Assignments in Mathematics Class X (Term II)

5. Arithmetic Progressions
IMPORTANT TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND RESULTS

• Some numbers arranged in a definite order, according •

Remember the following while working with
to a definite rule, are said to form a sequence. consecutive terms in an AP.
• A sequence is called an arithmetic progression (i) Three consecutive terms in an AP.
(AP), if the difference of any of its terms and the a – d, a, a + d
preceding term is always the same. First term = a – d, common difference = d
i.e., tn + 1 – tn = constant. Their sum = a – d + a + a + d = 3a
• The constant number is called the common (ii) Four consecutive terms in an AP.
difference of the A.P.
a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d
• If a is the first term and d the common difference
First term : a – 3d, common difference = 2d
of an AP, then the general form of the AP is

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a, a + d, a + 2d, ... Their sum = a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a

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+ 3d = 4a
• Let a be the first term and d be the common

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difference of an AP, then, its nth term or general (iii) Five consecutive terms in an AP.
is given by a – 2d, a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d
First term = a – 2d, common difference = d

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tn = a + (n – 1) d
• • The sum Sn up to n terms of an AP whose first

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If l is the last term of the AP, then nth term from
the end is the nth term of an AP, whose first term term is a and common difference d is given by

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is l and common difference is – d. n
PR S n = [2a + (n − 1)d ]
\ nth term from the end = Last term 2
+ (n – 1) (– d) • If the first term and the last term of an AP are t1
⇒ nth term from the end = l – (n – 1) d and tn, then
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• If a, b, c, are in AP, then

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(i) (a + k), (b + k), (c + k) are in AP. n n

Sn = (t1 + tn ) = (first term + last term)
(ii) (a – k), (b – k), (c – k) are in AP. 2 2
(iii) ak, bk, ck, are in AP.
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If t1 = a, the first term and tn = l, the last term,

a b c n
(iv) , , are in AP (k ≠ 0) then S n = (a + l )
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k k k 2
• Sn – Sn – 1 = tn
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Summative Assessment
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [1 Mark]

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A. Important Questions
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1. The common difference of the A.P. 3, 1, –1, –3 4. An A.P. whose first term is 10 and common
... is : difference is 3, is :
(a) –2 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) 3 (a) 10, 13, 16, 19, ... (b) 5, 7, 9, 11, ...
2. The general form of an A.P. is : (c) 8, 12, 16, 20, ... (d) all of these
5. The common difference of the A.P. –5, –1, 3, 7,
(a) a, a – d,a – 2d, a – 3d, ... ... is :
(b) a, a + d,a + 2d, a + 3d, ... (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) – 4 (d) 4
(c) a, 2d, 3d, 4d, ... (d) none of these 6. Which of the following list of numbers does form
an A.P. ?
3. The common difference of the A.P. 8, 11, 14, 17,
20, ... is : 5 7
(a) 2, 4, 8, 16, ... (b) 2, ,3 .....
(a) 2 (b) –2 (c) 3 (d) –3 2 2
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 (c) 0.22, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222, ... 22. The sum of first 5 multiples of 3 is :
(d) 1, 3, 9, 27, ... (a) 45 (b) 55 (c) 65 (d) 75
7. The 10th term of the A.P. 5, 8, 11, 14, .... is : 23. The first term of an A.P. is – 5 and the common
(a) 32 (b) 35 (c) 38 (d) 185 difference is 2. The sum of first 6 terms of this
A.P. is:
8. The list of numbers – 10, – 6, – 2, 2 .... is :
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 15
(a) an A.P. with a = – 16
24. In an A.P., if a = 1, tn = 20 and Sn = 399, then
(b) an A.P. with a = – 4 n is :
(c) an A.P. with a = 4 (d) not an A.P. (a) 19 (b) 21 (c) 38 (d) 42
9. In an A.P., if a = – 7.2, d = 3.6 and tn = 7.2, then 25. The sum of first n natural numbers is :
n is :
(a) n2 (b) n(n + 1)
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 n(n + 1) n(n − 1)
10. In an A.P., if tn = 4, d = – 4, and n = 7, then a (c) (d)
2 2

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is : 26. If 4th term of an A.P. is 14 and its 12th term is

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(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 20 (d) 28 70, what is its first term?

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11. In an A.P., if a = 8.5, d = 0, n = 57, then tn will (a) – 10 (b) – 7 (c) 7 (d) 10
be : 27. The first term of an A.P. is 6 and its common
(a) 0 (b) 8.5 (c) 103.5 (d) 150 difference is 5. What will be its 11th term?

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12. The nth term of the A.P. 2, 5, 8, ... is : (a) 56 (b) 41 (c) 46 (d) 50

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(a) 3n – 1 (b) 2n – 1 28. The first four terms of an A.P. whose first term

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(c) 3n – 2 (d) 2n – 3 is – 2 and the common difference is – 2, are :
13. If first term of an A.P. is 2 and common difference
PR (a) – 2, 0, 2, 4 (b) – 2, 4, – 8, – 16
is – 2, then t7 is : (c) – 2, – 4, – 6, – 8 (d) – 2, – 4, – 8, – 16
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(a) – 8 (b) – 10 (c) – 5 (d) 10 29. If the common difference of an A.P. is 5, then
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5 5 what is t18 – t13?

14. The 11th term of the A.P. −5, − , 0, ,... is :
2 2 (a) 5 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 30
(a) – 20 (b) 20 (c) – 30 (d) 30
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30. The first two terms of an A.P. are – 3 and 4. The

15. Which term of the A.P. 4, 9, 14, 19, ... is 109? 21st term of the A.P. will be :
(a) 14th (b) 18th (c) 22nd (d) 16th (a) 17 (b) 137 (c) 143 (d) – 143
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16. How many terms are there in the A.P. 1, 3, 5, .... 31. Two A.P.s have the same common difference. The
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73, 75? first term of one of these is – 2 and that of the

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(a) 28 (b) 30 (c) 36 (d) 38 other is – 10. The difference between their 10th
terms is :
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17. If the numbers a, b, c are in A.P., then :

(a) 8 (b) – 8 (c) 4 (d) – 4
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(a) b – a = c – b (b) b + a = c + b
32. If 2nd term of an A.P. is 13 and the 5th term is
(c) a – b = b – c (d) none of these 25, then its 7th term is :
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18. How many terms are there in the A.P. 7, 10, 13, (a) 30 (b) 33 (c) 37 (d) 38
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..., 151?
33. How many numbers of 2-digits are divisible by 3?
(a) 50 (b) 55 (c) 45 (d) 49
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d) 40
19. Which term of the A.P. 72, 63, 54, .... is 0?
34. If 11 times the 11th term of an A.P. is equal to 7
(a) 8th (b) 9th (c) 10th (d) 11th times its 7th term, then its 18th term will be :
20. The famous mathematician associated with finding (a) 7 (b) 11 (c) 18 (d) 0
the sum of first 100 natural numbers is :
35. What is the sum of all natural numbers from 1
(a) Pythagoras (b) Newton to 100?
(c) Gauss (d) Euclid (a) 4550 (b) 4780 (c) 5050 (d) 5150
21. The sum of first 16 terms of the A.P. 10, 6, 2, ... 36. 51 + 52 + 53 + ... + 100 = ?
is :
(a) 3775 (b) 4025 (c) 4275 (d) 5050
(a) – 320 (b) 320 (c) – 352 (d) – 400
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 37. If the sum of p terms of an A.P. is q and the sum (a) 4n – 3 (b) 3n – 4 (c) 4n + 3 (d) 3n + 4
of q terms is p, then the sum of (p + q) terms 41. If the first term of an A.P. is 2 and common
will be: difference is 4, then the sum of its 40 terms is:
(a) 0 (b) p – q (a) 3200 (b) 1600 (c) 200 (d) 2800
(c) p + q (d) – (p + q) 42. 25 + 28 + 31 + .... + 100 = ?
38. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. be 3n2 – n and (a) 1625 (b) 1525 (c) 1725 (d) 1650
its common difference is 6, then its first term
is: 43. The sum of first n positive integers is given by:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 4 n(n − 1) n(2n + 1)
(a) (b)
2 2
39. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. be 3n2 + 5n,
n(n + 1)
then which of its terms is 164? (c) (d) none of these
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(a) 26th (b) 27th
44. The sum of first n even integers is given by :
(c) 28th (d) none of these
n(n + 1)

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40. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is 2n2 + 5n, then (a) n(n + 1) (b)
2

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its nth term is : (c) (n + 1)(n – 1) (d) none of these

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B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers

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1. Which term of the A.P. 24, 21, 18, ................... 9. Which term of the A.P. 92, 88, 84, 80, .... is 0?

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is the first negative term? [2011 (T-II)] [2011 (T-II)]

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(a) 8th (b) 9th (c) 10th (d) 12th (a) 23 (b) 32 (c) 22 (d) 24
2. Which term of the A.P. 2, –1, –4, .......... is –70? PR
10. For an A.P. if a25 – a20 = 45, then d equals to :
[2011 (T-II)] [2011 (T-II)]
(a) 15th (b) 18th (c) 25th (d) 30th (a) 9 (b) –9 (c) 18 (d) 23
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3. The 4th term from the end of A.P. –11, –8, –5, 3+ n
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................... 49 is : [2011 (T-II)] 11. If the nth term of an A.P. is , then its 8th
term is : 4 [2011 (T-II)]
(a) 37 (b) 40 (c) 43 (d) 58
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4. Which term of the A.P. 21, 42,, 63 ................... (a) 11 (b) (c) 11 (d) 22
is 210? [2011 (T-II)]
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12. If a, a – 2 and 3a are in A.P., then the value of
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(a) 9th (b) 10th (c) 12th (d) 11th

a is : [2011 (T-II)]
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5. What is the common difference of the A.P. in

which a18 – a14 = 32 ? [2011 (T-II)] (a) –3 (b) –2 (c) 3 (d) 2
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13. If an A.P. has a = 1, tn = 20 and Sn = 399, then

(a) 8 (b) –8 (c) 4 (d) –4 value of n is : [2011 (T-II)]
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6. The next term of the A.P. 27, 48, 75 , .... is : (a) 20 (b) 32 (c) 38 (d) 40
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[2011 (T-II)] 14. If a + 1, 2a + 1, 4a – 1 are in A.P., then the

(a) value of a is : [2011 (T-II)]
105 (b) 107 (c) 108 (d) 147
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7. Which term of the A.P. 100, 90, 80....... is zero? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
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15. The sum of the first n terms of an A.P. is 2n2 + 5n.

