SCIENCE 7

3rd QUARTER
Module 7

Atoms and Forms

of
Charging Processes

Most Essential Learning Competency

Describe the different types of charging processes. (S7FE-IIIj-13)

To the Learner
This module was specially designed to help you understand and apply the lesson
objectives. Read and follow the simple instructions as your guide.
1. Set a conducive learning space at home so you can focus on your studies.
2. Seek assistance from your parents or guardian to guide you in doing the activities.
3. Take down important concepts and list questions you would like to ask from your
teacher.
4. Reflect and apply the concepts that you have learned.
The Writer
 Expectations
This module will help you to understand the different types of charging process. Specifically,
you will learn to:
a. define atom and identify its particles;
b. define electric charge;
c. explain how atoms become electrically charged;
d. demonstrate charging by friction;
e. explain charging by conduction; and
f. show through diagrams charging by induction.

Before you move on, try to answer the pretest below.

Pre-test
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your correct answer on the blank
provided before the number.

_____ 1. What subatomic particles have a positive charge?

A. electron
B. neutron
C. proton
D. both a and b
_____ 2. A material can become negatively charged by ______.
A. gaining electrons
B. gaining protons
C. losing electrons
D. losing protons
_____ 3. Once you comb your hair and the comb becomes positively charged, then your
hair becomes _______.
A. negatively charged
B. positively charged
C. uncharged
D. either positive or negative charged
_____ 4. Electrical current can easily travel through materials like metals. What are these types
of materials called?
A. batteries
B. conductors
C. insulators
D. resistors
_____ 5. Two like charges _____.
A. attract each other
B. neutralize each other
C. repel each other
D. have no effect on each other

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 Looking Back
Directions: Fill in the table below. Identify and describe the heat transfer shown in the
illustration. Write your answer on the blank.
Illustration Which object Which object What is the method
gives off heat? receives heat? of heat transfer?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

A. Spoon in hot water

hot water spoon conduction

B. The air above the road

warm up, it rises and
replaced by cooler air. 1. ________ 2. __________ 3. __________

Image source: http://bit.ly/3oor5gu

C. Placing a marshmallow
near the campfire.
4. ________ 5. __________ 6. __________

Image source:
https://www.dreamstime.com/basic-
rgb-image153854251

Brief Introduction
The basic unit of all elements of matter are atoms. An atom is made up of a nucleus, a
positive charge called protons, and no charge sub-particle called a neutron. The central nucleus
of an atom is surrounded by a negative charge called electrons. The electric charge is the
physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic
field. There are two types of electric charges exist – positive and negative. An object with a
negative charge has an excess of electrons; otherwise, it is positively charged or uncharged
(neutral). The two objects may become charged when rubbed together. When two charged
objects are brought closer, they exert force on one another called electrostatic force. There are
two forms of electrostatic force that pull two objects together. They are forces of attraction and
forces of repulsion.
The force of repulsion is the force that pushes two objects away from each other these
are objects with the same charges, while the force of attraction is the force that binds the objects
with different charges. The transfer of electrons from one object to another causes the build-up of
electric charges on the objects' surface, and this form of constant charges is called static
electricity. Charges are neither created nor destroyed. This rule is known as the Law of
Conservation of Charge. If one object gives up electrons, another object gains those electrons.

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 Objects with like charges repel Opposite charges attract
Figure 1: Attraction and Repulsion
Image source: https://kneletrostatic.weebly.com/electric-charge.html

There are three methods by which objects acquire electrical charges these are friction,
conduction, and induction.
As you go on exploring this module, you will find more these three methods of charging
processes.

