6.probability Lecture Sheet Solutions - Final - PMD
6.probability Lecture Sheet Solutions - Final - PMD
7 2.320
P
P(Bwins) = A B P A B A B ..... =
95
2
5. The prob of drawing ‘3’ defective items in ‘9’
31 1 31.5 31.5
4
= 36 6 36.6 36.6 ....
. 1 C3 .11 C6
draws = 15
C9
31 1 36.6 th th
P (10 item is 4 defcetive)
= .
36 6 36.6 31.5
= P(3 def. in draws 10th draw def.)
31 4
= C3 .11 C6 1
61 = 15 .
C9 6
P Awins 30
4
P Bwins 31 =
65
2. A- - - - - - - - B
6. Let a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 be ‘5’ natural no’s x =
17 stations
Train do not stop at 13 station for none of the a1.a2...........a5
stations out of 4 to be consecutive, the favourable The units place of a1.a2...........a5 can be can of
cases are 14C4 i.e, in between 13 station 0,1,2, ..........9
P(atleast 2 station to be consecutive) 5
n(s) = 10 .
= 1-P(none consecutive) For the units place of ‘a’ to be 2, on 4 can 6 can
14
C4 8, we must not have 0 (or) 5 in the units place of
= 1 17 any ai.
C4
5
no of way are 8
143 197
= 1 But all the numbers should not have 1,3,7,9 as
340 340
units place of ai at a time which can happen in
45 way
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Probability M ATHS
5 5
no of favourable case = 8 - 4 3.4 3
=
5
8 45
4 25
9925
26 5
prob = 5
n(s) = 25C3
5 5
10 5 5 9.
7. Two no’s x and y can be chosen from 1,2, d = 1 d=2
.........65 in 1,2,3 1,3,5
65
C2 ways n(s) = 65C2 2,3,4 2,4,6
d = 12
A = Event that x4 - y4 is divisible by 5.
23,24,25 21,23,25
x4 - y4 = (x - y) (x + y) (x2 + y2) 1,13,25
Arrange the no’s as 23 21
1,6,11, ..........61 1
2,7,12,...........62 n(A) = 23 + 21 +......+ 3 + 1 = 144
3,8,13,..........63
144 12.12.3.2.1 36
4,9,14,..........64 P(A) = 25 C 25.24.23 575
5,10,15,........65 3
24 49 73
=
115 115 115
P A
11. n(s) = 15C3 = 455
E1 E2
A = Event of selecting 3 persons of 15 such that
P A .P E1 E2 no two are adjacent to each other
A
n(A) = Total-(All three are together)
P A .P E1 E2 P A P E1 E2 -(Exactly ‘2’ are together)
A A 15
= C3 - 15 - 15(15 - 4)
= 455 - 15 - 165 = 275
1 3 4
. . n A 275 55
9 4 5 P A
=1 3 4 8 1 1 n S 455 91
. . . .
9 4 5 9 4 5
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Probability M ATHS
12. n(s) = 64C2 1000
A = Event that there is exactly one cooner same 11 90
11
for the selected small squares
1 100
n A 4 1 24 2 36 4 no of no’s < 100 and dirisble by 11 9
2 11
=98 no of three digit no’s divinble by 11 = 90-9 = 81.
It is given that the three digit no is divisble by 11. for
n A 98.2 7 the same no to be divisible by 9, it should be
P A
nS 64.63 144 divisible by 99.
13. Q = {1,2,3,4,5,6} no of no’s < 1000 divisible by
a, b, c Q 1000
3 99 10
n (s) = 6 99
A. Event that ax2 + bx + c is positive for any reat 100
value of ‘x’. no of no’s < 100 divisible by 99 1
99
For A to happen, < 0 which is same as total
no of cases when 0. no of three digited no’s divible by 99 = 10-1
=9
ac a c 4ac 0 no of
b values way 9 1
Read prob =
81 9
1. 1 1 4 2,3, 4,5, 6 5
15. A = Event of getting sum 13 when 4 dice are
2 1 rolled
2. 8 3, 4,5, 6 8
1 2 E = Event of getting atlean one 4.
3 1 n E A
3. 12 4,5, 6 6 P(E/A) = n A x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 =
1 3
13
4 1 n(A) = Coeff of x13 in (x + x2 + .... + x6)4 = 140
2 2 16 4,5, 6 9 no. of way in which exactly one 4 can be ob-
4.
1 4 tained is ( 4 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 13)
4
C1. Coeff of x9 in (x + x2 + x3 + x5 + x6)3 =
1 5
5. 20 5, 6 4 4.16 = 64
5 1 no. of way in which exactly tow 4 can be ob-
1 6 tained is (4 + 4+ x3 +x4 = 13)
4
2 3 C2. coeff pf x5 in (x + x2 + x3 + x5 + x6)2 = 6.2
24 5, 6 8 = 12
6. 3 2
no. of way in which exactly three 4 can be ob-
6 1
tained is (4 + 4+ 4 +x4 = 13)
7. ------------0 4
C 3= 4 way
2 4 80
8.
4 2
32 6 2 n( E A) 80 P E A 140
9. 3 . 3 36 6 1 16. Out of 15 seats 5 persons can be arranged in
n(A) = 216 - 43 = 173 15
P5 way
15
P A 173 216 n(s) = P5
14. no of no’s < 1000 and dirisble by It is given that the seats numbered 1 and ‘9’ are
occupied and no two are consecutive.
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Probability M ATHS
19. 3 identical coins are distribeld to 4 persons,
4+3-1
n(s) = C3 = 20
2, 8, 10 should be alway vacant 3rd person in one person amons 4 can be selected in 4C1 way
and ‘2’ coins are given and the remains coin can
3rd chair, 4th person 5th chair 5th person has 6
be given to any one of the ‘3’ remainging in 3
way way
3rd person 3rd chair then no of way = 6 + 5 + 5
4 3.4 3
+ 3 + 2 + 1 = 22 way n(A) = C1.3 P A
20 5
3rd person 4rd chair then no of way = 5 + 5 + 3
21.: n(s) 23C4.
+ 2 + 1 = 16 way
A = Event of selecting 4 nis in first 23 natural nis
3rd person 5rd chair then no of way = 5 + 3 + 2 such that their product is even.
+ 1 = 11 way B = Event of selecting 4 nis in first 23 natural nis
rd rd
3 person 6 chair then no of way = 3 + 2 + 1 such that their sum is odd.
= 6 way For ‘B’ to happen, 3 even nis ! odd (on 1 even
rd rd
3 person 7 chair then no of way = 3 + 2 + 1 no, 3 odd.
