0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views

6.probability Lecture Sheet Solutions - Final - PMD

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views

6.probability Lecture Sheet Solutions - Final - PMD

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Probability M ATHS

PROBABILITY 3. a  A then a  P and a  Q


LECTURE SHEET - SOLUTIONS a  P and a  Q a  P and a  Q 4
Possiblties
1. P  A   5 36 P  B   6 36  1 6 a  P and a  Q
P A wins Exactly 5 elements are in P  Q
 the required probability is
       
= P  A   P  A B A   P  A B A B A   ... 5 17
    22 1 3
C5.     .
2 4 4
5 31 5 5  31.5  5
=  . .    .... 4. Total no of way 7 persons can get down in 9
36 36 6 36  36.6  16
floors is 97  n(s) = 97. out of
2
5   31.5   31.5   7, 2 can get down at one of the 9 floors in 7C2.
= 36   36.6   36.6   ....
1  
9
      C1 ways and the remaining 5 can get down at
8 floors in 8C5. 5! ways
  7 9 8
5  1   n(A) = C2. C1. C5.5!
30
= 36  31.5  = 7.6 8.7.6 5.4.3.2.1
 1   61 : 9. .
 36.6   P(A) .
2 3.2 9.9.95

      7 2.320
P
P(Bwins) =  A B   P  A B A B   ..... =
    95
2
5. The prob of drawing ‘3’ defective items in ‘9’
31 1   31.5   31.5  
4
= 36 6   36.6   36.6   ....
. 1   C3 .11 C6
      draws = 15
C9
31 1  36.6  th th
 P (10 item is 4 defcetive)
= .  
36 6  36.6  31.5 
= P(3 def. in draws  10th draw def.)
31 4
= C3 .11 C6 1
61 = 15 .
C9 6
P  Awins  30
  4
P  Bwins  31 =
65
2. A- - - - - - - - B
6. Let a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 be ‘5’ natural no’s x =
17 stations
Train do not stop at 13 station for none of the a1.a2...........a5
stations out of 4 to be consecutive, the favourable The units place of a1.a2...........a5 can be can of
cases are 14C4 i.e, in between 13 station 0,1,2, ..........9
 P(atleast 2 station to be consecutive) 5
 n(s) = 10 .
= 1-P(none consecutive) For the units place of ‘a’ to be 2, on 4 can 6 can
14
C4 8, we must not have 0 (or) 5 in the units place of
= 1  17 any ai.
C4
5
 no of way are 8
143 197
= 1  But all the numbers should not have 1,3,7,9 as
340 340
units place of ai at a time which can happen in
45 way

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    78
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
5 5
 no of favourable case = 8 - 4 3.4 3
= 
5
8 45
4 25
9925
26 5
 prob =   5
n(s) = 25C3
5 5
10 5 5 9.
7. Two no’s x and y can be chosen from 1,2, d = 1 d=2
.........65 in 1,2,3 1,3,5
65
C2 ways  n(s) = 65C2 2,3,4 2,4,6
d = 12
A = Event that x4 - y4 is divisible by 5.
23,24,25 21,23,25
x4 - y4 = (x - y) (x + y) (x2 + y2) 1,13,25
Arrange the no’s as 23 21
1,6,11, ..........61 1
2,7,12,...........62  n(A) = 23 + 21 +......+ 3 + 1 = 144
3,8,13,..........63
144 12.12.3.2.1 36
4,9,14,..........64  P(A) = 25 C  25.24.23  575
5,10,15,........65 3

Any two no’s from any row will be favourable


 4 6
for A. Also if one no. from one of the four rows 10. P  E   PF  
and other from the other three rows i.e., if any   11 13
two rows are selected and one no. from each 7  7
row is picked then they will be favourable for A P  E   P F
11   13
13 4
 n(A) = C 2
(5) + C2
.13.13 E and F are independent
= 13.6.5 + 6.13.13
= 13.6.18    

P E  F   P E  F
EF EF
n  A  13.6.18 27    
 P  A   
n  s 65.32 40  
P  E  F  P  E  F 
8. Let E1 = Event that A reports ‘9’ =    
E = Event that B reports ‘9’ P  E  F  P  E  F 
2
A = Event that ‘9’ occurs when two dice are
thrown.  411  613 
 711 713
= 7
E
  E
 
given that P 1 A  3 4 ; P 2 A  4 5 11
 6  42
13 13.11
91  66  42

24 49 73
=  
115 115 115
P  A 
 11. n(s) = 15C3 = 455
 E1  E2 
A = Event of selecting 3 persons of 15 such that
P  A  .P  E1  E2  no two are adjacent to each other
 A
n(A) = Total-(All three are together)

P  A  .P  E1  E2   P  A  P  E1  E2  -(Exactly ‘2’ are together)
 A    A 15
= C3 - 15 - 15(15 - 4)
= 455 - 15 - 165 = 275
1 3 4
. . n  A 275 55
9 4 5  P  A   
=1 3 4 8 1 1 n S  455 91
. .  . .
9 4 5 9 4 5

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    79
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
12. n(s) = 64C2 1000 
A = Event that there is exactly one cooner same 11     90
 11 
for the selected small squares
1 100 
n  A    4 1  24  2   36  4   no of no’s < 100 and dirisble by 11    9
2  11 
=98  no of three digit no’s divinble by 11 = 90-9 = 81.
It is given that the three digit no is divisble by 11. for
n  A 98.2 7 the same no to be divisible by 9, it should be
 P  A   
nS  64.63 144 divisible by 99.
13. Q = {1,2,3,4,5,6} no of no’s < 1000 divisible by
a, b, c  Q 1000 
3 99     10
 n (s) = 6  99 
A. Event that ax2 + bx + c is positive for any reat 100 
value of ‘x’. no of no’s < 100 divisible by 99    1
 99 
For A to happen,  < 0 which is same as total
no of cases when   0.  no of three digited no’s divible by 99 = 10-1
=9
ac a c 4ac   0 no of
b values way 9 1
 Read prob = 
81 9
1. 1 1 4 2,3, 4,5, 6 5
15. A = Event of getting sum 13 when 4 dice are
2 1 rolled
2.  8 3, 4,5, 6 8
1 2 E = Event of getting atlean one 4.

3 1 n  E  A
3.  12 4,5, 6 6 P(E/A) = n  A x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 =
1 3
13
4 1 n(A) = Coeff of x13 in (x + x2 + .... + x6)4 = 140

2 2  16 4,5, 6 9 no. of way in which exactly one 4 can be ob-
4.
1 4  tained is ( 4 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 13)
4
C1. Coeff of x9 in (x + x2 + x3 + x5 + x6)3 =
1 5
5.  20 5, 6 4 4.16 = 64
5 1 no. of way in which exactly tow 4 can be ob-
1 6 tained is (4 + 4+ x3 +x4 = 13)
4
2 3  C2. coeff pf x5 in (x + x2 + x3 + x5 + x6)2 = 6.2
 24 5, 6 8 = 12
6. 3 2
no. of way in which exactly three 4 can be ob-
6 1 
tained is (4 + 4+ 4 +x4 = 13)
7. ------------0 4
C 3= 4 way
2 4 80
8.
4 2
 32 6 2  n( E  A)  80  P E  A   140
9. 3 . 3 36 6 1 16. Out of 15 seats 5 persons can be arranged in
n(A) = 216 - 43 = 173 15
P5 way
15
P  A   173 216  n(s) = P5
14. no of no’s < 1000 and dirisble by It is given that the seats numbered 1 and ‘9’ are
occupied and no two are consecutive.

