(Experiment 1)

PRACTICAL SKILL ASSESSMENT (CLO2) ATTAINMENT

S1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
A. Appropriate Equipment/ components
S3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
B. Circuit Wiring
S3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
C. Component and circuit test S2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
D. Troubleshooting S2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
REPORT ASSESSMENT (CLO2)
Discussion/ Analysis (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
Conclusion (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
Practical REPORT
REG. TOTAL
BIL GROUP MEMBERS Skill Discussion Conclusion
NO.
40 70% 20 10 30% 100%
S1
S2
S3
S4

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 1

 Rubric For Practical Work (Experiment 1)
1. PRACTICAL SKILL RUBRIC (CLO 2) – PSYCHOMOTOR EVALUATION (70%)

SCORE DESCRIPTION
ASPECT NOT COMPETENT MODERATELY COMPETENT COMPETENT
0-3 4-7 8-10
A. Appropriate Incorrect of use of Able to partially use the right Able to use the right
Equipment/ equipment/ components equipment/ components equipment/
components components
B. Circuit Wiring Unable to wire PLC circuit Able to partially wire PLC Able to succesfully wire
circuit PLC circuit
C. Component and Unable to identify the test Able to partially test the Able to succesfully test
circuit test points on the circuit. Unable circuit and partially identify all circuit and identify all
to collect the result the test points. Able to the test points. Able to
collect the result collect all the result
D. Troubleshooting Unable to identify the failure Able to partially identify the Able to succesfully
of the program/ circuit wiring. failure of the program/ troubleshoot the
Unable to do troubleshooting circuit wiring. Able to programand circuit
partially do troubleshooting wiring.

2. SCHEMA FOR ASSESSING LAB REPORTS (CLO 2) - (NOTE: it is assumed that all lab reports will be word
processed) (30%)

0-3 4-7 8-10

ITEM Satisfactory Good Excellent

All-important trends and data

Some of the results have been Almost all of the results have
comparisons have been
correctly interpreted and been correctly interpreted and
interpreted correctly and
discussed; partial but incomplete discussed, only minor
discussed, good understanding
understanding of results is still improvements are needed
Discussion/ of results is conveyed
evident. Analyzes and interprets Analyzes and interprets data
Analysis Always analyzes and interprets
data correctly occasionally; correctly most of the time;
data correctly and precisely;
occasionally compares theory compares theory against
always compares theory
against experimental data and experimental data and calculates
against experiment and
calculates related error. related error most of the time.
calculates related error.
Conclusions regarding major All-important conclusions have All-important conclusions have
points are drawn, but many are been drawn, could be better been clearly made, student
misstated, indicating a lack of stated. Has very good shows good understanding.
Conclusions
understanding. Has some understanding of the Fully understands the
understanding of the experiment, experiment, its purpose and experiment, including its
its purpose and results. results. purpose and results.

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 2

EXPERIMENT 1
TITLE INTRODUCTION TO RELAY AND CONTACTOR
OBJECTIVES At the end of this lab session, student should be able to:
1. Understand operation of relays and contactors
2. Identify function part of relays and contactor
3. Construct the circuit of relays and contactor
4. Draw various type symbol of relay
EQUIPMENT 1. PLC CP-1E (TRAINING KIT)
2. AC magnetic contactor (TRAINING KIT)
3. Relay
4. Contactor
5. Screw driver (plus or minus)
THEORY INTRODUCTION

1. RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch/electromagnetically actuated
switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field
which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can
be ON or OFF so relays have two switch positions and most have double
throw (changeover) switch contacts.

Figure 1.1: Actual Relay Building Diagram

a) Types of Relays
Relays are usually SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) or DPDT (Double
Pole Double Throw) but they can have many more sets of switch contacts.
Poles: the number of sets of contacts
Throw: The number of positions or combinations (open or close) the contacts
have.

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 3

 Figure 1.2 Types of Relay

b) Symbol of Relay

Figure 1.3 Symbol of Relay

The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO:
COM - Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of the switch.
NC - Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.
NO - Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on.

c) Relay Building Diagram

Figure 1.4: Relay Building Diagram

d) How a Relay Works

When power is applied to the control circuit, current flow through
point 4 and 5 into the copper coil. An electro-magnetic field will occur and
energized the electromagnetic coil. The electromagnetic pulls the
lever/armature and contact toward the electromagnet. Thus, the contact will
move from 2 to 1. When power is removed, spring tension pushes the
lever/armature away thus; the contact is back to its initial conditions.
DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 4
2. CONTACTOR
Relays that can handle the high power required (higher current rating) to
directly control an electric motor or other load is called a contactor. A
contactor is an electrically controlled switch used for switching a power
circuit, similar to a relay except with higher current ratings. Contactors are
used to control electric motors, lighting, heating, capacitor banks, and other
electrical loads.

a) Symbol of contactor

Figure 1.5: Symbol of Contactor

b) Basic Component of Contactor:

A contactor has three components. The contacts are the current
carrying part of the contactor. This includes power contacts, auxiliary
contacts, and contact springs. The electromagnet provides the driving force
to close the contacts. The enclosure is a frame housing the contact and the
electromagnet.

