflogs:9 = x, then x= (a) 3 () 4 Iflogxa9 = 2; x= (a) 6 (jv 7 If log35 + 1og36 = log3 x then x= (a)¥ 30 (20 log3 + log6 ~ log2 = log (a) 10 (Q 8 logx 36 = 2 then x= {a) 5 () 2 If log816 = x, then x = (av : () 2 log5 + log - Log 6 = (a) log? (Av Jog ‘The characteristic of log 0.00329 is (a) 1 (py 2 The characteristic of log 1.02 is (a) 1 (Qv 0 Iflogyo100 = x, then x = (a)v 2 (0 ADAMIEECOACHING.BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX Unir# 3 (LOGARMHMs) MULTIPLE CHOICE QuesTIONS 31. The characteristic of log 0.000753 is (a) 2 (b) (gO (d)v 3 The exponential form of y = log, xis . (a) (b)v at=x (d) asx’ The logarithmic form of a = x is “ (a)¥ logsx=y (b) log,a=x (c) bogey =a (d) logsy=x The integral part of logarithm is called . (a) determinant (b) Matrix (c)_ Mantissa (d}v_ Characteristic The fractional part of logarithm is called 5 (a) determinant (b) ~ set (c)v Mantissa (d) characteristic log $= : (a)¥_ log5 - log 3 (b) log 5 + Log 3 (c} log 15 (d) log 10 log729 = : (a) log3 (b)¥ 6log3 (c) log (d) log3 + log6 If log2 = 0.3010. log3 = 0.4771, log = 0.69901 then log30-= (a)v 1.4771 (b) 0.4771 (0.4771 (d) -4.4771 Iflog 2= 0.3010, log3 = 0.4771 then log6 = . (a)¥ 0.7781 (b) 0.7781 (co) 1.781 (d) 1.7781 For More Notes, Mcas, ONLINE Quizzes ADAMJEECOACHING. BLOGSPOT.COM ADANEECOACHING, BLOGSPOF.COM Unit # 4 Algebraic Expressions L_ ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIORS Related Def ions and Formulae Variables: A variable is a Symbol which represents every element of a given non-empty set. The given set is called the domain of the variable. The different e¢lements of the replacement set are the values of the variable Constant: A quantity whose value does not change in a Situation under consideration is called a constant. Coefficient: A Coefficient is a constant which is a multiplier of a variable. Algebraic expressions: A combination of variables and constants obtained by the algebraic operations (+ . —, x, +) and root extraction wl ) is said to be an algebraic expression or simply an expression. 2 e.g# 3a+5b,4x°-=+7, 4c 4xy—y? +4, dax 3b Kinds of Algebraic expressions: (J) Polynomial expression (or) polynomials: An expression of the form p(x) Sax" tap x7 bax to ap X + ay where n is a positive integer or zero, a, # 0 and the coefficients ag, aj, a3....-.. an are real numbers, is called a polynomial of degree n in one variable x. 3 o >.l e.g# (i) 3x7 + 5x41 iy 5x heat? (iii) xP +1 tivy2 (i) y-yel Polynomials in tow variables: Polynomials in two variables x and y have terms of the type. ax™y", where m,n are non-negative integers and a #0. e.git ax*y’ +xy?=x-yte, ax’y, 4x? - 3y', (2) Rational Expression: An expression which can be written in the form of me > q(x) # O (where p (x) and q(x) are polynomials) and is called a rational expression. ax’ + bx +e dx+e An algebraic expression which can not be written in the px) gtx) called an irrational expression. eg form of > 4x) # 0, where p(x), q(x), are polynomials is 3 egt Ky yz? eed Term: Every signed part of an, algebraic expression is said to be aterm. Like Terms: The terms whose