DLDAV MODEL SCHOOL , ND BLOCK , PITAMPURA , DELHI

POLITICAL SCIENCE
PRE BOARD II QUESTION PAPER (2022-23)
CLASS: XII
TIME: 3 hrs. MM: 80

INSTRUCTIONS:

I) All questions are compulsory.

II) Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
III) Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not
exceed 50 words each.
IV) Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not
exceed 100 words each.
V) Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer
accordingly.
VI) Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not
exceed 170 words.
VII) There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.

SECTION – A
(12 Marks)
1. Which international organization holds the distinction of being the only 1
Tripartite agency?

(a) World Bank

(b) World Trade Organisation
(c) International Labour Organisation
(d) UNESCO

2. Identify the country where the most severe conflict took place and which broke 1
apart into provinces after 1991.
(a) Austria
(b) Bulgaria
(c) Yugoslavia
(d) Greece

3. Consider the following statement about ASEAN and choose the 1

incorrect one/s.
(i) ASEAN Community comprises three pillars, namely, the ASEAN
Military Community, the ASEAN Economic Community and the
ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community.
(ii) The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which was established in
1994, is the organisation that carries out coordination of security
and foreign policy.
(a) (i) only
 (b) (ii) only
(c) Both (i) and (ii)
(d) Neither (i) nor (ii)

4. Between the 1960s and the 1980s, it rapidly developed into an economic 1
power, which is termed as "Miracle on the Han River".

Identify the country.

(a) Japan
(b) North Korea
(c) China
(d) South Korea

5. Which of the following is a non-traditional security threat? 1

(a) Emergence of a group demanding nationhood for their region.

(b) A newspaper that is critical of the armed forces in the country.
(c) Attack by a neighbouring country.
(d) Spread of SARS across countries through migration

6. The Socialist leader who gave the strategy ‘non-Congressism’ was 1

(a) Giani Zail Singh

(b) V.V Giri
(c) Ram Manohar Lohia
(d) V.P. Singh

7. Countries form alliances to _______________________________________ . 1

(a) defend against illegal migrants
(b) take care of international interests
(c) increase their effective power relative to another country
(d) defend against global warming.

8. Which among the following is the first global treaty to explicitly address 1
climate change?
(a) Montreal Protocol, 1987
(b) UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1992
(c) Kyoto Protocol, 2005
(d) Paris Agreement, 2015
 9. Choose the correct statement. 1
I. The Club of Rome, published a book in 1972 entitled Limits to Growth.
II. In 1987, Brundtland Report, Our common futures was published.
III. The Rio Summit produced conventions dealing with climate change, biodiversity
forestry and
recommended a list of development called Agenda 21.
IV. Common but differentiated responsiblities were declared at the Earth Summit in
1992.

Codes

(a) I and II
(b) III and IV
(c) I, III and IV
(d) All of these

10. Arrange the following in chronological order- 1

i) Second General Elections
ii) V.V. Giri elected as the President of India
iii) General Elections 1967
iv) Congress(R)-CPI alliance won many seats in General Elections
Choose the correct option:
(a) i), iii),ii), iv)
(b) iii), ii), iv), i)
(c) ii), iv), i), iii)
(d) iv), iii),i), ii)

11. The BJP led coalition of 2014 was also called as _______________ . 1
a) Majority Coalition
b) Surplus Majority Coalition
c)Clear Majority Coalition
d)Democratic Coalition

12. Choose the wrong statement from the given options. 1

(a) Lohiya was one of the proponents of socialism in India.

(b) Deendayal Upadhayaya championed the idea of Democratic Socialism
while associating it with democracy.
(c) Lohiya was a leader of Socialist Party.
(d) Lohia considered both capitalism and communism equally irrelevant for
Indian society.

SECTION – B
(12 Marks)
13. Enlist the major features of India-Nepal relationship. 2

14. Two measures to have good relations with Pakistan are as follows: 1+1=2
• Economic relations should be consolidated.
• Cultural give and take relationship should be appreciated.

15. ‘The decade of 1980s also witnessed major developments in the State of 1+1=2
Punjab’. Highlight upon any 2 such developments.

- The social composition of the State changed first with partition and
later on after the carving out of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.
- Punjab had to wait till 1966 for the creation of a Punjabi speaking State.
The Akali Dal, which was formed in 1920 as the political wing of the
Sikhs, had led the movement for the formation of a ‘Punjabi suba’.
- The Sikhs were now a majority in the truncated State of Punjab.