[2011 (T-II)] Then its nth term is : [2011 (T-II)]
(a) 5th (b) 6th (c) 10th (d) 11th
(a) 4n + 3 (b) 4n – 3
8. Which of the following is not an A.P.
(c) 3n – 4 (d) 3n + 4
[2011 (T-II)] 16. For what value of p are 2p + 1, 13, 5p – 3, three
(a) 13, 8, 3, –2, –7, –12 consecutive terms of an A.P.? [2011 (T-II)]
(b) 10.8, 11.2, 11.6, 12, 12.4 (a) 2 (b) –2 (c) 4 (d) –4
1 2 3 4 5 17. Which term of the A.P., 113, 108, 103, ...............
(c) 8 ,18 , 28 , 48 ,58 is the first negative term? [2011 (T-II)]
7 7 7 7 7
3 6 9 12 (a) 22nd term (b) 24th term
(d) 8 ,11 ,14 ,17
23 23 23 23 (c) 26th term (d) 28th term

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 18. 15th term of the A.P., x – 7, x – 2, x + 3,....is : (c) x + 83 (d) x + 53
[2011 (T-II)] 19. If p –1, p + 3, 3p – 1 are in A.P., then p is equal
to: [2011 (T-II)]
(a) x + 63 (b) x + 73 (a) 4 (b) – 4 (c) 2 (d) – 2

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [2 Marks

a. important Questions

1. For the A.P. – 3, – 7, – 11, ... can we find directly 10. Is 0 a term of the A.P. 31, 28, 25, ... ? Justify
t30 – t20 without actually finding t30 and t20? Give your answer.
reasons for your answer. 11. If the numbers of x – 2, 4x – 1, and 5x + 2 are
2. Is 68 a term of the A.P. 7, 10, 13, ...? in A.P find the value of x.
3. The 4th term of an A.P. is three times the first 12. Verify that each of the following is an A.P. :

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term and the 7th term exceeds twice the third (a) x + y, (x + 1) + y, (x + 1) + (y + 1), ...

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term by 1. Find the first term and the common
(b) x, 2x + 1, 3x + 2, 4x + 3, ...
difference.

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13. Find a, b and c, if the numbers a, 7, b, 23, c are
4. Shonal deposited Rs 1000 at compound interest
in A.P..
at the rate of 10% p.a. The amounts at the end

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of first year, second year, third year .... form an 14. Find the number of terms of the A.P. 17, 14.5,

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A.P. Justify your answer. [HOTS] 12, .... – 38.
15. The sum of n terms of a sequence is 3n2 + 4n.

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5. The nth term of an A.P. cannot be m2 + 1. Justify
your answer. Find the nth term and show that it is an A.P..
6. Write the expression tn – tm for the A.P. a, a + d,
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16. The sum of first n terms of an A.P. is given by
a + 2d, ..... Hence, find the common difference of 3n2 – n. Determine the A.P. and its 25th term.
the A.P. for which 11th term is 5 and 13th term
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is 79. 17. How many terms of the A.P. −6 − , −5... are
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needed to give the sum – 25? 2

7. Show that x – y, x and x + y form consecutive
terms of an A.P. 18. Find the sum of first n odd natural numbers.
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8. Justify whether it is true to say that 2n – 3 is the 19. Show that the sum of all odd integers between 1 and
nth term of an A.P. 100 which are divisible by 3 is 83667. [HOTS]
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9. Which term of the A.P. 32, 29, 26, ... is first 20. If tn = 3 – 4n, show that t1, t2, t3, ... form an A.P.
Also, find S20. [HOTS]
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negative term?
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B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers

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1. Which term of the A.P., 6, 13, 20, 27, ............... 8. If the nth term of an A.P. is (2n + 1), find the
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is 98 more than its 24th term ? [2011 (T-II)] sum of first n terms of the A.P. [2011 (T-II)]
2. Calculate how many multiples of 7 are there 9. The 8th term of an A.P. is 37 and its 12th term
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between 100 and 300. [2011 (T-II)] is 57. Find the A.P. [2011 (T-II)]
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3. If Sn denotes the sum of n terms of an AP whose 10. Which term of the A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39,............. is
common difference is d and first term is a, find 132 more than its 54th term? [2011 (T-II)]
Sn – 2Sn–1 + Sn–2. [2011 (T-II)] 11. In an A.P. the first term is – 4, the last term is
4. Find the sum of all two digit positive numbers 29 and the sum of all its terms is 150.Find the
divisible by 3. [2011 (T-II)] common difference of the A.P. [2011 (T-II)]
5. Determine the 2nd term of an A.P. whose 6th 12. For an A.P. show that a p + a p + 2 = 2a p + q
term is 12 and 8th term is 22. [2011 (T-II)]
[2011 (T-II)]
6. Find the sum of first 10 terms of the sequence
{an} where an = 5 – 6n, where n is a natural 13. Find the common difference of an A.P. whose first
number. [2011 (T-II)] 1
term is and the 8th term is 17 . Also write its
7. Find the sum of the first 50 odd natural 2 6
4th term. [2011 (T-II)]
numbers. [2011 (T-II)]

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 14. Find the sum of first twelve multiples of 7. 23. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is given by
[2011 (T-II)] Sn = 4n2 – 3n, find the nth term of the A.P.
15. Find the sum of the 25 terms of an A.P. whose [2004C]
nth term is given by tn = 7 – 3n. [2011 (T-II)] 24. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is given by
Sn = 2n2 + 5n, find the nth term of the A.P.
16. How many terms are there in A.P.
[2004C]
7, 16, 25, .........., 349? [2011 (T-II)]
25. Find the number of terms of the A.P. 54, 51, 48,
17. Find the number of terms of the series: .... so that their sum is 513. [2005]
– 5 + (– 8) + (– 11) + ............. + (– 230) 26. Find the sum of the first 51 terms of the A.P.
[2011 (T-II)] whose 2nd term is 2 and 4th term is 8. [2005C]
18. Which term of the arithmetic progression 3, 10, 27. The sum of the first n terms of an A.P. is given
17.......... will be 84 more than its 13th term ? by Sn = 3n2 – n. Determine the A.P. and its 25th
[2011 (T-II)] term. [2005C]
19. Find the number of all 2 digit numbers divisible 28. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 27 and their
by 3. [2011 (T-II)]

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product is 405. Find the numbers. [2005C]
20. Find the value of p, if the numbers x, 2x + p, 29. How many terms are there in an A.P. whose first

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3x + 6, are three consecutive terms of an A.P. term and 6th term are – 12 and 8 respectively

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[2011 (T-II)] and sum of all its terms is 120? [2006]
21. If 6th term of an A.P. is –10 and its 10th term 5n 2 3n
30. In an A.P. the sum of first n terms is + .

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is –26, then find the 15th term of the A.P. 2 2
[2011 (T-II)] Find its 20th term. [2006C]

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22. If 8th term of an A.P. is 31 and 15th term is 16 31. The first term, common difference and last term

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more than 11th term, find the A.P. [2011 (T-II)] of an A.P. are 12, 6 and 252 respectively. Find
PR the sum of all terms of this A.P. [2007]

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3 Marks]

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A. Important Questions
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1. Determine the A.P. whose 5th term is 19 and the 10. The sum of first three terms of an A.P. is 33. If
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difference of the eight term from the thirteeth term the product of the first and the third terms exceeds
is 20. the second term by 29, find the A.P.
2. The sum of first three terms of an A.P. is 21 and a + b 3a − 2b 5a − 3b
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11. Find the sum = + + + ... to

their product is 231. Find the numbers. [Imp.] 11 terms. a−b a+b a+b
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3. What are the middle most terms of the A.P. – 11, 12. If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P.,
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– 7, – 3, ... 49? prove that S12 = 3(S8 – S4).

4. The 26th, 11th and the last term of an A.P. are
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13. If the numbers a, b, c, d, e, form an A.P., then

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0, 3 and − respectively. Find the common find the value of a – 4b + 6c – 4d + e.

5 14. In an A.P. if the first term is 22, the common
difference and the number of terms.
difference is – 4 and the sum of n terms is 64,
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5. If the 9th term of an A.P. is zero, prove that its find n.

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29th term is twice its 19th term.

15. Split 207 into three parts such that these are in
6. The sum of first 6 terms of an A.P. is 42. The A.P. and the product of the two smaller parts is
ratio of the 10th term to the 30th term is 1 : 3. 4623.
Find the first term and the 11th term of the A.P.
16. How many terms of the A.P. – 15, – 13, – 11, ...
7. If the nth terms of two A.Ps. 9, 7, 5, ... and are needed to make the sum – 55? Explain the
24, 21, 18, ... are same, find the value of n. Also, reason for the double answer. [HOTS]
find that term.
17. The sum of first n terms of an A.P. whose first
8. How many numbers lie between 10 and 30 which term is 8 the common difference is 20 is equal
when divided by 4 leave a remainder 3? to the sum of first 2n terms of another A.P. whoe
9. If (m + 1)th term of an A.P. is twice the (n + 1) first term is – 30 and the common difference is
th term, prove that (3m + 1)th term is twice the 8. Find n.
(m + n + 1)th term.
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18. If a, b, c are in A.P., show that (a – c)2 = 4 21. The pth term of an A.P is q and qth term is p.
(b2 – ac). Find its (p + q)th term.
19. Reshma saves Rs 32 during the first month, Rs 36 22. If a, b, c are in A.P., show that
in the second month and Rs 40 in the third month. 1 1 1
(i) , , are in A.P.
If she continues to save in this manner, in how bc ca ab
many months will she save Rs 2000? [HOTS] (ii) a2 (b + c), b2(c + a), c2(a + b) are in A.P.
20. A manufacturer of radio sets produced 800 units 23. If a 2 , b 2 , c 2 are in A.P., then prove that
in the third year and 700 units in the seventh year. 1 1 1
Assuming that the product increases uniformly by
, , are in A.P. [HOTS]
b+c c+a a+b
a fixed number every year, find
24. If the sum of m terms of an A.P. is the same
(i) the production in the first year as the sum of n terms, show that the sum of its
(ii) the production in the 10th year. (m + n) terms is 0. [HOTS]

B. questions From CBSE Examination Papers

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1. Which term of the A.P. : 3, 15, 27, 39, ...... will 14. The ticket receipts at the show of a film amounted

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be 120 more then its 21st term ? [2011 (T-II)] to Rs 6,500 on the first day and showed a drop of
2. The sum of the first n terms of an A.P. is 5n 2 - 3n. Rs 110 every succeeding day. If the operational
Find the A.P. and hence find its 12th term. expenses of the show are Rs 1000 a day, Find on

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[2011 (T-II)] which day the show ceases to be profitable.