variables and their powers are the same are called like terms. Un like terms: The terms whose variables or their powers are different are called unlike terms.. Classification of Polynomials: The polynomials can be classified with respect to their terms as under: i) Monomial: A polynomial consisting of only one term is called a monomial. eg Sx°y' , 3x%yz Unit # 4 Algebraic Expressions ii) Binomial: A polynomial consisting of two terms is called a binomial. egt 3x—4y, 7x°- Sxy"2*, (iii) Trinomial: A polynomial consisting of three terms is called trinomial. egt 2x°+5x—2,3x—Ty + 3z, x = 3xy —4x°2° ivy) Multinomial: Algebraic expression involving more than one term is called a multinomial. Degree of a polynomial: The sum of the powers of the variables in a non-zero term of a polynomial is called the degree of the term. The degree of a constant is zero. The degree of a polynomial is highest of the degree of each term, Order of Algebraic expressions: When in an algebraic expression with one variable, the exponent (power of the variable) gradually decreases from left to right, then the expression is said to be in descending order. e.gt x4 -5xh— x74 1 When in an algebraic expression with one variable, the exponent gradually increases from left to right, then the expression is said to be in ascending order. c.g# 1—x?-5x° +x", Remainder Theorem: The remainder theorem is stated as follows if a polynomial p (x) of degree n (n = 1) is divided by a linear polynomial the x — a, then the remainder r = p (a). Standard Algebraic formulae: dd) a(c+d)=ac+ad @Q) (x +a)(x +b) =x? + (a +b)x + ab (3) (a+b)? =a" + 2ab+b* (4) (a—b)’ =a? - 2ab+ b* ©) a’ —b’ =(a—b)(a +b) (a+ by =(a—b)* + dab (a— by’ = (a+b)? — 4ab (a+b)? (a—b)? =4ab (a+b) +(a—b)’=2 (a +b) (a+ by =a° + 3a°b + Bab? +b? =a’ +b? +3ab (a+b) (a— by =a? — 3a + 3ab>~ b° =a’ -b'-3ab (a—b) a? +b’ = (a+ bya? — ab+b’) ab—b’ =(a— bya’ + ab+b") (atb+c) =a" +b? +c? +2ab + 2be + 2ac a+b’ +c?—3abe = (a+b +cMa + b+ ¢ —ab—be-ac) MATHEMATICS NOTES IX UNIT 4 (ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Unit # 04 MATHEMATICS 10th (Multiple Choice Questions) => ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS ‘ADAMIEECOACHING. BLOGSPOT.COM 2x? + Sy+ i isa (a) Binomial Monomial (c)¥ Trinamial Not a polynomial 3x’y +5 is a polynomial of (a) degree one degree two ()¥_ degree three (d) degree zero 2° 5x+7 is a polynomial on (a) Natural numbers (b)) Integers (c}¥_ Rational numbers (d) Irrational numbers What should be added or subtracted from 9x” + 16y’ so as to make it a perfect square? (a) 12xy (b) 7xy (hv 24xy (d) 144xy (x6) (x-4)= (a)? +10x+24 (b} x? = 10x24 () +10x-24 (a)w x? = 10K + 24 (ath)? +(a—b)? (a) | 4ab (b) a+b? (QV) 2a? + 2b? 2ab Ifx4+y=8; xy=15 then’ +y?= (a) 94 (49 Ifx += 5, xy = 6 then x*#y"= (a)v 35 (dQ 107 ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX UNIT # 4 (ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 9, Ifx-y=4 then for (x - y)* = (4)° find which of the following sentence is correct? (a)V¥ x0 =y) = 12xy = 64 (b) x= y= 3xy=64 (08 -y-12 xy = 12 (d) -y- 4xy=64 (a—b-c) fa? +b4+ 2+ ab - bet ac} = (a) a +b’+c°+3abe (b) a’ -b? +e? +3abe () a’=b’ +c? =3abe (d)v a= b*=c?