16. Analyse any two major factors which led to the popularity of Indira 1+1=2
 Gandhi govt. in the early 1970s.

- Garibi Hatao Programme

- Land to landless labourers
- Support to dalits , adivasis, minorities and women
(with explanation)

17. ‘Dealing with many of the nontraditional threats to security requires 1+1=2
cooperation rather than military confrontation’. Justify the
statement.
- To devise strategies that involve international cooperation.
Cooperation may be bilateral (i.e. between any two countries),
regional, continental, or global.
- Cooperative security may also involve a variety of other
players, both international and national—international
organisations (the UN, the World Health Organisation, the
World Bank, the IMF etc.), nongovernmental organisations
(Amnesty International, the Red Cross.
- Cooperative security may involve the use of force as a last
resort to deal with governments that kill their own people or
ignore the misery of their populations who are devastated by
poverty, disease and catastrophe.
(Any 2 points)

18. How did the Rajiv Gandhi - Lal Denga accord prove to be a turning point 1+1=2
in the history of Mizoram?

In 1986 a peace agreement was signed between Rajiv Gandhi and

Laldenga.
- As per this accord Mizoram was granted full-fledged statehood with
special powers.
- The MNF agreed to give up the secessionist struggle.
- Laldenga took over as the Chief Minister.(All points)

SECTION – C
(20 Marks)

19. What is resource geopolitics? How is global economy relied on it? 2+2=4

I. Resource geopolitics is all about who gets what, when, where and
how. Resources have provided some of the key means and motives
of global European power expansion. They have also been the focus
of inter-state rivalry. Western geopolitical thinking about resources
has been dominated by the relationship of trade, war and power, at
the core of which were overseas resources and maritime navigation.

II. The global economy relied on oil for much of the 20th century as
a portable and indispensable fuel. The immense wealth associated
with oil generates political struggles to control it
 Ill. Water is another crucial resource that is relevant to global
politics. Regional variations and the increasing scarcity of freshwater
in some parts of the world point to the possibility of disagreements
over shared water resources as a leading source of conflicts in the
21st century.

20. “Military rule and Democracy are the two sides of the same coin in Pakistan.” 4
Analyse the statement.

OR

Despite the mixed record of democratic experience, the people of all the
countries of South Asia share the aspiration of democracy. Explain.

- A recent survey of the attitudes of the people in the five big countries
of the region showed that there is widespread support for democracy in
all these countries.
- Ordinary citizens, rich as well as poor and belonging to different
religions, view the idea of democracy positively and support the
institutions of representative democracy.
- They prefer democracy over any other form of democracy and think
that democracy is suitable for their country.
- These are significant findings, for it was earlier believed that
democracy could flourish and find support only in prosperous
countries of the world

In that sense the South Asian experience of democracy has expanded the
global imagination of democracy.

21. Explain India's Nuclear Policy 4

Indian Nuclear Policy advocates

- no first use of Nuclear weapons and reiterates Indi a‘s commitment t o

global verifiable and non- discriminatory nuclear disarmament leading to a
nuclear weapons free world.
 - A significant component of J. L. Nehru‘s industrialization plans was the
nuclear programme initiated in the late 1940‘s under the guidance of
Homi J. Bhabha.
- In 1968, the UN permanent members of Security Council tried to
impose a Nuclear Non- Proliferation treaty on the rest of the world.
India had refused to sign it.
- India's first nuclear explosion was conducted in 1974. India declared
that it was only for peaceful purposes.
- India refused to sign the CTBT i n 1995. India also conducted a series
of nuclear tests in May 1998, demonstrating its capacity to use nuclear
energy for military purposes.

22. What was the impact of Imposition of National Emergency (1975) on the party 4
system in India?

a. After the end of the National Emergency, the major opposition parties
started coming together on the eve of elections and formed a new party
known as the J anta Party.

b. The people's verdict of 1977 elections was decisively against the emergency;
the Congress lost elections and Janta Party came to power. During this period,
the Congress(R) also underwent a major split resulting in the formation of
Congress (I). Initially, it appeared that the Indian political system was heading
towards a 'two party system' as the Janata Party was considered to be an
alternative to the Congress.

c. But this Janta party due to splits and coalition pressures could not complete its
five years tenure. It was dissolved in 1980 resulting in the holding of midterm
elections.

d. As a result of 1980 midterm elections, Congress came back to power at the

center but several Non-Congress parties had formed the governments at the
state level. The party system in India at this point of time became more diverse
and competitive.

23. Analyse the factors responsible for the disintegration of the USSR with 4
special reference to Perestroika and Glasnost.

Gorbachev and the Disintegration of the USSR

• Mikhail Gorbachev, who had become General Secretary of the Communist Party
of the Soviet Union in 1985, sought to reform the system. He introduced economic
and political reform policies of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness).
But later his policies were criticised.
• A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hardliners.
The people did not want the old-style rule of the Communist Party and wanted
freedom.
• Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, the three major republics of the USSR, declared in
December 1991 that the Soviet Union was disintegrated.;
 • Capitalism and democracy were adopted as the basis for the post Soviet
republics.