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[2011 (T-II)]
3. The angles of a triangle are in A.P. The greatest

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angle is twice the least. Find all angles of the 15. Find the sum of all the two-digit natural numbers
triangle. [2011 (T-II)] PR which are divisible by 4. [2011 (T-II)]

4. Find the sum of all natural numbers between 200 16. Determine ‘a’ so that 2a + 1, a 2 + a + 1 and
and 1000 exactly divisible by 6. [2011 (T-II)] 3a 2 - 3a + 3 are consecutive terms of an A.P.
[2011 (T-II)]
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5. Find the value of the middle most term(s) of the

17. If the sum of first m terms of an A.P. is n and
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arithmetic progression : [2011 (T-II)]

the sum of first n terms in m, then show that the
– 11, – 7, – 3, ............49. sum of its first (m + n) terms is – (m + n).
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6. The sum of first six terms of an arithmetic [2011 (T-II)]

progression is 42. The ratio of its 10th term to its 18. How many terms of the A.P. – 6, –11/2, –5, .....
30th term is 1 : 3. Find the first and the thirteenth
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are needed to give the sum – 25 ? [2011 (T-II)]

term of the A.P. [2011 (T-II)]
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19. If the sum of all the terms of an A.P. 1, 4, 7, 10,

7. How many terms of the A.P. 9, 17, 25, ....., must ........., x. is 287, find x. [2011 (T-II)]
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be taken to get a sum of 450 ? [2011 (T-II)]

20. How many terms of the A.P. 78, 71, 64, ..... are
8. Find the sum of all two digit odd positive
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needed to give the sum 465 ? Also find the last

numbers. [2011 (T-II)] term of this A.P. [2011 (T-II)]
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9. If the sum of first fourteen terms, of an AP is 21. The 4th term of an A.P. is equal to 3 times the
1050 and its first term is 10, find its 20th term. first term and the 7th term exceeds twice the 3rd
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[2011 (T-II)] term by 1. Find the first term and the common
G

10. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is 4n2 – n, difference. [2011 (T-II)]
find the 12th term. [2011 (T-II)] 22. Find three numbers in A.P. whose sum is 15 and
11. The sum of first three terms of an A.P. is 33. If whose product is 105. [2011 (T-II)]
the product of the first and third term exceeds the 23. The sum of the 5th and 7th terms of an A.P. is
second term by 29, find the A.P. [2011 (T-II)] 52 and its 10th term is 46. Find the A.P.
12. Which term is the first negative term in the given [2011 (T-II)]
1 24. Sum of the first n terms of an A.P. is 5n2 – 3n.
A.P. : 23, 21 , 20, ........ ? [2011 (T-II)]
2 Find the A.P. and also find its 16th term.
13. In an A.P. the first term is –4, the last term is [2011 (T-II)]
29 and the sum of all its term is 150. Find its
25. Find the sum of all three digit numbers which
common difference. [2011 (T-II)]
leave the same remainder 2 when divided by 5.
[2011 (T-II)]
6
 26. For what value of n are the nth terms of two A.P. 29. The sum of first six terms of an A.P. is 42. The
63, 65, 67 ... and 3, 10, 17 ... equal ? [2008] ratio of its 10th term to its 30th term is 1 : 3.
27. If the sum of first 7 terms of an A.P. is 49 and Calculate the first and the thirteenth terms of the
that of first 17 terms is 289, find the sum of first A.P. [2009]
n terms. [2008C] 30. The sum of the first sixteen terms of an A.P. is
112 and the sum of its next fourteen terms is 518.
28. If the 8th term of an A.P. is 37 and the 15th term
Find the A.P. [2010]
is 15 more than the 12th term, find the A.P. Hence
find the sum of the first 15 terms of the A.P.
[2008C]

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [4 Marks]

A. Important Questions
1. The sum of four consecutive numbers in an A.P. 7. An A.P. consists of 37 terms. The sum of three

N
is 32 and the ratio of the product of the first and middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the last
three is 429. Find the A.P.

A
the last terms to the product of the two middle
terms is 7 : 15. Find the numbers.

SH
1
1 1 1 8. If mth term of an A.P. is 1 and the nth term is ,
2. If , , are in A.P., show that : n 1 m
a b c show that the sum of its mn terms is (mn + 1) .

A
2
b+c c+a a+b
(i) , , are in A.P. 9. If S1, S2, S3 be the sums of n, 2n and 3n terms

K
a b c respectively of an A.P, prove that S3 = 3(S2 – S1).

A
(ii) bc, ca, ab are in A.P. 10. Prove that no matter what the real numbers a
3. Find the sum of those integers :
PR and b are, the sequence with nth term a + nb is
always an A.P. What is the common difference?
(a) between 1 and 500 which are multiples of 2 as What is the sum of the first 20 terms? [HOTS]
well as of 5.
S
11. A contractor employed 150 labourers to finish a
(b) from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 as well
ER

piece of work in a certain number of days. 4 workers

as of 5. went away the second day, 4 more workers went
(c) from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 away the third day and so on. If it took 8 more
TH

or 5. days to finish the work, find the number of days

4. If pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. are a, b and in which the work was completed. [HOTS]
O

c respectively, then show that : 12. The students of a school decided to beautify the
school on the annual day by fixing colourful flags
R

(a) a(q – r) + b(r – p) + c(p – q) = 0

on the straight passage of the school. They have
B

(b) (a – b)r + (b – c)p + (c – a)q = 0 27 flags to be fixed at interval of every 2m. The
5. Solve the equation flags are stored in the position of the middle
L

1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + .... + x = 287. most flag. Ruchi was given the responsibility of

YA

placing the flags. Ruchi kept her books where the

6. The sums of x terms of three A.P.s are S1, S2 flags were stored. She could carry only one flag
and S3. The first term of each is unity and the
O

at a time. How much distance did she cover in

common differences are 1, 2 and 3 respectively. completing this jobs and returning back to collect
G

Prove that S1 + S3 = 2S2. her books? What is the maximum distance she
travelled carrying a flag? [HOTS]
B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers

1. In an A.P. the sum of first ten terms is –80 and the instalment of 1000. He increases the instalment
sum of next ten terms is –280. Find the A.P. by Rs 100 every month. What amount will be
[2011 (T-II)] paid by him in the 30th instalment? What amount
2. The sum of first 7 terms of an A.P. is 49 and that of loan does he still have to pay after the 30th
of first 17 terms is 289. Find the sum of first n instalment? [2011 (T-II)]
terms. [2011 (T-II)] 4. In an A.P., the sum of first n terms is given by
3. Kartik repays his total loan of Rs. 1,18,000 3n 2 5n
Sn = + . Find the 25th term of the A.P.
by paying every month starting with the first 2 2
7
 5. A contractor on construction job specifies a penalty as shown in the figure. what is the total length
for delay of completion beyond a certain date
as follows : Rs 200 for the first day, Rs 250 for of such spiral made up of thirteen consecutive
the second day, Rs 300 for the third day etc. the 22
semicircles? (Take π = ) [2011 (T-II)]
penalty for each succeeding day being Rs 50 more 7
than for the preceding day. How much money the
contractor has to pay as penalty if he has delayed
the work by 30 days ? [2011 (T-II)]
6. If a, b and c be the sums of first p, q and r terms
respectively of an AP, show that
a b c
(q − r ) + (r − p) + ( p − q) = 0 [2011 (T-II)]
p q r
7. In November 2009, the number of visitors to a zoo
15. A manufacturer of T.V. sets produced 600 sets in
increased daily by 20. If a total of 12300 people
the third year and 700 sets in the seventh year.

N
visited the zoo in that month, find the number of
visitors on 1st November 2009. [2011 (T-II)] Assuming that the production increases uniformly

A
by a fixed number every year, find
8. For what value of n, the nth terms of the A.P.

SH
63, 65, 67, .... and 3, 10, 17, ......... are equal? (a) The production in the first year
Also find that term. [2011 (T-II)] (b) The production in the 10th year

A
9. A ladder has rungs 25 cm apart. The rungs decrease
(c) The total production in first 7 years

K
uniformly in length from 45 cm at the bottom
[2011 (T-II)]
to 25 cm at the top (see figure). If the top and

A
bottom rungs are 2.5 m apart, what is the length 16. The houses of a row are numbered consecutively
of the wood required for the rungs? [2011 (T-II)] PR from 1 to 49. There is a value of x such that the
sum of the numbers of the houses preceding the
house numbered x is equal to the sum of the
S
number of the houses following it. Find this value
ER

of x. [2011 (T-II)]
17. Show that the sum of all odd integers between 1
TH

and 1000 which are divisible by 3 is 83667.