= 6 way In either case, produst will be even
3rd person 11rd chair then no of way = 1 way P A 1
B
n (A) = (22 + 16 + 11 + 6 + 6 + 1)5! 22. Let x = no of heads A tosses 2coin, B tosses 3
= 62(5!)
coins
17. B.operation on A is
x= 0 1 2 3
f :AxA A
no of binary operations on a set containing 10 P Ax : 1 4 1 2 1 4 0
elements is 10100.
100 P Bx : 18 3 8 3 8 18
n(s) = 10
no of commutative binary operate on a set with Bi = Event that B wins in ith throw.
10 elements is 1055 P B1 P A0 P B1 P B2 P B3
55
n(A) = 10 Probabilit y =
P A1 P B2 P B3
1055 1
10100 1045 P A2 P B3
Note : # of commutation binary operation on a
1 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 3
n n 1
=
set with ‘n’ elements is n 2 4 8 8 8 2 8 8 4 8
18. Sum will be ‘2’ if ‘2’ is selected 5 times and -2 7 4 1 16 1
is selected 4 times. = =
4.8 2.8 4.8 4.8 2
Sum will be -2 if -2 is selected 5 times and ‘2’ is
selected 4 times. lly P(B2) = P(B3) = ................ = 1 2
Let
5 4 4 5
Di = The no of heads for both A and B is same in
9 9
C5 P 2 P 2 C4 P 2 P 2
= 126 [(0.3)5 (0.7)4 + (0.3)4 (0.7)5] their ith throw
= 126 (0.3)5 (0.7)4 + [0.3 0.7] P O1 P A0 P B0 P A1 P B1 P A2 P B2
= 126 (0.21)4.
= 1 .1 1 . 3 1 .3
4 8 2 8 4 8
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Probability M ATHS
‘1’ to ‘6’ in ascending order.
n A 62 5! 6
P(A) = n S 15
P5 n(A) = C3.1 = 20
n(s) = 63
23. P(Blank face) = 3 6 1 2 20
P A 5
6.6.6 54
P 1 1 6 ; P 2 1 6 ; P 3 1 6
26. no of way of gelting a sum ‘9’ when two dice
are rolled = 4
3 3 3 3
no of way of getting a sum ‘9’ when two no’s are
3 3 2 2 2 selected from {2,3,4,5,6,7,8} is ‘3’
are the different possiblities
1 2 3 3 3 P (sum = 9) = P(W). P(a) + P (R) P (a)
to get a sum of ‘12’. 7 4 8 3
= 15 . 36 15 . 7 C
5! 5! 5! 2
n A = 5 + 10 + 20
4! 3!2! 3! 7 1 8 3.2
= . .
= 35 15 9 15 7.6
n A 1 7 8
n (s) = 65 P A =
nS 15 9 7
Aliter x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 12 in (1 + x + x2 121
3 5 =
+x ) = 35 945
24. x 1 2 3 4 5 6 27. P(y2 >2xS)
P(x) a 2a a 2a a 2a 8
P x 1 9a 1 a 1 9 =t
8
0
2 x dx
6 6 25 6 34 6 43 6 52 6 6
5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 64 64
= 3 1 1 2
4 4 4 5 4 6 64 3 3
3 5 3 6 28. n(s) = 1203
2 6 A = Event that the A.M of the three selected
no’s from first 120 natural no’s is 45.
In ‘9’ cases we have two odd n’s and on even
number.
In 6 cases we have all three even no’s x1 x2 x3
45 x1 x2 x3 135 xi 20
2 3
Reqred prob = 9 P(odd) P(even) + 6 P
n(A) = Coeff of x135 in (x + x2 + ....+x120)3
(even)3
2 3
= Coeff of x135 in x3 ( 1 + x2 + ........+ x119)3
2 9 6 2 9
= 9 19 = Coeff of x132 in (1 - x120)3 (1 - x)-3
18 48 22 = Coeff of x132 in (1-3-x120) (1+3C1x + 4C2 x2
= . + ......)
729 729 243
25. A : Event that the no in the second throw > first = 134C132 - 3.14C12. = 134C2 - 3.14C12
and third throw > second when a dice is thrown = 8911 - 273 = 8638
for 3 times.
‘A’ is equal to the event of arranging the nis from
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Probability M ATHS
n A
P A
nS
8638
1203 P AE4
4
E
P E4 .P A
4
= 1124.
34. E1 = Event that 3 balls are white B = Event that all the 3 ladie guests are from
E2 = Event that 4 balls are white man’s side
E3 = Event that 5 balls are white
E4 = Event that 6 balls are white
P B A n nAAB
A = Event that 3 balls drawn are white
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Probability M ATHS
3 5 4 4 1 P A B
0 3 3 0 =
P( B )
1124
42. In any random distribution each player must
40 10 have equal chance of getting ace of spades.
=
1124 281 (c) is the correct answer..
P(A B) Alternative solution.
37. P(A/B) = 39 26 13
P( B ) 51
C12 C13 C13 C13 1
52 39 26 13 =
P(A) - P(A B) C13 C13 C13 C13 4
=
P( B ) 43. Probability of getting 6 on at least
2
P(A) - O 5 11
= one of the dice = 1 –
P( B ) 6 36
P( A) 25
=
P( B ) Probability of not getting =
36
b Required probability
38. Pn = k 1
a b 25 11
(probability of drawing is black ball will not =
36 36
change at any trial) 44. There are two major ways in which a total of
a 34 can appear, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 4 or 6, 6, 6, 6, 5,
qn
ab 5.
pn + qn = 1 for all n. Number of favourable outcomes
6! 6!
39. Required probability = + = 21
5! 4!2!
= P(RRR + RBR + BRR + BBR)
21
6 5 4 6 6 5 Required probability = 6
= + 6
10 11 10 10 11 10 (3) is correct.
4 4 3 4 7 4 23 45. Bag 1 Bag 2
+ + = .
10 11 10 10 11 10 55 7 2 5 4
R w R w
3 1
40. P(yellow at the first toss) = = 2
6 2 chance of a white ball from B1 is
9
1
P(red at the second toss) = 4
3 chance of a white ball from B2 is
9
1
P(Blue at the third toss) = 24 8
6
prob that both balls are white is
9 9 81
1 1 1 1
required probability = = 46. 5 3 2
2 3 6 36 R W B
(1) is correct 5 1
chance of a red ball is
P A B 10 2
41. P A/B = 47. Let w1 = ball drawn in the first draw is white,
P( B ) b1 = ball drawn in the first draw is black.
w2 = ball drawn in second draw is white.
=
P AB Then P(w2) = P(w1).P(w2/w1) + P(w2/b1).