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    80
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
19. 3 identical coins are distribeld to 4 persons,
4+3-1
 n(s) = C3 = 20
2, 8, 10 should be alway vacant 3rd person in one person amons 4 can be selected in 4C1 way
and ‘2’ coins are given and the remains coin can
3rd chair, 4th person 5th chair 5th person has 6
be given to any one of the ‘3’ remainging in 3
way way
3rd person 3rd chair then no of way = 6 + 5 + 5
4 3.4 3
+ 3 + 2 + 1 = 22 way  n(A) = C1.3  P  A  
20 5
3rd person 4rd chair then no of way = 5 + 5 + 3
21.: n(s) 23C4.
+ 2 + 1 = 16 way
A = Event of selecting 4 nis in first 23 natural nis
3rd person 5rd chair then no of way = 5 + 3 + 2 such that their product is even.
+ 1 = 11 way B = Event of selecting 4 nis in first 23 natural nis
rd rd
3 person 6 chair then no of way = 3 + 2 + 1 such that their sum is odd.
= 6 way For ‘B’ to happen, 3 even nis ! odd (on 1 even
rd rd
3 person 7 chair then no of way = 3 + 2 + 1 no, 3 odd.
= 6 way In either case, produst will be even
3rd person 11rd chair then no of way = 1 way P A 1
B  
 n (A) = (22 + 16 + 11 + 6 + 6 + 1)5! 22. Let x = no of heads A tosses 2coin, B tosses 3
= 62(5!)
coins
17. B.operation on A is
x= 0 1 2 3
f :AxA A
no of binary operations on a set containing 10 P  Ax  : 1 4 1 2 1 4 0
elements is 10100.
100 P  Bx  : 18 3 8 3 8 18
 n(s) = 10
no of commutative binary operate on a set with Bi = Event that B wins in ith throw.
10 elements is 1055 P  B1   P  A0   P  B1   P  B2   P  B3  
55
 n(A) = 10  Probabilit y =
 P  A1   P  B2   P  B3  
1055 1

10100 1045  P  A2   P  B3  
Note : # of commutation binary operation on a
1 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 3
n  n 1
=     
set with ‘n’ elements is n 2 4  8 8 8  2  8 8  4  8 
18. Sum will be ‘2’ if ‘2’ is selected 5 times and -2 7 4 1 16 1
is selected 4 times. =   = 
4.8 2.8 4.8 4.8 2
Sum will be -2 if -2 is selected 5 times and ‘2’ is
selected 4 times. lly P(B2) = P(B3) = ................ = 1 2
Let
5 4 4 5
Di = The no of heads for both A and B is same in
9 9
 C5  P  2  P  2   C4 P  2  P  2 
= 126 [(0.3)5 (0.7)4 + (0.3)4 (0.7)5] their ith throw
= 126 (0.3)5 (0.7)4 + [0.3 0.7] P O1   P A0  P B0   P A1  P B1   P A2  P B2 
= 126 (0.21)4.
= 1 .1  1 . 3  1 .3
4 8 2 8 4 8

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    81
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
‘1’ to ‘6’ in ascending order.
n  A 62  5! 6
 P(A) = n  S   15
P5  n(A) = C3.1 = 20
n(s) = 63
23. P(Blank face) = 3 6  1 2 20
 P  A  5
6.6.6 54
P 1  1 6 ; P  2   1 6 ; P  3  1 6
26. no of way of gelting a sum ‘9’ when two dice
are rolled = 4
3 3 3 3 
 no of way of getting a sum ‘9’ when two no’s are
3 3 2 2 2 selected from {2,3,4,5,6,7,8} is ‘3’
are the different possiblities
1 2 3 3 3  P (sum = 9) = P(W). P(a) + P (R) P (a)
to get a sum of ‘12’. 7 4 8 3
= 15 . 36  15 . 7 C
5! 5! 5! 2
n  A    = 5 + 10 + 20
4! 3!2! 3! 7 1 8 3.2
= .  .
= 35 15 9 15 7.6
n  A 1 7 8
n (s) = 65  P  A  = 
nS  15  9 7 
Aliter x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 12 in (1 + x + x2 121
3 5 =
+x ) = 35 945
24. x 1 2 3 4 5 6 27. P(y2 >2xS)
P(x) a 2a a 2a a 2a 8

 P  x   1  9a  1  a  1 9 =t
 8 
0

2 x dx

6A. Event that the sum on the dice is 14 when 64


thrown 3 times

6 6 25 6 34 6 43 6 52 6 6
5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 64  64
= 3  1 1  2
4 4 4 5 4 6 64 3 3
3 5 3 6 28. n(s) = 1203
2 6 A = Event that the A.M of the three selected
no’s from first 120 natural no’s is 45.
In ‘9’ cases we have two odd n’s and on even
number.
In 6 cases we have all three even no’s x1  x2  x3
 45  x1  x2  x3  135  xi 20
2 3
 Reqred prob = 9 P(odd) P(even) + 6 P
n(A) = Coeff of x135 in (x + x2 + ....+x120)3
(even)3
2 3
= Coeff of x135 in x3 ( 1 + x2 + ........+ x119)3
   2 9  6 2 9
= 9 19 = Coeff of x132 in (1 - x120)3 (1 - x)-3
18 48 22 = Coeff of x132 in (1-3-x120) (1+3C1x + 4C2 x2
=   . + ......)
729 729 243
25. A : Event that the no in the second throw > first = 134C132 - 3.14C12. = 134C2 - 3.14C12
and third throw > second when a dice is thrown = 8911 - 273 = 8638
for 3 times.
‘A’ is equal to the event of arranging the nis from
AKASH MULTIMEDIA    82
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
n  A
 P  A 
nS 

8638
1203 P  AE4
 4
 E
P  E4  .P A
4

29. n(s) = 15C5  P  E  P  A E 


i 1
i
i
4 6 5 6 5 6 5
n(A) = C1 [ C3 C1 + C2 C2 + C1 C3]
P (E1) = P (E2) = P(E3) = P (E4)
+ 4C2 [6C2 5C1 + 6C1 5C2] + 4C3.6C1.5C1.
= 4[100 + 150 + 60] + 6[75 + 60] + 4.6.5 E
=2170  P  4  
 A
2170 310 P  A / E4 
P(A) = 
15
C5 429 .
P  A   P  A   P  A   P  A 
30. n(s) = 10.9.10.9 n (A) = 10.9.8.7  E4   E2   E3   E4 
10.9.8.7 28
P(A) = = 1
10.9.10.9 45 3 5 4 6
31. Sum on pair of dice can be 4,6,8,9,10,12 = 6 C3  6 C3  6 C3  6 C3
no of way are 3 + 5 + 5+ 4 + 3 + 1 C3 C3 C3 C3
= 21 6
C3 20 4
 n(A) = 21 ; n(s) = 36 = = 
1  4  10  20 35 7
21 7
 P  A   35. P(A) = 1-P (A does not get a pattle)
36 12
12
32. n(s) = 52C4 C4
= 1  15
A = Event of getting atleast ‘2’ kings C4
n(A) = 4C2.48C2 + 4C3.48C1 + 4C4 8
C P  A 2871
P  B   1  12 5  
4 48
C2 C2  4 C3 .48 C1  4 C4 C5 P B 4186
p(A) = 52
C4
6961
= 52
C4 36.
33. A = Event that the sum on 5 selected coins
enceeds 2.25
no of 1Re (4) no of 10 paise (6)  3 0  0 3  2 1  1 2 
2 3  0 3  3 0  1 2  2 1 
    
3 2
4 1  3  5  4  4   3  5  4   4 
n  A              
n(A) = C2. C3 + C3. C2 + C4.6C1
4 6 4 6 4
 3  0  0  3   0  3  3   0 
= 120 + 60 + 6 =186
 3  5  4   4   3  5  4  4 
186 31  2  1  1   2    1  2  2  1 
n(s) = 10C5 P(A) =            
C5 42 .
10

= 1124.
34. E1 = Event that 3 balls are white B = Event that all the 3 ladie guests are from
E2 = Event that 4 balls are white man’s side
E3 = Event that 5 balls are white
E4 = Event that 6 balls are white
P B  A  n nAAB 
A = Event that 3 balls drawn are white

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    83
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
 3  5  4  4  1  P  A  B
 0  3  3  0  =
P( B )
     
