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Bryson
George Washington
(Resolute)
1st President
- Political Party: None
- Presidential Term: April 30, 1789-
March 4, 1797
- State of Origin: Virginia
- Known as the "Father of His
County"
- Fact: is the face of the one dollar
will
George Washington Foreign Affairs
Pinckney's Treaty- Open navigation of the Mississippi River is negotiated with
Spain.
Jay's Treaty- Britain agrees to remove their presence from the Northwest
Territory. In return, the U.S. makes England it's preferred trade partner.
Washington's Farewell Address:
1. Do not form political parties because it will divide the nation.
2. Do not form alliances with foreign nations. Remain neutral.
3. Stay out of debt.
George Washington Domestic Affairs
Battle of Fallen Timbers- U.S. military defeats a strong hold of Native American presence in the N.W.
Territory. Opens up the area to American settlement. Washington provides for the defense of the U.S.
Whiskey Rebellion- Hamilton's plan to tax Whiskey to help pay off U.S. debt. Washington sends in the
military and quickly stops the uprising.Important because Washington shows he can defend the nation from
mob rule. Compare to Shays Rebellion.
Judiciary Act of 1789- Washington signed this bill that help structure the Judicial Branch. 6 supreme court
justices established. The lower federalcourts are established. John Jay = 1st chief justice.
John Adams
(Critical)
2nd President
Political Party: Federalist
Presidential Term: March 4,
1797-March 4, 1801
State of Origin:
Massachusetts BayColony
Also known as "Atlas of
Independenc
Adams wrote thousand of
love letters to his wife during
their marriage.
 John Adam’s Foreign Affairs
XYZ Affair- France hijacked 300 American trading ships going to England. Adam's sends an ambassador to
negotiate with France. France demands 250,000 bribe. And as result John Adams grew the size of the
military, Adams continued Washington's neutrality policy and Napoleon stops hostility when French
Revolution ends and he gains power.
All French treaties between the United States and France are declared null and void by vote in Congress,
most notably the 1778 Treaty of Alliance.
He sought to maintain Washington's neutral foreign policy stance, but increasingly found himself grappling
with France in the so-called "Quasi
War" during his only term in office, from 1797 to 1801.
John Adam’s Domestic Affairs
Alien and Sedition Acts- The Naturalization Act requires a longer amount of residence to become a citizen
(5 years to 14 years) and the Alien Act gave the president the power to expel (deport) or jail foreigners.
Sedition Act made it a crime to criticize the government.Violated the 1st amendment.
Federal Bankruptcy Act- Congress passes and Adams signs into law the Federal Bankruptcy Act, providing
merchants and traders protection from debtors
Kentucky Resolutions- The Kentucky State Legislature adopts the Kentucky Resolutions, reserving states'
right to override federal powers not enumerated in the U.S. Constitution. Thomas Jefferson, angry at the
Adams administration for the Alien and Sedition acts, authors the resolution.
Thomas Jefferson
(Talented)
3rd PresidentPolitical
Party: Democratic-
RepublicanParty
Presidential Term:
March 4, 1801-March
<1809
State of Origin:
Virginia
Also known as "The
Apostle of Democrac
Jefferson was an
inventor, lawyer, and
educator
Thomas Jefferson Foreign Affairs
Louisiana Purchase- In 1803, Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from Napoleon (France)
for 15 million dollars, doubling the size of the U.S.A. Jefferson purchased even though he did not have
Constitutional authority.
Embargo Act- England and France were at war again in 1803. The U.S. tried trading with both countries.
France began seizing American ships and England began impressing (kidnapping) American sailors.
Jefferson decided to stop trade with all of Europe. This destroyed the U.S. economy! The embargo is form
of isolationism.
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair- There were strident calls for war with Great Britain, but these quickly subsided.
President Thomas Jefferson initially attempted to use this widespread bellicosity to diplomatically threaten
the British government into settling the matter.
Thomas Jefferson Domestic Affairs
Lewis and Clark Expedition- A westward journey in search of resources in the newly acquired Louisiana
Territory. Resulted in better maps of the west and an increase in American fur trade.
Landmark Court Case: Marbury v. Madison- John Adams appointed a lot of last minute government
positions as he was leaving the presidency. When Jefferson became president, he refused to allow the
Federalist appointments to take their jobs. They sued and it went to the Supreme Court.
Constitutional Predicament- Jefferson was committed to a strict interpretation of the Constitution & rejected
Hamilton's argument that certain powers were implied as no clause in the Constitution explicitly stated that
a president could purchase foreign land.
James
Maddison
(Intelligent)
4th President
Political Party: Democratic-RepublicanParty
Presidential Term: March 4, 1809-March 4,
1817State of Origin: Virginia
Also known as the "Father of the Constitution"
The smallest president, Madison was just 5
feet 4 inches tall, and weighed only a hundred
pounds.
 James Maddison Foreign Affairs

