HORMONAL CONTROL OF HUMAN

REPRODUCTION
for Science 10
Quarter 3 / Week 1-2

1
 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit is specifically designed to provide

learners with quality learning material that will aide them in
learning independently amidst the current academic set up.
This learning kit includes pre- and post-assessment activities,
partnered with a variety of informative material that will
facilitate one's understanding of the Different Hormones that
Controlled the Human Reproduction, which is in accordance
with DepEd's Most Essential Learning Competencies for
Science 10.

2
OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
K: Describe the roles of male and female
reproductive hormones
S: Discuss the three phases of menstrual cycle
A: Recognize the importance of male and female
hormones in reproduction

LEARNING COMPTENCIES
1. Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and
male reproductive system (S10LT-IIIb-34)
2. Describe the feedback mechanism involved in
regulating processes in the female reproduction system
(e.g., menstrual cycle) (S10LT-IIIc-35)

3
 I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITIES / PRE-TEST
https://www.istockphoto.com/video/lets-begin-film-slate-in-a-studio-shot
DIRECTIONS: Draw the male and female reproductive system shown
-background-gm511780034-87531387

below. Color and identify the parts numbered based on the legend
given beside the images. Do this in your notebook.

A. Parts of the Male Reproductive System

Legend:

*Violet – produces sperm cells

* Yellow – sac of skin that holds the
testis
5 * Pink – deposits sperms into the
vagina during mating
4 * Orange – carries sperm from
3 testes to urethra
1 * Red – carries sperm and urine out
2 of the body
SCROTUM, URETHRA, VAS DEFERENS, TESTIS, PENIS

B. Parts of the Male Reproductive System

Legend:

*Violet – a place where fertilization

occurs
* Yellow – a place where the fertilize
egg develops
* Pink – produces egg cells
* Orange – receives the penis of male
during mating
* Red – connects the uterus with the
vagina and produces mucus for sperm
movement
VAGINA, CERVIX, OVARIES, UTERUS, FALLOPIAN TUBE

4
 https://www.dreamstime.

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW com/illustration/let-s-

explore.html

Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction

The interaction of hormones of the hypothalamus, pituitary
gland and reproductive cells/organs controls the reproductive cycles
in both male and females. The hypothalamus monitors the pituitary
gland and controls its release of hormones.

FIGURE 1: Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course%20Materials/Physiology%20101/Chapter%20Notes/Fall%202011/chapter_6%2
0Fall%202011.htm

When the need for reproductive hormone arises, the

hypothalamus sends gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to
the anterior pituitary gland which causes it to release follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) into the
bloodstream.

5
 Figure 4: Female Reproductive Hormone Cycle
Figure 3: Male Reproductive Hormone Cycle
FSH and LH might be named
http://www.sliderbase.com/spitem-1503-6.html
https://www.slideshare.net/msthomas79/hormones-reproduction

after their functions in female

reproduction, however, these are produced in both sexes and play
important roles in controlling reproduction. There are also other
reproductive hormones that play specific functions in male and
female reproductive systems.

Male Hormones
At puberty, the release of FSH and LH from the hypothalamus
into the male system happens for the first time. As FSH enters the testes,
it stimulates the Sertoli cells to begin spermatogenesis through a
negative feedback. Aside from the Sertoli cells, LH also enters the
testes and stimulates Leydig cells to produce and release
testosterone.
Testosterone is the hormone responsible for the development of
secondary sex characteristics that includes a deepening of the voice
growth of facial, axillary, and pubic hair, and the elevation of sex
drive.
Hormones control sperm production in a negative feedback system.

6
 Figure 4: Feedback System in Male Hormone Production
Male reproductive hormones are controlled by the
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/672303050605102479/
hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and testes. As discusses earlier, the
GnRH from the hypothalamus signals the anterior pituitary gland to
release FSH and LH which both act on the testes. While being
stimulated by the FSH to facilitate spermatogenesis, Sertoli cells also
secret inhibin. Testosterone in produced by the Leydig cells when
stimulated by LH. Testosterone stimulates the Sertoli cells even further
to facilitate spermatogenesis. The inhibin produced by the Sertoli cells
then inhibits the production of FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary
gland.
Negative feedback system occurs in the production of the male
reproductive hormones when rising levels of testosterone acts on the
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary ceasing the release of GnRH, FSH
and LH. The inhibin produced by the Sertoli cells also inhibits the
release of GnRH and FSH, causing the slowdown of spermatogenesis.