1124
42. In any random distribution each player must
40 10 have equal chance of getting ace of spades.
= 
1124 281  (c) is the correct answer..
P(A  B) Alternative solution.
37. P(A/B) = 39 26 13
P( B ) 51
C12 C13 C13 C13 1
52 39 26 13 =
P(A) - P(A  B) C13 C13 C13 C13 4
=
P( B ) 43. Probability of getting 6 on at least
2
P(A) - O  5  11
= one of the dice = 1 –  
P( B )  6  36
P( A) 25
=
P( B )  Probability of not getting =
36
b  Required probability
38. Pn = k 1
a b  25  11
(probability of drawing is black ball will not = 
 36  36
change at any trial) 44. There are two major ways in which a total of
a 34 can appear, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 4 or 6, 6, 6, 6, 5,
qn 
ab 5.
 pn + qn = 1 for all n.  Number of favourable outcomes
6! 6!
39. Required probability = + = 21
5! 4!2!
= P(RRR + RBR + BRR + BBR)
21
6 5 4 6 6 5  Required probability = 6
=   +   6
10 11 10 10 11 10  (3) is correct.
4 4 3 4 7 4 23 45. Bag 1 Bag  2 
+   +   = .
10 11 10 10 11 10 55 7 2 5 4
R w R w
3 1
40. P(yellow at the first toss) = = 2
6 2 chance of a white ball from B1 is
9
1
P(red at the second toss) = 4
3 chance of a white ball from B2 is
9
1
P(Blue at the third toss) = 24 8
6 
 prob that both balls are white is
9 9 81
1 1 1 1
 required probability =   = 46. 5 3 2
2 3 6 36 R W B

 (1) is correct 5 1
chance of a red ball is 
P  A  B 10 2
41. P  A/B  = 47. Let w1 = ball drawn in the first draw is white,
P( B ) b1 = ball drawn in the first draw is black.
w2 = ball drawn in second draw is white.
=

P AB  Then P(w2) = P(w1).P(w2/w1) + P(w2/b1).
P( B )
AKASH MULTIMEDIA    84
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
 m  m  k   n   m  2 1
      P  E 2   1  P  E1   1  
 m  n  m  n  k   m  n   m  n  k  3 3
m  E  E 1

mn and P  E   3P  E   2
 2  1
48. E1 : coin fair, E2 : coin is baised, A second toss
shows tail. Let A1 = E1  E and A2 = E2  E
Now required probability P(E)
P  A / E1  P  E1  = P(A1) + P(A2) = P  E1  E   P  E1  E 
P  E1 / A 
P  A / E1  P  E1   P  A / E2  P  E2  =

m 1 1 E  E 
. . P  E1  P    P  E 2  P  
 N 2 2  E1   E2 
m 1 1 Nm 2 
. .  . . 2 1 1 1 5
N 2 2 N 3 3  .  . 
3 6 3 2 18
9m 9m So that odds against winning of A are 13 : 5.
 
9m  8N  8m 8N  m 52. Let EA = the event of A becoming secretary.
49. Let Ei : denotes the event that the student will Similarly, EB and EC.
pass in the ith exam, i = 1, 2, 3 EL = the event of admitting lady members.
E : denotes the event that the student will qualify. 1 2 4
P(E) = P(E1).P(E2). Here, P  E A   , P  E B   , P  E C   .
3 9 9
p p Clearly, EA, EB, EC are mutually exclusive and
 p 2  px 1  p   1  p  x xp
2 2 exhaustive.
A l s o ,
2p 2  p 2  p3  p 2  p3 E  E  E 
 PE   2p 2  p3 P  L   0.6, P  L   0.7, P  L   0.5
2  EA   EB   EC 
50. Let P(A) = probability that A will hit B  the required probability
P(B) = probability that B will hit A =
P(C) = Probability that C will hit A
P(E) = Probability that A will be hit E  E  E 
P EA  .P L   P EB  .P L   P EC  .P L 
Then,  EA   EB   EC 
 
PE  1 P B  C  1 P B . P C     
1 3 2 7 4 5 26
1 2 2  x  x  x 
1 .  3 5 9 10 9 10 45
2 3 3
53. Required probability

1 2     
P A1 A2..... An  P A1 P A2 ......P An  
 P
 C  P  B  . P C  
 3
2
.
1 1 2 3 n
 = x x x.......x
 E  P E 2 2 2 3 4 n 1
3
n! 1
51. Let E = the event that horse A wins  
E1 = the event that jockey B rides horse A  n  1! n  1
E2 = the event that Jockey C rides horse A
 1 j 
According to question odds in favour of E1 =

 
 P A j  1  P  A j   1  1  j  1  j 

2:1
2 E 1
P  E1   and P  E   6 (since when
3  1
B rides A, all six horses are equally likely to
win)
AKASH MULTIMEDIA    85
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
54. Total number of way in which 8 letters can be
r n r
placed in 8 envelopes is 8! ways. The no. of way n r nr n 1 1
P  X  r   Cr p p  Cr     
in which exactly ‘3’ of them go to correct 2 2
envalopes is n
n 1
 1 1 1 1 1 Cr  
8
C3 .5! 1       2
 1! 2! 3! 4! 5! Now, P(X = 4), P(X = 5) and P(X = 6) are in
8
C3 A.P.
 Prob = [5! - 5! + 60 - 20 + 5 - 1]  2P(X = 5) = P( = 4) + P(X = 6)
8! n n n
8
= ( C3 .44) / 8! 1 1 1
 2. C5    n C 4    n C 6  
n

 2 2  2
8! 44 11
=   2 n C5  n C 4  n C6
5!3! 8! 180
1 1 1 1 3 1 1 n! n! n!
      2  
55. 2 3 2 6 6 6 3  n  5!5!  n  4 !4!  n  6 !6!
10 1
2 1 1
  
56. The probability of hitting in one shot   5  n  5   n  4  n  5  6x5
100 10
If he fires n shots, the probability f hitting at  n2 - 21 n + 98 = 0  (n - 7)(n - 14) = 0
least once  n = 7 or 14.
1
n n
59. Here n = 99, p  . Therefore (n + 1)p = 50.
 1  9 1 2
= 1   1    1     (from the question) So, P(X = r) is maximum when r = 50 or r =
 10   10  2
49.
 9  1
n
EXERCISE - 2
   Comphehensive Passages :
 10  2
1
n 2 log10 3  1   log10 2 1. P  A  P  B   P  C   .
3

n 
log10 2

0.3010
 6.5 nearly  A  4 9 ; P  E B   69 ; P  E C   39
P E
1  2 log10 3 1  2x0.4771
 for 6 shots, the probability is about 53%
while for 7 shots it is nearly 48%.  A  5 9 ; P  F B   93 ; P  F C   96
P F

n nr
P X  r C r 1  p  46 5
57. We have, P X  n  r


 n Cn  r 1  p r

P E
A B  
99

9

n  2r n  2r
 E 
P A
 1 p  1 

 p 
    1
p  2.  A
P  A .P E
For this to be independent of n and r, we must P  A .P  E   P  B .P  E   P  C  P  E 
A B C
1 1
have  1  1 p 
p 2 = 413
58. Clearly X is a binomial variate with parameters
1 P F  
n and p  such that 3.
2 P  A P F  A  P  B  P  F B   P  C  P  F C 

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    86
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
1 5 3 6 7! 8!
=   n  A  8
P2 
3  9 9 9  4! 2! 4! 2!
14 32
= P  A 
27 165
4. Consider an element a A then 10. n(s) = 6
a  E and a  F
a E & aF  1 1 1 1 1 1
n  A  6 1       
a E & aF  1 2 3 4 5 6
a E & aF = 360 - 120 + 30 - 6 + 1
= 265
10
3 265 53
PE  F       P  A  
4 6 144
5. E and F have evenal no of elements.
n(A) = 10C0 10C0 + 10C1 10Cl + ........... +  1 1 1 1
11. n  A 6 C2 4 1     
10
C10 10C10  1 2 3 4
= 15. [12 - 4 + 1] = 15.9
n(s) = 210.210
15.9 3
C 20  p  A  =
 P  A  1010 6 16
4
12. 1-p(no letter go to wrons)
3 7
1 3 1
6. P  n  E  F   3 10 C3 .   .  719
4 4 =1  6 =
720
10  38 13. P(A) = Prob. that the first ball is defective
=
49 10 1
 [ total number of balls = 10 + 10 = 20
7. Event that ‘S’ appear is even places 20 2
5
P4 7 and number of defective balls = 10]
n  A  .  (c ) holds.
4 42
14. P (B) = The second ball is non-defective
1
 P  A  
10 1
 [  non -defective ball = 10 out of
66 20 2
8. Consider twoI’ of two pairs as 2 units
total 20]
7! P (C) = Prob. ( Both balls are either defective or
Arrange 7 retten in 4! 2! non - defective )
There are 8 gaps for those pain can be arranged 1
(  balls are either defective or non - defec-
8
P2 2
in way tive )
2
8 1 1 1
7! P2  P(B) . P(C) = . 
 n  A  2 2 4
4! 2! 2
 (a) holds.
14 15. P  A  B  C   0  A  B  C   
P  A 
165
 (a) holds.
9. P(exactly 3’s together) + P(4’s together)
16. P(0) = Prob. of the event A that the ball drawn is