Causes of the War of 1812- Impressment - kidnapping of American sailors and forced labor on British ships.
Interference with shipping with France. British Alliance with Native Americans in the Northwest Territory-
poses a threat to westward expansion
Nonintercourse Act of 1809- replaced Jefferson's failed embargo. It allowed the resumption of world trade
with the exclusion of trade with England and France, thus barring French and British vessels from American
ports.
Hartford Convention- resulted in a declaration calling on the Federal Government to protect New England
and to supply financial aid to New England's badly battered trade economy.
James Maddison Domestic Affairs

National Bank- In April 1814, President James Madison, who had opposed the creation of the first Bank of
the United States in 1791, reluctantly admitted to the need for another national bank. He believed a bank
was necessary to finance the war with Britain.
Protective Tariff of 1818- One of the important events during his presidency was the implementation of the
Tariff of 1816 that placed a
20-25% tax on all foreign goods.
• National System of Roads- Madison called for public investment to create national roads, canals, and
even a national seminary
James Monroe
(Regal)
5th President
5th President
Political
Political Party:
Party: Democratic-
Democratic-Republican
Republican
Party
Party Term: March 4,
Presidential
Presidential Term:
1817-March
4, 1825
March 4, 1817-March
State of Origin: Virginia
4, 1825
- Also known as "Era of
Good
StateFeelingPresident"
of Origin: Virginia
Monroe was a law
- Also known
apprentice forThomas as "Era of
Good FeelingPresident"
Jefferson
James Monroe's Foreign
Monroe was a law
Affairs
apprentice forThomas
Jefferson
James Monroe's Foreign
Affairs
James Monroe Foreign Affairs

The Monroe Doctrine- James Monroe says that the western hemisphere is off limits to colonization or
recolonization. Any European advancements into the western hemisphere are seen as acts of war.
Florida Purchase Treaty- Conflicts arose between the U.S. military in Georgia and pirates and Native
Americans in the Spanish-held territory of Florida. In 1819, Monroe was able to successfully address the
problem by negotiating for the purchase of Florida for $5 million, further expanding U.S. territories.
Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)- Bagot met with Secretary of State James Monroe informally, and finally
reached an agreement with his successor, Acting Secretary Richard Rush. The agreement limited military
navigation on the Great Lakes to one to two vessels per country on each lake.
James Monroe Domestic Affairs

The Era of Good Feelings- A period of time after the War of 1812 in which people develop a strong sense of
nationalism and patriotism.Political parties are not arguing much. The economy is doing well and people
have some money.
Missouri Compromise- March 6, 1820, President James Monroe signed the Missouri Compromise. The
Compromise was made up of three parts: it admitted Maine, part of northern Massachusetts, as a free
state; it admitted Missouri as a slave state; and it henceforth restricted slavery to territories south of the
latitude 36°30' north.
The Panic of 1819- The panic stemmed from declining imports and exports, and sagging agricultural prices.
Jackson
(Aggressive)
7th President
Political Party: Democratic PartyPresidential
Term: March 4, 1829-March4, 1837
State of Origin: the Carolinas
Also known as "Old Hickory"
He was the first man elected from Tennessee
to the House of Representatives, and he
served briefly in the Senate.
Andrew Jackson Foreign Affairs

Conflict with France- France refuses to pay for impressment damages. almost leads to war
Foreign Trades- with Britain over the West Indies trade, which Jackson reached by repudiating the
demands of the previous Adams administration, was in any way controversial.
Johnson tamped down a crisis by enforcing neutrality laws against IrishAmerican Fenians, who made
several armed attacks in Canada in an attempt to annex Canadian territory, then controlled by Britain.
Andrew Jackson Domestic Affairs

Indian Removal Act of 1830- The goal was to remove all American Indians living in existing states and
territories and send them to unsettled land in the west.
Trail of Tears- the Cherokees were forcibly moved west by the United States government. Approximately
4,000 Cherokees died on this forced march.
Bank Veto- This bill passed Congress, but Jackson vetoed it, declaring that the Bank was "unauthorized by
the Constitution, subversive to the rights of States, and dangerous to the liberties of the people."
Abraham
Lincoln
Compassionat
e

16th President
Political Party: National Union Party
(Republican Party)
Presidential Term: March 4, 1861-April15, 1865
States of Origin: Kentucky
Also known as "Honest Abe
Lincoln was the first president to be born
outside of the original thirteen colonies
Abraham Lincoln Foreign affairs
16th President
Political Party: National Union Party(Republican Party)
Presidential Term: March 4, 1861-April15, 1865
States of Origin: Kentucky
Also known as "Honest Abe
Lincoln was the first president to be born outside of the original thirteen colonies
Abraham Lincoln Domestic Affairs

Emancipation Proclamation- The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the
rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
Thirteenth Amendment- Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject
to their jurisdiction, issued by Abraham Lincoln.
Lincoln-Douglas Debate- a series of formal political debates between the challenger, Abraham Lincoln, and
the incumbent, Stephen A. Douglas, in a campaign for one of Illinois' two United States Senate seats.