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Network Theorems Final

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28 views38 pages

Network Theorems Final

Uploaded by

Dhanusha Rukshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Network Theorems

Ms. Chamila Sumathiratna-FET


Superposition Theorem
• The method used in the Superposition Theorem is to
remove one source of power within a network at a
time, using series/parallel analysis to determine
voltage drops (and/or currents) within the modified
network for each power source separately. Then, once
voltage drops and/or currents have been determined
for each power source working separately, the values
are all “superimposed” on top of each other (added
algebraically) to find the actual voltage drops/currents
with all sources active.
Superposition Theorem
• When re-drawing the
circuit for calculation with
one source, all other
voltage sources are
replaced by wires (short
circuited), and all current
sources with open circuits
(breaks). Since we only
have voltage sources
(batteries) in our example
circuit, we will replace
every inactive source with
a wire.
Superposition Theorem

7V battery short
circuited

28 V battery short
circuited
Superposition Theorem
• Mark all the currents and voltages
Superposition Theorem
Superposition Theorem
Superposition Theorem

The Theorem
Thevenin’s Theorem
• Thevenin’s Theorem is especially useful in
analyzing power systems and other circuits
where one particular resistor in the circuit
(called the “load” resistor) is subject to
change, and re-calculation of the circuit is
necessary with each trial value of load
resistance, to determine the voltage across it
and current through it.
Thevenin’s Theorem
Find Current and Voltage drop through 2 ohms
load resistor
Thevenin’s Theorem

• The “Thevenin’
Equivalent
Circuit” is the
electrical
equivalent of B1,
R1, R3, and B2 as
seen from the
two points
where our load
resistor (R2)
connects.
Thevenin’s Theorem

Remove the
load
resistance
Thevenin’s Theorem

Find the
voltage and
resistance
seen from
the two
points
Thevenin’s Theorem

Next find
the
Thevenin’s
resistance
Thevenin’s Theorem
Find the voltage
and resistance
between the
points where
the load is to be
connected b
short circuiting
voltage sources
and open
circuiting
current
sources.
Thevenin’s Theorem

• Now load current


and voltage across
4ohm
the load can be
s calculated for any
load resistance

I= 11.2/(0.8+4) A=2.33A
Thevenin’s Theorem
• Thevenin's Theorem states that “Any linear
circuit containing several voltages and
resistances can be replaced by just one single
voltage in series with a single resistance
connected across the load“.
Norton’s Theorem
• Norton’s Theorem states that it is possible to
simplify any linear circuit, to an equivalent
circuit with just a single current source
and parallel resistance connected to a load.
Norton’s Theorem
• The circuit need to be analyzed using
Norton’s theorem (Nortonized)

• After Norton’s Theorem applied to the circuit


Norton’s Theorem
As before, the first step is to identify the load resistance and remove it
from the original circuit:

Then, to find the Norton current (for the current source in the
Norton equivalent circuit), short circuit the load and determine
the resultant current.

Note that this step is exactly opposite the respective step in


Thevenin’s Theorem, where we open circuited the two points
which the load is connected.
Norton’s Theorem
To find the Norton current ,place a direct wire (short) connection between the load
points and determine the resultant current. This step is exactly opposite the
respective step in Thevenin’s Theorem, where the load resistor is replaced with a
break (open circuit):
Norton’s Theorem
Find Norton Resistance between the points
where the load is connected in the same
way in The venin's theorem
Norton’s Theorem

Norton’s
Equivalent
Circuit
Norton’s Theorem
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The maximum amount of power will be


dissipated by a load resistance when that
load resistance is equal to the Thevenin’s or
Norton’s resistance of the network
supplying the power. If the load resistance
is lower or higher than the.
Thevenin/Norton resistance of the source
network, its dissipated power will be less
than the maximum.
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Find the power


dissipated by the
load for load
resistances 0.8
ohms,0.5 ohms
and 1.1 ohms
Answers
Star-Delta & Delta-Star Conversions

or Star network
Star-Delta & Delta-Star Conversions
Star-Delta & Delta-Star Conversions
Ex
x
Find the Find the
z y resistances
R P
resistances
Q

of star of delta
network network
Ex

• Find the
total current
Milman’s Theorem
Using this
theorem, number
of parallel voltage
sources can be
reduced to one
equivalent source.
It is applicable only
to solve the
parallel branch
with one
resistance
connected to one
voltage source or
current source.
Milman’s Theorem
The circuit with
voltage sources
& the load
resistor

Voltage
source
converted
to current
sources

Calculate the Norton’s


current
Milman’s Theorem
Find the
equivalent
resistance by
short
circuiting the
voltage
sources and
open
circuiting the
current
sources
Milman’s Theorem

RN=R TH

E RL
Thevenin’s
equivalent
can be
found

1/R=G

𝐸1 𝐺1+ 𝐸2 𝐺2+ 𝐸3 𝐺3+⋯


𝐸=
𝐺1 +𝐺2 + 𝐺3
Ex

Find the load current using Milman’s


Theorem
Milman’s Theorem
The Millman’s Theorem states that – when a
number of voltage sources (V1, V2, V3……… Vn) are in
parallel having internal resistance (R1, R2,
R3………….Rn) respectively, the arrangement can
replace by a single equivalent voltage source V in
series with an equivalent series resistance R. In
other words; it determines the voltage across the
parallel branches of the circuit, which have more
than one voltage sources, i.e., reduces the
complexity of the electrical circuit.

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