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    87
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
w P2 and P3 . Now P2 on receiving a letter from
whit, if no ball is lost 
bw P1 will write to two persons other than himself .
[  total number of balls = b + w and number of
white balls = w ) so, P2 has  n  1 Choices including a choice in
 (b) holds which he may write to P1 .
17. Let E denote hte event that the ball lost is white
 Probability that P2 will not write to P1 is
w
 P E   n2
wb
  .Similarly, probability that P3 will not write
w  n 1 
and P  E ' 
wb  n2
to P1 is  
A w 1  n 1 
P   
 E  w  b 1  P  A 2   Probability that P1 does not receive
A w a letter at 2nd stage.
P  
 E '  w  h 1  n2  n2
 x 
by total Prob. rule.  n 1   n  1 
P (1) = Probability of the event A that the ball
2
drawn is white if 1 ball is lost .  n2
 P A2    
A A  n 1 
P  A   P  E  P    P  E ' P  
E  E'   c  holds.
w  w  1 bw 20. Now, each of the four persons reciving letters
 
 w  b  w  b  1  w  b  w  b  1 from P2 and P3 will write two letters each to other
persons probability that none of these four per-
w  w  b  1 w
  so ns write letters to P1 is
 w  b  w  b  1 w  b
4
 n  2  P  A3  
  c  holds .     Probability that dos not re-
 n  1   A2 
18 Similar to Q 37 (a) holds.
ceive a letter at 3rd stage.
19. Suppose, P1 begins the chain letter and let A1
4 22
be the event that P1 does not receive a letter at n2 n2
   
ith stage , i = 2,3 ....... m and A be the even that  n 1   n 1 
P1 does not receive a letter in first m stages .  (c) holds.

Then , A  A 2  A 3  A 4  .....  A m  A4 
21. Similarly P  A  A   Probability that P1
 2 3 
 P  A   P  A 2  A3  A 4  .....  A m 
does not receive a letter at 4th sate.
 A   A4  8 23
P  A 2  .P  3  .P   ......  n2  n 2
 A 2   A 2  A3     
 n 1   n 1 
 Am  Continuing in this manner, we have
P 
 A 2  A 3  .....  A m 1   Am 
P   Probability that
Thus , let P1 begins the chain letter , writting to  A 2  A 3  ....  A m1 

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    88
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
P1 does not receive a letter at mth stage    
 P  An 1  .P Hn  P  An 2  .P Hn 1 .P  Hn 
m1
2
n2  Pn 1 1  P   Pn 2 1  P  .P
 
 n 1 
Pn  1  P  Pn 1  P 1  P  Pn  2
  d  holds.
 P3  1  P  P2  P 1  P  P1
22. If n = 1, in this case, the coin is tossed once only.
The possible outcomes are H,T.Consequently,  1  P 2   P 1  P  .1
there cannot be two or more consecutive heads.
Hence. P1  1  1  P  P 2  P3  P  P 2
 (d) holds.  1  2P 2  P3
23. When n = 2  1  P  P 2   1  P 
In this cse, the coin is tossed twice. Let Hi de-
25. 0  p1 , p 2 , p3  1
note the event of getting head in ith toss.
and 0  p1  p 2  p3  1
i  1, 2 then P2  Probability that no two con-
secutive head occure  1  Probability that two  1 
consecutive head occure  1  p  1  0  2 1  p   1
 
 1  p  H1  H 2 
1  1 
  p  1  0  1  2p   1
 1  p  H1  .p  H 2  2  3 

 1  p2 1  1 
  p  1  0   2  3p   1
3  5 
p2  1  p2
24. When  3 37 7
and   p  
We observe that the outcome of nth toss can be 23 23
head or tail.
 1 1 1 
 two or more consecutive heads cannot occur  0  2 1  p   3 1  2p   5  2  3p   1
in the following mutually exclusive ways:  
th
i) When the outcome of n toss is tail and there Clearly no value of P is possible
are not two or more consecuitve heads in first (n  (d) holds.
- 1 ) tosses.
2) When the outcome of nth toss is head, then the 26. Since p1  p 2  p3  
 27   1
outcome of (n - 1) th toss must be a tail and there 27
are no two or more consecutive heads in first ( n p  p 2  p3 1
- 2) tosses .  1 
3 3
Thus, if we define
  1 1
Hi  getting head in ith toss.  p1p2 p 3   
27 27
Ai  not getting two or more consecutive heads
1/ 3 1
in first i tosses . Then .   p1p 2 p3  
3
Pn  Probability or not getting two or more con-
secutive heads in first n tosses p  p 2  p3 1/ 3
 1   p1p 2 p3 
3
  
 P H n  A n 1  Hn  H n 1  A n  2  i.e A.M.= G.M.
1
  
 P H n  A n 1  {P H n  H n 1  A n 2   p1  p 2  p3 
3
AKASH MULTIMEDIA    89
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
1 1 1 1 1 5
3
1 5 1
6
 p1p 2  p 2 p3  p3 p1         X    X  ......
9 9 9 3 6 6 6 6 6
a 1
  a 9 1
27 3
 6 36
  a  holds. 5
3

1   91
27 Similar to Q 25   b  holds. 6
q = The probability of B’s winning
EXERCISE - 3 MATCHING
4 7
1. (A) The chance of getting a head with a coin 5 1 5 1 5 1
 X    X    X  .......
1 6 6 6 6 6 6
is . A can win in 1st, 4th or 7th .......
2
throws 5 1
X
30
 P=The chance of A’s winning  6 63 
3 6 5 91
1 1 1 1 1 1  
    X    X  ... 6
2  2 2 2 2
and r=1 - (p+q)
1
 36  30 
2 4  1  
 3
  91 
1 7
1   66
2  1
91
B can win in 2nd, 5th or 8th ......throws 25
 q=The chance of B’s winning 
91
1 4 7
1 1 1 1 1 1 p : q = 6: 5 (R)
   X    X    X  ... (C) p= The probability of A’s winning
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 1 1 3 2 1 1 3 2
1 1    . .  .   . .  .  ...
X 3 3 2 4 3 3 2 4 3
 2 2 2
3
1 7 2
1  
2  3
 1 3
1
and r= The chance of c’s winning 1  . . 
3 2 4
=1-(p+q)
2
4 2 1 16
 1     3
7 7 7 7 21
3 1 8
p:q=2:1 p  r  , q  r  ( P, Q , T ) q = The probability of B’s winning
7 7
(B) The chance of getting a ‘six’when a dice is
2
1 1 1 1 1 31 1 1 1 3 1 1
thrown   .      ...
6 3 2  3. 2. 4.  3. 2.  3. 2. 4.  3. 2.
 The chance of not getting a ‘six’, when a
dice is not thrown
1 5
 1
 
6 6
P=The probability of A’s winning
AKASH MULTIMEDIA    90
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
2 3 6
V  nqp  5. . .
1 1 (B) 5 5 5
.
 3 2 6
1 1 3 S  nqp 
1  . .  5
3 2 4 V  S 2 ( P)
1
4 V2 6
6 
7 21 S2 5
8  5(V 2  S 2 )  S 2 ( R)
 r  1  ( p  q)
 16 4  1 24 24
 1    V  nqp  25. . 
(C) 25 25 25
 21 21 
1 24
 S  nqp 
21 5
3 1 V  S 2 ( P)
q  r   ( p)
21 7
V 2 24
15 5 
pr   (S ) S 2 25
21 7
49

1
2. (A) V 2  S2 
 2 2 
 7(T )
1 4 4  S V 
V  npq  5. . 
5 5 5
3. Explanation :
4 2
S  npq   (i) (b) Give one victory to S1 then, remain-
5 5 ing 7 wins are to be given to any of 15 players.
V  S 2 ( P) C7 15
1
V2 4  P(S1 is the winner) = C8
= 16
 2
S2 5 (ii) (a) Now P(S1 or S2 (not both) are
S2 5 winner)
 