Reasons for the Soviet Union Disintegration

There are several reasons which led to the collapse of the Soviet Union. These
were
• Internal weaknesses of Soviet political and economic institutions failed to meet
the aspirations of the people.
• The economy of the Soviet Union became stagnant. The Soviet economy used
much of its resources in maintaining a nuclear and military arsenal.
The Soviet Union too became stagnant due to rampant corruption, the
unwillingness to allow more openness in government, and the centralisation of
authority in a vast land.
• A section of the society was not happy with the reforms of Gorbachev. It was
believed that the reforms introduced by Gorbachev were at a very slow pace.
• Another reason for the collapse of USSR was the rise of nationalism and the
desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic
republics.

During the Cold war era India and USSR enjoyed a multi-dimensional
relationship. Discuss.

Section – D
(12 Marks)

24. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: 1+1+1

The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement setting targets for

industrialised countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions.
Certain gases like Carbon dioxide, Methane, Hydro-fluoro carbons etc.
are considered at least partly responsible for global warming - the rise
in global temperature which may have catastrophic consequences for
life on Earth.
1. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol was signed and ratified by India in the
year ____________.
(a) 2000
(b) 2001
(c) 2002
(d) 2003

2. Tehri Movement and Narmada Bachao Aandolan

are examples of _______________________.
 (a) Anti - Corruption Movements
(b) Anti - Dam Movements
(c) Anti - Globalisation Movements
(d) Anti - Apartheid Movements

3. The Kyoto Protocol was named after the city of

Kyoto in __________________ .

(a) Thailand
(b) Indonesia
(c) Malaysia
(d) Japan

4. Which one of the following declarations was not

made in the Rio summit?

(a) The state shall co-operate in the spirit of global

partnership.
(b) State shall conserve, protect and restore the
health and integrity of the Earth's ecosystem.
(c) Developed countries are not in pursuit of the idea
of sustainable development.
(d) Agenda 21 is an idea adopted in the Earth
Summit.
+1=4
25. In the given outline political map of India, four states have been marked as (A), (B), 1+1+1
(C) and (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and +1=4
write their correct names in your answer book along with the respective serial
numbers of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per the format that
follows:
(i) State which was created in 1952
(ii) Jayaprakash Narayan protested from this state and demanded dismissal of
Congress in 1974.
(iii) Charan Singh and Lal Bahadur Shastri belong to this state.
(iv) Junagarh was part of this state.

Sr. Number for Alphabet Concerned Name of the states

the information
used

(i) B Andhra Pradesh

(ii) D Bihar

(iii) A Uttar Pradesh

(iv) C Gujarat
26. Study the given image and answer the questions that follow: 1+1+1
+1=4

1. What does the above cartoon represent?

Victory of VV Giri in the Presidential elections of 1969 over the nominee of the
syndicate S Nijalingappa

2. Identify the lady in the cartoon and give reason for her pleasure.

Mrs Indira Gandhi.

She is pleased on winning of her candidate in the Presidential Elections.

3. Identify the person wearing the garland in the winning position.

VV Giri
 SECTION – E
(24 Marks)

27. Elucidate the effects of globalisation on the culture of a country. 6

CULTURAL CONSEUENCES OF GLOBALISATION 3+3=6

NEGATIVE -

- The cultural effect of globalisation leads to the fear that this

process poses a threat to cultures in the world. It does so,
because globalisation leads to the rise of a uniform culture or
what is called cultural homogenisation.
- Global culture leads to the imposition of Western culture on the
rest of the world.
- The popularity of a burger or blue jeans shows the influence of
the American way of life. Thus, the culture of the politically and
economically dominant society leaves its imprint on a less
powerful society
- It leads to the ‘McDonaldization’ of the world, with cultures
seeking to buy into the dominant American dream. This is
dangerous not only for the poor countries but for the whole of
humanity, for it leads to the shrinking of the rich cultural heritage
of the entire globe.

POSITIVE-
- Sometimes external influences simply enlarge our choices,
and sometimes they modify our culture without
overwhelming the traditional.
- The burger is no substitute for a masala dosa and,
therefore, does not pose any real challenge. It is simply
 added on to our food choices. Blue jeans, on the other
hand, can go well with a homespun khadi kurta.
- While cultural homogenisation is an aspect of
globalisation, It leads to each culture becoming more
different and distinctive. This phenomenon is called
cultural heterogenisation.
- This is not to deny that there remain differences in power
when cultures interact but instead more fundamentally to
suggest that cultural exchange is rarely one way.