Figure 1.6: Contactor Building Diagram

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 5

 A basic contactor will have a coil input (which may be driven by either
an AC or DC supply depending on the contactor design). The coil may be
energized at the same voltage as the motor, or may be separately controlled
with a lower coil voltage better suited to control by programmable controllers
and lower-voltage pilot devices.

Figure 1.7: Contactor Building Diagram

c) Contactor Operating Principle

When power is supplied to the coil from the control circuit, a
magnetic field is produced magnetizing the electromagnet. The magnetic field
attracts the armature to the magnet, which in turn closes the contacts. With
the contact closed, current flows through the power circuit from the line to
the load. When the electromagnet’s coil is de-energized, the magnetic field
collapses and the movable contacts open under spring pressure. Current no
longer flows through the power circuit.

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 6

 PROCEDURE:

LAMP 2 BUZZER

±24V DC

LAMP 1 LAMP 3 MOTOR

PLC
SOLENOID VALVE

RELAY 1 RELAY 2
START BUTTON STOP BUTTON

±24V DC

SENSOR

RESET BUTTON
SWITCH

Figure 1: PLC CP-1E (TRAINING KIT)

LAB TASK 1:

a) DEMONSTRATE CIRCUIT 1
1. Connect circuit 1 as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Circuit 1 Relay Connection

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 7
2. Switch on power supply and observe the operation when switch 1 in ON condition.
3. Explain the circuit 1 operation in detail.

b) DEMONSTRATE CIRCUIT 2

1. Connect circuit 2 as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Circuit 2 Relay Connection

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 8

 2. Switch on power supply, observe and record the operation when switch 1 in ON
condition.
3. Record your observation when the push button PB3 (stop button) is pressed.
4. Explain the circuit 2 operation in detail.

LAB TASK 2:
1. Given a screw driver and a set of contactor.
2. Open the contactor by using the screw driver. Then analyses the internal part of the
contactor.
3. Draw and label the internal structure of contactor in table 1 below.

Table 1: Draw an Internal Structure of Contactor

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 9

QUESTION/DISCUSSION:

1. Sketch the following types of relay.

a) 4PDT b) DPDT

CONCLUSION:

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 10

 (Experiment 2)

PRACTICAL SKILL ASSESSMENT (CLO2) ATTAINMENT

S1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
A. Appropriate Equipment/ components
S3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
B. Circuit Wiring
S3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
C. Component and circuit test S2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
D. Troubleshooting S2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
S4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
REPORT ASSESSMENT (CLO2)
Discussion/ Analysis (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
Conclusion (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10)
Practical REPORT
REG. TOTAL
BIL GROUP MEMBERS Skill Discussion Conclusion
NO.
40 70% 20 10 30% 100%
S1
S2
S3
S4

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 11

 Rubric For Practical Work (Experiment 2)
1. PRACTICAL SKILL RUBRIC (CLO 2) – PSYCHOMOTOR EVALUATION (70%)

SCORE DESCRIPTION
ASPECT NOT COMPETENT MODERATELY COMPETENT COMPETENT
0-3 4-7 8-10

A. Appropriate Incorrect of use of Able to partially use the right Able to use the right
Equipment/ equipment/ components equipment/ components equipment/
components components
B. Circuit Wiring Unable to wire PLC circuit Able to partially wire PLC Able to succesfully wire
circuit PLC circuit
C. Component and Unable to identify the test Able to partially test the Able to succesfully test
circuit test points on the circuit. Unable circuit and partially identify all circuit and identify all
to collect the result the test points. Able to the test points. Able to
collect the result collect all the result
D. Troubleshooting Unable to identify the failure Able to partially identify the Able to succesfully
of the program/ circuit wiring. failure of the program/ troubleshoot the
Unable to do troubleshooting circuit wiring. Able to programand circuit
partially do troubleshooting wiring.

2. SCHEMA FOR ASSESSING LAB REPORTS (CLO 2) - (NOTE: it is assumed that all lab reports will
be word processed) (30%)

0-3 4-7 8-10

ITEM Satisfactory Good Excellent

All-important trends and data

Some of the results have been Almost all of the results have
comparisons have been
correctly interpreted and been correctly interpreted and
interpreted correctly and
discussed; partial but incomplete discussed, only minor
discussed, good understanding
understanding of results is still improvements are needed
Discussion/ of results is conveyed
evident. Analyzes and interprets Analyzes and interprets data
Analysis Always analyzes and interprets
data correctly occasionally; correctly most of the time;
data correctly and precisely;
occasionally compares theory compares theory against
always compares theory
against experimental data and experimental data and calculates
against experiment and
calculates related error. related error most of the time.
calculates related error.
Conclusions regarding major All-important conclusions have All-important conclusions have
points are drawn, but many are been drawn, could be better been clearly made, student
misstated, indicating a lack of stated. Has very good shows good understanding.
Conclusions
understanding. Has some understanding of the Fully understands the
understanding of the experiment, experiment, its purpose and experiment, including its
its purpose and results. results. purpose and results.