[2011 (T-II)]
O

18. The 4th term of an A.P. is equal to 3 times the

first term and the 7th term exceeds twice the 3rd
R

term by 1. Find the A.P. [2011 (T-II)]

B

10. Find the sum of the first 31 terms of an A.P. whose 19. Find the sum of all multiples of 9 lying between
2
L

nth term is given by 3 + n. [2011 (T-II)] 300 and 700. [2011 (T-II)]
3
YA

11. The sum of the third and seventh term of an A.P. 20. A woman takes up a job of Rs 8000 per month
is 6 and their product is 8. Find the sum of the with an annual increment of Rs 100. What will
O

first sixteen terms of the A.P. [2011 (T-II)] she earn over a period of 10 years ? [2011 (T-II)]
G

12. A sum of Rs 2700 is to be used to give eight cash 21. 228 logs are to be stacked in a store in the
following manner: 30 logs in the bottom, 28 in
prizes to students of a school for their overall
the next row, then 26 and so on. In how many
academic performance. If each prize is Rs 25
rows can these 228 logs be stacekd? How many
more than its preceding prize find the value of
logs are there in the last row? [2011 (T-II)]
each of the prizes. [2011 (T-II)]
22. Neera saves Rs 1600 during the first year, Rs 2100
13. In an A.P., prove that am +n + am - n = 2am , where aa
in the second year, Rs 2600 in the third year. If
denotes nth term of the A.P. [2011 (T-II)] she continues her savings in this pattern, in how
14. A spiral is made up of successive semicircles, many years will she save Rs 38500? [2011 (T-II)]
with centres alternatively at A and B, starting with 23. If m times the mth term of an A.P. is equal to n
centre at A of radii 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm.... times its nth term, show that the (m+n)th term of
the A.P. is zero (m ≠ n). [2011 (T-II)]

8
 Formative Assessment

Activity-1 Observations :
Objective : To verify that the given sequence is an 1. For figure 1:
arithmetic progression by paper cutting and pasting The difference between the heights of first and
method. second strips = 3 cm.
Materials Requried : Squared paper, colour pencils, The difference between the heights of second and
geometry box, etc. third strips = 3 cm.
Procedure : The difference between the heights of third and
Case 1. Let the given sequence be 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, ... fourth strips = 3 cm.

1. Take a squared paper. Using a colour pencil, The difference between the heights of fourth and
colour 1 square (1 is the first term of the given the fifth strips = 3 cm.

N
sequence). 2. If we consider figure 1 as a ladder, then we can say

A
that the difference between the heights of adjoining
2. Using a different colour pencils, colour 4

SH
steps of this ladder is constant, which is 3 cm.
squares vertically (4 is the 2nd term of the given
sequence). 3. For figure 2 :

A
3. Colour 7 squares vertically (7 is the 3rd term of the The difference between the heights of first and

K
sequence). second strips = 2 cm.

A
4. Colour 10 squares vertically (10 is the 4th term of The difference between the heights of second and
the sequence) and so on. PR third strips = 3 cm.
The difference between the heights of third and
fourth strips = 2 cm.
S
The difference between the heights of fourth and
ER

fifth strips = 2 cm.

4. If we consider figure 2 as a ladder, then we can say
TH

that the difference between the heights of adjoining

steps of this ladder is not constant.
O

Conclusion : Squence 1 is an AP, as the difference

between its consecutive terms is constant. Sequence 2 is
R

not an AP, as the difference between its consecutive terms

B

is not constant.
Activity-2
L
YA

Objective : To verify that the sum of first n natural

n ( n + 1)
O

numbers is by activity method.

Figure 1 Figure 2 2
G

Case 2. Let the sequence be 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, … Materials Required : Squared paper, colour pencils,
geomety box, a pair of scissors, white sheets of paper,
1. Take a squared paper. Using a colour pencil, colour
gluestick, etc.
1 square (1 is the first term of the sequence).
2. Using a different colour pencil, colour 3 squares Procedure : Let us find the sum of first 12 natural
numbers, ie, 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + 12.
vertically (3 is the second term of the sequence).
1. Take a squared paper of size 12 cm × 12 cm. With
3. Next colour 6 squares vertically (6 is the third term the help of colour pencils, shade rectangles of length
of the sequence). 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, … 12 cm and of width 1
4. Colour 8 squares vertically (8 is the fourth term of cm each, as shown in figure 3. Mark the rectangles
the sequence) and so on. as 1, 2, 3, … 12 respectivety from top to bottom.

9
 Observations :
1. The area of the shaded region in figure 3
= (1×1 + 1×2 + 1×3 + 1×4 + … + 1×12) cm2
= (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + 12) cm2

2. The area of the shaded region in figure 4

= (1×1 + 1×2 + 1×3 + 1×4 + … + 1×12) cm2 = (1 +
2 + 3 + 4 + … + 12) cm2
3. Since, figure 5 is comprised of shaded regions of
figures 1 and 2 so, area of figure 5
= 2 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + 12) cm2
4. But, figure 5 is a rectangle of dimensions 12 cm × 13
cm or 12 cm × (12 + 1) cm

N
Figure 3 So, its area = 12(12 + 1) cm2

A
5. From 3 and 4 above, 2 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + 12) = 12

SH
× (12 + 1)
12 × (12 + 1)
⇒ 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + 12 = .
2

A
12(12 + 1)

K
⇒ sum of first 12 natural numbers = .
2

A
So, sum of first n natural numbers = 1 + 2 + 3 + …
PR +n=
n(n + 1)
.
2
Do Yourself :
S

Repeat the above activity by considering the sum of first

ER

20 natural numbers.
TH

Figure 4
Activity-3
2. Take another squared paper of size 12 cm ×12 cm.
Shade rectangles of length 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, … Objective : To verify that the sum of first n odd natural
O

12 cm and of width 1 cm each, in riverse order as numbers is given by n2 by an activity method.

R

shown in figure 4. Mark the rectangles as 1, 2, 3,

… 12 respectivety from bottom to top. Materials Required : Squared paper, colour pencils,
B

3. Now, cut out the coloured portions of figures 3 and white sheets of paper, a pair of scissors, geometry box,
4 and paste them together on a white sheet of paper
L

gluestick, etc.
as shown in figure 5.
YA

Procedure :
1. Take a squared paper of size 10 cm × 10 cm. Using
O

a colour pencil, shade its top left square.

G

2. Colour the three squares adjacent to the above

square, using a different colour.
3. Colour the five squares, which are adjacent to the
previous squares using a different colour.
4. Colour seven squares which are adjacent to the
previous squares, using a different colour.
5. Continue this process till you shade all the
squares.

Figure 5

10
 Procedure : Let the AP be 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20.
Here, a = 4, d = 2, and t9 = 20
1. Take a squared paper of dimensions 9 cm × 20
cm.
2. Shade 4 squares of all the 9 rows as shown in
figure 7.

N
A
Figure 6 Figure 7
3. Shade 1 × 2 = 2 more squares of second row using

SH
Observations : different colour as shown in the figure 8.
1. Area of the square shaded in step 1 = 1 cm2

A
2. Total area of the squares shaded in steps 1 and 2

K
= (1 + 3) cm 2

A
3. But, the squares shaded in steps 1 and 2 together
form another square of side 2 cm.
So, its area = 22 cm2.
PR
4. So, from 2 and 3 above, 1 + 3 = 22.
S
5. Area of squares shaded in steps 1, 2, and 3 = (1 +
ER

3 + 5) cm2. Figure 8
6. But, the squares shaded in steps 1, 2 and 3 together 4. Shade 2 × 2 = 4 more squares of third row as shown
form another square of side 3 cm. in figure 9.
TH

So, its area = 32 cm2.

7. So, from 5 and 6 above, 1 + 3 + 5 = 32.
O

8. Area of the squares shaded in steps 1, 2, 3 and 4 =

R

(1 + 3 + 5 + 7) cm2.
B

9. But, the squares shaded in steps 1, 2, 3 and 4

together form another square of side 4 cm.
L
YA

So, its area = 42 cm2.

10. From 8 and 9 above, 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 42. Figure 9
O

11. Similarly, we can say that 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 +

13 + 15 + 17 + 19 = 102 5. Shade 3 × 2 = 6 more squares of fourth row.
G

Continue this process up to the 9th row as shown

or 1 + 3 + 5 + … up to 10 terms = 102
below.
or 1 + 3 + 5 … up to n terms = n2
Conclusion : From the above activity, we can say that the
sum of first n odd natural numbers is n2.

Activity-4
Objective : To find the formula for nth term of an
arithmetic progression.
Materials Required : Squared paper, colour pencils,
geometry box, etc.
Figure 10

11
Observations : is given by Tn = a + (n – 1)d.
1. In figure 10, Do Yourself :Find the formula for nth term of an AP by
the first row represents T1 = a = 4 activity method taking the following AP’s
the second row represents T2 = a + d = 4 + 2 (i) 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, … (ii) 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, …
the third row represents T3 = a + 2d = 4 + 2 × 2
the fourth row represents T4 = a + 3d = 4 + 3 × 2 Activity-5
the fifth row represents T5 = a + 4d = 4 + 4 × 2
the sixth row represents T6 = a + 5d = 4 + 5 × 2 Objective : To find the formula for the sum of n terms of
the seventh row represents T7 = a + 6d = 4 + 6 × 2 an arithmetic progression.
the eighth row represents T8 = a + 7d = 4 + 7 × 2 Materials Required : Squared paper, colour pencils,
the ninth row represents T9 = a + 8d = 4 + 8 × 2 geometry box, a pair of scissors, white sheets of paper,
2. From 1 above, we have, T1 = a, T2 = a + d = a + gluestick, etc.
(2 – 1)d, Procedure : Let us take the AP 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, …

N
T3 = a + 2d = a + (3 – 1)d, ... T9 = a + 8d = a +
(9 – 1)d Here a = 1, d = 3

A
If we continue the pattern, we can write Tn= a + 1. Take a squared paper of size 16 cm × 6 cm. With the

SH
(n – 1)d help of colour pencils, shade rectangles of length 1
Conclusion : From the above activity, we find the nth term cm, 4 cm, 7 cm, 10 cm, 13 cm, 16 cm and of width

A
of an AP whose first term is a and common difference d 1 cm each as shown in the figure.

