MDCAT WITH UMAR SANI

Daily Practice Test

CHAPTER:CIRCULATION

1. What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart? (2016)

a) To pump blood to the lungs

b) To initiate and regulate the heartbeat

c) To distribute oxygenated blood

d) To stimulate adrenaline release

2. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? (2017)

a) Pulmonary artery

b) Pulmonary vein

c) Aorta

d) Superior vena cava

3. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clot formation? (2018)

a) Red blood cells

b) White blood cells

c) Platelets

d) Plasma

4. What causes the “lub” sound in the “lub-dub” heartbeat? (2019)

a) Closure of the aortic valve

b) Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

c) Opening of the pulmonary valve

d) Opening of the mitral valve

5. Which of the following factors influences blood pressure? (2020)

a) Blood viscosity

b) Heart rate

c) Vessel elasticity

d) All of the above

6. What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells? (2021)

a) To initiate clotting

b) To transport oxygen

c) To fight infection

d) To store nutrients

7. Which part of the nervous system regulates heart rate? (2016)

a) Central nervous system

b) Somatic nervous system

c) Autonomic nervous system

d) Peripheral nervous system

8. Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body? (2017)

a) Left atrium

b) Right atrium

c) Left ventricle

d) Right ventricle
9. What is the function of the coronary arteries? (2018)

a) Supply blood to the brain

b) Supply blood to the heart muscle

c) Remove waste from the body

d) Filter blood in the kidneys

10. Which of the following best describes the systemic circulation? (2019)

a) Circulation of blood within the heart

b) Circulation of blood between heart and lungs

c) Circulation of blood to all body parts except the lungs

d) Circulation of blood to the brain only

11. What is the primary component of plasma? (2020)

a) Red blood cells

b) White blood cells

c) Platelets

d) Water

12. Which hormone is responsible for increasing heart rate during stress? (2021)

a) Insulin

b) Cortisol

c) Adrenaline

d) Glucagon

13. Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle? (2016)
a) Tricuspid valve

b) Pulmonary valve

c) Aortic valve

d) Mitral valve

14. Which structure in blood vessels aids in the regulation of blood flow and pressure?
(2017)

a) Endothelium

b) Smooth muscle

c) Valves

d) Connective tissue

15. What is the function of the lymphatic system in circulation? (2018)

a) Deliver oxygen to tissues

b) Remove carbon dioxide

c) Return excess fluid to the blood

d) Transport nutrients

16. Which condition is characterized by high blood pressure? (2019)

a) Anemia

b) Leukemia

c) Hypertension

d) Hypotension

17. Which heart structure separates the left and right sides? (2020)

a) Septum
b) Valve

c) Atrium

d) Ventricle

18. What role do capillaries play in the circulatory system? (2021)

a) Carry blood away from the heart

b) Carry blood to the heart

c) Exchange nutrients and waste between blood and tissues

d) Store blood

19. Which protein in blood plasma helps in immunity? (2016)

a) Fibrinogen

b) Albumin

c) Globulin

d) Hemoglobin

20. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body? (2017)

a) Left atrium

b) Right atrium

c) Left ventricle

d) Right ventricle

21. Which structure in the heart prevents the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood? (2018)

A) Valve

b) Septum
c) Atrium

d) Ventricle

22. Which type of blood vessel has the thickest walls? (2019)

a) Capillaries

b) Arteries

c) Veins

d) Venules

23. Which blood cells are responsible for immune responses? (2020)

a) Red blood cells

b) White blood cells

c) Platelets

d) Plasma cells

24. What is the main role of the atrioventricular (AV) node? (2021)

a) Generate electrical impulses

b) Delay electrical signals

c) Pump blood to the lungs

d) Supply blood to the heart muscle

25. Which blood type is considered the universal donor? (2016)

a) A

b) B

c) AB

d) O
26. What is the function of the pericardium? (2017)

a) Pump blood

b) Protect the heart

c) Transport oxygen

d) Store blood

27. Which heart valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle? (2018)

a) Aortic valve

b) Mitral valve

c) Tricuspid valve

d) Pulmonary valve

28. What is the primary function of red blood cells? (2019)

a) Fight infection

b) Carry oxygen

c) Form clots

d) Regulate temperature

29. Which factor directly affects the resistance in blood vessels? (2020)

a) Length of the vessel

b) Viscosity of the blood

c) Diameter of the vessel

d) All of the above

30. Which organ regulates the production of red blood cells? (2021)
a) Heart

b) Lungs

c) Kidney

d) Liver

𝐏𝐀𝐊𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐍 𝐍𝐎 01 𝐌𝐄𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋
𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐋 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐘 𝐓𝐄𝐒𝐓
𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐄𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋
𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐔𝐌𝐀𝐑 𝐒𝐀𝐍𝐈

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 ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATION

1. b) To initiate and regulate the heartbeat

Explanation: The sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the right atrium, is known as the
heart's natural pacemaker. It generates electrical impulses that initiate the heartbeat
and regulate the heart's rhythm.