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 12

EXPERIMENT 2
TITLE LOGICAL SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
OBJECTIVES At the end of this lab session, student should be able to:
1. Understand operation of sensors and actuators
2. Disassemble and Identify function part of sensors and
actuators
3. Identify the application of various sensors and actuators

EQUIPMENT 1. PLC CP-1E (TRAINING KIT)

2. Relay
3. Sensor
4. Actuator
THEORY INTRODUCTION

SENSORS
Sensors are used for detecting, and often measuring, the magnitude of
something. They convert mechanical, magnetic, thermal, optical, and
chemical variations into electric voltages and currents. Sensors are usually
categorized by what they measure, and they play an important role in
modern manufacturing process control. Sensors allow process controllers
such as PLC to detect the state of a process. Logical sensors can only detect a
state that is either true or false.

Types of Logical Sensor

1. CONTACT SWITCHES
Contact switches are available as normally open and normally closed
and detect object that touch a switch. Example:

a) Push Button

Figure 2.1: Push Button

b) Limit Switch

Figure 2.2: Limit Switch

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 13

c) Reed Switch

Figure 2.3: Reed Switch

2. PROXIMITY
Similar to contact switches but detect the presence of object
without physical contact. Two types of proximity sensor:

a) Capacitive
Capacitive sensors are able to detect metal and non-metal object at
distances up to a few centimeters. In the sensor the area of the plates
and distance between them is fixed. But, the dielectric constant of the
space around them will vary as different materials are brought near the
sensor.

Figure 2.4: Capacitive Sensor

b) Inductive
Inductive sensors use currents induced by magnetic fields to detect
nearby metal objects. The inductive sensor uses a coil (an inductor) to
generate a high frequency magnetic field. If there is a metal object near
the changing magnetic field, current will flow in the object. This resulting
current flow sets up a new magnetic field that opposes the original
magnetic field. The net effect is that it changes the inductance of the coil
in the inductive sensor. By measuring the inductance, the sensor can
determine when a metal have been brought nearby.

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 14

 Figure 2.5: Inductive Sensor

3. PHOTO OPTICS
Different sensing methods (or sensing modes) are possible with
photoelectric sensors. The most common methods are transmitted
beam, retro reflective, and diffuse.

Figure 2.6: Transmitted Beam

Figure 2.7: Retro Reflective

Figure 2.8: Diffuse

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 15

ACTUATORS
An actuator is a mechanical device for moving or controlling a mechanism
or system. It is a mechanical device that converts electrical energy into
motion. It is operated by a source of energy, usually in the form of an
electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure or pneumatic pressure, and
converts that energy into some kind of motion.

Types Of Actuators

a) Solenoid
A solenoid is an electromagnetic device that is used to convert
electrical energy into mechanical energy in the form of linear motion.
Solenoids have a movable iron core, called a plunger, and a coil of wire
wrapped around a hollow form.

Figure 2.9: Solenoid

b) Valve
Mechanical device that controls the flow of compressed air/fluid
within a system or process to produce a force in a reciprocating linear
motion. The flow of fluids and air can be controlled with solenoid
controlled valves

Figure 2.10: Valve

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 16

c) Cylinder
Mechanical devices which use the power of compressed air/fluid
to create a linear force/motion. Two types of cylinder; single acting
cylinder and double acting cylinder.

Figure 2.11: Cylinder

d) Motor
Electromechanical device that converts electrical energy to
mechanical energy. Device that produces linear or rotary force. There
are mainly three types of electric motor.
i) DC Motor (Shunt motor, Brushless DC motor)
ii) AC Motor (Synchronous motor, Induction motor)
iii) Other Motor (Stepper motor, Servo motor)

Figure 2.12: DC Motor

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 17

 PROCEDURE:

LAMP 2 BUZZER

±24V DC

LAMP 1 LAMP 3 MOTOR

PLC
SOLENOID VALVE

RELAY 1 RELAY 2
START BUTTON STOP BUTTON

±24V DC

SENSOR

RESET BUTTON
SWITCH

Figure 1: PLC CP-1E (TRAINING KIT)

LAB TASK 1:

a) DEMONSTRATE CIRCUIT 1
1. Connect circuit 1 as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Sensor Connection

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 18
 2. Switch on power supply and observe the operation when switch 1 in ON
condition.
3. Explain the circuit 1 operation in detail when sensor A and sensor B activate.

LAB TASK 2:

a) DEMONSTRATE CIRCUIT 2
1. From circuit 1, continue circuit 2 connection as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Actuator Connection

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 19

 2. Switch on power supply and observe the operation.
3. Explain the circuit 2 operation in detail.

QUESTION/DISCUSSION:

1. Based on your observation in circuit 1, state the types of sensor for sensor A and sensor B.

2. List the output devices (actuator) used in circuit 2.

CONCLUSION:

DEJ 40033 PLC & AUTOMATION 20