Activity 1
WHAT MAKES UP AN ATOM?
Objectives: At the end of the activity, you should define an atom and identify its particles.
Directions:
A. Label the sub-atomic particles of an atom below. Choose the letter of your answer from
the word bank.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Figure 2: Sub-atomic particles

Image source: http://bit.ly/394BirL

B. Complete the statements by filling in the blanks below. Choose the letter of your answer
from the word bank.
5. _____ is the basic unit of all elements of a matter.
6. An atom that contains fewer electrons than protons is said to be _________ charge.
7. A particle that contains more electrons than protons is ___________ charge.
8. If an atom contains equal numbers of electrons and protons, the atoms are described as
__________.

a. atom e. neutron
b. electrically neutral f. nucleus
c. electron g. positively
d. negatively h. proton

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 Activity 2
LET'S DO THIS!
Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to explain how atoms become
electrically charged.
Materials Needed: 2 pcs. of inflated balloons or plastic cover, string or yarn,
Procedure:
1. Charge an inflated balloon or plastic cover by rubbing it across your hair for about 25 to
30 secs. Note: This will work only if the hair is completely dry.
2. Bring the rubbed part of the balloon or plastic cover near but not touching someone's
hair. Describe what happens.
3. Get two inflated balloons or plastic cover and rub across your hair for about 25 to 30
secs.
4. Hung the balloons or plastic cover on the string or yarn, bring the balloons or plastic
cover closer but not touch each other. Draw and Describe your observation.

Guide Questions:
1. What happens when the two objects are rubbed together?
2. Which objects attracted together?
3. Which objects repelled from one to another?
4. What are the two forms of electrostatic or electrical forces? Describe each.

Complete the table below by filling the blank in each column. The first pair of objects is done
for you as an example.

OBJECT A OBJECT B Effects of Interaction of A

and B
(repel, attract, or no effect)
negatively charged positively charged attract to each other
positively charged 5. ____________ repel each other
positively charged negatively charged 6. ____________
7. _______________ negatively charged repel each other
electrically neutral positively charged 8. ____________

Activity 3
Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to demonstrate charging by friction.
Directions: Study the illustration below about charging by friction. Then answer the questions
that follow.

Figure 3: Charging by Friction

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 Guide Questions:

1. Before rubbing, what is the charge of the two objects?

2. What happens when two objects are rubbed together?
3. Which object has positive charge? negative charge?
4. What will happen when the charged glass rod is brought closer to the tiny pieces of
paper or tissue paper?
5. Based on your answer in question 3, which object losses electrons? Gains electrons?

Activity 4
CHARGING BY CONTACT
Objective: At the end of this activity, you should be able to explain charging by conduction.
Directions: Describe the illustration about charging by conduction below. Choose the letter of
your answer from the box below the illustrations.

1. 2.

_______________ ______________

3. 4.

_______________ _______________
Image source: Charging by Conduction and Induction | Definition, Examples, Diagrams (toppr.com)

a. The neutral object acquires the same type of charge that object A has.
b. During contact, the electrons transfer from the object A and attract to the
positive charges in the object B.
c. A negatively charged object A touches a neutral object B.
d. A negatively charged object A and a neutral object B.
e. The electrical charged of an object B becomes a positive charge.

Activity 5
Objective: At the end of this activity, you should show through diagrams charging by induction.
Directions: The process of charging by induction is listed in the table below in column A. Read
the descriptions carefully and show the process through drawing/diagram in
column B. The first process is done for you as an example.

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 Process of Charging by Induction Diagram

(A) (B)
1. A negatively charged object like the
metal rod is brought closer to a
neutral object like a sphere.

2. The electrically charged particles in

the sphere are rearranged. The
positive charge is near the metal rod
because the negative charges are
repelled to the sphere's opposite side.
Electrons moved to one side within
the sphere.
3. The excess charge (positive or
negative) leave the sphere through
grounding or earthing. The ground is
a material capable of removing or
transferring electrons or transferring
electrons from or to a charged object
to neutralize that object.
4. The conducting wire removed from
the sphere has a region of positively
charged.
5. As the charged glass rod pulled
away, the positive charge spread
uniformly over the sphere. The entire
process has resulted in the loss of
negatively charged electrons from the
sphere through the "ground." Thus,
the sphere has an unbalance charge,
having more protons than electrons.
Image source: https://schoolworkhelper.net/induction-induced-permanent-charging/

Check Your Understanding

A. Fill in the blanks to complete the statement below.
All matter is made up of atoms. The word "atoms" comes from the Greek word (1) _____,
meaning uncuttable. The heavy particles of the atom are in the (2) _____, while (3) _____
particles are on the outside. The (4) _____ and (5) _____ are found in the nucleus. Their
charges are (6) _____ and (7) _____. A group of atoms formed by the combination of atoms
is called (8) _____.