P( B )
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Probability M ATHS
m m k n m 2 1
P E 2 1 P E1 1
m n m n k m n m n k 3 3
m E E 1
mn and P E 3P E 2
2 1
48. E1 : coin fair, E2 : coin is baised, A second toss
shows tail. Let A1 = E1 E and A2 = E2 E
Now required probability P(E)
P A / E1 P E1 = P(A1) + P(A2) = P E1 E P E1 E
P E1 / A
P A / E1 P E1 P A / E2 P E2 =
m 1 1 E E
. . P E1 P P E 2 P
N 2 2 E1 E2
m 1 1 Nm 2
. . . . 2 1 1 1 5
N 2 2 N 3 3 . .
3 6 3 2 18
9m 9m So that odds against winning of A are 13 : 5.
9m 8N 8m 8N m 52. Let EA = the event of A becoming secretary.
49. Let Ei : denotes the event that the student will Similarly, EB and EC.
pass in the ith exam, i = 1, 2, 3 EL = the event of admitting lady members.
E : denotes the event that the student will qualify. 1 2 4
P(E) = P(E1).P(E2). Here, P E A , P E B , P E C .
3 9 9
p p Clearly, EA, EB, EC are mutually exclusive and
p 2 px 1 p 1 p x xp
2 2 exhaustive.
A l s o ,
2p 2 p 2 p3 p 2 p3 E E E
PE 2p 2 p3 P L 0.6, P L 0.7, P L 0.5
2 EA EB EC
50. Let P(A) = probability that A will hit B the required probability
P(B) = probability that B will hit A =
P(C) = Probability that C will hit A
P(E) = Probability that A will be hit E E E
P EA .P L P EB .P L P EC .P L
Then, EA EB EC
PE 1 P B C 1 P B . P C
1 3 2 7 4 5 26
1 2 2 x x x
1 . 3 5 9 10 9 10 45
2 3 3
53. Required probability
1 2
P A1 A2..... An P A1 P A2 ......P An
P
C P B . P C
3
2
.
1 1 2 3 n
= x x x.......x
E P E 2 2 2 3 4 n 1
3
n! 1
51. Let E = the event that horse A wins
E1 = the event that jockey B rides horse A n 1! n 1
E2 = the event that Jockey C rides horse A
1 j
According to question odds in favour of E1 =
P A j 1 P A j 1 1 j 1 j
2:1
2 E 1
P E1 and P E 6 (since when
3 1
B rides A, all six horses are equally likely to
win)
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Probability M ATHS
54. Total number of way in which 8 letters can be
r n r
placed in 8 envelopes is 8! ways. The no. of way n r nr n 1 1
P X r Cr p p Cr
in which exactly ‘3’ of them go to correct 2 2
envalopes is n
n 1
1 1 1 1 1 Cr
8
C3 .5! 1 2
1! 2! 3! 4! 5! Now, P(X = 4), P(X = 5) and P(X = 6) are in
8
C3 A.P.
Prob = [5! - 5! + 60 - 20 + 5 - 1] 2P(X = 5) = P( = 4) + P(X = 6)
8! n n n
8
= ( C3 .44) / 8! 1 1 1
2. C5 n C 4 n C 6
n
2 2 2
8! 44 11
= 2 n C5 n C 4 n C6
5!3! 8! 180
1 1 1 1 3 1 1 n! n! n!
2
55. 2 3 2 6 6 6 3 n 5!5! n 4 !4! n 6 !6!
10 1
2 1 1
56. The probability of hitting in one shot 5 n 5 n 4 n 5 6x5
100 10
If he fires n shots, the probability f hitting at n2 - 21 n + 98 = 0 (n - 7)(n - 14) = 0
least once n = 7 or 14.
1
n n
59. Here n = 99, p . Therefore (n + 1)p = 50.
1 9 1 2
= 1 1 1 (from the question) So, P(X = r) is maximum when r = 50 or r =
10 10 2
49.
9 1
n
EXERCISE - 2
Comphehensive Passages :
10 2
1
n 2 log10 3 1 log10 2 1. P A P B P C .
3
n
log10 2
0.3010
6.5 nearly A 4 9 ; P E B 69 ; P E C 39
P E
1 2 log10 3 1 2x0.4771
for 6 shots, the probability is about 53%
while for 7 shots it is nearly 48%. A 5 9 ; P F B 93 ; P F C 96
P F
n nr
P X r C r 1 p 46 5
57. We have, P X n r
n Cn r 1 p r
P E
A B
99
9
n 2r n 2r
E
P A
1 p 1
p
1
p 2. A
P A .P E
For this to be independent of n and r, we must P A .P E P B .P E P C P E
A B C
1 1
have 1 1 p
p 2 = 413
58. Clearly X is a binomial variate with parameters
1 P F
n and p such that 3.
2 P A P F A P B P F B P C P F C
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Probability M ATHS
1 5 3 6 7! 8!
= n A 8
P2
3 9 9 9 4! 2! 4! 2!
14 32
= P A
27 165
4. Consider an element a A then 10. n(s) = 6
a E and a F
a E & aF 1 1 1 1 1 1
n A 6 1
a E & aF 1 2 3 4 5 6
a E & aF = 360 - 120 + 30 - 6 + 1
= 265
10
3 265 53
PE F P A
4 6 144
5. E and F have evenal no of elements.
n(A) = 10C0 10C0 + 10C1 10Cl + ........... + 1 1 1 1
11. n A 6 C2 4 1
10
C10 10C10 1 2 3 4
= 15. [12 - 4 + 1] = 15.9
n(s) = 210.210
15.9 3
C 20 p A =
P A 1010 6 16
4
12. 1-p(no letter go to wrons)
3 7
1 3 1
6. P n E F 3 10 C3 . . 719
4 4 =1 6 =
720
10 38 13. P(A) = Prob. that the first ball is defective
=
49 10 1
[ total number of balls = 10 + 10 = 20
7. Event that ‘S’ appear is even places 20 2
5
P4 7 and number of defective balls = 10]
n A . (c ) holds.
4 42
14. P (B) = The second ball is non-defective
1
P A
10 1
[ non -defective ball = 10 out of
66 20 2
8. Consider twoI’ of two pairs as 2 units
total 20]
7! P (C) = Prob. ( Both balls are either defective or
Arrange 7 retten in 4! 2! non - defective )
There are 8 gaps for those pain can be arranged 1
( balls are either defective or non - defec-
8
P2 2
in way tive )
2
8 1 1 1
7! P2 P(B) . P(C) = .
n A 2 2 4
4! 2! 2
(a) holds.
14 15. P A B C 0 A B C
P A
165
(a) holds.
9. P(exactly 3’s together) + P(4’s together)
16. P(0) = Prob. of the event A that the ball drawn is
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Probability M ATHS
w P2 and P3 . Now P2 on receiving a letter from
whit, if no ball is lost
bw P1 will write to two persons other than himself .
[ total number of balls = b + w and number of
white balls = w ) so, P2 has n 1 Choices including a choice in
(b) holds which he may write to P1 .