K
T1 = 1

A
T2 = 1 + 3 = 4
T3 = 1 + 2 × 3 = 7
PR
T4 = 1 + 3 × 3 = 10
S
T5 = 1 + 4 × 3 = 13
ER

T6 = 1 + 5 × 3 = 16
Figure 11
TH

2. Take another squared paper of size 16 cm × 6 cm. Observations :

Shade rectangles of length 1 cm, 4 cm, 7 cm, 10 1. The area of the shaded region in the figure 11
O

cm, 13 cm, 16 cm and of width 1 cm each in the

= (1×1 + 1×4 + 1×7 + 1×10 + 1×13 + 1×16) cm2
reverse order as shown in figure 12.
R

= (1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + 16) cm2
B

2. The area of the shaded region in the figure 12

= (1×1 + 1×4 + 1×7 + 1×10 + 1×13 + 1×16) cm2
L

= (1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + 16) cm2
YA

3. Since, figure 13 is made up of the shaded regions

of figures 11 and 12, so area of figure 13
O

= 2 (1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + 16) cm2
G

Figure 12
4. But, figure 13 is a rectangle of dimensions
3. Now, cut the coloured portions of figures 11 and 12 6 cm × 17 cm
and paste them on a white sheet of paper as shown So, its area = (6 × 17) cm2
in figure. 5. From 3 and 4 above we have,
6 6
1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + 16 = × 17 = (1 + 16) =
2 2
6
[1 +(1 + 5 × 3)] [ T6 = 16 = 1 + 5 × 3]
2
6 6
= [2 + 5 × 3] = [2 +(6 – 1) 3]
2 2
⇒ T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6
Figure 13
12
 6 6
= [2a + (6 – 1)d] ⇒ T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6 = (1 + 16)
2 6 2
[Replacing 1 by a and 3 by d] = (T1 + T6)
2 n
6 6
⇒ S6 = T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6 = ⇒ S6 = (T1 + T6) ⇒ Sn = [T1 + Tn]
2 2 2
[2a + (6 – 1)d]
[Extending the same pattern for n terms]
n
⇒ Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + … Tn = [2a + (n – 1)d] Conclusion :
2
1. From the above activity, it is verified that
[Extending the pattern for n terms]
(a) the sum of first n terms of an AP whose first
6. From figure 13, the area of first row = 1 × (1 + 16) term is a and common difference is d, is given
cm2 n
by Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
There are 6 rows in figure 13. So, area of firure 2
13 = 6 × (1 + 16) cm2
(b) the sum of first n terms of an AP whose first

N
7. From 3 and 6, we have term is T1 and the last term is Tn, is given by

A
2(1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + 16) = 6 (1 + 16) n
Sn = [T1 + Tn]

SH
6 2
⇒ 1 + 4 +7 + 10 + 13 + 16 = (1+16)
2

A
K
A
PR
S
ER
TH
O
R
B
L
YA
O
G

13
Class X Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions Maths

Exercise 5.1
Question 1:
In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved
make as arithmetic progression and why?
(i) The taxi fare after each km when the fare is Rs 15 for the first km
and Rs 8 for each additional km.
(ii) The amount of air present in a cylinder when a vacuum pump

removes of the air remaining in the cylinder at a time.

(iii) The cost of digging a well after every metre of digging, when it
costs Rs 150 for the first metre and rises by Rs 50 for each subsequent
metre.
(iv)The amount of money in the account every year, when Rs 10000 is
deposited at compound interest at 8% per annum.
Answer:
(i) It can be observed that
Taxi fare for 1st km = 15
Taxi fare for first 2 km = 15 + 8 = 23
Taxi fare for first 3 km = 23 + 8 = 31
Taxi fare for first 4 km = 31 + 8 = 39
Clearly 15, 23, 31, 39 … forms an A.P. because every term is 8 more
than the preceding term.
(ii) Let the initial volume of air in a cylinder be V lit. In each stroke,

the vacuum pump removes of air remaining in the cylinder at a time.

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Class X Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions Maths

In other words, after every stroke, only part of air will

remain.

Therefore, volumes will be

Clearly, it can be observed that the adjacent terms of this series do
not have the same difference between them. Therefore, this is not an
A.P.
(iii) Cost of digging for first metre = 150
Cost of digging for first 2 metres = 150 + 50 = 200
Cost of digging for first 3 metres = 200 + 50 = 250
Cost of digging for first 4 metres = 250 + 50 = 300
Clearly, 150, 200, 250, 300 … forms an A.P. because every term is 50
more than the preceding term.
(iv) We know that if Rs P is deposited at r% compound interest per

annum for n years, our money will be after n years.

Therefore, after every year, our money will be

Clearly, adjacent terms of this series do not have the same difference
between them. Therefore, this is not an A.P.
Question 2:
Write first four terms of the A.P. when the first term a and the
common difference d are given as follows

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Class X Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions Maths

(i) a = 10, d = 10
(ii) a = − 2, d = 0
(iii) a = 4, d = − 3

(iv) a = − 1 d =
(v) a = − 1.25, d = − 0.25
Answer:
(i) a = 10, d = 10
Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
a1 = a = 10
a2 = a1 + d = 10 + 10 = 20
a3 = a2 + d = 20 + 10 = 30
a4 = a3 + d = 30 + 10 = 40
a5 = a4 + d = 40 + 10 = 50
Therefore, the series will be 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 …
First four terms of this A.P. will be 10, 20, 30, and 40.
(ii) a = −2, d = 0
Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …
a1 = a = −2
a2 = a1 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2
a3 = a2 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2
a4 = a3 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2
Therefore, the series will be −2, −2, −2, −2 …
First four terms of this A.P. will be −2, −2, −2 and −2.
(iii) a = 4, d = −3

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Class X Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions Maths

Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …

a1 = a = 4
a2 = a1 + d = 4 − 3 = 1
a3 = a2 + d = 1 − 3 = −2
a4 = a3 + d = − 2 − 3 = −5
Therefore, the series will be 4, 1, −2 −5 …
First four terms of this A.P. will be 4, 1, −2 and −5.

(iv) a = −1, d =
Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …

Clearly, the series will be

………….

First four terms of this A.P. will be .

(v) a = −1.25, d = −0.25
Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …
a1 = a = −1.25
a2 = a1 + d = − 1.25 − 0.25 = −1.50
a3 = a2 + d = − 1.50 − 0.25 = −1.75

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a4 = a3 + d = − 1.75 − 0.25 = −2.00

Clearly, the series will be 1.25, −1.50, −1.75, −2.00 ……..
First four terms of this A.P. will be −1.25, −1.50, −1.75 and −2.00.
Question 3:
For the following A.P.s, write the first term and the common
difference.
(i) 3, 1, − 1, − 3 …
(ii) − 5, − 1, 3, 7 …

(iii)
(iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9 …
Answer:
(i) 3, 1, −1, −3 …
Here, first term, a = 3
Common difference, d = Second term − First term
= 1 − 3 = −2
(ii) −5, −1, 3, 7 …
Here, first term, a = −5
Common difference, d = Second term − First term
= (−1) − (−5) = − 1 + 5 = 4

(iii)

Here, first term,

Common difference, d = Second term − First term

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(iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9 …

Here, first term, a = 0.6
Common difference, d = Second term − First term
= 1.7 − 0.6
= 1.1

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Exercise 5.2
Question 1:
Fill in the blanks in the following table, given that a is the first term, d
the common difference and an the nth term of the A.P.

a d n an

I 7 3 8 …...

II − 18 ….. 10 0

III ….. −3 18 −5

IV − 18.9 2.5 ….. 3.6

V 3.5 0 105 …..

Answer:
I. a = 7, d = 3, n = 8, an = ?
We know that,
For an A.P. an = a + (n − 1) d
= 7 + (8 − 1) 3
= 7 + (7) 3
= 7 + 21 = 28
Hence, an = 28
II. Given that
a = −18, n = 10, an = 0, d = ?
We know that,

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an = a + (n − 1) d
0 = − 18 + (10 − 1) d
18 = 9d

Hence, common difference, d = 2

III. Given that
d = −3, n = 18, an = −5
We know that,
an = a + (n − 1) d
−5 = a + (18 − 1) (−3)
−5 = a + (17) (−3)
−5 = a − 51
a = 51 − 5 = 46
Hence, a = 46
IV. a = −18.9, d = 2.5, an = 3.6, n = ?
We know that,
an = a + (n − 1) d
3.6 = − 18.9 + (n − 1) 2.5
3.6 + 18.9 = (n − 1) 2.5
22.5 = (n − 1) 2.5

Hence, n = 10

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V. a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 105, an = ?
We know that,
an = a + (n − 1) d
an = 3.5 + (105 − 1) 0
an = 3.5 + 104 × 0
an = 3.5
Hence, an = 3.5
Question 2:
Choose the correct choice in the following and justify
I. 30th term of the A.P: 10, 7, 4, …, is
A. 97 B. 77 C. − 77 D. − 87

II 11th term of the A.P. is

A. 28 B. 22 C. − 38 D.
Answer:
I. Given that
A.P. 10, 7, 4, …
First term, a = 10
Common difference, d = a2 − a1 = 7 − 10
= −3
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
a30 = 10 + (30 − 1) (−3)
a30 = 10 + (29) (−3)
a30 = 10 − 87 = −77

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Hence, the correct answer is C.

II. Given that, A.P.

First term a = −3
Common difference, d = a2 − a1

We know that,

Hence, the answer is B.

Question 3:
In the following APs find the missing term in the boxes

I.

II.

III.

IV.

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V.
Answer:

I.
For this A.P.,
a=2
a3 = 26
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
a3 = 2 + (3 − 1) d
26 = 2 + 2d
24 = 2d
d = 12
a2 = 2 + (2 − 1) 12
= 14
Therefore, 14 is the missing term.

II.
For this A.P.,
a2 = 13 and
a4 = 3
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
a2 = a + (2 − 1) d
13 = a + d (I)
a4 = a + (4 − 1) d
3 = a + 3d (II)
On subtracting (I) from (II), we obtain

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−10 = 2d
d = −5
From equation (I), we obtain
13 = a + (−5)
a = 18
a3 = 18 + (3 − 1) (−5)
= 18 + 2 (−5) = 18 − 10 = 8
Therefore, the missing terms are 18 and 8 respectively.

III.
For this A.P.,

We know that,

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Therefore, the missing terms are and 8 respectively.

IV.
For this A.P.,
a = −4 and
a6 = 6
We know that,
an = a + (n − 1) d
a6 = a + (6 − 1) d
6 = − 4 + 5d
10 = 5d
d=2
a2 = a + d = − 4 + 2 = −2

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a3 = a + 2d = − 4 + 2 (2) = 0
a4 = a + 3d = − 4 + 3 (2) = 2
a5 = a + 4d = − 4 + 4 (2) = 4
Therefore, the missing terms are −2, 0, 2, and 4 respectively.

V.
For this A.P.,
a2 = 38
a6 = −22
We know that
an = a + (n − 1) d
a2 = a + (2 − 1) d
38 = a + d (1)
a6 = a + (6 − 1) d
−22 = a + 5d (2)
On subtracting equation (1) from (2), we obtain
− 22 − 38 = 4d
−60 = 4d
d = −15
a = a2 − d = 38 − (−15) = 53
a3 = a + 2d = 53 + 2 (−15) = 23
a4 = a + 3d = 53 + 3 (−15) = 8
a5 = a + 4d = 53 + 4 (−15) = −7
Therefore, the missing terms are 53, 23, 8, and −7 respectively.

