Exam Pack Pyc3705 October 2017

Section A

1. 2 Is the answer because “Body Language is non verbal communication and it

can only be observed through eyes”.
2. 1 is the answer because “Attending means being physical, intellectual, emotional
present to the client an that makes the client feel safe and want to share their deepest
experiences with the counsellor”

3. 1 is the answer because “Cognitive preparation” is preparing yourself so that you

will on have distractors while dealing with client challenges and avoid dwelling in your
own thoughts is cognitive behaviour and affect the way you will help your client.

4. 2 is the correct answer as number “v” cannot be addressed in contracting as we do

not know what will client comfortable with but creating safe space for the client ill make
the client to disclose even their deepest secrets.

5. 4 is the correct answer because ending the sessions needs to be done by

summarizing all what has been discussed and find out if there are still some
outstanding issues.

6. 1 is the answer because when clients or rather participants feel they are being
attended to they give more information which can help in data gathering therefore
“Attending and Encouraging” is important.

7. 1 is the correct answer because we need to respect human dignity at all cost as is
not only ethical is also human rights.

8. 1 is the correct answer as all of the above is looking after the client welfare.

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9. 1 Empathy is the answer as it helps in many dimensions from building rapport and
making clients feel being valued and being present with your clients.

10. 1 is the answer because all issues need to be dealt with and discussed before the
sessions commences as they can affect the way the clients are being assisted.

11. 3 is the correct answer “Privilege” could not be a structural issue as it is positive
and the others are negative.

12. 4 is the answer as all of the above sums up all what is needed in counseling context
and form part of internal preparation.

13. 3 is the correct answer “Cultural competence” is ability to act appropriately and
effectively with people of different cultures.

14. 4 is the correct answer as you need to continually attending workshop to resell
yourself as culture evolve daily.

15. 4 Is the correct answer as you cannot administer psychological assessment before
you know your client and without discussing it with the client sit is done to find out
something which you would like to have confirmation of.

16. 3 is the correct answer as we cannot ignore some new information that the client
bring as it might help us to get new perspective.

17. 3 is the correct answer as it will be difficult to form relationship with Thandi due to
her feeling lonely and not used to people outside those whom she knew.

18. 4 is the correct answer as we do not only focus at the client thinking she needs a
break as break and terminating are not the dame and if we have not accomplished our

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goal then we cannot terminate and counsellor should be able to see when the goal has
been reached.

19. 2 is the most correct as we do not have to feel for our clients as that will mean we
are sympathizing instead of feeling with them which means we are moving with them in
their shoes.

20. 1 “Questioning” is the correct answer as it can make clients not tone interested as
the way they asked could make them feel like they are being blamed.

Section B

a. Study Unit 5: Checking in

5.1 The intake: Dealing with risk and scope:
✓ During intake one of the first priorities is to ascertain whether you are in a
position to accept working with a prospective client(s) or should refer them to
another counsellor or service. Intake procedures may differ from counselling
service to counselling service. In some cases and contexts the counsellor is not
the one who continues with the client in others it’s mandatory (age, gender,
language and sexual orientation).
* Go to the general DVD not the VEP and view the following scenes:
1. Just be there for me)...1st consultation, telephonic counselling of a male
teenager Tulani by a registered trauma counsellor employed at a national
Lesbian, Gay, bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) non – profit organisation, OUT
LGBT Wellbeing.
2. Smoke, or is it fire?...1st consultation face to face between registered
counselling psychologist in private practice and a couple, Janet and James.
3. Help! Help! It’s a crisis!...Following a referral from another agency, a family
member of Chris Smith 42yo, who is reportedly suicidal brings him in haste to the
lay counselling service of a faith – based organisation.

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 4. Am I really that terrible?...Vanessa Singh, a business executive, consulting a
registered career counsellor vi the Employee Assistance Programme of her
employer.