=3abe x‘ +64 can be made a perfect squarebyadding_— (a) 8x (b) 4x? (c)v 16x" (d) 64x" should be added to x‘ +4 to make it a perfect square. (a) 4x" (b) 2x? (cv 4x" (d) 4x should be added to 16a” + Bab to make it a perfect square. (a) (b) 2b? (dv (d) - 2b? should be added to y7 +1 to make it a perfect square. (av (b) = 2y (d (d) oy should be added to a” - 4ab to make it a perfect square. (a) (b)b (c) (d)v 4b? should be added to 4x” + 12x to make it a perfect square. (a) (b)v 9 (c) (4) 15 should be added to make a’ - 3a, a perfect square. (a) 9 (b) 1/9 (4/9 (d)v 9/4 The degree of polynomial 8x’y? ~ 5x°y5 = xy’ is (a) 5 (b}v 9 () 7 (a) 8 ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX UNIT # 4 (ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 19. To make x? - 8x a perfect square should be added te it. (a) 4 (b) 8 (jv 16 (d) 25 should be added to 9a"b* -12abc to make it a perfect square. (a)¥ 4c (b) = 4c? (c) (d) 4 should be added to a + 3ab + 4b* to make it a perfect square. (a)v (b) 2ab (a (d) 8ab should be added to a” + Gab to make it a perfect square. (av (b) b* (cd (d) 6b” To make a? + “a perfect square what should be add (a) 4/2 (b) v. a/2 () 4/4 (a) a The degree of the polynomial x" +x? y" + y’ is (a) 5 (b)v 4 () 3 (a) 2 The degree of polynomial x° + x7y° +" is (a) 5 (b) () 10 (d)v (a—b) (a +b) (a? +b?) = (a)v a'-b* (b) (c) a-b* (d) (a+b)? -(a-b)*= (a) 8ab (dv 4ab a’+b*43ab (a+b)= (a) (a+by (a+b) () (aby (a-by ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX UNIT# 4 (ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 29. if x=4 =Sthenx’+—= x ¥ (a) 30 (b) 25 (dv 27 (4) 3 Ifa-b=6, a+b=5 thena’-b*= . (a) 25 (b) 27 (dv 30 (d) 9 a-—b-(atb) = (a) 2b (b) 4b (2a (d)v - 2b (C= 8) = (x=2)= : (a)v P+ 2x44 (b) x -2x44 () xt 2x=4 (d) 9? +2x-4 Find the value of x° - y* - ifx=0,y=2andz=~-1. (a)v -7 (b) 7 () 8 (d) -8 3x? - y" is a polynomial of variables. (a) Three (b) four (c}¥_ Two (4) One Subtract (4x" - 2x +6) from (2x" + Sx +9) is . (a) 2x7 + 7x43 (b) Vo -2x7 + 7x +3 () 2x? =7x43 (d) 2x*=7x-3 wad x (a) x-4 ()v x42 (x+a) (x +b) = (a) x? = (a+b) x=ab x? + (a+b) x+ab (c) x? = (a+b) x+ab x? + (a+b) x—ab The root of the x*- 6x +11x-6=0 (a) 3 (dv 1 ADAMIEECOACHING. BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX UNIT # 4 (ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 39. A polynomial consisting of only one term is called a (a) Binomial (b) ¥V- Monomial (c} Trinomial (d) Multinomial 10x’y’ + 20xy + 50 is a polynomial of degree (a) 2 (b) 4 ()v 5 (d) 10 3,/yz? is an example of expression. (a)¥_ fractional (b) Rational () Binomial (d) Trinomiat Multiply with the help of formula(a-b+c-d)(a-b-c+d)=__ (a)v a’ +b?=c?-d? = 2ab + 2cd (b) a? +b? +c? +d? = 2ab + 2cd (c) a+b? +c?+d?- 2ab- 2cd (d) a+b? +ch+d?