V2 4 2  14 C7 8
= 16 =
 4(S 2  V 2 )(Q) C8 15
S 2 V 2 9 (iii) (c) Finally P(both S1 and S2 are win-
  ners)
S 2 V 2 1
14
C6 7
 S 2 V 2  = 16 = .
  2 2 
 3( S ) C8 30
 S V  4. (A)
1 1
PA  , P  B 
4 5
1
P C 
6
1 3
P  A '  1  
4 4

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    91
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
1 4  3 q  27
P  B '  1    p 2q 2   2  
5 5  p p  32
1 5
P  C '  1   2. Exhaustive cases Favourable cases
6 6 12  31
C31
reqd. prob. = 1  P  A '  P  B' P  C ' 12  3 2   31
C31
3 4 5 1 1 = 91
 1 . .  1 
4 5 6 2 2 = 28
A  r 28 4
 Probability = 
B) P ( at least two heads ) 91 13
4
 P  HHT, HTH, THH, HHH  16
3. Favourable area =  xdx 
0
3
4 1
  [  total no . of Exhaustive area = 16
8 2
1 3
equally likely cases  23  8 ]  probability = 
3 9
B r 
p A1  A 2  A3  .......  A 7  
C) In 365 days, there are 52weeks and 1day.
4.
clearly there are 52sundays in 52weeks. the p  A  .p  A  .....p  A 
1 2 7

remaining 1day, can be sunday, Monday ,......


1 1 2 3 4 5 7
 Prob. for 53sundays = = . . . . .
7 2 3 4 5 6 8
Cp
1 1
d) Total number of equally likely cases = 8   k  2
8 2k  2
If at least one of the coins show head, the
5. Let E1 denote the event that one of the first n
reqd. prob.
urns is chosen and E 2 denote the event that
1 1
For all heads =   n  1 th urn is selected . Let A denote the event
8 1 7
that two balls drawn are black.
D p
n 1
Then P  E1   .P  E 2  
EXERCISE - IV (INTEGER ANSWER TYPE) n 1 n 1

1. Let the second success occur at the nth trial. This 5C 2


means that there was exactly one success in the and P  A / E1  
10 C
2
 By Baye’s Theo-
2
9
first n - 1 trials, so that the probability of getting
the second success at the nth trial is rem, required probability
pn   n 1
C1pq n 11
 p   n  1 p q
2 n2

P  E2 / A  
P  E 2  P  A / E2 
Therefore the probability of the required event is P  E1  P  A / E1   P  E 2  P  A / E 2 
p4 + p5 + p6 + . . . .
= p 2 q 2  3  4q  5q 2  6q 3  ....  1 2
1   2
   n 1  9 
16  n  1   n  2  3n  2
  
 p 2q 2 3 1  q  q 2  q 3  ....  q 1  2q  3q 2  ...  
      
 n  1  3   n  1  9 
1 2
 p 2q 2 3 1  q   q 1  q   1
   3n  2  32  3n  30

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    92
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
 n  10  0010 x 21 x
8 1  1 1 
6. Let E ij denote the event that ball bearing colour Now , P  A   9 1   2    9 1   2  
       
i is transferred from urn A to urn B and the ball
bearing colour j is transferred from urn B to the A  E E 1 2  E1E 2 
run A. Let A denote the event that a ball bearing
red colour is drawn from urn A after transfer. We dP  A 8  1 
x
2
 1   1 21 x 
    log   1  log 2
have . dx 9  2   9   2  
4 6 2
P  E RR   x  dP  A 
9 12 9 Now we must have 0
dx
4 6 2
P  E RB   x   x  3  21  x  2x  24
9 12 9
5 6 25 d2P  A 
P  E BR   x   x  12 also ,  0 for x  12
9 12 108 dx 2
Hence P(A) is maximum where x = 12 = 0012
5 7 35
P  E BB   x  8. Let W denote the event of drawing a white ball
9 12 108 at any draw and B that for a black ball. Then
4 3 1 a b
Also , P  A / E RR   ; P  A / E RB    Pw  and P  B  
9 9 3 ab ab
5 5 P(A wins lthe game )
 A / E BR  
; P  A / E BB  
 P(W or BBW or BBBBW or ............)
9 9
We know that  P  W   P  BBW   P  BBBBW   ......
P  A   P  E RR  P  A / E RR   ......
P W P B P B P B P B P B P B P W ......
2 4 2 1 25 5 35 5
 x  .  x  x
9 9 9 3 108 9 108 9 a
P  W ab a  a  b ab
8 2 125 175  2
  
    1  P  B b2 2
a  2ab a  2b
81 27 972 972 1 2
 a  b
96  72  300 486 117
  
972 972 243 ab b
Aslo P(B wins the game )  1  
 243P  117  0117 a  2b a  2b
7. Let A denote the event that the target is hit when According to the given condition
x shells are fired at point 1. Let E1E 2 denote the ab b
  3.  a  2b
event. a  2b a  2b
8 1 a
We have , P  E1   , P  E 2    a : b  2 :1 i.e.,  2  0002
9 9 b
x 9 Let Ei denote the event that the bag contains i
1
 P  A / E1   1   
2 black and 10  i  white balls ( i = 0, 1,2 .... 10)
21 x Let A denote the event that the three balls drawn
1 at random from teh bag are black, We have
and P  A / E 2   1   
2
1
P  Ei    i  0,1, 2,.....,10 
11

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    93
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
P  A, Ei   0 for i  0,1, 2
11. Let E A  the event of a becoming secreatary .
i
C3 Similarly , E B and E C
and P  A / E i   10
for i  3
C3 E L  the event of admitting lady members
Now, by the total probability rule
1 2 2
10 Here, P  E A   , P  E B   , P  E C  
P  A    P  Ei  P  A / Ei  3 9 9
i 0 Clearly, E A , E B , E C are mutually exclusive land
1 1 exhaustive.
 x 10  3C3  4 C3  ..... 10 C3 
11 C3 Also, P  E L / E A   0.6P  E L / E B   0.7
But 3 C3  4 C3  5 C3  ...... 10 C3 P  E L / E C   0.5
 the required probability,,
4 4 5 10 3 4
 C 4  C3  C3  ......  C3  C3  1  C 4   P  E A  .P  E L / E A   P  E B  .P  E L / E B  
5 5 6 10
 C 4  C3  C3  ......  C3 P  E C  .P  E L / E C 
6 C4  6 C3  ...... 10 C3  .....11 C4 1 3 2 7 4 5 26
 x  x  x 
11
C4 1 2 5 9 10 9 10 45
Thus, P  A   45P  E   26  0026
11x  10C3 4
By the Bayes’ rule
**************
P  E9  P  A / E9 
P  E   P  E9 / A  PROBABILITY
P A PRACTICE SHEET - 1 - SOLUTIONS
1. A = Event that a person wins fir n game
1  C3 
9
3  2
11 10 C3 14 P (A) = P A 
  5   5
1 55 Ai = Event that a person wins ith game after first game
4 P(atleast 3 win out of 4 game)
=
55P  E   14  0014
 
10. Let E1 , denote the event “a coin with two heads P  A1 A2 A3 A4   P  A1 A2 A4   P  A1 A2 A3 A4  
   
“ is selected and E 2 , denote the event “a fair
 
  
 .
coin is selected “. Let A be the event “ the toss P  A1 A2 A3 A4   P  A1 A2 A3 A4 
results in heads “. Then    

1 n 3
 
4
2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2
P  E1   ; P E2   =   . . .  . . .  . . .  . . .
n 1 n 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1 4 2 2 3
P  A / E1   1 and P  A / E 2    3 3  2 3 2
2 =    3.        .
5 5  5 5 5

 P  A   P  E1  P  A / E1   P  E 2  P  A / E 2  34 33.2 2 33.2
=  4  4
54 5 5
7 1 n 1 7
  x1  x  P  A    34
12 n  1 n 1 2  12  =  3  4  2
54
 12  6n  7n  7  n  5  0005