17. Let E denote hte event that the ball lost is white
Probability that P2 will not write to P1 is
w
P E n2
wb
.Similarly, probability that P3 will not write
w n 1
and P E '
wb n2
to P1 is
A w 1 n 1
P
E w b 1 P A 2 Probability that P1 does not receive
A w a letter at 2nd stage.
P
E ' w h 1 n2 n2
x
by total Prob. rule. n 1 n 1
P (1) = Probability of the event A that the ball
2
drawn is white if 1 ball is lost . n2
P A2
A A n 1
P A P E P P E ' P
E E' c holds.
w w 1 bw 20. Now, each of the four persons reciving letters
w b w b 1 w b w b 1 from P2 and P3 will write two letters each to other
persons probability that none of these four per-
w w b 1 w
so ns write letters to P1 is
w b w b 1 w b
4
n 2 P A3
c holds . Probability that dos not re-
n 1 A2
18 Similar to Q 37 (a) holds.
ceive a letter at 3rd stage.
19. Suppose, P1 begins the chain letter and let A1
4 22
be the event that P1 does not receive a letter at n2 n2
ith stage , i = 2,3 ....... m and A be the even that n 1 n 1
P1 does not receive a letter in first m stages . (c) holds.
Then , A A 2 A 3 A 4 ..... A m A4
21. Similarly P A A Probability that P1
2 3
P A P A 2 A3 A 4 ..... A m
does not receive a letter at 4th sate.
A A4 8 23
P A 2 .P 3 .P ...... n2 n 2
A 2 A 2 A3
n 1 n 1
Am Continuing in this manner, we have
P
A 2 A 3 ..... A m 1 Am
P Probability that
Thus , let P1 begins the chain letter , writting to A 2 A 3 .... A m1
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Probability M ATHS
P1 does not receive a letter at mth stage
P An 1 .P Hn P An 2 .P Hn 1 .P Hn
m1
2
n2 Pn 1 1 P Pn 2 1 P .P
n 1
Pn 1 P Pn 1 P 1 P Pn 2
d holds.
P3 1 P P2 P 1 P P1
22. If n = 1, in this case, the coin is tossed once only.
The possible outcomes are H,T.Consequently, 1 P 2 P 1 P .1
there cannot be two or more consecutive heads.
Hence. P1 1 1 P P 2 P3 P P 2
(d) holds. 1 2P 2 P3
23. When n = 2 1 P P 2 1 P
In this cse, the coin is tossed twice. Let Hi de-
25. 0 p1 , p 2 , p3 1
note the event of getting head in ith toss.
and 0 p1 p 2 p3 1
i 1, 2 then P2 Probability that no two con-
secutive head occure 1 Probability that two 1
consecutive head occure 1 p 1 0 2 1 p 1
1 p H1 H 2
1 1
p 1 0 1 2p 1
1 p H1 .p H 2 2 3
1 p2 1 1
p 1 0 2 3p 1
3 5
p2 1 p2
24. When 3 37 7
and p
We observe that the outcome of nth toss can be 23 23
head or tail.
1 1 1
two or more consecutive heads cannot occur 0 2 1 p 3 1 2p 5 2 3p 1
in the following mutually exclusive ways:
th
i) When the outcome of n toss is tail and there Clearly no value of P is possible
are not two or more consecuitve heads in first (n (d) holds.
- 1 ) tosses.
2) When the outcome of nth toss is head, then the 26. Since p1 p 2 p3
27 1
outcome of (n - 1) th toss must be a tail and there 27
are no two or more consecutive heads in first ( n p p 2 p3 1
- 2) tosses . 1
3 3
Thus, if we define
1 1
Hi getting head in ith toss. p1p2 p 3
27 27
Ai not getting two or more consecutive heads
1/ 3 1
in first i tosses . Then . p1p 2 p3
3
Pn Probability or not getting two or more con-
secutive heads in first n tosses p p 2 p3 1/ 3
1 p1p 2 p3
3
P H n A n 1 Hn H n 1 A n 2 i.e A.M.= G.M.
1
P H n A n 1 {P H n H n 1 A n 2 p1 p 2 p3
3
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 89
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Probability M ATHS
1 1 1 1 1 5
3
1 5 1
6
p1p 2 p 2 p3 p3 p1 X X ......
9 9 9 3 6 6 6 6 6
a 1
a 9 1
27 3
6 36
a holds. 5
3
1 91
27 Similar to Q 25 b holds. 6
q = The probability of B’s winning
EXERCISE - 3 MATCHING
4 7
1. (A) The chance of getting a head with a coin 5 1 5 1 5 1
X X X .......
1 6 6 6 6 6 6
is . A can win in 1st, 4th or 7th .......
2
throws 5 1
X
30
P=The chance of A’s winning 6 63
3 6 5 91
1 1 1 1 1 1
X X ... 6
2 2 2 2 2
and r=1 - (p+q)
1
36 30
2 4 1
3
91
1 7
1 66
2 1
91
B can win in 2nd, 5th or 8th ......throws 25
q=The chance of B’s winning
91
1 4 7
1 1 1 1 1 1 p : q = 6: 5 (R)
X X X ... (C) p= The probability of A’s winning
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 1 1 3 2 1 1 3 2
1 1 . . . . . . ...
X 3 3 2 4 3 3 2 4 3
2 2 2
3
1 7 2
1
2 3
1 3
1
and r= The chance of c’s winning 1 . .
3 2 4
=1-(p+q)
2
4 2 1 16
1 3
7 7 7 7 21
3 1 8
p:q=2:1 p r , q r ( P, Q , T ) q = The probability of B’s winning
7 7
(B) The chance of getting a ‘six’when a dice is
2
1 1 1 1 1 31 1 1 1 3 1 1
thrown . ...
6 3 2 3. 2. 4. 3. 2. 3. 2. 4. 3. 2.
The chance of not getting a ‘six’, when a
dice is not thrown
1 5
1
6 6
P=The probability of A’s winning
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 90
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Probability M ATHS
2 3 6
V nqp 5. . .
1 1 (B) 5 5 5
.
3 2 6
1 1 3 S nqp
1 . . 5
3 2 4 V S 2 ( P)
1
4 V2 6
6
7 21 S2 5
8 5(V 2 S 2 ) S 2 ( R)
r 1 ( p q)
16 4 1 24 24
1 V nqp 25. .
(C) 25 25 25
21 21
1 24
S nqp
21 5
3 1 V S 2 ( P)
q r ( p)
21 7
V 2 24
15 5
pr (S ) S 2 25
21 7
49
1
2. (A) V 2 S2
2 2
7(T )
1 4 4 S V
V npq 5. .
5 5 5
3. Explanation :
4 2
S npq (i) (b) Give one victory to S1 then, remain-
5 5 ing 7 wins are to be given to any of 15 players.