+2ab +2cd Multiply with the help of formula (x° + y°) (x* - y") (24 y"") @ xy" (bv 8 -y" (c) xy"? (dy x-y Multiply with the help of formula (ya — Vb) (a + Vab + b) = (a) a-b (o) va-vb (dv ava—bvb (d) a-b? ay) oer= Vey =. (a) ey (b)v ey fe) seMayen a) xy" Every signed part of an algebraic expression is said to be a (a) Coefficient (b) Vo Term (co). variable (d) constant The terms whose variables and their powers are the same are called terms. (a) unlike (b) binomial (c)v like (a) Monemial ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX UNIT # 4 (ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QuesTIONS 48. The terms whose variables or their powers are different are called terms. (a) Binomial (b}¥ Unlike (like (d) Trinomial (2a + 3m)? - (2 2- 3m)? = (a) -27Am (b) (dv 244m (d) (a-b)* + Sabla - b) = (a) a+b? (b} (Qv a’-b? (d) (a +b)" - 3ab(a +b) = (a) a=b? (b)¥ () a-b (qd) {a-b)?+2ab= (a) a-b* (b) (dv a+b (d) {a-b)’-(a+b)= (a) 4ab (b) Bab (ce) ac (d)v -4ab A quadratic polynomial is a polynomial of degree (a) 3 (b) 4 (doo (d)v 2 A polynomial of degree 1 is called polynomial. (a) © cubic (b} Biquadratic (ce) quadratic (d)v_ linear ‘The degree of a constant is . lav 0 (b) 1 () -1 (6) 2 The sum of the powers of the variables in a non-zero term of a polynomial is called the of the term. (a)v¥ degree (b) Monamial () Trinomial (J) Multinomial ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX UNIT # 4 (ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QuesTIONS 58. A polynomial consisting of two terms is called a (a) Monomial (b) — Trinomial (QV Binomial (d} Multinomial A polynomial consisting of three terms is called (a) Monomial (b)¥. Trinamiat (c) Binomial (d)— Multinomial The sentence 2x° - 5x*- 7x +9 has been written in the order. (a) Descending (b) Ascending (c} polynomial! (d) None of these (8x° — 12x" + 20x? - 18x) + 2x = : (a) 4x*+6x?+10x+9 (b}v 4x - 6x?+ 10x-9 (c) 4x*= 6x? = 10x=9 (d) 4x?=6x?+10x +9 {atbecP=a' +b +c® (a) 2ab- 2be - 2ac (b) | =2ab- 2be - 2ac (}V 2ab + 2be + 2ac (d) 2ab + 2be- 2ac Ifa =2,b = -3 and c= 0 find the value of a” + 3c - 4ab* = (a) 200 (b) 100 (jv 220 (d) 400 ax? + bx’ + ex +d is an example of polynomial. (a) quadratic (b) Linear (c)_ Biquadratic (d)¥ cubic The descending order of the given expression 8 - 7y° + y° + 6y‘is (av -7y¥ +6y+y+8 (b) 7° +6y'+y'-8 (. -7¥'-6y'-y'-8 (4) -7y-6y'ty'+8 For More Notes, Mcas, ONLINE Quizzes ADAMIJEECOACHING. BLOGSPOT.COM ADANHEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM FACTORIZATION, HEE, c. F, LC.M, SIMPLIFICATION AND SQUARE ROOTS Related Definitions and Formul: Factor: A factor of an algebraic expression is one or two or more algebraic expression whose product is the given algebraic ‘expression. eg# 30=2x3x5 -4=(x-2)(X +2) Factorization: The process of finding the factors of a polynomial is called factorization. (q+ &)(q -&) = q~ eos voip WUT F = Aq Fv) asn uayy + (a8 — 99 — qu—_o +e) qawiasueny jeiods, Sorenbg Ur Sutioy saa ATENbS OIC We SULIT OAL, t Si19} INO) SUTAPOAU] Bunedoy (¢) Bulyvaiq wus) apppiu AL (Z) 14 WTF = (GF b) repnuetoy Aa (7) Fs Guyvosg MLIOP OPP) 987] SuLyVAaIG WD) d| PPI] TST] SIENDS JIIAI U id} OAK SIBALS SGpaad Wr way su t t t T \ (domo; AI) stay do1y | SUTApOAN] gez jo 19eqng +b ENG 2 t= q+ $ 2\g-B)= g - e Tas7 pure ppv treday oy :asq) (q Pq +B) = .q - 2s) UIs DA+ S} UDoAIOq UL uSis