Female Hormones

Just as the production of male reproductive hormones, the

anterior pituitary release FSH and LH which stimulates the follicles. The
follicles then release estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen plays a
crucial role in endometrial growth, ovulation, calcium absorption and
secondary female characteristics. Female secondary characteristics
includes development of breasts, broadening of the hips and bone
maturation. Progesterone on the other hand, assists in the re-growth
of endometrium and inhibition of FSH and LH.

7
 Figure 5: Feedback System in Female Hormone Production
https://schoolbag.info/biology/concepts/191.html

FSH stimulates the development of development of follicles into

egg cells (also called ova). Follicles produces inhibin (a hormone that
inhibits the production FSH). Aside from FSH, LH also a role in the
development of ova, ovulation, and stimulation of estradiol and
progesterone production in the ovaries. Estradiol and progesterone
prepare the body for pregnancy and regulate menstrual cycle.

Menstrual cycle — An important process of Human

Reproduction

Puberty marks the beginning of menstrual cycle. The process

of setting in of menstrual cycle in human females at puberty is called
menarche.

The average length of menstrual cycle in females occurs in 28

to 29 days under normal circumstance. However, this length might
be altered by various reasons such as hormonal imbalances, heavy

8
physical activity, illness, physical and emotional stress, poor nutrition,
or starvation.
Menstrual cycle consists of 3 phases:

Figure 6: A Map of the Menstrual Cycle

https://www.bdwomenshealth.com/womens-health-blog/what-really-happens-during-the-
stages-of-the-menstrual-cycle-infographic-beaver-dam-wisconsin

Menstrual phase

This marks the start of the menstrual cycle which occurs for about
3-7 days. This is caused by the breakdown of the endometrium (a
membrane that lines the walls of the uterus. When an egg is not
fertilized, these membrane sheds off and causes the bleeding of the
uterus.
Follicular phase

At this phase, the primary follicles mature to become Graffian

follicles. This event causes the endometrium to regenerate. These
changes are caused by the ovarian and pituitary hormones. In this

9
phase, LH and FSH production increases resulting in the maturation of
follicles in the ovaries. Growing follicles produce estrogen.

The peak of luteinizing hormone(LH) and follicle stimulating

hormone(FSH) in the middle of the cycle (14th day) causes the mature
follicle to release ovum. This is referred to as the ovulatory phase.

Figure 7: The uterus at various stages of the menstrual cycle

https://redschool.net/programmes/pysiology-menstrual-phases/

10
Luteal Phase

The remains of the Graffian follicles then becomes corpus

luteum. This secretes progesterone to maintain the layer of
endometrium of the uterus as preparation for possible implantation of
embryo if fertilization occurs. If fertilization do not happen, the corpus
luteum degenerates and causing the disintegration of the
endometrial lining which now starts the cycle all over again. By the
age of around 50 years, the menstrual cycle ceases to operate. This is
known as menopause.

Figure 8: The Phases of the 28-Day Menstrual Cycle

Phases, M., 2021. Menstrual Cycle Calendar and Phases | Conception Advice. [online] Conception Advice.
Available at: <https://www.conceptionadvice.com/menstrual-cycle-calendar-phases/> [Accessed 10
February 2021].

11
III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
EVALUATION/POST TEST
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Choose and write the letter of
your answer in your notebook.
1. Which hormone causes Leydig cells to make testosterone?
a. FSH b. LH c. inhibin d. estrogen
2. Which hormone causes FSH and LH to be released?
a. Testosterone b. estrogen c. GnRH d. progesterone
3. Which hormone signals ovulation?
a. FSH b. LH c. inhibin d. estrogen
4. Which hormone causes the re-growth of the endometrial lining of the
uterus?
a. Testosterone b. estrogen c. GnRh d. progesterone
5. Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the
female reproductive cycle is false?
a. LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estradiol and
progesterone are produced in the ovaries.
b. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the
endometrium to thicken.
c. Both progesterone and estradiol are produced by the follicles.
d. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of
estradiol but stimulated by high levels of estradiol.
6. Which of the following statements about the menstrual cycle is false?
a. Progesterone levels rise during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
and the secretory phase of the uterine cycle.
b. Menstruation occurs just after LH and FSH levels peak.
c. Menstruation occurs after progesterone levels drop.
d. Estrogen levels rise before ovulation, while progesterone levels rise
after.
7. Which of the following is NOT a hormone associated with the menstrual
cycle?
a. FSH b. LH c. testosterone d. estrogen
8. What is the path that blood travels during menstruation?
a. Uterus, fallopian tube, vagina c. uterus, cervix, vagina
b. Vagina, uterus, fallopian tube d. cervix, uterus, vagina
9. How many days are in an average menstrual cycle?
a. 14 b. 28 c. 7 d. 35