V S 2 ( P) C7 15
1
V2 4 P(S1 is the winner) = C8
= 16
2
S2 5 (ii) (a) Now P(S1 or S2 (not both) are
S2 5 winner)
V2 4 2 14 C7 8
= 16 =
4(S 2 V 2 )(Q) C8 15
S 2 V 2 9 (iii) (c) Finally P(both S1 and S2 are win-
ners)
S 2 V 2 1
14
C6 7
S 2 V 2 = 16 = .
2 2
3( S ) C8 30
S V 4. (A)
1 1
PA , P B
4 5
1
P C
6
1 3
P A ' 1
4 4
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 91
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Probability M ATHS
1 4 3 q 27
P B ' 1 p 2q 2 2
5 5 p p 32
1 5
P C ' 1 2. Exhaustive cases Favourable cases
6 6 12 31
C31
reqd. prob. = 1 P A ' P B' P C ' 12 3 2 31
C31
3 4 5 1 1 = 91
1 . . 1
4 5 6 2 2 = 28
A r 28 4
Probability =
B) P ( at least two heads ) 91 13
4
P HHT, HTH, THH, HHH 16
3. Favourable area = xdx
0
3
4 1
[ total no . of Exhaustive area = 16
8 2
1 3
equally likely cases 23 8 ] probability =
3 9
B r
p A1 A 2 A3 ....... A 7
C) In 365 days, there are 52weeks and 1day.
4.
clearly there are 52sundays in 52weeks. the p A .p A .....p A
1 2 7
P E2 / A
P E 2 P A / E2
Therefore the probability of the required event is P E1 P A / E1 P E 2 P A / E 2
p4 + p5 + p6 + . . . .
= p 2 q 2 3 4q 5q 2 6q 3 .... 1 2
1 2
n 1 9
16 n 1 n 2 3n 2
p 2q 2 3 1 q q 2 q 3 .... q 1 2q 3q 2 ...
n 1 3 n 1 9
1 2
p 2q 2 3 1 q q 1 q 1
3n 2 32 3n 30
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 92
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Probability M ATHS
n 10 0010 x 21 x
8 1 1 1
6. Let E ij denote the event that ball bearing colour Now , P A 9 1 2 9 1 2
i is transferred from urn A to urn B and the ball
bearing colour j is transferred from urn B to the A E E 1 2 E1E 2
run A. Let A denote the event that a ball bearing
red colour is drawn from urn A after transfer. We dP A 8 1
x
2
1 1 21 x
log 1 log 2
have . dx 9 2 9 2
4 6 2
P E RR x dP A
9 12 9 Now we must have 0
dx
4 6 2
P E RB x x 3 21 x 2x 24
9 12 9
5 6 25 d2P A
P E BR x x 12 also , 0 for x 12
9 12 108 dx 2
Hence P(A) is maximum where x = 12 = 0012
5 7 35
P E BB x 8. Let W denote the event of drawing a white ball
9 12 108 at any draw and B that for a black ball. Then
4 3 1 a b
Also , P A / E RR ; P A / E RB Pw and P B
9 9 3 ab ab
5 5 P(A wins lthe game )
A / E BR
; P A / E BB
P(W or BBW or BBBBW or ............)
9 9
We know that P W P BBW P BBBBW ......
P A P E RR P A / E RR ......
P W P B P B P B P B P B P B P W ......
2 4 2 1 25 5 35 5
x . x x
9 9 9 3 108 9 108 9 a
P W ab a a b ab
8 2 125 175 2
1 P B b2 2
a 2ab a 2b
81 27 972 972 1 2
a b
96 72 300 486 117
972 972 243 ab b
Aslo P(B wins the game ) 1
243P 117 0117 a 2b a 2b
7. Let A denote the event that the target is hit when According to the given condition
x shells are fired at point 1. Let E1E 2 denote the ab b
3. a 2b
event. a 2b a 2b
8 1 a
We have , P E1 , P E 2 a : b 2 :1 i.e., 2 0002
9 9 b
x 9 Let Ei denote the event that the bag contains i
1
P A / E1 1
2 black and 10 i white balls ( i = 0, 1,2 .... 10)
21 x Let A denote the event that the three balls drawn
1 at random from teh bag are black, We have
and P A / E 2 1
2
1
P Ei i 0,1, 2,.....,10
11
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 93
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Probability M ATHS
P A, Ei 0 for i 0,1, 2
11. Let E A the event of a becoming secreatary .
i
C3 Similarly , E B and E C
and P A / E i 10
for i 3
C3 E L the event of admitting lady members
Now, by the total probability rule
1 2 2
10 Here, P E A , P E B , P E C
P A P Ei P A / Ei 3 9 9
i 0 Clearly, E A , E B , E C are mutually exclusive land
1 1 exhaustive.
x 10 3C3 4 C3 ..... 10 C3
11 C3 Also, P E L / E A 0.6P E L / E B 0.7
But 3 C3 4 C3 5 C3 ...... 10 C3 P E L / E C 0.5
the required probability,,
4 4 5 10 3 4
C 4 C3 C3 ...... C3 C3 1 C 4 P E A .P E L / E A P E B .P E L / E B
5 5 6 10
C 4 C3 C3 ...... C3 P E C .P E L / E C
6 C4 6 C3 ...... 10 C3 .....11 C4 1 3 2 7 4 5 26
x x x
11
C4 1 2 5 9 10 9 10 45
Thus, P A 45P E 26 0026
11x 10C3 4
By the Bayes’ rule
**************
P E9 P A / E9
P E P E9 / A PROBABILITY
P A PRACTICE SHEET - 1 - SOLUTIONS
1. A = Event that a person wins fir n game
1 C3
9
3 2
11 10 C3 14 P (A) = P A
5 5
1 55 Ai = Event that a person wins ith game after first game
4 P(atleast 3 win out of 4 game)
=
55P E 14 0014
10. Let E1 , denote the event “a coin with two heads P A1 A2 A3 A4 P A1 A2 A4 P A1 A2 A3 A4
“ is selected and E 2 , denote the event “a fair
.
coin is selected “. Let A be the event “ the toss P A1 A2 A3 A4 P A1 A2 A3 A4
results in heads “. Then
1 n 3
4
2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2
P E1 ; P E2 = . . . . . . . . . . . .
n 1 n 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1 4 2 2 3
P A / E1 1 and P A / E 2 3 3 2 3 2
2 = 3. .