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    94
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
35
=
54
2. x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 10 on 11, 1  xi  6
6.
coeff of x10 + coeff of x11 in (x + x2 + ...... + x6)4
= coeff of x6 + coeff x7 in (1 + x + .......... + x5)4
= coeff of x6 + coeff x7 in (1 - x6)4 (1 - x)-4 n(s) = 64C5
= coeff of x6 + coeff x7 in (1 - 4x6) (1 + 4C1x + 5C2 A = Event of selecting 5 squares along diagonal
x2 + .........) of a chess board
= 9C6-4 + 10C7 - 16 = 184 n(A) = 2.8C5 + 4(7C5 + 6C5 + 5C5) = 224
n(s) = 6.6.6.6
 P  A   224 64
184 23 C5
 P  A  
6.6.6.6 162 7. The four digit no’s formed by 0,1,2,3,4,5 divisible
3. no. of one-one mappings from a set A with 4 by ‘3’ are the no’s whose digits are
elements to a set B containing 7 elements in 7P4. 1,2,4,5
 no. of many one fin = 74 - 7P4. 0,1,2,3
0,4,5,3
74 7 P4
 P  A  0,4,3,2
74 0,1,5,3
7 4  7.6.6.5 For a no to be divisible by ‘6’ it should be even
= and divisble by ‘3’
74
1,2,4,5  - - - - - - - -2,4
223 3.2.1 2 = 12 way
=
343 0,1,2,3  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _0 = 6 way
4. no. of numbers that are divisible by ‘8’ from 1 to 0_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 = 6-2 = 4 way
0,4,5,3  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 = 6 way
120  0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 = 4 way
120 =    15 .
 8  0, 4, 3, 2  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 = 6 way
no. of no’s that are divisible by both ‘8’ 0_ _ _ _ _ _ _2 = 4 way
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 = 4 way
120 
1 6     5  LCMof 8 1 6  24 0,1,5,3  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 = 6 way
 24 
 total no of number divinble by ‘6’ are
 no. of no’s that are divisible by ‘8’ but not with ‘6’ 12 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 6
are 10. = 36 + 16 = 52
 P(divisible by 6/divisible by 8)  n(A) = 52
10 2    
n (s) = 300 5.5.4.3
= 
15 3
52 13
5. x  1, 2,3.......89,90 P  A  
300 75
 n(s) = 90. 8. n(s) = 15C2
50 A = {(x,y) = |x-y|>7}
x  25  x 2  25 x  50  0
x when x = 1, y {9,10,11,12,13,14,15}
x = 2 y {10,11,.......15}
 x   2.2, 22.7  x = 7 y  {15}
 the no. of favourable values for the events are the  n(A) = 1+2+........+7 = 28
no of no’s in {1,2,23,24,..........89,90}= 70
28 4
n(A) = 70 P  A   15 
C2 15
70 7
 P(A) = 
90 9

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    95
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
9. no of ‘7’ digit numbers formed using 0,1,2,3,4,5 17. S = {SM, MT, TW, WTn, TnF, FSa, Sas}
is n(s) = 5.66.  n(s) = 7
A = Event that the 7 dight no is divisible by ‘3’ A = {SaS} ; n(A) = 1
n (A) = 5.65.2
 P  A  1 7
5
5.6 .2 1
 P  A   18. A = Event of 53 sunday in a leapyear
5.66 3
B = Event of 52 monday in a leapyear
10! n(A) = 2 Event of n(B) = 5; n  A  B   1
10. n  S  
4!2!
A = Event that 2R’s come together and no n  A  n  B   n  A  B 
 P  A  B 
A come together in MAHARASTRA n s
6
P4 2  5 1 6
n  A  5! 
4! = 7
7
n  A 5! 6 P4 4!2! 19. E1 = Event of selections c non - leapyear.
n  A   E2 = Event of selections c leapyear.
nS  4! 10!
A = Event of 53 fridays or 53 thusday
1 A
 E2 = {with, thF, Fsa}
42
11. Probability of exactly one of M or N to occur A
E1 = {Th, F}
is P  MN 

=P(M) +P(N) - 2P  M  N  P  E1   3 4 ; P  E2   1 4


 1  P  m   1  P  N    2 1  P(M  N   P A  E   27 ; P  A E   37
1 2

   
 P M  P N  2 p M  N 
   P  A   P  E  .P  A   P  E  .P  A 
1 E1
2 E
2
 P  M  N '   P  M ' N 
3 2 1 3
 .  .
12. P  A  B   P  A   P  B   1 and 4 7 4 7

P  A  B  P  A   P  B  9
= .
28
50 20. sum
13 mp  p.c  cm  2mpc 
100 0,1,2,3,5  111
40 1,2,3,5,6  17
mp+pc+cm – 3mpc = 2,3,5,6,0  16
100
3,5,6,0,1  15
10 5,6,0,1,2  14
 mpc  also m+p+c –
100 6,0,1,2,3  12
only 15 and 12 are divisible by ‘3’
75
 mp  pc  cm   mpc   n(A) = 2 (5! - 4!) = 2.4.4!
100
2.4.4! 8
135 27 p  A  
m  p  c   5.5!5 25
100 20
21. For a no to be divisible by ‘6’, it should be
14. even and divisible by ‘3’
15. no of event no’s formed by 3,5,6,0,1 is
16. = 4! + 4! - 3!
= 42
AKASH MULTIMEDIA    96
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
no of even no’s formed by 6,0,1,2,3 is ,  are the roots of
= 4! + 2(4! - 3!) 2
x  (   ) x    0
= 60
 n(A) = 102 7 1
 x2  x 0
102 51 17 6 3
P  A    2
600 300 100  6 x  7 x  2  0( R)
22. -------- 5  4  3  0
4.4.3.2 = 96 
 Locus of ( ,  ) is 4x-3y=0 (Q)
1
-------- 3 0 (B) P(S) =
5 40 25 15
P(M )  , P( M  S ) 
4.3.2.3 = 72 100, 100 100
n(A) = 168 15
168 7  S  P ( S  M ) 3
P  A     P    100 
600 25 M  P( M ) 25 5
23. Explanation : 100
(a) ® (r) The required and
event will occur if last digit in all the chosen
15
numbers is 1, 3, 7 or 9.
M  P (S  M ) 100 3
n   P   
 4  S  P(S ) 40 8
 Probabiltiy =   .
 10  100
(ii) ® (a) The required event will occur if last  ,  are the roots of
digit in none of the chosen numbers is 0 or 5
and last digit in atleast one of the chosen x 2  (   ) x    0
numbers is 2, 4, 6, 8.  39  9
n n  x2    x  0
 8   4  40  40
 Probability =   –  
 10   10   40 x 2  39 x  9  0( S )
(iii) ® (b) The required event will occur if last  5  8  0
digit in none of the chosen numbers is 0, 2, 4,
6, 8 and last digit in atleast one of the numbers  Locus of ( ,  )is 5x-8y=0
is 5.
n n
 5  4 30 20 10
 Probability =   –   . (C) P ( E )  , P(H )  , P(E  H ) 
 10   10  100 100 100
24. (A) P(E) = 
20 15 10 10
, P( M )  , P( E  M ) 
E  P ( E  H ) 1
100 100 100   P   100 
H  P( H ) 20 2
10 100
M  P ( E  M ) 1 and
  P    100 
E  P( E ) 20 2 10
100 H  P ( E  H ) 100 1
  p   
and E  P( E ) 30 3
10 100
 E  P ( E  M ) 100 2
  P  
15
  ,  are the roots of
M  P (M ) 3
100 x 2  (   ) x    0
AKASH MULTIMEDIA    97
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
 6 x 2  5 x  1  0(T )  P  A  B   P  A  B   0.6
 2  3   0
Here, P  A  B  max  0.4
 Locus of ( ,  ) is 2x-3y =0 (P)
25. x = 10 M + r1, r1, r2  (0, 1, 2, . .9) P  A  B max.  1
y = 10 n + r2
Hence,
P  B max  0.4  1.0  0.6  0.8
 
x 2  y 2  102 m 2  n 2  10  2mr1  2nr2   r12  r22

x2 + y2 is divisible by 10  r12  r22 is divisible


PRACTICE SHEET - 2 - SOLUTIONS
by 10
(0, 0); (1, 3) (1, 7); (2, 4) (2, 6); (3, 1) (3, 9); 1. E1 = Event that ‘P’ rider the horse A
(4, 2) (4, 8); (5, 5); (6, 2) (6, 8); (7, 1) (7, 9); E2 = Event that ‘Q’ rider the horse A
(8, 4) (8, 6); (9, 3) (9, 7).
E3 = Event that ‘R’ rider the horse A
18 9 A = Event that horse A win the race
P  
10.10 50
P  E1   1 P  E 2   1 ; P  E3   1
50P  9 2 3 6
26. Exhaustive events
Favourble events
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 16
P A
E1  
1
8
P A
E2  
 2 ; P  A   3
8  E3  8
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 16
= 5 24
1  xi  6
2  xi  5 1 .1
= 735
P E1
A  
 2 8 . 
1 24 3
P  A  16 5 10
= 135

