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Integration Part2

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Integration Part2

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7rkknaauxljk
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RL EDUCATION

Rethink Reshape Reinvent

Finding area using rectangles.


i) Left (end) rectangle: ii) Right (end) rectangle:

Draw the rectangles from 0 to 4 with 1 unit of width.

iii) Upper rectangle: iv) Lower rectangle:


Overestimate Underestimate

Q: For question iii) and iv) state the expression of the app. Area. Upper / Lower rectangle
≠
Left / Right rectangle.

17. Use the right rectangle to approximate the area of the region enclosed by the graph of
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑒 𝑥 , the x-axis and the lines 𝑥 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 5 with the width of 1 unit per rectangle.

x 2 − 1 , x < −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 1
18. Estimate the area under the graph 𝑓(𝑥) = { for 𝑥 = −2 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 2, using left-end
1 − x2 , −1≤x≤1
𝟏
point rectangles with the width of unit.
𝟐

83 Copyright© RL EDUCATION 2023 Part 1 Mathematical Methods Unit 3 and 4


RL EDUCATION
Rethink Reshape Reinvent

19. Estimate the area which enclosed by the curve 𝑦 = √9 − 𝑥 2 and the x-axis. By using:

i) Right-rectangle approximation with the width ii) The Mid-point rectangles with the width of
of 1unit. 2 units.

iii) Lower rectangles approximation with the iv) Hence, find the percentage error in this
width of 1 unit. approximation

The definite integral is the limiting value of a sum


𝑛
𝑏
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = lim ∑ 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )𝛿𝑥
𝑎 𝛿𝑥→0
𝑖=1

Where the interval [ 𝑎, 𝑏 ] is partitioned into n equal sub-intervals.

Exam style Question:

20. The interval [0,4] is divided into n equal 21. The interval [0,4] is divided into n equal
subintervals by the points 𝑥0 , 𝑥1 … . . , 𝑥𝑛 , subintervals by the points 𝑥0 , 𝑥1 … . . , 𝑥𝑛 ,
where 𝑥0 = 0, 𝑥1 = 1 … . 𝑥𝑛 = 4. where 0 = 𝑥0 < 𝑥1 < ⋯ < 𝑥𝑛 = 4.
Let 𝛿𝑥 = 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥𝑖−1 for 𝑖 = 1,2, … 𝑛 Let 𝛿𝑥 = 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥𝑖−1 for 𝑖 = 1,2, … 𝑛

Find ∑𝑛𝑖=1( √𝑥 𝛿𝑥) Find lim ∑𝑛𝑖=1( √𝑥 𝛿𝑥)


δx→0

84 Copyright© RL EDUCATION 2023 Part 1 Mathematical Methods Unit 3 and 4


RL EDUCATION
Rethink Reshape Reinvent

Average value of a function

If f is a continuous function on the interval[𝑎, 𝑏], then the average (or mean) value of f on [𝑎, 𝑏] is given by:
𝒃
𝟏
𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒆 = ∫ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝒃−𝒂 𝒂

22. Find the average value of the function over the interval.
𝜋
i) 𝑔(𝑥) = 5 − 3𝑥 2 ; 𝑥 ∈ [0, 4] ii) 𝑚(𝑡) = cos 𝑡 ; ≤𝑡≤𝜋
2

23. Find the value of c such that 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝑓(𝑐 − 1) for 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4 on the interval [0, 3].

24. A function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is negative for all values of x. If the area of the function on the interval [1, 5] is 3,
what is the average value of the curve on the same interval?

25. The graph of a function f is show below. Find the average value
of the function 𝑓 over the following intervals:

i. 𝒙 ∈ [−𝒂, 𝟎] ii. 𝒙 ∈ [𝟎, 𝒂] iii. 𝒙 ∈ [−𝒂, 𝒂]

85 Copyright© RL EDUCATION 2023 Part 1 Mathematical Methods Unit 3 and 4

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