12
 10. What stimulates the thickening of the uterus lining?
a. Estrogen only c. progesterone only
c. estrogen & progesterone d. prolactine

B. MATHING TYPE.
DIRECTIONS: Match the items in column A with the items in column B. Write
the letter of your answer in the notebook.

A B
___1. hormone made by Sertoli cells; provides negative a. luteal phase
feedback to hypothalamus in control of FSH and GnRH b. estrogen
release c. GnRh
___2. reproductive hormone in females that assists in d. FSH
endometrial regrowth, ovulation, and calcium absorption e. inhibin
___3. hormone from the hypothalamus that causes the f. LH
release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary g. progesterone
___4. reproductive hormone that causes sperm production h. follicular phase
in men and follicle development in women i. Sertoli cell
___5. reproductive hormone in both men and women, j. menstrual phase
causes testosterone production in men and ovulation k. interstitial cell
and lactation in women l. testosterone
___6. During this period, primary follicles
mature into the Graffian follicles.
___7. reproductive hormone in women; assists in
endometrial re-growth and inhibition of FSH and LH release
___8. During this period, the cycle starts with the menstrual flow (3 to 5 days)
___9. cell in seminiferous tubules that assists developing
sperm and makes inhibin
___10. During this period, the corpus luteum degenerates, thereby causing
the disintegration of the endometrium and the start of a new cycle.

13
REFERENCES

Internet links:

http://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/biology/chapter/hormonal-
control-of-human-reproduction/

https://medium.com/@bicspuc/menstrual-cycle-an-important-
process-of-human-reproduction-e22a4abce2e2

https://www.britannica.com/science/hormone/Hormones-of-the-
reproductive-system

https://studylib.net/doc/8533255/menstrual-cycle-worksheet

https://wghsjuniorscience.weebly.com/reproduction-organs.html

http://www.sliderbase.com/spitem-1503-6.html

https://www.slideshare.net/msthomas79/hormones-reproduction

https://www.bdwomenshealth.com/womens-health-blog/what-really-
happens-during-the-stages-of-the-menstrual-cycle-infographic-
beaver-dam-wisconsin

https://www.conceptionadvice.com/menstrual-cycle-calendar-
phases/

14
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS - Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

RICO T. ALABAN
Writer

KEENJI L. ARMENTANO
Lay-out Artist
_______________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
MA. ALETTA AARONA R. GAJELOMO
JUSTIN PAUL ARSENIO C. KINAMOT
MIEL C. PACULANANG
PETER PAUL A. PATRON
LYN-NO A. REGALADO

BETA QA TEAM
LIEZEL A. AGOR
JOAN Y. BUBULI
LIELIN A. DE LA CERNA
PETER PAUL A. PATRON
THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible
learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module
are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and
evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this material.
All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent
from the division.

15
 16
ANSWER KEY ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Pre – Test
A.
1. violet – testis
2. yellow – scrotum
3. pink – penis
4. red – urethra
5. orange-vas deferens
B.
1. violet – fallopian tube
2. pink – ovaries
3. red – cervix
4. yellow – uterus
5. orange – vagina
Post - Test
learned in your daily life activities.
A. MC B. MT you could apply the knowledge that you
1. B 1. E
2. C 2. B
kit would be a great help to you, and
3. B 3. C
The writer hopes that this learning
4. D 4. D reproductive tissues and organs.
5. C 5. F
6. B 6. H
anterior pituitary with hormones from
7. C 7. G hormones from the hypothalamus and
8. C 8. J
9. B 9. I
controlled by the interaction of
10. C 10. A
female reproductive cycles are
understand how the human male and
C. ESSAY designed purposely to help learners
1. Menstrual cycle stops and
embryo begins to develop.
This Self Learning Kit (SLK) is
2. Hormones regulate female
reproductive cycle.
3. If fertilization do not occur,
SYNOPSIS
the menstrual cycle
continues.