 Probability =
135 27

735 147
2. P E1  
A
 1  P E1  
A
3
 1  7
10 10
49.27 3. The total pairings are
 9
147 P1P2 P3P4
27. G1 = 1, 4, 7 (G1 G1) (G2 G2) (G3 G3) P1P3 P2P4
G2 = 2, 5, 8 (G1, G2)
G3 = 3, 6, 9 P1P4 P2P3
4 2
Favourble cases = 3 C 2 .3  3 C1 .3 C1 = 18 (or) ( C2. C2)/2!)
18 18.2 1 only one pairing favours P3
 Probability = 9 C  9.8  2 1
2
 Required probabilities =
p2 3
2
28. p  4  0 p2 - p - 2  0  (1) is the correct answer..
 4 
4. We must get 2, 3, 4 or 5 in one trial
 p  [2, 5]
3 6 4 2
 probability =  probability = =
5 10
  6 6 3
29. 4
2 16
P  A  B  P A  , P B  P A  B  P  A  B  Required probability =   =
3 81
 P  A   P  B  P  A  B
11. If E and F are in dependent than E, F' and E' ,
30. We have P  A  B  = P(A)+P(B) - P  A  B 
F and E', F' are all independent
P  B  P  A  B   P  A  B   P  A 
 
P  E / F   P E / F  P  E   P E1  1 

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    98
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
P  A  B  P  A   P  B  1
12. 
P A B   0.2  2
P
 A  B  P  A   P  B   1 P A   0.5 5
P B P B

P  A1  P  B1   1  P  A   1  P  B  
 1  P  A   P  B  P  A  P  B 20.

 1  P  A  B
1
13 Let P (E) = x : P(F) = y then x.y =
2
1
and 1  x 1  y  
2
p(x < y) = P (x = 2 and y  3) + P(x = 3
1 1 1 1
 x  , y  of x  and y  and y  4) + etc
4 3 3 4 =
14. A and B are independent events
1
P  B / A   P  B   (a) is wrong
1.3 2.333.30 4.265.4 6.155.104.63.3 2.1
36.36

P  B1  A1   P  A1   P  B1   P  A1  P  B1  575
=
1296
 (b) is wrong.
12

21. P  x  y    P  x  i and x  i 
 1

P  A  B   P  A1   P  B1   P  A1  B1   P  A1  .P  B1   i2

(C) is correct =
P  A / B   P  A   (D) is correct 1
1  4  9  16  25  36  25  16  9  4  1
36.36
15. P  E / F   P  E1 / F   P  E   P  E 1   1
146 73
= 
P  E / F1   P  E1 / F1   P  E   P  E1   1 36.36 648
16. 4 3
22. P(x = 5 and y = 10) = .
36 36
17. P A B   P PAB B  1 1
= .
9 12
P  A  P  B   P  A  B 
= 1
P  B =
108
0.5  0.6  0.8 23. (A)  = 1 – Problem will not be solved
=
0.6 = 1 – P  A  B  C = 1 – P A  P B P C
= 12  1  1  1
= 1 –  1-  1-   1- 
 2  3  4
18. P A A B   P PAA A B B   1 1 2 3
=1–  
2 3 4

P B A 
19. P B A  p A  = 1
1 3

4 4

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    99
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
and  = P  A  B  C  + P  A  B  C  + 1
    (T )
24
P  A  B  C
11
and     (R)
= P(A) P( B ) P( C ) + P(A) P(B) P(C) + 24
P(A) P(B) P(C) 24.
Explanation :
i) (b), (c), (d), (e) If A, B, C are indep
1  1  1  1 1  1 endent, then they are pairwise independent
= . 1-  .  1-  +  1-  . .  1   + also.
2  3  4  2 3  4
ii) (e) is straight forward.
 1  1 1 iii) (a) by definition.
 1   1   . 25. There are 24 ways of dealing with four alterna-
 2  3 4
tives.
6 3 2 11 24  1 answers
= + + =
24 24 24 24 1
Probability of getting correct answer is 4
3 11 29 7 2 1
 += + = and  + 
4 24 24 24 n 1
If ‘n’ attempts are made 
(Q.S) 4
2 1 5
1 1 1 n > 3
(B) Here, P(A) = , P(B)= , P(G) =  n = 4.
2 3 4
PRACTICE SHEET - 3 - SOLUTIONS

1. Let E1 be the event that the man reports that ‘ it
  
= P ( A B C)  P( A B C)  P( A BC) ‘ is a six
“ E “ be the event that six occures
P  E  .P  E1 / E 
   p  E / E1  
 P(A)P(B)P(C)  P(A)P(B)P(C)  P(A)P(B)P(C) P  E  P  E1 / E   P  E1  .P  E1 / E1 

1 3
1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 x
 . .  . .  . . 6 4
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4   3/ 8
1 3 5 1
6  x  x 
 6 4 6 4
24
Ans : a
and     p ( A).P ( B ).P (C ) 2. Suppose that A and B may agree in a
1 7 statement if they
  i) Both speak truth . Probability of this
24 24
event = x . y
1 13
 and     and     ( P, T ) ii) Both do not speak truth = 1  x 1  y 
24 24
R.Prob
statement is true
2 5 5 = statement is true  statement is false
(C)   X 
6 8 24
4 3 6 xy xy
and  X   =
6 8 24 xy  1  x 1  y  1  x  y  2xy
Ans : a

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    100


Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
3. Let C,S,B,T be the events of the person going 06. Let “ A “ be the event that the rose bush
by car , scooter, Bus or train, respectively Let has withered
“L” be the event that the person reaches the of- “A” be the event that the guardner did not
fice lately , then withered
“ A2” be the event that the guardener withered .
P A1  .P  A/ A1  3

 C  P L / C .P  C 
P  
 P  A1 / A  
P  A1  p  A/ A1   P A2  P  A/ A2  4
L P L   Ans :C
1/ 7  7 / 9  7. Ans: b
 8. Let A1,A2 respectively as the events of
 1  7   3   8   2  5 
 7  9    7   9    7  9    8 / 9 1/ 7  choosing U1 and U2 Let B be the event of
          drawing a white ball , then out of three trails
4. Let A0: 4 balls drawn from 1st urn consists of O the events succeds once and fails twice ,
so that .
white + 4 black
A1: 4 balls drawn from first urn consists of 1 white 1
P  A 1  . P  B / A 1  1  P  B / A 1 
2

+ 3 black P 1 2
P  A 1  . P  B / A 1  1  P  B / A 1 
A2: 4 balls drawn from first urn consists of 2 white
1 2
+ 2 black  P  A 2  .P  B / A 2  1  P  B / A 2 
A3: 4 balls dran from first urn consists of 3 white = 8/17
+ 1 black Ans : a
A4: 4 balls drawn from first urn consists of 4white
+ O black 8 /1 0 s t a n d a rd
Let B & C respectively be the events that a white 9. 7 /1 0 I 2 /1 0
ball is drawn from the second urn in first and 3 /1 0 n o n - s ta n d a r d
second drawn II 9 /1 0 s ta n d a r d
1 /1
4 0
 P  Ai .P  B / Ai  .P  C / AiB  n o n - s ta n d a r d
P  C / B  i 0
4

 P  Ai .P  B / Ai  7 9
.
i 0 10 10 27
P  P  II / 3  
7 8 3 9 56  27
.  .
10 10 10 10
1 5 1 10 1 1 5 3 2 1
 0.0  . .0  . .  . .  .1.1 27
42 21 4 21 2 3 21 4 3 42  Ans:B
1 5  1  10  1  5  3  1 83
 0            1
42 21  4  21  2  21  4  42 10. Let "E A " be the event of A becoming secre-
= 419 tary E1 be the event of admitting lady members
Ans : a P EA  .P E1 /EA P EB .P E1 /EB  P EC  .P E1 /EC
1/2 L 2/5 ON 26
5.  Ans : a
1/2 1/6 45
C ON 11.