5 5 5 5 5
P A P E1 P A / E1 P E 2 P A / E 2 34 33.2 2 33.2
= 4 4
54 5 5
7 1 n 1 7
x1 x P A 34
12 n 1 n 1 2 12 = 3 4 2
54
12 6n 7n 7 n 5 0005
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 94
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Probability M ATHS
35
=
54
2. x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 10 on 11, 1 xi 6
6.
coeff of x10 + coeff of x11 in (x + x2 + ...... + x6)4
= coeff of x6 + coeff x7 in (1 + x + .......... + x5)4
= coeff of x6 + coeff x7 in (1 - x6)4 (1 - x)-4 n(s) = 64C5
= coeff of x6 + coeff x7 in (1 - 4x6) (1 + 4C1x + 5C2 A = Event of selecting 5 squares along diagonal
x2 + .........) of a chess board
= 9C6-4 + 10C7 - 16 = 184 n(A) = 2.8C5 + 4(7C5 + 6C5 + 5C5) = 224
n(s) = 6.6.6.6
P A 224 64
184 23 C5
P A
6.6.6.6 162 7. The four digit no’s formed by 0,1,2,3,4,5 divisible
3. no. of one-one mappings from a set A with 4 by ‘3’ are the no’s whose digits are
elements to a set B containing 7 elements in 7P4. 1,2,4,5
no. of many one fin = 74 - 7P4. 0,1,2,3
0,4,5,3
74 7 P4
P A 0,4,3,2
74 0,1,5,3
7 4 7.6.6.5 For a no to be divisible by ‘6’ it should be even
= and divisble by ‘3’
74
1,2,4,5 - - - - - - - -2,4
223 3.2.1 2 = 12 way
=
343 0,1,2,3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _0 = 6 way
4. no. of numbers that are divisible by ‘8’ from 1 to 0_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 = 6-2 = 4 way
0,4,5,3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 = 6 way
120 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 = 4 way
120 = 15 .
8 0, 4, 3, 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 = 6 way
no. of no’s that are divisible by both ‘8’ 0_ _ _ _ _ _ _2 = 4 way
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 = 4 way
120
1 6 5 LCMof 8 1 6 24 0,1,5,3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 = 6 way
24
total no of number divinble by ‘6’ are
no. of no’s that are divisible by ‘8’ but not with ‘6’ 12 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 6
are 10. = 36 + 16 = 52
P(divisible by 6/divisible by 8) n(A) = 52
10 2
n (s) = 300 5.5.4.3
=
15 3
52 13
5. x 1, 2,3.......89,90 P A
300 75
n(s) = 90. 8. n(s) = 15C2
50 A = {(x,y) = |x-y|>7}
x 25 x 2 25 x 50 0
x when x = 1, y {9,10,11,12,13,14,15}
x = 2 y {10,11,.......15}
x 2.2, 22.7 x = 7 y {15}
the no. of favourable values for the events are the n(A) = 1+2+........+7 = 28
no of no’s in {1,2,23,24,..........89,90}= 70
28 4
n(A) = 70 P A 15
C2 15
70 7
P(A) =
90 9
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 95
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Probability M ATHS
9. no of ‘7’ digit numbers formed using 0,1,2,3,4,5 17. S = {SM, MT, TW, WTn, TnF, FSa, Sas}
is n(s) = 5.66. n(s) = 7
A = Event that the 7 dight no is divisible by ‘3’ A = {SaS} ; n(A) = 1
n (A) = 5.65.2
P A 1 7
5
5.6 .2 1
P A 18. A = Event of 53 sunday in a leapyear
5.66 3
B = Event of 52 monday in a leapyear
10! n(A) = 2 Event of n(B) = 5; n A B 1
10. n S
4!2!
A = Event that 2R’s come together and no n A n B n A B
P A B
A come together in MAHARASTRA n s
6
P4 2 5 1 6
n A 5!
4! = 7
7
n A 5! 6 P4 4!2! 19. E1 = Event of selections c non - leapyear.
n A E2 = Event of selections c leapyear.
nS 4! 10!
A = Event of 53 fridays or 53 thusday
1 A
E2 = {with, thF, Fsa}
42
11. Probability of exactly one of M or N to occur A
E1 = {Th, F}
is P MN
=P(M) +P(N) - 2P M N P E1 3 4 ; P E2 1 4
1 P m 1 P N 2 1 P(M N P A E 27 ; P A E 37
1 2
P M P N 2 p M N
P A P E .P A P E .P A
1 E1
2 E
2
P M N ' P M ' N
3 2 1 3
. .
12. P A B P A P B 1 and 4 7 4 7
P A B P A P B 9
= .
28
50 20. sum
13 mp p.c cm 2mpc
100 0,1,2,3,5 111
40 1,2,3,5,6 17
mp+pc+cm – 3mpc = 2,3,5,6,0 16
100
3,5,6,0,1 15
10 5,6,0,1,2 14
mpc also m+p+c –
100 6,0,1,2,3 12
only 15 and 12 are divisible by ‘3’
75
mp pc cm mpc n(A) = 2 (5! - 4!) = 2.4.4!
100
2.4.4! 8
135 27 p A
m p c 5.5!5 25
100 20
21. For a no to be divisible by ‘6’, it should be
14. even and divisible by ‘3’
15. no of event no’s formed by 3,5,6,0,1 is
16. = 4! + 4! - 3!
= 42
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 96
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Probability M ATHS
no of even no’s formed by 6,0,1,2,3 is , are the roots of
= 4! + 2(4! - 3!) 2
x ( ) x 0
= 60
n(A) = 102 7 1
x2 x 0
102 51 17 6 3
P A 2
600 300 100 6 x 7 x 2 0( R)
22. -------- 5 4 3 0
4.4.3.2 = 96
Locus of ( , ) is 4x-3y=0 (Q)
1
-------- 3 0 (B) P(S) =
5 40 25 15
P(M ) , P( M S )
4.3.2.3 = 72 100, 100 100
n(A) = 168 15
168 7 S P ( S M ) 3
P A P 100
600 25 M P( M ) 25 5
23. Explanation : 100
(a) ® (r) The required and
event will occur if last digit in all the chosen
15
numbers is 1, 3, 7 or 9.
M P (S M ) 100 3
n P
4 S P(S ) 40 8
Probabiltiy = .