aa— st woanyag Ul UBIS 9A4 SI Md4N}0q UL UIs dA— SEUdoMNOg UL ot aqns Jaayiad st Yrog auenbs joay.iad st yjog t —- _t (uounuog Arp) sta] OL BurApoauy, YUOHez10JIvf Jo sanbiugIay, WasIIG 5 } ' i 5 = g : 4 i Factors of the expression of the type ax” + bx +c: for finding the factors of the polynomial x? + px + q the factors a and b of q (being the third term) are found such that their sum (a + b) is equal to p, the Coefficient of the middle term. os for finding the factors of ax? + bx + c we follow these steps. (i) find “a” the Coefficient of x’, “b’ The Coefficient of x and ‘c” the constant term. (ii) find two numbers p,g such that p + q = b and pq = ac (iii) The factors of ax? + bx + ¢ are (ax + p) and (x + q). Factors of the expression of the form a” (b — c) + b* (c — a) + 2 first we will have to resolve the expression a°b — a’c + b’c — b’a + ca — c’b rearrange the terms, which will be suitable for finding the factors of the a°b — ab? - a’c + b’c + ac? — be? ab (a—b)—c (a —b*) +.¢7 (a—b) ab (a= b)-c (a- bya +b) +c (a—b) (a—b) {ab—c (a+ b) +7} (a—b) {ab-ac—be +07} {a—b) {a(b-—c)—c(b-c)} (a—b) (b-c)(a=c) Factorization by Using Remainder Theorem: Let p (x) be a polynomial Such that when we divide a polynomial p (x) by a linear polynomial (x — a), we get another polynomial q (x) as quotient and r as remainder. Then we can write as p (x) = q (x) (x-a) +r Remainder theorem: If P(x) is divided by x - a then the remainder is p (a) if p (a) is zero, then x — a is a factor of p(x). Unit #5 Factorization, H.C.F, LCM, Simplification and Square Roots To guess the roots of a given polynomial p (x) are write the factors (or divisors) of its constant term. One or more. of these factors may be roots of p(x). e.g# find the factors of x* + 8x* + 19x + 12 by using remainder theorem. Solution: Let P (x) = x° + 8x? 4+ 19x + 12 The divisors of 12 are £1, +2, £3, £4, +6, +12 put x = -1 then put x =—] then P(-1)=(-1)° +8 (-1)? + 19 (-1) + 12 =-1+8-19+12 = -2 + 26 =0 Thus x + | is.one of the factor of p (x). Now dividing the p (x) by x + 1. + 7x4 12 + 8x7 + 19x + 12 3 py? > Tf + 19x +12 7x me —W2x +2 x? + 8x? + 19x 4 12 (x+ 1)(x? + 7x + 12) xP 48x? + 19x + 12 (xt 1? + 3x + 4x + 12) x3 4.8x? + 19x + 12 (x + 1){x (x +3) + 4(x + 3)} x4 8x7 + 19x + 12 (x + D(x + 30K + 4) Highest_ Common Factor: Highest Common factor is also known as Greatest Common divisor (G.C.D). H.C.F or G.C.D of two or more than two polynomials is the product of their sommon factors. The H.C.F or G.C.D exactly divides each of the given polynomials. The following are two methods are used for finding the H.CF of the given polynomials. . (a) Factor Method: for finding the H.CF of the given polynomials, first we find their factors. Then, take the product of. their common factors. This product of Common factors is known as H.C.F or G.C_D. e.g#l find the H.C.F of 8x°y" and 12x?y Solution: 8x*y’=2x2x2KxxxXxKXyXy 12x°y=2x2X3XXXxXY Here the Common factors are 2,2,x,x and y HCF = 2x2xxxxxy=4x’y e.g.