2. b) Pulmonary vein

Explanation: The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the
left atrium of the heart. This is unique because veins typically carry deoxygenated
blood, but the pulmonary veins are an exception.

3. c) Platelets

Explanation: Platelets, or thrombocytes, are cell fragments in the blood that are
crucial for blood clotting. They gather at the site of a blood vessel injury and form a
plug that helps stop bleeding.

4. b) Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

Explanation: The "lub" sound, also known as the first heart sound (S1), occurs when
the mitral and tricuspid valves close at the beginning of ventricular contraction,
preventing backflow into the atria.

5. d) All of the above

Explanation: Blood viscosity, heart rate, and vessel elasticity all affect blood pressure.
Viscosity affects how easily blood flows; heart rate affects how forcefully blood is
pumped; elasticity determines how vessels respond to blood pressure changes.

6. b) To transport oxygen
Explanation: Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the
lungs and releases it in tissues throughout the body. It also helps transport carbon
dioxide back to the lungs.

7. c) Autonomic nervous system

Explanation: The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions,

including heart rate. It has two divisions: the sympathetic nervous system (which
increases heart rate) and the parasympathetic nervous system (which decreases it).

8. b) Right atrium

Explanation: The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the
superior and inferior vena cavae and pumps it into the right ventricle.

9. b) Supply blood to the heart muscle

Explanation: The coronary arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
(myocardium) to keep it functioning properly. They originate from the base of the
aorta.

10. c) Circulation of blood to all body parts except the lungs

Explanation: Systemic circulation refers to the part of the cardiovascular system that
carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the body and returns
deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart.

11. d) Water

Explanation: Plasma is the liquid component of blood, making up about 55% of its
volume. It is primarily composed of water (about 90%) and serves as a medium for
transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

12. c) Adrenaline
Explanation: Adrenaline (epinephrine) is released by the adrenal glands during stress,
increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supply to muscles, preparing the
body for a "fight or flight" response.

13. c) Aortic valve

Explanation: The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. It
prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has been pumped into
the aorta.

14. b) Smooth muscle

Explanation: Smooth muscle in the walls of arteries and arterioles allows these
vessels to constrict or dilate, regulating blood flow and pressure.

15. c) Return excess fluid to the blood

Explanation: The lymphatic system collects excess fluid and proteins from tissues and
returns them to the bloodstream, maintaining fluid balance and preventing edema.

16. c) Hypertension

Explanation: Hypertension is a condition where blood pressure in the arteries is

persistently elevated, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health
issues.

17. a) Septum

Explanation: The septum is a wall that divides the left and right sides of the heart,
preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

18. c) Exchange nutrients and waste between blood and tissues

Explanation: Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen,
nutrients, and waste products occurs between blood and surrounding tissues.
19. c) Globulin

Explanation: Globulins are a group of proteins in blood plasma that include antibodies
(immunoglobulins), which play a key role in immune responses.

20. c) Left ventricle

Explanation: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta, distributing it
to the rest of the body. It has thick muscular walls to generate the necessary force.

21. b) Septum

Explanation: The septum prevents the mixing of oxygenated blood in the left heart
chambers with deoxygenated blood in the right heart chambers.

22. b) Arteries

Explanation: Arteries have thick, muscular walls to withstand and regulate the high
pressure of blood pumped from the heart.

23. b) White blood cells

Explanation: White blood cells (leukocytes) are key players in the immune system,
protecting the body against infections and foreign invaders.

24. b) Delay electrical signals

Explanation: The AV node delays the electrical impulse from the SA node, allowing the
atria to contract fully and the ventricles to fill with blood before they contract.

25. d) O

Explanation: Blood type O negative is considered the universal donor because it lacks
A, B, and Rh antigens, reducing the risk of an immune reaction in recipients.
26. b) Protect the heart

Explanation: The pericardium is a double-walled sac that encloses and protects the
heart, preventing friction and providing a barrier against infection.

27. c) Tricuspid valve

Explanation: The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right
ventricle, preventing backflow of blood when the right ventricle contracts.

28. b) Carry oxygen

Explanation: Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and
carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

29. d) All of the above

Explanation: Resistance in blood vessels is influenced by the length of the vessel, the
viscosity of the blood, and the diameter of the vessel. Longer vessels and higher
viscosity increase resistance, while a larger diameter decreases resistance. These
factors collectively determine how easily blood can flow through the vessels.

30. c) Kidney

Explanation: The kidneys regulate the production of red blood cells through the
secretion of the hormone erythropoietin. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, the
kidneys release erythropoietin, stimulating the bone marrow to produce more red
blood cells to increase oxygen transport.
𝐏𝐀𝐊𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐍 𝐍𝐎 01 𝐌𝐄𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋
𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐋 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐘 𝐓𝐄𝐒𝐓
𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐄𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋
𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐔𝐌𝐀𝐑 𝐒𝐀𝐍𝐈

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