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Question 4:
Which term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, 18, … is 78?
Answer:
3, 8, 13, 18, …
For this A.P.,
a=3
d = a2 − a1 = 8 − 3 = 5
Let nth term of this A.P. be 78.
an = a + (n − 1) d
78 = 3 + (n − 1) 5
75 = (n − 1) 5
(n − 1) = 15
n = 16
Hence, 16th term of this A.P. is 78.
Question 5:
Find the number of terms in each of the following A.P.
I. 7, 13, 19, …, 205

II.
Answer:
I. 7, 13, 19, …, 205
For this A.P.,
a=7
d = a2 − a1 = 13 − 7 = 6
Let there are n terms in this A.P.

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an = 205
We know that
an = a + (n − 1) d
Therefore, 205 = 7 + (n − 1) 6
198 = (n − 1) 6
33 = (n − 1)
n = 34
Therefore, this given series has 34 terms in it.

II.
For this A.P.,

Let there are n terms in this A.P.

Therefore, an = −47 and we know that,

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Therefore, this given A.P. has 27 terms in it.

Question 6:
Check whether − 150 is a term of the A.P. 11, 8, 5, 2, …
Answer:
For this A.P.,
a = 11
d = a2 − a1 = 8 − 11 = −3
Let −150 be the nth term of this A.P.
We know that,

Clearly, n is not an integer.

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Therefore, −150 is not a term of this A.P.

Question 7:
Find the 31st term of an A.P. whose 11th term is 38 and the 16th term
is 73
Answer:
Given that,
a11 = 38
a16 = 73
We know that,
an = a + (n − 1) d
a11 = a + (11 − 1) d
38 = a + 10d (1)
Similarly,
a16 = a + (16 − 1) d
73 = a + 15d (2)
On subtracting (1) from (2), we obtain
35 = 5d
d=7
From equation (1),
38 = a + 10 × (7)
38 − 70 = a
a = −32
a31 = a + (31 − 1) d
= − 32 + 30 (7)
= − 32 + 210

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= 178
Hence, 31st term is 178.
Question 8:
An A.P. consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is 12 and the last term
is 106. Find the 29th term
Answer:
Given that,
a3 = 12
a50 = 106
We know that,
an = a + (n − 1) d
a3 = a + (3 − 1) d
12 = a + 2d (I)
Similarly, a50 = a + (50 − 1) d
106 = a + 49d (II)
On subtracting (I) from (II), we obtain
94 = 47d
d=2
From equation (I), we obtain
12 = a + 2 (2)
a = 12 − 4 = 8
a29 = a + (29 − 1) d
a29 = 8 + (28)2
a29 = 8 + 56 = 64
Therefore, 29th term is 64.

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Question 9:
If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an A.P. are 4 and − 8 respectively.
Which term of this A.P. is zero.
Answer:
Given that,
a3 = 4
a9 = −8
We know that,
an = a + (n − 1) d
a3 = a + (3 − 1) d
4 = a + 2d (I)
a9 = a + (9 − 1) d
−8 = a + 8d (II)
On subtracting equation (I) from (II), we obtain
−12 = 6d
d = −2
From equation (I), we obtain
4 = a + 2 (−2)
4=a−4
a=8
Let nth term of this A.P. be zero.
an = a + (n − 1) d
0 = 8 + (n − 1) (−2)
0 = 8 − 2n + 2
2n = 10

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n=5
Hence, 5th term of this A.P. is 0.
Question 10:
If 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th term by 7. Find the common
difference.
Answer:
We know that,
For an A.P., an = a + (n − 1) d
a17 = a + (17 − 1) d
a17 = a + 16d
Similarly, a10 = a + 9d
It is given that
a17 − a10 = 7
(a + 16d) − (a + 9d) = 7
7d = 7
d=1
Therefore, the common difference is 1.
Question 11:
Which term of the A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39, … will be 132 more than its 54th
term?
Answer:
Given A.P. is 3, 15, 27, 39, …
a=3
d = a2 − a1 = 15 − 3 = 12
a54 = a + (54 − 1) d

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= 3 + (53) (12)
= 3 + 636 = 639
132 + 639 = 771
We have to find the term of this A.P. which is 771.
Let nth term be 771.
an = a + (n − 1) d
771 = 3 + (n − 1) 12
768 = (n − 1) 12
(n − 1) = 64
n = 65
Therefore, 65th term was 132 more than 54th term.
Alternatively,
Let nth term be 132 more than 54th term.

Question 12:
Two APs have the same common difference. The difference between
their 100th term is 100, what is the difference between their 1000th
terms?
Answer:
Let the first term of these A.P.s be a1 and a2 respectively and the
common difference of these A.P.s be d.
For first A.P.,
a100 = a1 + (100 − 1) d

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= a1 + 99d
a1000 = a1 + (1000 − 1) d
a1000 = a1 + 999d
For second A.P.,
a100 = a2 + (100 − 1) d
= a2 + 99d
a1000 = a2 + (1000 − 1) d
= a2 + 999d
Given that, difference between
100th term of these A.P.s = 100
Therefore, (a1 + 99d) − (a2 + 99d) = 100
a1 − a2 = 100 (1)
Difference between 1000th terms of these A.P.s
(a1 + 999d) − (a2 + 999d) = a1 − a2
From equation (1),
This difference, a1 − a2 = 100
Hence, the difference between 1000th terms of these A.P. will be 100.
Question 13:
How many three digit numbers are divisible by 7
Answer:
First three-digit number that is divisible by 7 = 105
Next number = 105 + 7 = 112
Therefore, 105, 112, 119, …

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All are three digit numbers which are divisible by 7 and thus, all these
are terms of an A.P. having first term as 105 and common difference
as 7.
The maximum possible three-digit number is 999. When we divide it
by 7, the remainder will be 5. Clearly, 999 − 5 = 994 is the maximum
possible three-digit number that is divisible by 7.
The series is as follows.
105, 112, 119, …, 994
Let 994 be the nth term of this A.P.
a = 105
d=7
an = 994
n=?
an = a + (n − 1) d
994 = 105 + (n − 1) 7
889 = (n − 1) 7
(n − 1) = 127
n = 128
Therefore, 128 three-digit numbers are divisible by 7.
Question 14:
How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250?
Answer:
First multiple of 4 that is greater than 10 is 12. Next will be 16.
Therefore, 12, 16, 20, 24, …

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All these are divisible by 4 and thus, all these are terms of an A.P. with
first term as 12 and common difference as 4.
When we divide 250 by 4, the remainder will be 2. Therefore, 250 − 2
= 248 is divisible by 4.
The series is as follows.
12, 16, 20, 24, …, 248
Let 248 be the nth term of this A.P.

Therefore, there are 60 multiples of 4 between 10 and 250.

Question 15:
For what value of n, are the nth terms of two APs 63, 65, 67, and 3,
10, 17, … equal
Answer:
63, 65, 67, …
a = 63
d = a2 − a1 = 65 − 63 = 2
nth term of this A.P. = an = a + (n − 1) d
an= 63 + (n − 1) 2 = 63 + 2n − 2

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an = 61 + 2n (1)
3, 10, 17, …
a=3
d = a2 − a1 = 10 − 3 = 7
nth term of this A.P. = 3 + (n − 1) 7
an = 3 + 7n − 7
an = 7n − 4 (2)
It is given that, nth term of these A.P.s are equal to each other.
Equating both these equations, we obtain
61 + 2n = 7n − 4
61 + 4 = 5n
5n = 65
n = 13
Therefore, 13th terms of both these A.P.s are equal to each other.
Question 16:
Determine the A.P. whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceeds
the 5th term by 12.
Answer:
=a3 = 16
a + (3 − 1) d = 16
a + 2d = 16 (1)
a7 − a5 = 12
[a+ (7 − 1) d] − [a + (5 − 1) d]= 12
(a + 6d) − (a + 4d) = 12
2d = 12

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d=6
From equation (1), we obtain
a + 2 (6) = 16
a + 12 = 16
a=4
Therefore, A.P. will be
4, 10, 16, 22, …
Question 17:
Find the 20th term from the last term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, …, 253
Answer:
Given A.P. is
3, 8, 13, …, 253
Common difference for this A.P. is 5.
Therefore, this A.P. can be written in reverse order as
253, 248, 243, …, 13, 8, 5
For this A.P.,
a = 253
d = 248 − 253 = −5
n = 20
a20 = a + (20 − 1) d
a20 = 253 + (19) (−5)
a20 = 253 − 95
a = 158
Therefore, 20th term from the last term is 158.

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Question 18:
The sum of 4th and 8th terms of an A.P. is 24 and the sum of the 6th
and 10th terms is 44. Find the first three terms of the A.P.
Answer:
We know that,
an = a + (n − 1) d
a4 = a + (4 − 1) d
a4 = a + 3d
Similarly,
a8 = a + 7d
a6 = a + 5d
a10 = a + 9d
Given that, a4 + a8 = 24
a + 3d + a + 7d = 24
2a + 10d = 24
a + 5d = 12 (1)
a6 + a10 = 44
a + 5d + a + 9d = 44
2a + 14d = 44
a + 7d = 22 (2)
On subtracting equation (1) from (2), we obtain
2d = 22 − 12
2d = 10
d=5
From equation (1), we obtain

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a + 5d = 12
a + 5 (5) = 12
a + 25 = 12
a = −13
a2 = a + d = − 13 + 5 = −8
a3 = a2 + d = − 8 + 5 = −3
Therefore, the first three terms of this A.P. are −13, −8, and −3.
Question 19:
Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of Rs 5000 and
received an increment of Rs 200 each year. In which year did his
income reach Rs 7000?
Answer:
It can be observed that the incomes that Subba Rao obtained in
various years are in A.P. as every year, his salary is increased by Rs
200.
Therefore, the salaries of each year after 1995 are
5000, 5200, 5400, …
Here, a = 5000
d = 200
Let after nth year, his salary be Rs 7000.
Therefore, an = a + (n − 1) d
7000 = 5000 + (n − 1) 200
200(n − 1) = 2000
(n − 1) = 10
n = 11

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Therefore, in 11th year, his salary will be Rs 7000.