#2find the H.C.F of 4a” + 4ab — 15b?, : 2a? + Tab — 15b? and 6a7 + ab — 15b? Solution: 4a° + 4ab — 15b” = da? + 10ab — Gab - 15b? = 2a (2a + 5b) — 3b (2a + 5b) = (2a + 5b) (2a ~ 3b) 2a? + Tab = 15b? = 2a? + 10ab — 3ab - 15b?” = 2a (a + 5b) — 3b (a + 5b) = (a + 5b) (2a — 3b) 6a’ +ab- 15b? = 6a" — 9ab + 10ab - 15b? = 3a (2a — 3b) + 5b (2a — 3b) = (2a - 3b) (3a + 5b) Here (2a — 3b) is the only common factor . (b) Division Method: In this method we divide a polynomial with greater degree by the other polynomial and proceed as in the case of H.CF of numbers. Unit #5 Factorization, H.C.F, L.C.M, Simplification and Square Roots eg# find the H.C.F of x? — 6x? + 8x and x? + 3x — 28 by division method. Solution: 43x -28 = 6x? + 8x x? 4 3x? = 28x ; ~ + We get 63x — 252 as remainder. Note the degree of the remainder is lower than the degree of the divisor. Divide x? + 3x ~ 28 after ignoring the factor 63. Now x —4 exactly divides x? + 3x — 28 H.C.F=x-4 Least Common Multiple (L.C.M): L.C.M ‘is the polynomial of least degree among all common multiples. The L.C.M of two or more polynomials is found by the following two methods. (a) By Factorization: The product of the Common and the non-common factors of polynomials is known as L.C.M of the given polynomials. e.g#l find the L.C.M of 27x’y* and 12x°y°. Solution: ey = DID BADVOIOMNHYHNY) 12x'y"= DAMMWMOMOMWO) L.OM = BB 3 (DOOONHO OY) L.C.M = 108x*y* e.g#2 find the L.C.M of x? + 4x +3, x°+5x +6 and x7 + 7x + 12 Solution: Nedxt3 = x43x4x43 x(x +3) +1 (x +3) (x+3)(x +1) () x4 5x +6 x°4+3x+2x+6 X(x+3)+2(x +3) (+3) (+2) (2) x? + 7x4 12 x? 44x 43x 412 X(x +4) +3 (x+4) = (x+4)(x+3) (3) by(1), (@)&(3) L.CM = (x +1) + 2)(x +3) (x44 (b) By H.CLF: Since H.C.F x L.C.M = First polynomial x second polynomial _ First polynomial x Second polynomial LOS HLCF Note: If any three of these elements are known, then the fourth element can be found. This result is true only for two polynomials. e.g# find the L.C.M of the polynomials. 2x4 + 3x3 — 13x? = 7x + 15 and 2x! + x3 — 20x? - 7x +24 by H.C.F method. Solution: first we find the H-C.F of the given polynomials by division method. Unit #5 Factorization, H.C.F, L.C.M, Simplification and Square Roots 1 2x! + x? — 20x? - 7x + 24 Gon ecg —Ax! +x) — 20x? = Tx +24 $8 tO DURE 2x3 + 70-9 Z + x9 — 20x? - 7x +24 —pxt 47x ~ 9x = + — 69° — 20x? + 2x + 24 = 21x" a? : x 2x -3 x? 42x -3 ys 2x +3 — Dx? + 4x? 6x - + EL 3x? + bx ae 0 H.CF of the given polynomial = x* + 2x ~ 3 CM ox 44 3x3 = 13x? = 7x + 15)(2x4 + x? — 20x? - 7x + 24) (¢ + 2x- 3) If we divide 2x‘ + 3x? — 13x? — 7x + 15 by x” +2x—3 x 4+2x-3 lin Ix? -x-5 +x? + 6x" ~f- TC - 7x 415 PERE = 10x + ~~ Oo L.C.M = (2x? — x — 5) (2x* +x? — 20x? — 7x + 24) The Square root of an Algebraic expressions: We have two methods for finding the see root of the given algebraic expressions. ‘a) by factor Method: e.g# Extract the square root of . 64a* — 112a°b? + 49b* using factor method Solution; = 64a‘ — 112a°b* + 49b* = (8a’) - 2(8a") (7b) + (7b’? AA (a- by =a'4 2ab +b} 5 (8a*-7b?)