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3 Experiment Urinary System

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Zafar Hasnain
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18 views

3 Experiment Urinary System

Uploaded by

Zafar Hasnain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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URINARY SYSTEM

Prepared by Dr. Zeeshan AHMED (Ph.D., MS, MBA, Pharm.D)


Assistant Professor
Ph.D (University of Paris Saclay, France)
MS (University of Paris Est, France)
MBA (University of Sindh)
Pharm.D (University of Sindh)
Key points

01 Introduction,

02 URINARY SYSTEM
Objectives
After following this topic, and any additional reading, you should know:
• The organization of the urinary system.
• The organization of the kidney, and the organization and functions of the nephron and conducting
tubules.
• How to recognize and identify the five major segments of the nephron: renal corpuscles, proximal
and distal convoluted tubules, loops of Henle and collecting tubules, and appreciate how the histol
ogical structure of these components is related to their functions.
• The components of the glomerulus that filter urine.
• The structure of the urinary epithelium and describe the ways in which it is adapted for its functio
n.
• Recognize and describe sections of ureter and bladder.
KIDNEY
This is stained section of kidney -showing th
e outer cortex and the inner medulla.
 The medulla is full of renal tubules, but do
es not contain renal corpuscles.
 All the renal corpuscles are found in the co
rtex.
• This section shows a renal cor
puscle. See if you can identify
Bowman's capsule, and the ren
al corpuscle.
• It is helpful to remember that t
his is a cross section through t
he capsule, which is in reality
an ovoid structure.
URETER
• A thick, fibroelastic, lamina propria lies underneath the epit
helium.
• This mucosa (epithelium and lamina propria) is protective.
• There are no mucosal or submucosal glands, and no submuc
osa.
• There is a layer of smooth muscle outside the mucosa:
❑ The upper two-thirds has two layers of smooth muscle: inne
r longitudinally arranged, and outer circularly arranged.
❑ The lower third has three layers of smooth muscle; Inner lo
ngitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal.
• Urine is squeezed into the bladder by peristalsis.
• Outer adventitial layer has fibroelastic connective tissue, wi
th blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves. The ureter (one per kidney) is a long, straight, mus
• Folds of mucosa help to protect against reflux of urine when cle-walled tube. The epithelium lining this tube is s
the bladder is full. tratified, transitional epithelium.
BLADDER
• The bladder has three layers of smooth m
uscle, and a transitional epithelium. It's h
arder to make out the three layers, becau
se the bladder is sac like, not a tube.
• The mucosa is heavily folded - this helps
to accommodate for large volume change
s.
• The transitional epithelial lining can stret
ch until it looks like stratified squamous
epithelium.
URETHRA
• The urethra conveys urine from the bladder
to the exterior of the body.
• It is similar in structure to the ureter, though
shorter.
• The lumen is kept closed, unless urine is bei
ng passed.
• The female urethra is lined by stratified col
umnar epithelium, with a few small mucosa
l glands that secrete mucus, and is bound to
the anterior wall of the vagina by an externa
l layer of fibrous connective tissue
LAB PERFORMANCE
Thanks

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