B. What are the three methods by which objects acquire electrical charges? Describe each.

C. Give at least two (2) importance of earthing or grounding in electrical appliances.

Remember
The three ways of Changing Processes are:
• Friction - a charging process when two uncharged objects are rubbed together, the
electrons from one object can move into the other object. The object that gains extra
electrons becomes negatively charged, while fewer electrons become positively charged.
• Conduction or charging by contact - is another method when a charged object touches
another object; electrons can be transferred between the objects. Electrons transfer from

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 the object with a negative charge to the one with a positive charge. The excess electrons
from the charged object are transferred to the uncharged object directly contacting it. The
electrons are free to move in conductors. Metals are good conductors of electricity
because their electrons can move freely throughout. Copper metal is the best conductor
of electricity, that is why copper it is used in electrical wires. Some materials do not allow
electric charges to flow freely, and these are referred to as insulators. Rubber is a good
insulator.
• Induction - a method used to charge an object without touching the object. Charging an
object by induction is the electrons' movement to one part of an object caused by a second
object's electric field. The electric field across the charged object attracts or repels the
electrons in the second object.
• Static electricity - refers to the build-up of charges that are at rest. There are two forms
of electrostatic forces: the force of attraction and the force of repulsion.
• The Electrostatic law states that like charges, repel, and unlike charges, attract.
• Grounding - is the process of eliminating the excess charge on an object through the
transfer of electrons between it and another object of large size. When a charged object
is grounded, the excess charge is balanced by transferring electrons between the charged
object and the ground.
• The Law of Conservation of Charge states that objects become charged by transferring
electrons from one object to another, but the overall charge in a system must remain
constant. These charges cannot be formed nor destroyed but can be transferred from one
matter to another.

Post-test
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer in your answer
sheet.

_____ 1. Which of the following does the nucleus in an atom contain?

a. protons and electrons c. protons and neutrons
b. neutrons and electrons d. protons only

_____ 2. What happens when two unlike charges are brought together?
a. they will repel each other c. they will attract each other
b. they will neutralize each other d. does not affect each other

_____ 3. A neutral metal object is touched by a negatively charged metal rod. The electrons are
transferred from the _____ to the _____, and the sphere acquires a _____ charge.
a. charged rod, neutral sphere, positive c. neutral sphere, charged rod, positive
b. charged rod, neutral sphere, negative d. neutral sphere, charged rod, negative

_____ 4. A negatively charged balloon is brought near to a neutral sphere, as shown below.
Which diagrams below show the distribution of charge in the sphere?

Image source: http://bit.ly/2XpT6Ip

_____ 5. What do you call the process of removing excess charges on an object?
a. conduction c. induction
b. earthing d. polarization

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 Reflection
Write your reflective learning on the different types of charging processes by filling up the
KWL chart below.

K What I already KNOW? W What I WANT to know? L What I LEARNED?

E- KWL Charts - The Amazing World of Teaching (google.com)

References
Science 7 learner's material. Department of Education Bureau of Learning Resources, pp. 262 -
276.

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/estatics/u8l1b.cfm

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-2/Charging-by-conduction

Vengco, L.G, Religioso, T.F., Cordero-Navaza (2017). You and the natural world The New
Grade 7 Second Edition. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. pp. 222 - 225.

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 (S7FE-IIIj-13)
Science 7
Quarter 3 Week 7
Name: ________________________ Section: ____________ Score: _____

PRETEST
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____

LOOKING BACK
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. ______ 4. _____ 5. ______ 6. _____

ACTIVITY NO: 1
A. 1. ______ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____
B. 5. ______ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____

ACTIVITY NO: 2
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____
5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____

ACTIVITY NO: 3
1. ______________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY NO: 4
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____

ACTIVITY NO: 5
1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

A. 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____
5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____

B. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
C. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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POST-TEST
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____

REFLECTION

K What I already KNOW? W What I WANT to know? L What I LEARNED?

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