10 100
(ii) ® (a) The required event will occur if last , are the roots of
digit in none of the chosen numbers is 0 or 5
and last digit in atleast one of the chosen x 2 ( ) x 0
numbers is 2, 4, 6, 8. 39 9
n n x2 x 0
8 4 40 40
Probability = –
10 10 40 x 2 39 x 9 0( S )
(iii) ® (b) The required event will occur if last 5 8 0
digit in none of the chosen numbers is 0, 2, 4,
6, 8 and last digit in atleast one of the numbers Locus of ( , )is 5x-8y=0
is 5.
n n
5 4 30 20 10
Probability = – . (C) P ( E ) , P(H ) , P(E H )
10 10 100 100 100
24. (A) P(E) =
20 15 10 10
, P( M ) , P( E M )
E P ( E H ) 1
100 100 100 P 100
H P( H ) 20 2
10 100
M P ( E M ) 1 and
P 100
E P( E ) 20 2 10
100 H P ( E H ) 100 1
p
and E P( E ) 30 3
10 100
E P ( E M ) 100 2
P
15
, are the roots of
M P (M ) 3
100 x 2 ( ) x 0
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 97
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Probability M ATHS
6 x 2 5 x 1 0(T ) P A B P A B 0.6
2 3 0
Here, P A B max 0.4
Locus of ( , ) is 2x-3y =0 (P)
25. x = 10 M + r1, r1, r2 (0, 1, 2, . .9) P A B max. 1
y = 10 n + r2
Hence,
P B max 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.8
x 2 y 2 102 m 2 n 2 10 2mr1 2nr2 r12 r22
Probability =
135 27
735 147
2. P E1
A
1 P E1
A
3
1 7
10 10
49.27 3. The total pairings are
9
147 P1P2 P3P4
27. G1 = 1, 4, 7 (G1 G1) (G2 G2) (G3 G3) P1P3 P2P4
G2 = 2, 5, 8 (G1, G2)
G3 = 3, 6, 9 P1P4 P2P3
4 2
Favourble cases = 3 C 2 .3 3 C1 .3 C1 = 18 (or) ( C2. C2)/2!)
18 18.2 1 only one pairing favours P3
Probability = 9 C 9.8 2 1
2
Required probabilities =
p2 3
2
28. p 4 0 p2 - p - 2 0 (1) is the correct answer..
4
4. We must get 2, 3, 4 or 5 in one trial
p [2, 5]
3 6 4 2
probability = probability = =
5 10
6 6 3
29. 4
2 16
P A B P A , P B P A B P A B Required probability = =
3 81
P A P B P A B
11. If E and F are in dependent than E, F' and E' ,
30. We have P A B = P(A)+P(B) - P A B
F and E', F' are all independent
P B P A B P A B P A
P E / F P E / F P E P E1 1
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 98
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Probability M ATHS
P A B P A P B 1
12.
P A B 0.2 2
P
A B P A P B 1 P A 0.5 5
P B P B
P A1 P B1 1 P A 1 P B
1 P A P B P A P B 20.
1 P A B
1
13 Let P (E) = x : P(F) = y then x.y =
2
1
and 1 x 1 y
2
p(x < y) = P (x = 2 and y 3) + P(x = 3
1 1 1 1
x , y of x and y and y 4) + etc
4 3 3 4 =
14. A and B are independent events
1
P B / A P B (a) is wrong
1.3 2.333.30 4.265.4 6.155.104.63.3 2.1
36.36
P B1 A1 P A1 P B1 P A1 P B1 575
=
1296
(b) is wrong.
12
21. P x y P x i and x i
1
P A B P A1 P B1 P A1 B1 P A1 .P B1 i2
(C) is correct =
P A / B P A (D) is correct 1
1 4 9 16 25 36 25 16 9 4 1
36.36
15. P E / F P E1 / F P E P E 1 1
146 73
=
P E / F1 P E1 / F1 P E P E1 1 36.36 648
16. 4 3
22. P(x = 5 and y = 10) = .
36 36
17. P A B P PAB B 1 1
= .
9 12
P A P B P A B
= 1
P B =
108
0.5 0.6 0.8 23. (A) = 1 – Problem will not be solved
=
0.6 = 1 – P A B C = 1 – P A P B P C
= 12 1 1 1
= 1 – 1- 1- 1-
2 3 4
18. P A A B P PAA A B B 1 1 2 3
=1–
2 3 4
P B A
19. P B A p A = 1
1 3
4 4
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 99
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Probability M ATHS
and = P A B C + P A B C + 1
(T )
24
P A B C
11
and (R)
= P(A) P( B ) P( C ) + P(A) P(B) P(C) + 24
P(A) P(B) P(C) 24.
Explanation :
i) (b), (c), (d), (e) If A, B, C are indep
1 1 1 1 1 1 endent, then they are pairwise independent
= . 1- . 1- + 1- . . 1 + also.
2 3 4 2 3 4
ii) (e) is straight forward.
1 1 1 iii) (a) by definition.
1 1 . 25. There are 24 ways of dealing with four alterna-
2 3 4
tives.
6 3 2 11 24 1 answers
= + + =
24 24 24 24 1
Probability of getting correct answer is 4
3 11 29 7 2 1
+= + = and +
4 24 24 24 n 1
If ‘n’ attempts are made
(Q.S) 4
2 1 5
1 1 1 n > 3
(B) Here, P(A) = , P(B)= , P(G) = n = 4.
2 3 4
PRACTICE SHEET - 3 - SOLUTIONS
1. Let E1 be the event that the man reports that ‘ it
= P ( A B C) P( A B C) P( A BC) ‘ is a six
“ E “ be the event that six occures
P E .P E1 / E
p E / E1
P(A)P(B)P(C) P(A)P(B)P(C) P(A)P(B)P(C) P E P E1 / E P E1 .P E1 / E1
1 3
1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 x
. . . . . . 6 4
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 3/ 8
1 3 5 1
6 x x
6 4 6 4
24
Ans : a
and p ( A).P ( B ).P (C ) 2. Suppose that A and B may agree in a
1 7 statement if they
i) Both speak truth . Probability of this
24 24
event = x . y
1 13
and and ( P, T ) ii) Both do not speak truth = 1 x 1 y
24 24
R.Prob
statement is true
2 5 5 = statement is true statement is false
(C) X
6 8 24
4 3 6 xy xy
and X =
6 8 24 xy 1 x 1 y 1 x y 2xy
Ans : a
+ 3 black P 1 2
P A 1 . P B / A 1 1 P B / A 1
A2: 4 balls drawn from first urn consists of 2 white
1 2
+ 2 black P A 2 .P B / A 2 1 P B / A 2
A3: 4 balls dran from first urn consists of 3 white = 8/17
+ 1 black Ans : a
A4: 4 balls drawn from first urn consists of 4white
+ O black 8 /1 0 s t a n d a rd
Let B & C respectively be the events that a white 9. 7 /1 0 I 2 /1 0
ball is drawn from the second urn in first and 3 /1 0 n o n - s ta n d a r d
second drawn II 9 /1 0 s ta n d a r d
1 /1
4 0
P Ai .P B / Ai .P C / AiB n o n - s ta n d a r d
P C / B i 0
4
P Ai .P B / Ai 7 9
.
i 0 10 10 27
P P II / 3
7 8 3 9 56 27
. .
