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Emath 100 Module 1B

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2 views

Emath 100 Module 1B

Uploaded by

Nigel Ceasar Silva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module in Mathematics Review

Lesson 2: Special Products and Factoring

Lesson Outcome:

At the end of this topic the learner should be able to recall the concept of special products and
factoring.

Lesson Contents:

➢ Special Products

Special products are special because they do not need long solutions.

The following are some of the products which occur frequently in Mathematics, and the students
should become familiar with them as soon as possible. Proofs of these results may be obtained by
performing the multiplication.

I. Product of monomial and binomial

a(c + d) = ac + ad

II. Product of the sum and the difference of two terms

(a + b)(a – b) = a2 - b2

III. Square of a binomial

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

IV. Product of two binomials

(x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab

(ax + b)(cx + d) = acx2 + (ad + bc)x + bd

(a + b)(c + d) = ac + bc + ad + bd

V. Cube of a binomial

(a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3

(a - b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3

VI. Square of a trinomial

(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab +2ac + 2bc

VII. The Foil Method

This is useful for multiplying two similar binomials.

Example: (3x + 2)(x + 4) = 3x(x) + 3x(4) + 2(x) + 2(4)


= 3x2 + 12x + 2x + 8
= 3x2 + 14x + 8

➢ Factoring

Factoring is the process of determining the factors of a certain expression or polynomial. We can
consider factoring as the reverse process of multiplying polynomials.

Factoring techniques:

I. Factoring by the Greatest Common Factor

When factoring in general, this will be the first thing that we should try as it will often
simplify the problem.

To use this method, all that we do is look at all the terms and determine if there is a
factor that is common to all the terms. If there is, we will factor it out of the polynomial.
Module in Mathematics Review

We could use here the distributive law in reverse.

II. Factoring by Grouping

This is a method that can be used to factor polynomials whenever a common factor
exists between the groupings.

III. Factoring Quadratic Polynomials

We have to take note that quadratic is another term for second degree polynomial.
So we know that the largest exponent in a quadratic polynomial will be a “2”.

When “a” is not equal to 1:

Step 1: Multiply the coefficients of the first and third terms of the quadratic
trinomial.

Step 2: Think of the factors of the number you have obtained in Step 1 whose
sum is equal to the coefficient of the second term.

Step 3: Expand the second term of the trinomial using the factors you have
obtained from Step 2. After expanding, the expression should now consist of four
terms.

Step 4: Group the trinomial into two groups.

Step 5: Factor out the GCF of each group. Once you have factored out the
GCF, expect that there will be a common binomial.

IV. Factoring Special Products


When factoring, there are few special products that if we can recognize them, can
help us factor polynomials.

The following summarizes the shortcuts that we can use to factor special products.

a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)

a2 + 2ab +b2 = (a + b)2

a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2

a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)

a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)

As always, when factoring special products, it is important to check for a GCF first.
Only after checking for a GCF should we be using the special products.

V. Factoring Polynomials with Degree Greater than 2.


There is no method for doing this in general.

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