Question 20:
Ramkali saved Rs 5 in the first week of a year and then increased her
weekly saving by Rs 1.75. If in the nth week, her week, her weekly
savings become Rs 20.75, find n.
Answer:
Given that,
a=5
d = 1.75
an = 20.75
n=?
an = a + (n − 1) d

n−1=9
n = 10
Hence, n is 10.

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Exercise 5.3
Question 1:
Find the sum of the following APs.
(i) 2, 7, 12 ,…., to 10 terms.
(ii) − 37, − 33, − 29 ,…, to 12 terms
(iii) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8 ,…….., to 100 terms

(iv) ,………, to 11 terms

Answer:
(i)2, 7, 12 ,…, to 10 terms
For this A.P.,
a=2
d = a2 − a1 = 7 − 2 = 5
n = 10
We know that,

(ii)−37, −33, −29 ,…, to 12 terms

For this A.P.,
a = −37
d = a2 − a1 = (−33) − (−37)
= − 33 + 37 = 4

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n = 12
We know that,

(iii) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8 ,…, to 100 terms

For this A.P.,
a = 0.6
d = a2 − a1 = 1.7 − 0.6 = 1.1
n = 100
We know that,

(iv) . …….. , to 11 terms

For this A.P.,

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n = 11

We know that,

Question 2:
Find the sums given below

(i) 7 + + 14 + ………… + 84
(ii) 34 + 32 + 30 + ……….. + 10
(iii) − 5 + (− 8) + (− 11) + ………… + (− 230)
Answer:

(i)7 + + 14 + …………+ 84
For this A.P.,

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a=7
l = 84

Let 84 be the nth term of this A.P.

l = a + (n − 1)d

22 = n − 1
n = 23
We know that,

(ii)34 + 32 + 30 + ……….. + 10
For this A.P.,
a = 34
d = a2 − a1 = 32 − 34 = −2
l = 10
Let 10 be the nth term of this A.P.

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l = a + (n − 1) d
10 = 34 + (n − 1) (−2)
−24 = (n − 1) (−2)
12 = n − 1
n = 13

(iii)(−5) + (−8) + (−11) + ………… + (−230)

For this A.P.,
a = −5
l = −230
d = a2 − a1 = (−8) − (−5)
= − 8 + 5 = −3
Let −230 be the nth term of this A.P.
l = a + (n − 1)d
−230 = − 5 + (n − 1) (−3)
−225 = (n − 1) (−3)
(n − 1) = 75
n = 76

And,

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Question 3:
In an AP
(i) Given a = 5, d = 3, an = 50, find n and Sn.
(ii) Given a = 7, a13 = 35, find d and S13.
(iii) Given a12 = 37, d = 3, find a and S12.
(iv) Given a3 = 15, S10 = 125, find d and a10.
(v) Given d = 5, S9 = 75, find a and a9.
(vi) Given a = 2, d = 8, Sn = 90, find n and an.
(vii) Given a = 8, an = 62, Sn = 210, find n and d.
(viii) Given an = 4, d = 2, Sn = − 14, find n and a.
(ix) Given a = 3, n = 8, S = 192, find d.
(x)Given l = 28, S = 144 and there are total 9 terms. Find a.
Answer:
(i) Given that, a = 5, d = 3, an = 50
As an = a + (n − 1)d,
∴ 50 = 5 + (n − 1)3
45 = (n − 1)3
15 = n − 1
n = 16

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(ii) Given that, a = 7, a13 = 35

As an = a + (n − 1) d,
∴ a13 = a + (13 − 1) d
35 = 7 + 12 d
35 − 7 = 12d
28 = 12d

(iii)Given that, a12 = 37, d = 3

As an = a + (n − 1)d,
a12 = a + (12 − 1)3
37 = a + 33
a=4

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(iv) Given that, a3 = 15, S10 = 125

As an = a + (n − 1)d,
a3 = a + (3 − 1)d
15 = a + 2d (i)

On multiplying equation (1) by 2, we obtain

30 = 2a + 4d (iii)
On subtracting equation (iii) from (ii), we obtain
−5 = 5d
d = −1
From equation (i),
15 = a + 2(−1)
15 = a − 2
a = 17
a10 = a + (10 − 1)d
a10 = 17 + (9) (−1)

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a10 = 17 − 9 = 8
(v)Given that, d = 5, S9 = 75

As ,

25 = 3(a + 20)
25 = 3a + 60
3a = 25 − 60

an = a + (n − 1)d
a9 = a + (9 − 1) (5)

(vi) Given that, a = 2, d = 8, Sn = 90

As ,

90 = n [2 + (n − 1)4]
90 = n [2 + 4n − 4]

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90 = n (4n − 2) = 4n2 − 2n
4n2 − 2n − 90 = 0
4n2 − 20n + 18n − 90 = 0
4n (n − 5) + 18 (n − 5) = 0
(n − 5) (4n + 18) = 0
Either n − 5 = 0 or 4n + 18 = 0

n = 5 or
However, n can neither be negative nor fractional.
Therefore, n = 5
an = a + (n − 1)d
a5 = 2 + (5 − 1)8
= 2 + (4) (8)
= 2 + 32 = 34
(vii) Given that, a = 8, an = 62, Sn = 210

n=6
an = a + (n − 1)d
62 = 8 + (6 − 1)d
62 − 8 = 5d
54 = 5d

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(viii) Given that, an = 4, d = 2, Sn = −14

an = a + (n − 1)d
4 = a + (n − 1)2
4 = a + 2n − 2
a + 2n = 6
a = 6 − 2n (i)

−28 = n (a + 4)
−28 = n (6 − 2n + 4) {From equation (i)}
−28 = n (− 2n + 10)
−28 = − 2n2 + 10n
2n2 − 10n − 28 = 0
n2 − 5n −14 = 0
n2 − 7n + 2n − 14 = 0
n (n − 7) + 2(n − 7) = 0
(n − 7) (n + 2) = 0
Either n − 7 = 0 or n + 2 = 0
n = 7 or n = −2
However, n can neither be negative nor fractional.
Therefore, n = 7
From equation (i), we obtain

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a = 6 − 2n
a = 6 − 2(7)
= 6 − 14
= −8
(ix)Given that, a = 3, n = 8, S = 192

192 = 4 [6 + 7d]
48 = 6 + 7d
42 = 7d
d=6
(x)Given that, l = 28, S = 144 and there are total of 9 terms.

(16) × (2) = a + 28
32 = a + 28
a=4
Question 4:
How many terms of the AP. 9, 17, 25 … must be taken to give a sum
of 636?
Answer:
Let there be n terms of this A.P.

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For this A.P., a = 9

d = a2 − a1 = 17 − 9 = 8

636 = n [9 + 4n − 4]
636 = n (4n + 5)
4n2 + 5n − 636 = 0
4n2 + 53n − 48n − 636 = 0
n (4n + 53) − 12 (4n + 53) = 0
(4n + 53) (n − 12) = 0
Either 4n + 53 = 0 or n − 12 = 0

or n = 12

n cannot be . As the number of terms can neither be negative nor

fractional, therefore, n = 12 only.
Question 5:
The first term of an AP is 5, the last term is 45 and the sum is 400.
Find the number of terms and the common difference.
Answer:
Given that,
a=5

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l = 45
Sn = 400

n = 16
l = a + (n − 1) d
45 = 5 + (16 − 1) d
40 = 15d

Question 6:
The first and the last term of an AP are 17 and 350 respectively. If the
common difference is 9, how many terms are there and what is their
sum?
Answer:
Given that,
a = 17
l = 350
d=9
Let there be n terms in the A.P.
l = a + (n − 1) d
350 = 17 + (n − 1)9

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333 = (n − 1)9
(n − 1) = 37
n = 38

Thus, this A.P. contains 38 terms and the sum of the terms of this A.P.
is 6973.
Question 7:
Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in which d = 7 and 22nd term is
149.
Answer:
d=7
a22 = 149
S22 = ?
an = a + (n − 1)d
a22 = a + (22 − 1)d
149 = a + 21 × 7
149 = a + 147
a=2

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Question 8:
Find the sum of first 51 terms of an AP whose second and third terms
are 14 and 18 respectively.
Answer:
Given that,
a2 = 14
a3 = 18
d = a3 − a2 = 18 − 14 = 4
a2 = a + d
14 = a + 4
a = 10

= 5610
Question 9:
If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that of 17 terms is 289,
find the sum of first n terms.
Answer:
Given that,
S7 = 49

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S17 = 289

7 = (a + 3d)
a + 3d = 7 (i)

Similarly,

17 = (a + 8d)
a + 8d = 17 (ii)
Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii),
5d = 10
d=2
From equation (i),
a + 3(2) = 7
a+6=7
a=1

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= n2
Question 10:
Show that a1, a2 … , an , … form an AP where an is defined as below
(i) an = 3 + 4n
(ii) an = 9 − 5n
Also find the sum of the first 15 terms in each case.
Answer:
(i) an = 3 + 4n
a1 = 3 + 4(1) = 7
a2 = 3 + 4(2) = 3 + 8 = 11
a3 = 3 + 4(3) = 3 + 12 = 15
a4 = 3 + 4(4) = 3 + 16 = 19
It can be observed that
a2 − a1 = 11 − 7 = 4
a3 − a2 = 15 − 11 = 4
a4 − a3 = 19 − 15 = 4
i.e., ak + 1 − ak is same every time. Therefore, this is an AP with
common difference as 4 and first term as 7.

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= 15 × 35
= 525
(ii) an = 9 − 5n
a1 = 9 − 5 × 1 = 9 − 5 = 4
a2 = 9 − 5 × 2 = 9 − 10 = −1
a3 = 9 − 5 × 3 = 9 − 15 = −6
a4 = 9 − 5 × 4 = 9 − 20 = −11
It can be observed that
a2 − a1 = − 1 − 4 = −5
a3 − a2 = − 6 − (−1) = −5
a4 − a3 = − 11 − (−6) = −5
i.e., ak + 1 − ak is same every time. Therefore, this is an A.P. with
common difference as −5 and first term as 4.