10 10 10 10
1 5 1 10 1 1 5 3 2 1
0.0 . .0 . . . . .1.1 27
42 21 4 21 2 3 21 4 3 42 Ans:B
1 5 1 10 1 5 3 1 83
0 1
42 21 4 21 2 21 4 42 10. Let "E A " be the event of A becoming secre-
= 419 tary E1 be the event of admitting lady members
Ans : a P EA .P E1 /EA P EB .P E1 /EB P EC .P E1 /EC
1/2 L 2/5 ON 26
5. Ans : a
1/2 1/6 45
C ON 11.
1
.2 / 5
2 12 12
P
1 1
2 / 5 1/ 6 12 5 17
2 2
Ans : b
P 9 /17.from U2 3 /4 a sle e p
(T ) 1 /4
100 A 5/100 21. 4 /5
( defective) N -s
25/ 1 /5 a slee p
1 /4
15. 35/100 B 4/100 (B )
( defective)
40/ 3 /4
100 N -s
C 2/100
( defective)
4 / 5.3 / 4 12
25 5 1 1 13
. 4 / 5.3 / 4 .
100 100 5 4
PA
25 5 35 4 40 2 Ans: b
. . .
100 100 100 100 100 100
25/51 R
125 125 25
125 140 80 345 69 (R) 26/51
22. 1/2
B
30 16
PB , PC 1/2 R
69 69 26/51
Ans : a,b,c (B)
25/51
17. P B F P F .P B F B
3 7
= . 1 25
7 10 .
2 51 25
3 1 25 1 26 51
= .
10 2 51 2 51
Ans : a
P E .P A E 23. Explanation :
18. A P E P
P E
AE PF P AF (i) (b) 1st person can sit anywhere.
1
Probability =
= 817 100
(ii) (a) When 100th person enters then
19. PF 37 either 1st or seat number 100th must be
vacant.
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 102
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Probability M ATHS
1
Probability = PRACTICE SHEET - 4 SOLUTIONS
2
1. The favourable numbers are 29, 36, 63, 92
Probabiltiy of seat number 49 being
occupied is 1. 4 1 24
p ,q ;n 4
(iii) (c) As in (ii) when 50th person enter 100 25 25
either 1 or 50 is vacant. 97
24. Explanation : p X 3 4C3 p3q 4C 4 p 4 4
18
25
(ii) (b) P(A) = , 1 1
36 p ,q ,n 4
2. np = 2, npq = 1
2 2 2
5 11
P(B) = 1 – = p X 1 1 p X 0 p X 1
6 36
Now P(AB) = P(total is odd and atleast one 3 1 4 11
1
is there) 16 16 16
6 3. Best of 3 games
= ( (3, 2), (2, 3), (3, A can win match by winning any two out of
36
6), (6, 3), (3, 4), (4, 3) are the only cases) three games
(i) (c) Since = (0.4)2 + 2C1 (0.4) (0.6) (0.4) = 0.352
Best of 5 games
18 11 6 23 either by first three games (or) any two from
P(A B) = + – =
36 36 36 36 first three & fourth game (or) any two of first
(iii) (a) P(A B) = P(A) – P(A B) four games and fifth one.
= (0.4)3 + 3C2 (0.4)2 (0.6) (0.4) + 4C2(0.4)2
18 6 12 (0.6)2 (0.4) = 0.31744
= – = .
36 36 36 The probability for best of 3 games is higher
4. P(X = 50) = P(X = 51)
3/10
X co-ed 100 C50 p50 q 50 100 C51 .p51 .q 49
4/9
25. 2/9 5/10 q 100 C51 51
y co-ed 100 p
3/9 p C50 101
Z 8/10 5. Either 6 forward & 5 backward steps (or) 5 for-
co-ed
ward & 6 backward steps.
4 3 2 5 3 8 23 6 5 5 6
. . . 11C6 0.4 . 0.6 11 C5 0.4 0.6
9 10 9 10 9 10 45 5
Ans: 5 462 0.24
6. P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)
2 5
.
9 10 5 0 8 7 7
26. 23 23 Ans: 5 1 19 1 19 19 27
8C 0 8C 1 .
45 20 20 20 20 20 20
7
m 9 3 3
Death 7. p probability =
4/10 n 15 5 5
correct 6/10 1 9
27. 6/10 surrival 8. p ,q
4/10 10 10
in correct 7/10 Death P X 3 6C3.q3 .p3 1458 x 105
3/10
surrival 14. 480.P(3)
480 3C3 .q 0 .p 3 60 480P X 1
6 6 4 3 12
. . 7
10 10 10 10 25 480 1 P X 0 480. 420
8
Ans : 6
AKASH MULTIMEDIA 103
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Probability M ATHS
1 9 20 5
15. p ,q ( R)
10 10 72 18
95
P 3 8C3.q5 .p5 56x and 1 p (neither of the two balls is red)
108
8 1 P (WW , WB , BW , BB )
9
P 0 1
10
16. p = 0.2, q = 0.8. n = 3 1 {P (WW ) P (WB ) P ( BW ) P ( BB )}
P X 1 P X 0 P X 1
2 1 2 4 4 2 4 3
3C6 .q 3 3C1 .q 2 .p1 1 X X X X
9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8
3 2
8 8 1
3. . 0.89 1
30 42 7
(Q )
10 10 10
72 72 12
1 10
17. P x 8 C8 10 C9 10 C10
10
2 1 2 6
(B)
2 6 10
7
=
128 1 3 5 9 14 7
(S )
18. A : Event that the sequence of 6 consccutive tails 6 10 30 30 15
start at ith toss. and
P(A1) = P(consecutive 6 tails in fire 6 tosses and 1 4 4 2 2 10 6 8
H/T in others) (P)
2 6 10 6 10 30 15
P(A2) = P(H in first toss and 6 consent tails)
(C) =P(One red from 1st and 2 black
= 1 27 from 2nd) +P(One black from 1st and one red and
one blaack from 2nd)
P(A2) = 1 27 P(A3) = 1 27
4 7 C 5 3 C X 7C1
P(A4) = 1 27 X 10 2 X 101
9 C2 9 C2
1 4 3 3
Read prob = 7 = 6
6
2 2 2 64 4 7.6 5 3.7.2
X X
19. P(HT.....HT) + P(THTH......TH) = 9 10.9 9 10.9
1 1
2. 10
28 7 63 7
2 512 (S )
135 27 135 15
2 3
20. 5C3 . 0.45 0.55
and = P(one black form Ist and 2 red
21. 1 P X 0 P X 5 from 2nd) +P(One red from 1st and one red and one
black from 2nd)
5 5
1 0.55 0.45
5 3 C 4 3 C X 7C1
4
X 10 2 X 101
22. 5C 4 . 0.45 0.55 9 C2 9 C2
23. (A) p ( ww) p ( RR ) P ( BB )
1 28 33 11
(T )
2 1 3 2 4 3 27 135 135 45
X X X
9 8 9 8 9 8