1
.2 / 5
2 12 12
P  
1 1
 2 / 5   1/ 6  12  5 17
2 2
Ans : b

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    101


Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
12.
1 Head 1
2H Head
P  E1  .P  A / E1  20. 1/2
P  E1 / A  
P  E1  .P  A / E1   1/2 1/2 Head
1
Head
Fair
P  E 2  P  A / E2   P  E3  P  A / E 3  1/2 1/2 Head
Tail
30 1/2
P  E 2 / A   55 /18, P  E 3 / A   Tail
118
Ans : a,b,c
13. 1 1
. .1
14. Let A1,A2 be the events of choosing U1 & U2 P F / H  2 2
respectively , Let “ B” be the event of drawing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 .  . .1  . .
a white ball , than out of thier trails the event 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
succeds once and fails twice, so that = 2/5
P  8 /17.from U1 Ans :C

P  9 /17.from U2 3 /4 a sle e p

(T ) 1 /4
100 A 5/100 21. 4 /5
( defective) N -s
25/ 1 /5 a slee p
1 /4
15. 35/100 B 4/100 (B )
( defective)
40/ 3 /4
100 N -s
C 2/100
( defective)
4 / 5.3 / 4 12

25 5 1 1 13
. 4 / 5.3 / 4  .
100 100 5 4
PA 
25 5 35 4 40 2 Ans: b
.  .  .
100 100 100 100 100 100
25/51 R
125 125 25
  
125  140  80 345 69 (R) 26/51
22. 1/2
B
30 16
PB  , PC  1/2 R
69 69 26/51
Ans : a,b,c (B)
25/51
17. P  B  F   P  F  .P B  F B

3 7
= . 1 25
7 10 .
2 51 25

3 1 25 1 26 51
= . 
10 2 51 2 51
Ans : a
P  E  .P A E 23. Explanation :
18.  A  P  E  P
P E
 AE  PF  P AF  (i) (b) 1st person can sit anywhere.
1
 Probability =
= 817 100
(ii) (a) When 100th person enters then
19. PF   37 either 1st or seat number 100th must be
vacant.
AKASH MULTIMEDIA    102
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
1
 Probability = PRACTICE SHEET - 4 SOLUTIONS
2
1. The favourable numbers are 29, 36, 63, 92
 Probabiltiy of seat number 49 being
occupied is 1. 4 1 24
p  ,q  ;n  4
(iii) (c) As in (ii) when 50th person enter 100 25 25
either 1 or 50 is vacant. 97
24. Explanation : p  X  3  4C3 p3q  4C 4 p 4  4

18
 25
(ii) (b) P(A) = , 1 1
36 p ,q  ,n  4
2. np = 2, npq = 1
2 2 2
5 11
P(B) = 1 –   = p  X  1  1  p  X  0   p  X  1
6 36
Now P(AB) = P(total is odd and atleast one 3 1 4 11
 1  
is there) 16 16 16
6 3. Best of 3 games
= ( (3, 2), (2, 3), (3, A can win match by winning any two out of
36
6), (6, 3), (3, 4), (4, 3) are the only cases) three games
(i) (c) Since = (0.4)2 + 2C1 (0.4) (0.6) (0.4) = 0.352
Best of 5 games
18 11 6 23 either by first three games (or) any two from
P(A  B) = + – =
36 36 36 36 first three & fourth game (or) any two of first
(iii) (a) P(A  B) = P(A) – P(A  B) four games and fifth one.
= (0.4)3 + 3C2 (0.4)2 (0.6) (0.4) + 4C2(0.4)2
18 6 12 (0.6)2 (0.4) = 0.31744
= – = .
36 36 36  The probability for best of 3 games is higher
4. P(X = 50) = P(X = 51)
3/10
X co-ed 100 C50 p50 q 50 100 C51 .p51 .q 49
4/9
25. 2/9 5/10 q 100 C51 51
y co-ed   100 p
3/9 p C50 101
Z 8/10 5. Either 6 forward & 5 backward steps (or) 5 for-
co-ed
ward & 6 backward steps.
4 3 2 5 3 8 23 6 5 5 6
.  .  .   11C6  0.4  .  0.6  11 C5  0.4   0.6 
9 10 9 10 9 10 45 5
Ans: 5  462  0.24 
6. P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)
2 5
.
9 10  5 0 8 7 7
26. 23 23 Ans: 5  1   19   1   19   19   27 
 8C 0      8C 1   .     
45  20   20   20   20   20   20 
7
m 9 3  3
Death 7. p   probability =  
4/10 n 15 5 5
correct 6/10 1 9
27. 6/10 surrival 8. p ,q 
4/10 10 10
in correct 7/10 Death P  X  3  6C3.q3 .p3  1458 x 105
3/10
surrival 14. 480.P(3)
480 3C3 .q 0 .p 3   60 480P  X  1
6 6 4 3 12
.  .  7
10 10 10 10 25 480 1  P  X  0   480.  420
8
Ans : 6
AKASH MULTIMEDIA    103
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
1 9 20 5
15. p ,q    ( R)
10 10 72 18
95
P  3  8C3.q5 .p5  56x and   1  p (neither of the two balls is red)
108
8  1  P (WW , WB , BW , BB )
 9
P 0  1  
 10 
16. p = 0.2, q = 0.8. n = 3  1  {P (WW )  P (WB )  P ( BW )  P ( BB )}
P  X  1  P  X  0   P  X  1
 2 1 2 4 4 2 4 3
 3C6 .q 3  3C1 .q 2 .p1  1  X  X  X  X 
 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8
3 2
 8  8 1
   3.   .  0.89  1
30 42 7
  (Q )
 10   10  10
72 72 12
1 10
17. P  x  8   C8 10 C9 10 C10 
10 
2 1 2 6 
(B)     
2  6 10 
7
=
128 1 3 5  9 14 7
     (S )
18. A : Event that the sequence of 6 consccutive tails 6 10 30 30 15
start at ith toss. and
P(A1) = P(consecutive 6 tails in fire 6 tosses and 1  4 4  2 2 10  6 8
H/T in others)         (P)
2  6 10  6 10 30 15
P(A2) = P(H in first toss and 6 consent tails)
(C)  =P(One red from 1st and 2 black
= 1 27 from 2nd) +P(One black from 1st and one red and
one blaack from 2nd)
P(A2) = 1 27 P(A3) = 1 27
 4 7 C   5 3 C X 7C1 
P(A4) = 1 27   X 10 2    X 101 
9 C2   9 C2 
1 4 3 3
Read prob =  7 = 6 
6
2 2 2 64  4 7.6   5 3.7.2 
 X  X 
19. P(HT.....HT) + P(THTH......TH) =  9 10.9   9 10.9 
1 1
2. 10
 28 7 63 7
2 512     (S )
135 27 135 15
2 3
20. 5C3 .  0.45   0.55 
and  = P(one black form Ist and 2 red
21. 1   P  X  0   P  X  5   from 2nd) +P(One red from 1st and one red and one
black from 2nd)
5 5
1   0.55   0.45 
   5 3 C   4 3 C X 7C1 
4
  X 10 2    X 101 
22. 5C 4 .  0.45  0.55  9 C2   9 C2 
23. (A)   p ( ww)  p ( RR )  P ( BB )
1 28 33 11
    (T )
2 1 3 2 4 3 27 135 135 45
 X  X  X
9 8 9 8 9 8

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    104


Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
Probability M ATHS
24. Explanation :
(i) (b) Give one victory to S1 then, remain-
ing 7 wins are to be given to any of 15 players.
15
C7 1
 P(S1 is the winner) = 16
C8
=
2
(ii) (a) Now P(S1 or S2 (not both) are
winner)
2  14 C7 8
= 16 =
C8 15
(iii) (c) Finally P(both S1 and S2 are win-
ners)
14
C6 7
= 16 = .
C8 30
2 1
28. p = 2q & p + q = 1; p  , q 
3 3
The probability of 3, 4, 5 successives
192
P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) + P(X = 5) =
35
K=8
nC nC 4  nC6
29. 2. n 5  n
 n 2  21n  98  0
2 2
n  7,14
5
30. P(X  1)  P(X  n  2) 
32
 1   1 n  5 n 5
1  n   1  n    n 
 2   2  32 2 32
n = 5.
*********

AKASH MULTIMEDIA    105


Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)

You might also like