5.1.1 Contact with the client:

• Creating an appropriate context and climate from the outset to optimise the
counselling working alliance
• Initial contact:
✓ In most cases the client contacts the counsellor by phone or walking in the
practise
✓ The client may be referred or a self – referral. Who refers him might be important
• Telephonic contact:
✓ Phoning takes a lot of courage therefore the 1st phone contact is important
because impressions are made on both sides (negative impact => client doesn’t
show for the session or the counsellor doesn’t want to see the client)
✓ Client deal with situations differently => some are nervous and hesitant and
others are eager and start counselling on the phone
✓ Being able to end counselling without rejecting the client or being disinterested
• Walk – in clients:
✓ Most aspects as above apply
✓ In emergency cases you need to attend/refer the client and in not urgent cases –
make an appointment
✓ Note that there are statutory and other limitations when taking on a client

5.2 Assessing your client:

• Psychological assessment can guide you in understanding the client’s
functioning and how are his problems manifested. Consider the following areas
when assessing a client:
• Listen to:
❖ How your clients speak about themselves?
✓ evidence of self – hatred or other self – defeating statements and/or behaviour

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 ✓ are there indications of potential self – harming behaviour like suicidal or
substance abuse
✓ is the client able to separate his/her current issues from their identity

❖ How your clients speak about others?

✓ are they demanding and dismissive of them
✓ do they blame others
✓ are there indications for potential harm to others or property (displaced anger
which may lead to violence)

❖ How your clients speak about their problems?

✓ how do they allocate responsibility
✓ do they show resilience in the face of adversity or do they seem totally
overwhelmed and desperate
✓ are they only half saying what they want to say and maybe testing your thoughts
and feelings on the issue

• Observe:
❖ Non – verbal communication
✓ what is the client saying through body language and actions

❖ Are there discrepancies between what the client is saying and how is behaving?
✓ client is sharing something painful and smiling/be in a happy mood at the same
time => incongruence

• Risk assessment and scope of practice are critical during assessment

• Don’t fall into stereotypical thinking, don’t make assumptions about your clients
and their contexts
• Create the space in which the clients can tell their stories from their frame of
reference, sharing their values, beliefs, needs and desires

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5.3 Opening up the space:
• Counselling is about engaging another person in transformative encounter
• To open a space for meaningful engagement counsellors should show warmth,
congruence, empathy , be non – judgemental and unconditional acceptance
attitudes towards the client
• Micro skills:
✓ Attending (physically, intellectually and emotionally present); counsellor is
listening and ready to interact
✓ Minimal encouragers
✓ Reflections of thoughts and feelings
✓ Paraphrasing and clarification
✓ Open and closed questions

b. Themes of relevance to termination:

1. In counselling termination is a motivator => client and counsellors know that
counselling is lime
2. Termination is means to maintain already achieved changes and generalising
problem – solving skills acquired in counselling. Termination provides an
opportunity to practice changes in real world
3. Serves as a reminder that the client has matured. Appropriately terminated
counselling marks a time in the clients’ lives where they are less absorbed with
personal problems and more able to deal with other people and outside events

Question 2

Four key principles are the foundation of an explicitly ‘relational’ relational approach:
• Therapy offers a microcosm of the social world – What happens in the therapy
room may well reflect processes happening outside.

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 • The significance of ‘between’ – We’re particularly interested in that mysterious
intersubjective space between where we touch and are touched by the Other in
multiple, often unseen ways.
• The therapist is present – We try to be a safe, steady presence who is willing to
be-with the client as a human being with whatever emerges.
• The relationship works as a collaborative partnership – Both therapist and client
contribute to this relationship; therapy is a joint enterprise.
In summary, working relationally means engaging the emergent, here-and-now
dialogical relationship between therapist and client where we flexibly attune to each
client’s relational needs . It’s about being present as a human being first; as a therapist
second. It’s about moving fluidly between a triadic focus on the Other, Self and the
relationship Between.
Just how we put this relational dimension in action in therapy varies according to
perspective and context. A key debate for integrative therapists is the extent to which we
privilege the here-and-now inter-subjective relationship rather than the intra-subjective
one where past developmental relationships are engaged transferentially on the other
hand Normative therapy focuses on Normative Moral and ethical systems Work roles,
habits and norms, Moral obligation, Duty and responsibility Ought to do. Normative
theorists emphasize the role of social obligation and are likely to focus on informal
structures rather than formal structures in organizational change. They are also likely to
emphasize the immediate environment of organizations rather than the more general
cultural rules of the society at large in driving such organizational change.

B. sympathy is feeling compassion, sorrow, or pity for the hardships that another
person encounters, while empathy is putting yourself in the shoes of another and
understand their feelings and feel with them without feeling pity for them.

Question 3

A. Scenario 1

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Discuss Paraphrasing and clarification refers to study guide and 2012 model
answers provided as the answer of the scenario and make sure you give examples.

B. Scenario 2
Discuss summarizing as part of sessions ending and refer to 2012 model answers
provided.