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= −465
Question 11:
If the sum of the first n terms of an AP is 4n − n2, what is the first
term (that is S1)? What is the sum of first two terms? What is the
second term? Similarly find the 3rd, the10th and the nth terms.
Answer:
Given that,
Sn = 4n − n2
First term, a = S1 = 4(1) − (1)2 = 4 − 1 = 3
Sum of first two terms = S2
= 4(2) − (2)2 = 8 − 4 = 4
Second term, a2 = S2 − S1 = 4 − 3 = 1
d = a2 − a = 1 − 3 = −2
an = a + (n − 1)d
= 3 + (n − 1) (−2)
= 3 − 2n + 2
= 5 − 2n

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Therefore, a3 = 5 − 2(3) = 5 − 6 = −1
a10 = 5 − 2(10) = 5 − 20 = −15
Hence, the sum of first two terms is 4. The second term is 1. 3rd, 10th,
and nth terms are −1, −15, and 5 − 2n respectively.
Question 12:
Find the sum of first 40 positive integers divisible by 6.
Answer:
The positive integers that are divisible by 6 are
6, 12, 18, 24 …
It can be observed that these are making an A.P. whose first term is 6
and common difference is 6.
a=6
d=6
S40 =?

= 20[12 + (39) (6)]

= 20(12 + 234)
= 20 × 246
= 4920
Question 13:
Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8.
Answer:

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The multiples of 8 are

8, 16, 24, 32…
These are in an A.P., having first term as 8 and common difference as
8.
Therefore, a = 8
d=8
S15 =?

= 960
Question 14:
Find the sum of the odd numbers between 0 and 50.
Answer:
The odd numbers between 0 and 50 are
1, 3, 5, 7, 9 … 49
Therefore, it can be observed that these odd numbers are in an A.P.
a=1
d=2
l = 49

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l = a + (n − 1) d
49 = 1 + (n − 1)2
48 = 2(n − 1)
n − 1 = 24
n = 25

= 625
Question 15:
A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay of
completion beyond a certain date as follows: Rs. 200 for the first day,
Rs. 250 for the second day, Rs. 300 for the third day, etc., the penalty
for each succeeding day being Rs. 50 more than for the preceding day.
How much money the contractor has to pay as penalty, if he has
delayed the work by 30 days.
Answer:
It can be observed that these penalties are in an A.P. having first term
as 200 and common difference as 50.
a = 200
d = 50
Penalty that has to be paid if he has delayed the work by 30 days =
S30

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= 15 [400 + 1450]
= 15 (1850)
= 27750
Therefore, the contractor has to pay Rs 27750 as penalty.
Question 16:
A sum of Rs 700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of
a school for their overall academic performance. If each prize is Rs 20
less than its preceding prize, find the value of each of the prizes.
Answer:
Let the cost of 1st prize be P.
Cost of 2nd prize = P − 20
And cost of 3rd prize = P − 40
It can be observed that the cost of these prizes are in an A.P. having
common difference as −20 and first term as P.
a=P
d = −20
Given that, S7 = 700

a + 3(−20) = 100
a − 60 = 100

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a = 160
Therefore, the value of each of the prizes was Rs 160, Rs 140, Rs 120,
Rs 100, Rs 80, Rs 60, and Rs 40.
Question 17:
In a school, students thought of planting trees in and around the
school to reduce air pollution. It was decided that the number of trees,
that each section of each class will plant, will be the same as the class,
in which they are studying, e.g., a section of class I will plant 1 tree, a
section of class II will plant 2 trees and so on till class XII. There are
three sections of each class. How many trees will be planted by the
students?
Answer:
It can be observed that the number of trees planted by the students is
in an AP.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5………………..12
First term, a = 1
Common difference, d = 2 − 1 = 1

= 6 (2 + 11)
= 6 (13)
= 78
Therefore, number of trees planted by 1 section of the classes = 78

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Number of trees planted by 3 sections of the classes = 3 × 78 = 234

Therefore, 234 trees will be planted by the students.
Question 18:
A spiral is made up of successive semicircles, with centres alternately
at A and B, starting with centre at A of radii 0.5, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0
cm, ……… as shown in figure. What is the total length of such a spiral

made up of thirteen consecutive semicircles?

Answer:
Semi-perimeter of circle = πr

I1 = π(0.5)
I2 = π(1) = π cm

I3 = π(1.5) =
Therefore, I1, I2, I3 ,i.e. the lengths of the semi-circles are in an A.P.,

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S13 =?
We know that the sum of n terms of an a A.P. is given by

= 143
Therefore, the length of such spiral of thirteen consecutive semi-circles
will be 143 cm.
Question 19:
200 logs are stacked in the following manner: 20 logs in the bottom
row, 19 in the next row, 18 in the row next to it and so on. In how
many rows are the 200 logs placed and how many logs are in the top
row?

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Answer:
It can be observed that the numbers of logs in rows are in an A.P.
20, 19, 18…
For this A.P.,
a = 20
d = a2 − a1 = 19 − 20 = −1
Let a total of 200 logs be placed in n rows.
Sn = 200

400 = n (40 − n + 1)
400 = n (41 − n)
400 = 41n − n2
n2 − 41n + 400 = 0
n2 − 16n − 25n + 400 = 0
n (n − 16) −25 (n − 16) = 0
(n − 16) (n − 25) = 0
Either (n − 16) = 0 or n − 25 = 0
n = 16 or n = 25
an = a + (n − 1)d

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a16 = 20 + (16 − 1) (−1)

a16 = 20 − 15
a16 = 5
Similarly,
a25 = 20 + (25 − 1) (−1)
a25 = 20 − 24
= −4
Clearly, the number of logs in 16th row is 5. However, the number of
logs in 25th row is negative, which is not possible.
Therefore, 200 logs can be placed in 16 rows and the number of logs
in the 16th row is 5.
Question 20:
In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the starting point, which is 5 m
from the first potato and other potatoes are placed 3 m apart in a
straight line. There are ten potatoes in the line.

A competitor starts from the bucket, picks up the nearest potato, runs
back with it, drops it in the bucket, runs back to pick up the next
potato, runs to the bucket to drop it in, and she continues in the same
way until all the potatoes are in the bucket. What is the total distance
the competitor has to run?

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[Hint: to pick up the first potato and the second potato, the total
distance (in metres) run by a competitor is 2 × 5 + 2 ×(5 + 3)]
Answer:

The distances of potatoes are as follows.

5, 8, 11, 14…
It can be observed that these distances are in A.P.
a=5
d=8−5=3

= 5[10 + 9 × 3]
= 5(10 + 27) = 5(37)
= 185
As every time she has to run back to the bucket, therefore, the total
distance that the competitor has to run will be two times of it.
Therefore, total distance that the competitor will run = 2 × 185
= 370 m
Alternatively,
The distances of potatoes from the bucket are 5, 8, 11, 14…

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Distance run by the competitor for collecting these potatoes are two
times of the distance at which the potatoes have been kept. Therefore,
distances to be run are
10, 16, 22, 28, 34,……….
a = 10
d = 16 − 10 = 6
S10 =?

= 5[20 + 54]
= 5 (74)
= 370
Therefore, the competitor will run a total distance of 370 m.

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Class X Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions Maths

Exercise 5.4
Question 1:
Which term of the A.P. 121, 117, 113 … is its first negative term?
[Hint: Find n for an < 0]
Answer:
Given A.P. is 121, 117, 113 …
a = 121
d = 117 − 121 = −4
an = a + (n − 1) d
= 121 + (n − 1) (−4)
= 121 − 4n + 4
= 125 − 4n
We have to find the first negative term of this A.P.

Therefore, 32nd term will be the first negative term of this A.P.
Question 2:
The sum of the third and the seventh terms of an A.P is 6 and their
product is 8. Find the sum of first sixteen terms of the A.P.
Answer:
We know that,

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Class X Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions Maths

an = a + (n − 1) d
a3 = a + (3 − 1) d
a3 = a + 2d
Similarly, a7 = a + 6d
Given that, a3 + a7 = 6
(a + 2d) + (a + 6d) = 6
2a + 8d = 6
a + 4d = 3
a = 3 − 4d (i)
Also, it is given that (a3) × (a7) = 8
(a + 2d) × (a + 6d) = 8
From equation (i),

From equation (i),

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Question 3:

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Class X Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions Maths

A ladder has rungs 25 cm apart. (See figure). The rungs decrease

uniformly in length from 45 cm at the bottom to 25 cm at the top. If

the top and bottom rungs are m apart, what is the length of the
wood required for the rungs?

[Hint: number of rungs ]

Answer:
It is given that the rungs are 25 cm apart and the top and bottom

rungs are m apart.

∴ Total number of rungs

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Class X Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions Maths

Now, as the lengths of the rungs decrease uniformly, they will be in an

A.P.
The length of the wood required for the rungs equals the sum of all the
terms of this A.P.
First term, a = 45
Last term, l = 25
n = 11

Therefore, the length of the wood required for the rungs is 385 cm.
Question 4:
The houses of a row are number consecutively from 1 to 49. Show that
there is a value of x such that the sum of numbers of the houses
preceding the house numbered x is equal to the sum of the number of
houses following it.
Find this value of x.
[Hint Sx − 1 = S49 − Sx]
Answer:
The number of houses was
1, 2, 3 … 49
It can be observed that the number of houses are in an A.P. having a
as 1 and d also as 1.
Let us assume that the number of xth house was like this.

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Class X Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions Maths

We know that,

Sum of n terms in an A.P.

Sum of number of houses preceding xth house = Sx − 1

Sum of number of houses following xth house = S49 − Sx

It is given that these sums are equal to each other.

However, the house numbers are positive integers.

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Class X Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions Maths

The value of x will be 35 only.

Therefore, house number 35 is such that the sum of the numbers of
houses preceding the house numbered 35 is equal to the sum of the
numbers of the houses following it.
Question 5:
A small terrace at a football ground comprises of 15 steps each of
which is 50 m long and built of solid concrete.

Each step has a rise of m and a tread of m (See figure) calculate

the total volume of concrete required to build the terrace.

Answer:

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Class X Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions Maths

From the figure, it can be observed that

1st step is m wide,

2nd step is 1 m wide,

3rd step is m wide.

Therefore, the width of each step is increasing by m each time

whereas their height m and length 50 m remains the same.

Therefore, the widths of these steps are

Volume of concrete in 1st step

Volume of concrete in 2nd step

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Volume of concrete in 3rd step

It can be observed that the volumes of concrete in these steps are in
an A.P.

Volume of concrete required to build the terrace is 750 m3.

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