OR
Examine the economic implications of globalization? How has globalization
impacted on India with regard to this particular dimension?

i. Economic globalization draws our attention immediately to the role of

international institutions like the IMF and the WTO and the role they play in
determining economic policies across the world.
ii. Involves greater economic flows among different countries of the world.
Some of this is voluntary and some forced by international institutions and
powerful countries.
iii. different countries on allowing the imports of other countries have been
reduced
iv. Globalization has also led to the flow of ideas across national boundaries.
The spread of internet and computer related services are an example of that.
But globalization has not led to the same degree of increase in the movement
of people across the globe.
v. Developed countries have carefully guarded their borders with visa policies
to ensure that citizens of other countries cannot take away
vi. Trade unions of industrial workforce as well as those representing farmer
interests have organized protests against the entry of multinationals.

28. Reforming the UN means restructuring of the Security Council. Suggest 6

measures to reform UNSC.

- The UN Security Council is the primary organ entrusted with the 2+2+2
responsibility of maintaining international peace and security. Its =6
composition is highly undemocratic. It contains 15 members (5
permanent & 10 non-permanent members). These five permanent
members enjoy veto power.
- Since the inception of UN, the membership has increased from 51 to
193. The number of third world countries has expanded rapidly but do
not have representation m UNSC as permanent members.

Therefore various suggestions have been made to reform UNSC.

a. There is a need to increase the number of new permanent and

non-permanent members to UNSC.
b. The new permanent members and non-permanent members should
represent Asian African and South American continents. It should equally
cater to the needs'& aspirations of third world countries along with the first
world countries.
c. The new permanent members should also be provided with veto power.
Otherwise the new permanent members will be powerless.
d. If the existing permanent members are not ready to provide veto power to
the new permanent members, then, the veto power itself shall be abolished.

OR

'India has supported the restructuring of the UN on several grounds.' Justify

the statement with three suitable arguments

i. One of the India's major concerns has been the composition of Security Council,
which has remained largely static while the UN General Assembly Membership
has expanded
ii. India considers that this has harmed the representative character of the Security
Council.
iii. It also argues that an expanded council, with more representation, will enjoy
greater support in the world community.
iv. India supports an increase in the number of both permanent and non-permanent
members.
v. It also believes that the Security Council should have more developing countries
in it.
vi. India wants to offer its candidature for the permanent seat along with brazil,
Japan, Germany and south Africa
29. How has the process of formation of states on the basis of language changed 6
the nature of democratic politics in India?

- It is more than fifty years since the formation of linguistic states. We 2+2+2
can say that linguistic states and the movements for the formation of =6
these states changed the nature of democratic politics and leadership
in some basic ways.
- The path to politics and power was now open to people other than the
small English speaking elite.
- Linguistic reorganisation also gave some uniform basis to the drawing
of state boundaries.
- It did not lead to disintegration of the country as many had feared
earlier. On the contrary it strengthened national unity.
- linguistic states underlined the acceptance of the principle of diversity.
- Democracy was associated with a plurality of ideas and ways of life.
Much of the politics in the later period was to take place within this
framework.

OR
Examine the three challenges that India faced at the time of Independence
30. Describe any three points of consensus that emerged among most political 6
parties in India in spite of severe competition and conflicts.

In the midst of severe competition and conflicts, a consensus appears to

have emerged among most parties consisting of following four elements:
1. Most political parties were in support of new economic policies to lead the
country to prosperity and a status of economic power in the world.
2. All political parties supported reservation of seats for backward classes in
education and employment and even to ensure the OBCs to get adequate
share of power.
3. Role of state level parties was accepted in the governance of the country.
4. Coalition politics has shifted the focus of political parties from ideological
differences to power sharing arrangements. Hence most of the NDA did not
agree with the Hindutva ideology of BJP, still they came together to form a
government and remained in power for a full term.

OR

Describe any three major developments in Indian Politics since 1989.

In the decade of eighties, the country witnessed five main

developments which had a long-lasting impact on politics:
1. End of Congress system.
2. Mandal issues
3. New Economic Reforms
4. Babri Masjid Issues
5. Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi
1989 elections led to
defeat of Congress and emerged the era of ‘Multi Party-
System’ when no single party secured majority in Lok
Sabha elections since 1989. It led the era of coalition
government also when regional parties played an crucial
role in forming a ruling alliance.
Since 1989, there have been nine governments at the
Centre either coalition government or minority
government supported by other parties. In this phase,
government could be formed only with the participation of
many regional parties.
The nineties also saw the emergence of powerful parties
to represent Dalit’s and backward classes and regional
assertions as well.