? required square root = 8a” - 7b” (b) Square root by division Method: e.g# find the square root of 4a" + 8a° + 8a" + 4a + | by division method. Solution: 2a? +2a41 pees _ 4 pee — Ba + 4a? Unit #5 Factorization, H.C.F, LCM, Simplification and Square Roots The required square root = 2a? +2a+ 1 Note: as poototraloel ok premion = Square root of Numerator square root of ral Pression = square root of Denominator MATHEMATICS NOTES IX UNIT 5 (FACTORIZATION, HCF, LCM, SIMPLIFICATION AND SQUARE ROOTS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Unit # 05 MATHEMATICS 10th (Multiple Choice Questions) > FACTORIZATION, HCF, LCM, SIMPLIFICATION AND SQUARE ROOTS ‘ADAMIEECOACHING. BLOGSPOT.COM Factors of x*- Sx +6 are . (a) (x# 1), 6) (b)v (x= 2), (x= 3) () (x#6), (x= 1) (dh (x+ 2), (x 3) The two numbers, whose sum is -13 and product -30 are (a) 2,15 (bv 2,-15 (c) 3,10 (d) 3,10 x" + 64 can be made a perfect square by adding (a) 8x? (ob) -8x7 (hv 16x" (a) ae 8x? + 27y* = ( ) (a) (2x +3y) (4x? + 9y") (b) (2x- 3y) (4x? - ay’) (Vv (2x + 3y) (4x? - 6xy + 9y’) (d) (2x - 3y) (4x? + 6xy + Sy’) H.C.F.ofa’+banda*’-ab+btis_ (a) a+b (b)Vv a? -ab +b () (a-b) (a) a+b? LOM, offa-b)iand(a-byis_ ss (a) (a=b) (b) (a-b) (v (a-by’ (4) (a-b)? a i — Soa tay can be simplified as a fab (@) saa Sao? (av oars] =F Factorize of ax+by-bx-ay =___ (a)v. (a=b) x =y) (a+b) (x+y) (c) (ab) &+y) (a+b) (x-y) ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPO.COM MATHEMATICS NOTES IX UNIT# 5 (FACTORIZATION, HCF, LCM, SIMPLIFICATION AND SQUARE ROOTS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS The H.C.F. of a’ +b*anda+b is (a) a-b (c) -a-b 9. The L.C.M. of a’~b® anda - bis (a) a+b? (cv a*-b® The L.C.M. of a*~b* and a? + bis (a) a‘+b* () -a'+b* Factorize a‘b? - ab‘ = a*b* (a) a+b? (a+b? a? - 125b? = (a - 5b) ( (a) a? =Sab-25b" (Va? +Sab+25b? (b)v (4) (b) (a) (ev (d) (ov (d) (b) (d) atb -atb -a'+b> -a°-b* bt -a'-b* (a-b) (a+b) a-b* a°—Sab +25b* a? Sab =25b" a?—b* +e? + 3abe=(a—b +e) ). a= b?-c? +ab—ac + be a=b?-c+ab+ac+be (a) (Q H.C.F. of x” +x - 6 and x”— 7x+10is {a)¥ x-2 () x-3 LCM. of x? +x —6 and «7x + 10is (a) (x -%-6)(x-5) () (@+x=6) (x #5) Factorization of a*+a~-2is (a) (a-2) (a-1) (QV. (a+2)(a-4) Factorization of a‘ - b*is (a)¥_ (a~b) (a+b) (a? +53) (c) (ab) (a+b) (a’-b*) H.C.F. of a= b® and a*—b’ is (a) a+b () a+b? ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM (b) (d)v (b) (d) (ev (d) (b) (4) ro (a) (b)v (b) abc? ab-ac- be atb'=c+ab-ac+ be x+2 x43 Ge x6) (x5) (x? -x +6) (x- 5) (a+2){a+1) (a+1)(a-1) (a-b)(a~b) (a - b) (a—b}(a+b) (a+b) a-b a—b* MATHEMATICS NOTES IX UNIT# 5 (FACTORIZATION, HCF, LCM, SIMPLIFICATION AND SQUARE ROOTS) MULTIPLE CHOICE QuesTIONS 20. H.C.F. of a’- 4a +3 anda’ -5a+6is (a) a+3 (b) (Vv a-3 (d) at+4 a-4 L.C.M. of a® + 4a +3 and a’ +3a+2anda°+5a+6is (a)¥ (a+1) (a +2)(a+3) (b) (c) (a+) {a #2)(a-3) (ay H.C.F. of x? = 4, x? = 1is . (a) xed (b) (jv x-2 (d) H.C.F. of x* =a", x? + a7 is . (a) x-a (b)v () x-a (d) H.C.F. of x°- a®, x*— af is . (a)v x=" (b) (ho x-a (d) H.C.F. of x? + ax - 6a”, x” - Sax - 24a? is (a) x-3a (b)v (cc) x=2a (d) H.C.F. of x” + ax ~ Sa”, x” - Sax+da’ is {a)V¥ x-a (b) () x#b (d) The G.C.D. of 18x°y’ and 12x°y* is (a) 6x'y? (b)v () ~6x’y? (4) The L.C.M. of 4x” and 5x is : (a) 4x? (by (c)v. 20x” (d) (a-1)(a-2)a-3) (a-1) (a+ 2) (a+3) x+2 K-2 xta x-b oxy” xy 5x 20x* For More Notes, Mcas, ONLINE QUIZZES ADAMJEECOACHING. BLOGSPOT.COM ADANIEECOACHING, BLOGSPOT.COM | ~ ALGEBRAIC SENTENCES Related Definitions and Formulae Algebraic Sentences: A meaningful collection of words. is called a sentence. An algebraic sentence consists of following. (i) Constants and Variables. (ii) The symbols of fundamental operations. 4,-.x,+,4 and (iii) Relational operators =, #,<, >. A TYPES OF ALGEBRAIC SENTENCES: (1) Correct Sentences: The sentence which are true according to the given condition are called correct sentences. eg tt 34+5=8,24+3=5, 5<6 (2) Incorrect Sentences: The sentences which are not true according to the given condition are called incorrect sentences. eg #z9-7=5, 10+2$3, 3x4=7 (3) Open Sentences: If we can not decide about the correctness or incorrectness of sentences unless the information are given about those sentences, such sentences are called open sentences. eg #ix +3 = 12, yry'=6 Equation: An open sentences involving the sign of equality “x is called conditional equation (or) simply equation the value of unknown (variable) for which given equation becomes true is called a root of the equation. All values of the variable for which an open sentence becomes correct sentence is called the solution set of the given sentence. Identity: An equation which is satisfied for all values of the variable is called Identity. Simultaneous Equations: Two simple equations for two variables and we have to find the value of these variables. Which Unit # 6 Algebraic Sentences satisfy both the equations of the same. time. Such equations are called Simultaneous equations. Solution _of Simultaneous _linear equations: The following methods are given below to solve the simultaneous linear equations. (i) — Substitution Method (ii) Comparison Method (iii) Elimination (or) Equating the coefficient method (iv) Graphical Method Solution of the equations Involving Radicals in one variable: An equation containing one or more radical expressions involving unknown is called a radical equation (or) irrational . _ equation. eg# 3Vy-vVy+1l=2and y-1=8 The value of the variable of a radical equation obtained by solving the equation not satisfying the equation is called extraneous root of the equation. Ordered Pair: An ordered pair consists of two elements x and y. The notation of an ordered pair is (x , y) where x is the first element and y is the second. Co-ordinate System: (1) Consider two real number lines, one vertical and one horizontal. The horizontal line is called the x-axis and vertical line is y-axis. The point of intersection of the two axes is called Origin. These lines are called ordinates or axes This two dimensional system is called Cartesian coordinate system or simply coordinate system. The plane determined by the x and y- axes is called a coordinate plane (or) xy-plane. Each ordered pair can be represented by one and only one point in the xy-plane. The lines divide the plane into four regions called quadrants are numbered as I, II, II and IV.

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